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DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 
^  ^  BUREAU  OF  THE  CENSUS 

SAM.  L.  ROGERS,  Director    " 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER 


1916 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT   PRINTING   OFFICE 

1920 


HE 

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CONTENTS. 


UNITED  STATES. 

Page. 

Scope  of  the  census 19 

Statistical  summary 20 

Table  1.— All  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels:   1916,  1906,  and  1889 20 

Table  2. — All  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels,  per  cent  of  increase:   1889-1916  and  1806-1916 21 

Table  3. — All  vessels  and  craft,  by  occupation,  with  per  cent  of  total:  1916 21 

Steam  vessels 21 

Table  4. — Steam  vessels,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels,  by  occupation,  with  per  cent  of  increase  and  per  cent  of  total:  1916 

and  1906 22 

Table  5. — Steam  vessels,  by  divisions,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 22 

Table  6. — Steam  vessels,  per  cent  in  each  di\'ision:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 23 

Table  7. — Steam,  Bail,  and  unrigged  vessels,  by  divisions,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916, 1906,  and  1889 24 

Table  8. — Steam,  sail,  and  unrigged  vessels,  with  per  cent  in  each  division:  1916, 1906,  and  1889 25 

Unrigged  craft 26 

Table  9. — Unrigged  vessels,  by  occupation,  with  per  cent  of  increase  and  per  cent  of  total:  1916  and  1906 26 

Sailing  vessels 27 

Table  10. — Sail  vessels,  by  occupation,  with  per  cent  of  increase  and  per  cent  of  total:  1916  and  1906 27 

Table  11. — Sail  vessels,  by  di\'isions,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 28 

Table  12.— Sail  vessels,  per  cent  in  each  division:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 28 

Schooner  barges 28 

Table  13.— Schooner  barges:  1916  and  1906 29 

Ferryboats 29 

Table  14. — Ferryboats,  by  divisions,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 29 

Table  15. — Ferryboats,  by  districts,  with  per  cent  of  increase  and  per  cent  of  total:  1916  and  1906 30 

Municipal  ferries 31 

Table  16. — Municipal  ferries,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916  and  1906 31 

Table  17.— Municipal  ferries:  1916 32 

Yachts,  steam  and  sail 32 

Table  18. — Yachts,  number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value,  by  divisions,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916  and  1906 32 

Table  19. — Yachts,  per  cent  of  total  number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value,  by  divisions  and  class:  1916  and  1906 33 

Government  vessels 33. 

Table  20. — Vessels  owned  and  operated  by  state  and  city  governments:  1916  and  1906 33 

Commercial  fishing  craft 33 

Table  21. — Fishing  vessels,  by  di\'isions,  with  per  cent  of  total:  1916 34 

Table  22. — Fishing  vessels,  grouped  according  to  gross  tonnage,  by  divisions:  1916 34 

Table  23.— Freight  carried  by  fishing  vessels:  1916 34 

Geographic  divisions 35 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico 35 

Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska) 35 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River 35 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries 35 

All  other  inland  waters 35 

Table  24. — All  classes  of  vessels  and  craft,  by  divisions,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 35 

Character  of  ownership 36 

Table  25. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels,  by  character  of  ownership,  with  per  cent  of  increase  and  per  cent  of 

total:  1916  and  1906 36 

Table  26.— Number  and  gross  tonnage  of  vessels,  by  character  of  ownership  and  by  divisions,  with  per  cent  of  total:  1916  and 

1906 37 

Table  27.— Number  and  gross  tonnage  of  steam,  sail,  and  unrigged  vessels,  by  character  of  ownership  and  by  occupation,  with 

per  cent  of  increase:  1916  and  1906 38 

Construction 39 

Table  28. — Class,  number,  and  gross  tonnage  of  metal  and  wooden  vessels  built  in  the  United  States  and  documented:  1889-1916  39 
Table  29. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels  in  each  division,  by  character  of  construction,  with  per  cent  of  increase: 

1916,  1906,  and  1889 40 

Table  30.— Per  cent  of  total  gross  tonnage  of  metal,  wood,  and  composite  vessels,  by  di\-isions:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 42 

Table  31. — Vessels  of  each  occupation  in  each  di\'ision,  grouped  by  character  of  construction:  1916 43 

3 


4  CONTENTS. 

Page. 

Number  and  tonnage 44 

Table  32. — Gross  and  net  tonnage,  with  per  cent  net  is  of  gross  tonnage,  by  class  and  occupation  of  vessels:  1916  and  1906 44 

Table  33. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  different  classes  of  vessels,  by  divisions:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 45 

Table  34. — Vessels  grouped  according  to  gross  tonnage,  by  divisions:  1916  and  1906 47 

Table  35. — All  vessels,  grouped  according  to  gross  tonnage,  by  di\isions  and  class,  ^-ith  per  cent  of  total:  1916 49 

"Valuation  of  vessels 51 

Table  36. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels,  by  class  and  character  of  construction:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 51 

Table  37. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels,  per  cent  of  total,  and  per  cent  of  increase,  by  class  and  character  of 

construction:  1916,  1906,  and   1889 ' 51 

Table  38. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels,  by  character  of  construction  and  by  class  and  occupation:  1916,  1906, 

and  1889 '. 52 

Table  39. — Average  gross  tonnage  and  value  per  vessel  and  average  value  per  ton,  by  character  of  construction  and  by  class  and 

occupation:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 53 

Character  of  power  and  machine  propulsion 54 

Table  40. — Vessels  propelled  Ijy  steam  and  motor,  by  character  of  propulsion,  gross  tonnage  and  horsepower,  with  per  cent  of 

increase  and  per  cent  of  total :  1916  and  1906 54 

Table  41. — Character  of  power  and  propulsion,  by  divisions:  1916  and  1906 55 

Table  42. — Character  of  propulsion  and  horsepower  of  steam  vessels,  by  occupation,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916  and  1906. .  56 

Income 56 

Table  43. — Gross  income — All  vessels  and  craft,  by  divisions  and  occupations,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916  and  1906 57 

Employees  and  salaries  and  wages 59 

Table  44. — Employees,  and  salaries  and  wages,  by  divisions,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916  and  1906 59 

Freight 60 

Table  45. — Freight  transported  and  lighterage  or  harbor  work,  with,  income  from  same,  by  divisions:  1916 60 

Table  46. — Freight  shipped,  by  commodities  and  by  divisions:  1916 62 

Freight  activities  of  leading  ports 62 

Table  47. — Total  shipments  and  receipts  for  the  principal  ports  in  the  United  States:  1916 63 

Table  48. — Number  of  tons  carried  by  vessels  engaged  in  lighterage  or  harbor  work,  by  divisions:  1916  and  1906 63 

Table  49. — Value  of  the  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  in  American  and  foreign  vessels:  1889  to  1916 64 

Table  50. — Tonnage  of  the  sail  and  steam  vessels  of  the  merchant  marine  of  the  United  States  employed  in  the  foreign 

and  coastwise  trade,  not  including  fishing  vessels:  1889  to  1916 64 

Passengers 65 

Table  51. — Number  of  passengers,  by  divisions,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916  and  1906 65 

Table  52. — Passengers  reported  for  the  principal  districts  of  the  United  States  Steamboat-Inspection  Service:  1916  and  1906. .  65 

Idle  vessels 66 

Table  53. — Number  and  tonnage  of  active  and  idle  vessels,  by  class:  1916  and  1906 66 

Table  54. — Number  and  gross  tonnage  of  idle  vessels,  by  occupation:    1916 66 

Table  55. — Idle  vessels,  grouped  according  to  gross  tonnage,  by  divisions:  1916 67 

Table  56. — Number  and  gross  tonnage  of  registered,  enrolled,  and  licensed  sail  and  steam  vessels,  constituting  the  total  merchant 

marine  of  the  United  States,  including  fishing  vessels:  1889  to  1916 68 

Porto  Rico  and  Hawaii 70 

Porto  Rico 70 

Table  57.— All  vessels  and  craft,  by  classes:  1916  and  1906 70 

Hawaii 1 70 

Table  58.— All  vessels  and  craft,  by  classes:  1916  and  1906 70 

Canal  boats 71 

Table  59.— Canal  boats,  by  divisions:  1916  and  1906 71 

Table  60. — Steam  vessels  operating  on  canals:  1916  and  1906 71 

Canals  and  canalized  rivers 72 

Table  61. — Number,  mileage  (including  slack  water),  and  cost  of  canals  and  canalized  rivers  in  the  United  States:  1916,  1906, 

1889,  and  1880 72 

Table  62.— Length  and  cost  of  abandoned  canals  and  canalized  rivers:  1916,  1906,  1889,  and  1880 73 

Table  63. — Name,  length,  and  cost  of  construction  of  canals  abandoned  between  1906  and  1916 73 

Table  64. — Tons  of  freight  carried  on  state  and  corporation  canals,  Government  canals,  and  canalized  rivers:  1916,  1906,  1889, 

and  1880 73 

Table  65. — Net  tonnage  of  vessels  and  total  freight  passing  through  both  American  and  Canadian  canals  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie: 

1895  to  1916 74 

Table  66. — Net  tons  of  freight  carried  on  ship  canals,  including  canalized  rivers,  and  all  other  canals:  1916,  1906,  1889,  and 

1880 74 

Table  67. — Tons  of  freight  carried  on  state  and  corporation  canals.  Government  canals,  and  canalized  rivers:  1916,  1906,  1889, 

and  1880 75 

Table  68. — Number,  dimensions,  date  of  construction,  and  cost  of  state  and  corporation  canals.  Government  canals,  and  canal- 
ized rivers:  1916 76 

Table  69. — All  vessels,  by  class,  occupation,  and  division:  1916 78 

Table  70. — All  vessels,  by  class,  ownership,  and  division:  1916 84 


CONTENTS.  5 

DIAGRAMS. 

Page. 

Diagram  1.— Gross  tonnage  of  steam,  sail,  and  unrigged  vessels,  by  divisions:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 23 

Diagram  2.— Value  of  steam,  sail,  and  um-igged  vessels,  by  divisions:  191G,  1906,  and  1889 25 

Diagram  3. — Gross  tonnage  of  vessels,  by  character  of  ownership  and  by  divisions:  1916  and  1906 37 

Diagram  4.— Grose  tonnage  of  vessels,  by  divisions  and  character  of  construction:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 41 

Diagram  5.— Value  of  vessels,  by  divisions  and  character  of  construction:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 42 

Diagram  6. — Income  of  vessels,  by  divisions  and  by  occupation:  1916  and  1906 5g 

Diagram  7. — Freight  transported  and  lighterage  or  harbor  werk,  by  divisions:  1916 61 

ATLANTIC  COAST  AND  GULF  OF  MEXICO. 

Scope  of  the  report gg 

Uses  of  the  words  'ton''  and  "tonnage" go 

The  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coast  fleet gg 

Table  1. — All  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 gg 

Table  2. — All  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels,  per  cent  of  increase:  1889-1916  and  1908-1916 90 

Table  3. — All  vessels  and  craft,  by  occupation,  with  per  cent  of  total:  1916 gj 

Table  4. — Steam  vessels,  by  occupation,  with  per  cent  of  increase  and  per  cent  of  total:  1916  and  1906 91 

Table  5. — Unrigged  vessels,  by  occupation,  with  per  cent  each  class  is  of  total:  1916  and  1906 92 

Table  6. — Sail  vessels,  by  occupation,  with  per  cent  each  class  is  of  total:  1916  and  1906 92 

Table  7.— Schooner  barges:  1916  and  1906 ......'....."."  92 

Ferryboats g2 

Talkie  8.— Ferryboats,  by  districts,  with  per  cent  of  increase  and  per  cent  of  total:  1916  and  1906 g3 

Table  9. — Municipal  ferries,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916  and  1906 g3 

Government  vessels gg 

Table  10. — ^Vessels  owned  by  state  and  city  governments:  1916  and  1906 93 

Fishing  craft g^ 

Table  11.— Fishing  vessels:  1916 94 

Table  12. — Fishing  vessels  grouped  according  to  gross  tonnage:  1916 g4 

Ownership  of  vessels 9^ 

Table  13. — Ownership  for  steam  and  sail  vessels:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 94 

Table  14. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels,  by  character  of  ownership,  with  per  cent  of  increase  and  per  cent  of 

total:  1916  and  1906 g5 

Classification  of  vessels  by  occupation gg 

Table  1.5.— Number  and  gross  tonnage  of  vessels,  by  character  of  ownership  and  by  class  and  occupation:  1916  and  1906 95 

Construction gg 

Table  10. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels,  by  character  of  construction  and  by  class  and  occupation:  1916,  1906 

and  1889. '          '  gg 

Tonnage  of  vessels 97 

Table  17. — Gross  and  net  tonnage,  with  per  cent  net  is  of  gross  tonnage,  by  class  and  occupation  of  vessels:  1S16  and  1906 9g 

Table  18. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  different  classes  of  vessels:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 9g 

Table  19. — ^Vessels  grouped  according  to  gross  tonnage:  1916  and  1906 gg 

Table  20. — Average  gross  tonnage  and  value  per  vessel,  and  average  value  per  ton:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 99 

Character  of  propulsion  and  horsepower jqq 

Table  21. — Vessels  propelled  by  machinery,  by  character  of  propulsion  and  kind  of  power:  1916  and  1906 100 

Table  22. — Character  of  propulsion  and  horsepower  of  vessels  propelled  by  machinery,  by  occupation:  1916  and  1906 100 

Income jOO 

Table  23. — Gross  income — All  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels,  by  occupation,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916 

and  1906 200 

Employees  and  salaries  and  wages jqj^ 

Table  24. — Employees  and  salaries  and  wages,  ^-ith  per  cent  of  increase;  1916  and  1906 101 

Freight lOi 

Table  25. — Freight  shipped,  by  commodities:  1916  and  1906 101 

Table  26. — Shipments  and  receipts  of  principal  commodities,  by  ports:  1916  and  1906 102 

Traffic  at  and  about  New  York  City .■ 105 

Table  27.— Shipments  and  receipts  of  principal  commodities  at  Bayonne,  Elizabethport.  Hoboken.  Jersey  City,  Newark,  New 

York,  Perth  Amboy.  Port  Johnson,  Port  Reading.  South  .\mboy,  and  Weehawken:  1916 105 

Imports  and  exports , IQg 

Table  28.— Total  value  of  imports  and  exports  of  merchandise,  by  customs  districts,  year  ending  June  30,  1916 106 

passengers  transported IO7 

Talile  29.— Number  of  passengers:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 IO7 

Table  30.— Pa^engers  reported  for  each  district  of  the  United  States  Steamboat  Inspection  Service  on  the  Atlantic  coast  and 

Gulf  of  Mexico,  for  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1916 IO7 

Idle  vessels 107 

Table  31.— Idle  vessels:  1916  and  1906 '  io7 

Table  32. — Idle  vessels  grouped  according  to  gross  tonnage:  1916 lOg 

Porto  Rican  commerce 108 

Table  33.— Vessels  operating  locally  at  Porto  Rico:  1916  and  19C6 lOg 


«  CONTENTS. 

Page. 

Vessels  engaged  in  foreign  commerce 108 

Tal)le  34. — Vessels  entered  and  cleared  in  the  foreign  trade,  by  customs  districts:  1916 109 

Table  35. — -Vll  vessels,  by  cla.ss,  occupation,  and  ownership:  1916 110 

DIAGRAMS. 

Diagram  1. — Gross  tonnage  of  all  vessels,  exclusive  of  fisliing  vessels,  by  classes:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 90 

Diagram  2. — Value  of  all  vessels,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels,  by  classes:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 90 

Diagram  3. — Gross  income  of  all  vessels,  exclusive  of  fislung  vessels,  steam,  including  unrigged  and  sail:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 90 

Diagram  4. — Gross  tonnage  of  vessels,  by  class  and  character  of  construction :  1 016,  1906,  and  1889 97 

Diagram  5. — Value  of  vessels,  by  class  and  character  of  construction :  1916,  1906,  and  1889 97 

PACIFIC  COAST. 

Scope  of  the  report 117 

General  summary , 118 

Table  1.— All  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 118 

Table  2. — All  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels,  per  cent  of  increase:  1889-1916  and  1906-191t) 118 

Table  3. — All  vessels  and  craft,  by  occupation,  with  per  cent  of  total:  1916 119 

Table  4. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels,  by  class  and  occupation:  1916  and  1906 120 

Railway  sliipping .i 121 

Table  5. — Craft  operated  in  connection  with  steam  railroads:  1916  and  1906 121 

Government  vessels 121 

Table  6. — Vessels  owned  and  operated  by  state  and  city  governments:  1916  and  1906 121 

Ferryboats 121 

Table  7.— Ferryboats:  1916  and  1906 121 

Fishing  craft 122 

Table  8— Fishing  vessels :  1916 122 

Ownersliip  of  vessels 122 

Table  9.— Ownership  of  steam  and  sail  vessels:  1016, 1906,  and  1889 122 

Table  10. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels,  by  class  and  by  character  of  ownership,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916 

and  1906 123 

Number  and  tonnage  of  vessels 123 

Table  11. — Vessels  grouped  according  to  gross  tonnage:  1916  and  1906 124 

Construction  and  valuation 123 

Table  12.^Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels,  by  class  and  occupation  and  by  character  of  construction:  1916,  1906, 

and  1889 124 

Table  13. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels,  by  class  and  by  character  of  construction,  with  per  cent  of  total  and 

per  cent  of  increase:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 126 

Table  14. — Average  gross  tonnage  and  value  per  vessel  and  average  value  per  gross  ton:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 126 

Character  of  propulsion  and  horsepower 127 

Table  15. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  horsepower  of  vessels,  by  character  of  propulsion  and  power,  with  average  tonnage  and 

horsepower:  1916  and  1906 127 

Table  16. — Character  of  propulsion  and  horsepower  of  vessels  propelled  by  machinery,  by  occupation:  1916  and  1906 128 

Income 128 

Table  17. — Gross  income — All  vessels,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels,  by  class  and  occupation,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916 

and  1906 128 

Employees  and  salaries  and  wages 129 

Table  18. — Employees  and  salaries  and  wages,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916  and  1906 129 

Freight 129 

Table  19. — Shipments  and  receipts  of  principal  commodities  by  selected  ports:  1916 130 

Table  20.— Freight  shipments  from  selected  ports:  1916  and  1906 131 

Passengers 131 

Table  21. — Number  of  passengers,  with  per  cent  of  total  and  per  cent  of  increase:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 131 

Idle  vessels 131 

Table  22.— Idle  vessels:  1916  and  1906 131 

Table  23. — All  vessels,  by  class,  occupation,  and  ownership:  1916 132 

DIAGRAMS. 

Diagram  1. — Gross  tonnage  of  all  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 118 

Diagram  2. — Value  of  all  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 118 

Diagram  3. — Gross  income  of  all  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fislung  vessels:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 118 

Diagram  4. — Gross  tonnage  of  vessels  by  class  and  character  of  construction:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 125 

Diagram  5. — Value  of  vessels  by  class  and  character  of  construction :  1916,  1906,  and  1889 125 

GREAT  LAKES  AND  ST.  LAWRENCE  RIVER. 

Scope  of  the  report 137 

General  summary 137 

Table  1.— All  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 137 


CONTENTS.  7 

Page. 

Table  2. — Water  transportation,  United  States  and  the  Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River:  1916  and  1906 139 

Undocumented  craft 139 

Table  3. — Number  and  gross  tonnage  of  active  and  idle  undocumented  craft:  1916  and  1906 139 

Steam,  sail,  and  unrigged  craft 139 

Table  4. — Nimiber,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  different  classes  of  vessels:  1916, 1906,  and  1889 140 

Table  5. — Number  and  gross  tonnage  of  different  classes  of  vessels,  with  average  tonnage  per  vessel:  1870  to  1916 140 

Construction 140 

Table  6. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels,  by  character  of  construction:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 141 

Table  7. — Number  and  gross  tonnage  of  metal  and  wooden  vessels,  with  average  tonnage  per  vessel :  1875  to  1916 141 

Table  8. — Number  of  vessels,  tonnage,  horsepower  of  engines,  and  value,  by  character  of  construction  and  class:  1916  and  1906. .  142 

Tonnage  of  vessels 142 

Table  9. — All  vessels  grouped  according  to  gross  tonnage:  1916 142 

Valuation  of  vessels 142 

Table  10. — Value  of  vessels — Per  cent  of  total,  by  class  and  character  of  construction:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 143 

Government  vessels 143 

Table  11: — Vessels  owned  and  operated  by  state  and  city  governments:  1916 143 

Fishing  vessels 143 

Table  12.— Fishing  vessels:  1916 144 

Income 144 

Table  13.— Gross  income:  1916  and  1906 144 

Freight 144 

Table  14. — Shipments  and  receipts  of  different  commodities,  with  per  cent  of  total  for  each  commodity:  1916, 1906,  and  1889. . .  144 

Tonnage  by  ports 145 

Table  15. — Shipments  and  receipts  of  freight  at  principal  ports  on  the  Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River,  with  per  cent  of 

total  shown  for  each  port:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 145 

Iron  ore 146 

Table  16.— L:on  ore  movement,  by  ports:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 146 

Coal - 146 

Table  17.— Coal  movement,  by  ports:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 146 

Lumber 147 

Table  18.— Lumber  movement,  by  ports:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 14; 

Grain 147 

Table  19. — Grain  movement,  by  ports:  1916 147 

Freight,  by  ports  and  commodities 147 

Table  20. — Shipments  and  receipts  at  principal  ports,  of  principal  commodities:  1916 148 

Passengers 148 

Table  21.— Passengers  carried:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 148 

Railway  car  ferries 149 

Table  22.— Car  ferries:  1916  and  1906 149 

Employees  and  wages 150 

Table  23. --Employees  and  wages,  by  class,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916  and  1906 150 

Ownership  of  vessels 1.50 

Table  24. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels,  by  character  of  ownership,  with  per  cent  in  each  class:  1916  and  1906. .  150 

Table  25. — Number  and  gross  tonnage  of  vessels,  by  character  of  ownership  and  by  occupation:  1916  and  1906 151 

Classification  of  vessels  by  occupation 151 

Table  26. — All  vessels,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels,  by  occupation,  with  per  cent  of  increase  and  of  total:  1916  and  1906 151 

Idle  vessels 151 

Table  27.— Idle  craft:  1916 151 

Character  of  propulsion  and  horsepower 152 

Canal  and  river  traffic 152 

Sault  Ste.  Marie  Canals 152 

Table  28.— Sault  Ste.  Marie  Canal  traffic:  1906  to  1916 152 

Table  29.— Comparison  of  traffic  of  the  Sault  Ste.  Marie  and  Suez  Canals:  1906  to  1916 153 

Detroit  River  traffic 153 

Table  30. — Commerce  passing  through  the  Detroit  River:  1906  to  1916 153 

Duluth-Superior 153 

Table  31.— Commerce  of  Duluth-Superior  Harbor:  1306  to  1916 153 

Table  32. — All  vessels,  by  class,  occupation,  and  ownership:  1916 154 

DIAGRAMS. 

Diagram  1. — Gross  tonnage  of  all  vessels,  by  classes:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 140 

Diagram  2.— Value  of  all  vessels,  by  classes:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 140 

Dia^am  3. — Gross  tonnage  of  all  vessels,  by  character  of  construction:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 141 

Diagram  4. — Value  of  all  vessels,  by  character  of  construction:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 141 

Diagram  5. — Net  tonnage  passing  through  the  Sault  Ste.  Marie  and  the  Suez  Canals:  1906  to  1916 153 

Map — Great  Lakes  transportation  routes 138 


8  CONTENTS. 

MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES. 

Scope  of  the  report 161 

General  summary 161 

Table  1.— All  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 ; 162 

Table  2.— All  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels,  per  cent  of  increase:  1889-1916  and  1906-1916 162 

Census  of  1880 163 

Table  3. — Merchant  steam  marine:  Rivers  of  the  Mississippi  Valley — Census  of  1880 163 

Table  4. — All  vessels  and  craft  operated  in  the  United  States  and  on  the  Mississippi  river  and  its  tributaries  separately,  with  per 
cent  those  operated  on  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries  form  of  the  total  for  the  United  States:  1916, 1906,  and 

1889 163 

Table  5. — Number  and  gross  tonnage  of  all  vessels  and  craft  operated  in  the  United  States  and  on  the  Mi&sissippi  River  and  its 
tributaries  separately,  by  occupation,  with  per  cent  those  on  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries  form  of  total 

for  the  United  States:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 164 

Construction 164 

Propulsion 164 

Kind  of  power  used 164 

Size 164 

Ownership 164 

Employees  and  salaries  and  wages 164 

Income 164 

Freight 164 

Passengers 164 

Ferryboats 164 

Other  classes  of  statistics 164 

Construction 164 

Table  6. — Number,  gross  tonn.age,  and  value  of  vessels,  by  character  of  construction  and  by  class  and  occupation:  1916  and  1906.  165 
Table  7. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels,  l)y  character  of  construction  and  by  class  and  occupation,  per  cent  of 

total:  1916  and  1906 '. 165 

Propulsion  and  power 166 

Table  8. — Number  and  gross  tonnage  of  vessels  propelled  by  machinery,  by  character  of  propulsion  and  by  occupation,  with  per 

cent  of  total :  1910  and  190G 166 

Table  9. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  horsepower  of  vessels  propelled  by  machinery,  by  occupation,  with  per  cent  of  total:  1916 

and  1906 166 

Table  10. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  horsepower  of  vessels  propelled  by  machinerj',  by  kind  of  power,  and  character  of  pro- 
pulsion, with  per  cent  of  total:  1916  and  1906 167 

Tonnage  of  vessels 167 

Table  11. — Vessels  grouped  according  to  gross  tonnage:  1916  and  1906 167 

Ownership 168 

Table  12. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels,  by  class,  ownership,  and  occupation,  with  per  cent  of  total:  1916  and 

1906 168 

Table  13.— Ownership  concentration :  1916  and  1906 169 

Employees  and  salaries  and  wages 169 

Table  14. — Employees  and  salaries  and  wages,  by  occupation  of  vessel,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916  and  1906 170 

Income 170 

Table  15. — Gross  income  of  all  vessels  and  craft,  by  source  of  income  and  by  occupation  of  vessel,  with  per  cent  of  increase  and 

per  cent  of  total:  1916  and  1906 170 

Freight 171 

Table  16. — Freight  shipments  and  lighterage,  by  class  and  river  system,  with  amoimt  and  per  cent  of  increase:  1916,  1906,  and 

1889 171 

Table  17. — Freight,  by  commodities,  with  amount  of  increase:  191G,  1906,  and  1889 171 

Table  18. — Freight  shipments  and  receipts,  by  river  systems  and  rivers,  with  per  cent  of  increase :  1916  and  1906 172 

Table  19. — Freight  shipments  and  receipts,  by  river  systems  and  rivers,  per  cent  of  total:  1916  and  1906 172 

Table  20. — Freight  sliipments,  by  commodities  (tons  of  2,000  pounds)  and  class  of  vessels:  River  systems,  1916  and  1906;  and 

rivers,  1916 173 

Table  21. — Freight  shipments,  per  cent  distribution,  by  class  of  vessels:  1916  and  1906 174 

Table  22. — Railway  car  freight,  by  commodities  (tons  of  2,000  pounds):  1916 175 

Table  23. — Per  cent  distribution  of  freight  shipments,  by  commodities:  1916  and  1906 175 

Table  24. — Freight  receipts,  by  commodities  (tons  of  2,000  pounds) :  River  systems,  1916  and  1906;  and  rivers,  1916 175 

Commerce  of  the  rivers 176 

Ohio  and  its  tributaries 176 

Freight 176 

Passengers 176 

Monongahela 177 

Allegheny 177 

Middle  Island  Creek 177 

Muskingum 177 

Little  Kanawha 177 

Kanawha 177 


CONTENTS.  9 

CJommerce  of  the  rivers — Continued. 

Ohio  and  its  tributaries — Continued.  Page. 

BigSaudy 17S 

Scioto j-g 

'       Kentucky jyg 

Green  and  Barren 17g 

Wabash  and  ^^■hite 17g 

Cumberland 17g 

Tennessee j79 

The  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries  (other  than  the  Ohio) I79 

Freight I79 

Lighterage jgO 

Passengers jgO 

Minnesota jgl 

St.  Croix Ig]^ 

R<^k 181 

Des  Moines Igl 

Illinois Igl 

Missouri Igl 

Hatchie 182 

St.  Francis Ig2 

White  and  Black  of  Arkansas Ig2 

Arkansas Ig2 

Yazoo  and  Sunflower Ig2 

Ouachita  and  Black  of  Louisiana,  Tensas,  and  Macon  Bayou 182 

Red 183 

Atchafalaya 183 

Lafourche 183 

Freight  movement — By  ports 183 

Table  25.— Freight  movement  (tons  of  2,000  pounds),  by  ports:  1916  and  1906 183 

Table  26.— Freight  and  harbor  work  for  ports  reporting  in  1916  a  total  of  over  100,000  tons:  1916  and  1906 184 

Table  27. — Freight  shipments  and  receipts,  by  commodities  and  by  ports,  and  total  freight  handled  by  ports:  1916 184 

Table  28. — Harbor  work,  by  river  systems,  1916  and  1906:  Rivers  and  ports,  1916 186 

Passengers 186 

Table  29.— Number  of  passengers,  by  river  systems,  with  per  cent  of  increase  and  per  cent  of  total:  1916,  1906,  1889,  and  1880. .  186 

Table  30. — Number  of  passengers,  by  class  of  vessels  and  by  river  systems  and  rivers:  1916 187 

Ferryboats 187 

Table  31. — Ferryboats,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 187 

Table  32. — Ferryboats,  by  river  systems:  1916  and  1906 188 

Table  33. — Ferryboats,  by  districts,  with  per  cent  in  each  district:  1916  and  1906 188 

Municipal  ferries 189 

Ya<hts 189 

Table  34.— Yachts— Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value,  by  character  of  power  and  river  systems:  1916  and  1906 189 

Table  35. — Yachts — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value,  by  character.of  propulsion  and  river  systems:  1916  and  1906 189 

Work  boats 189 

Table  36. — Work  boats — Derricks,  elevator,  diving,  and  pile-driving  boats,  by  river  systems:  1916  and  1906 190 

Table  37. — Work  boats — Dredges,  and  sand-pump  boats,  by  river  systems:  1916  and  1906 190 

Railway  shipping 190 

Table  38. — Craft  operated  in  connection  with  steam  railroads,  by  class:  1916  and  1906 190 

Table  39. — Craft  operated  in  connection  with  steam  railroads,  by  river  systems:  1916  and  1906 191 

Government  vessels 191 

State  and  city 191 

Table  40. — Vessels  owned  and  operated  by  state  and  city  governments:  1916  and  1906 191 

Federal 191 

Fishing  craft 191 

Table  41. — Fishing  vessels:  1916 191 

Idle  vessels 191 

Table  42.— Idle  vessels:  1916  and  1906 191 

Table  43. — All  vessels,  by  class,  occupation,  and  ownership:  1916 192 

DIAGRAMS. 

Diagram  1. — Gross  tonnage  of  all  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 162 

Diagram  2. — Value  of  all  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 - 163 

Diagram  3. — Gross  income  of  all  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 163 

Diagram  4. — Gross  tonnage  of  steam  and  unrigged  vessels,  by  character  of  construction :  1916  and  1906 - 165 

Diagrams. — Value  of  steam  and  unrigged  vessels,  by  character  of  construcrion:  1916  and  1906 165 

Dia:;;ram  6. — Gross  income  of  all  vessels  and  craft,  by  source  of  income  and  by  occupation :  1916  and  1906 170 


10  CONTENTS. 

CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLAND  WATERS. 

Fsgt. 

Scope  of  the  report 197 

General  summary 197 

Table  1. — All  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels:  1916  and  1906 197 

Table  2. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels,  by  class:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 198 

Table  3. — Per  cent  that  steam,  s?il,  and  unrigged  vessels  form  of  total:  1916  and  1906 198 

Table  4. — Per  cent  that  canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York  state  and  of  all  other  states  form  of  total,  for  all  vessels 

and  for  each  class:  1916  and  1906 198 

Idle  vessels 199 

Table  5. — Idle  vessels,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916  and  1906 199 

Table  6. — Vessels  propelled  by  machinery  operating  on  canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York  state  and  of  all  other 

states:  1916 199 

Table  7. — Vessels  propelled  by  machinery  operating  on  canals  of  New  York  state  and  of  all  other  states:  1916 200 

Table  8. — All  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels,  by  occupations,  with  per  cent  of  increase  and  per  cent  of  total: 

1916  and  1906 201 

Table  9. — Unrigged  vessels,  by  occupation,  with  per  cent  of  total:  1916  and  1906 201 

Number  and  tonnage  of  vessels 202 

Table  10. — Vessels  grouped  according  to  gross  tonnage,  by  division  and  class,  with  per  cent  of  increase:  1916  and  1906 202 

Ownership  of  vessels 202 

Table  11. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels,  by  character  of  ownership,  vrith  per  cent  of  total:  1916  and  1906 203 

Table  12. — Number  and  gross  tonnage  of  vessels,  by  character  of  ownership  and  by  occupation:  1916  and  1906 203 

Construction 203 

Table  13. — Number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels,  by  character  of  construction:  1916,  1906,  and  1889 204 

Table  14. — Canal  boats,  by  character  of  construction:  1916  and  1906 204 

Table  15. — ^Average  gross  tonnage  and  value  per  vessel  and  average  value  per  ton :  1916,  1906,  and  1889 205 

Income 206 

Table  16. — Gross  income — All  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels,  by  divisions  and  occupation,  with  per  cent  of 

increase:  1916  and  1906 206 

Employees  and  salaries  and  wages 207 

Table  17. — Employees  and  salaries  and  wages,  by  divisions:  1916  and  1906 207 

Character  of  propulsion  and  horsepower 207 

Table  18. — Character  of  propulsion  and  horsepower  of  vessels  propelled  by  machinerj-,  by  occupation:  1916  and  1906 207 

Freight 208 

Table  19.— Freight  shipped,  by  commodities:  1916  and  1906 208 

Freight  on  inland  waterways  of  New  York ; >.'. .  i 208 

Table  20.— Canals  of  New  York— Freight  carried,  by  canals:  1916  and  1906 208 

Table  21. — Canals  of  New  York — Way  and  through  freight,  carried  east  and  west,  by  commodities:  1916 209 

Table  22.— Canals  of  New  York— Freight  to  New  York  City,  by  commodities;  1916  and  1906 .,  209 

Table  23. — Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York  state — Freight,  by  commodities:  1916  and  1906 209 

Table  24. — Hudson  River  and  New  York  City — Freight  to  and  from  New  York  canals,  by  commodities:  1916  and  1906 —  210 

Table  25.— Hudson  River  traffic:  1916  and  1906 210 

Table  26. — Hudson  River  receipts  and  shipments  of  freight,  by  commodities:  1916  and  1906 211 

Traffic  with  Canada 211 

Freight  on  inland  waterways  of  states  other  than  New  York 211 

Table  27. — Freight  carried  on  canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  states,  exclusive  of  New  York,  by  commodities  and  by 

divisions  and  states:  1916 211 

Maine 212 

Freight  on  lakes  of  Maine:  1916 212 

New  Hampshire 212 

Vermont 212 

New  Jersey 212 

Freight  on  canals  of  New  Jersey:  1916 212 

Pennsylvania 212 

Freight  on  waterways  of  Pennsylvania:  1916 212 

Maryland 212 

Virginia 212 

Georgia 212 

Ohio 212 

Illinois 212 

Freight  on  canals  of  Illinois:  1916 212 

Wisconsin 213 

Freight  on  waterways  of  Wisconsin:  1916 213 

Minnesota 213 

Freight  on  waterways  of  Minnesota:  1916 213 

Missouri 213 

Louisiana 213 

Arkansas 213 

Montana 213 

Freight  on  lakes  in  Montana:  1916 213 


CONTENTS.  11 

Freight — Continued . 

Freight  on  inland  waterwaya  of  states  other  than  New  York — Continued.  Page. 

Idaho 213 

PVeight  on  waterways  of  Idaho:  191G 213 

Arizona 213 

Washington 213 

Oregon 213 

California 213 

Passengers 213 

Table  28. — Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York  state  and  all  other  states — Passengers  on  steam  vessels,  by  states: 

1916  and  1906 214 

Table  29. — Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York  state — Regular  and  excursion  passengers  on  steam  vessels,  by  canals  and 

lakes:  1916 214 

Congressional  appropriations 215 

Congressional  appropriations  for  the  survey,  improvement,  and  maintenance  of  the  harbors  and  tributary  streams  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  by  periods  and  localities 215 

Congressional  appropriations  for  the  survey,  improvement,  and  maintenance  of  Red  River  (of  the  North)  and  Warroad  Harbor 

and  River 215 

Table  30. — All  vessels,  by  class,  occupation,  and  ownership:  1916 216 

THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  INLAND  WATERWAYS. 

General  review 218 

North  Atlantic  division 219 

Massachusetts 219 

New  York 219 

New  Jersey 220 

Pennsylvania 220 

South  Atlantic  division 221 

Delaware 221 

Maryland 221 

Virginia 222 

West  Virginia 222 

North  Carolina 222 

South  Carolina 222 

Georgia 223 

Florida 223 

North  Central  division 224 

Ohio 224 

Indiana 224 

Illinois 224 

Michigan 225 

Wisconsin 225 

Minnesota 226 

Missouri 226 

South  Central  di\-ision 227 

Kentucky  and  Tennessee 227 

Alabama 227 

Mississippi 228 

Arkansas 228 

Louisiana 228 

Texas 228 

Western  division 229 

California 229 

Oregon  and  Washington 229 

Alaska 229 

DIAGRAMS. 

Diagram  1. — Gross  tonnage  of  vessels  propelled  by  machinery,  operating  on  canals  and  other  inland  waters:  1916 199 

Diagram  2. — Value  of  vessels  propelled  by  machinery,  operating  on  canals  and  other  inland  waters:  1916 200 

Diagram  3. — Gross  income  of  vessels  propelled  by  machinerj',  operating  on  canals  and  other  inland  waters:  1916 200 

Diagram  4. — Gross  income  and  source  of  income — All  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  ^•essels,  by  di%'ision:  1916  and  1906. . . .  206 

Diagram  5. — Gross  income — All  vessels  and  craft,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels,  by  division  and  occupation:  1916  and  1906 207 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Facing  page. 

Steamer  Agawam 90 

Steamer  James  Timpson 91 

Schooner  Dorothy  Palmer 92 

Steamer  Faith 126 

Steamer  City  of  Detroit  III 142 

Iron  ore  dock  at  Duluth,  Minn 143 

12 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


Depaktment  of  CoMirERCE, 

Bureau  of  the  Census, 
Washington,  D.  C,  October  9,  1919. 
Sir: 

I  transmit  herewith  the  report  containing  the  results  of  the  census  of  transportation  by  water. 
Tliis  census  was  taken  in  conformity  with  the  act  of  Congress  of  March  6,  1902,  as  amended  by  act  of 
June  7,  1906.     The  work  of  obtainmg  the  data  for  the  report  was  done  by  clerks  detailed  from  the  permanent 
force  of  the  bureau  and  by  correspondence,  the  statistics  being  secured  durmg  the  year  1917  and  covering  the 
calendar  year  1916. 

The  data  were  collected  and  the  report  prepared  under  the  supervision  of  Eugene  F.  Hartley,  chief  statis- 
tician for  manufactures.     Acknowledgment  is  also  made  of  the  services  of  the  following,  who  prepared  the 
tables  and  text  for  the  various  sections  of  the  report:  Frederic  G.  Swett,  F.  W.  Chase,  Francis  N.  Stacy,  Story 
B.  Ladd,  John  G.  Hawes,  and  Elmore  W.  Sanderson. 
Respectfully, 

Sam.  L.  Rogers, 

Director  oj  the  Census. 
To  Hon.  WiLLLiM  C.  Redfield, 

Secretary  oj  Commerce. 

13 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER:  1916 


United  States 

Atlantic  Coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico  . 

Pacific  Coast 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River 
Mississippi  River  and  Its  Tributaries 
Canals  and  Other  Inland  Waters 


Page. 

19 
89 

117 
137 
161 
197 


15 


UNITED  STATES 


lieSlS^"— 20 2  17 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER 

TAKEN  AS  OF  DECEMBER  31,  1916 


UNITED  STATES 


SCOPE    OF   THE    CENSUS. 

The  census  of  transportation  by  water  covers  the 
calendar  year  1916  and  includes  all  American  docu- 
mented and  xmdociunented  vessels  or  craft  of  5  tons 
net  register  or  over,  whether  propelled  by  machinery, 
by  the  use  of  sails,  or  unrigged.  In  addition  to  limit- 
ing the  vessels  included  in  the  census  to  those  with  a 
net  register  of  5  tons  or  over,  reports  were  not  secm-ed 
for  stationary  wharf  boats,  scows,  or  craft  vised  for 
storage  purposes  and  house  boats  without  propellmg 
machinery  used  largely  for  residential  purposes. 

No  reports  were  required  for  vessels  owned  by  the 
Federal  Government  or  for  vessels  under  foreign  reg- 
istry, even  if  the  latter  were  engaged  ia  commerce 
between  the  United  States  and  foreign  countries 

All  operations  of  American-owned  vessels  or  craft 
were  reqxured  to  be  reported,  whether  the  traiSc  was 
along  the  coast,  or  on  the  rivers,  lakes,  or  canals  of 
the  United  States  and  its  noncontiguous  territories, 
or  between  American  and  foreign  ports,  or  between 
foreign  ports  only. 

The  statistics  for  Alaska  for  1916,  as  in  1906,  are 
included  with  those  for  the  Pacific  coast.  Those  for 
Hawaii  and  Porto  Rico  are  given  separately,  but  are 
not  included  in  the  general  totals  for  the  United 
States.  Craft  operating  exclusively  in  the  waters  of 
the  PhUippine  Islands  or  between  Philippine  ports  and 
foreign  countries  were  not  reported. 

The  census  of  1916  includes  vessels  of  5  tons  or  over 
engaged  in  the  fisheries.  This  class  of  vessels  was  not 
taken  at  the  census  of  1906,  for  which  reason  the  sta- 
tistics for  fishiug  vessels  are  omitted  in  all  compara- 
tive tables  m  this  report,  but  are  shown  in  those  relat- 
ing solely  to  1916. 

Vessels  that  were  in  operation  diu-uig  the  whole  or 
any  part  of  the  year  are  classed  as  "active  craft"  as 
distinguished  from  those  that  were  "idle"  during  the 
entire  year.  The  general  tables  in  this  report  refer 
exclusively  to  "  active  craft."  The  statistics  for  "  idle 
vessels,"  which  are  shown  by  classes,  tonnage,  and 
value,  are  given  in  a  separate  presentation. 

The  managing  owners  of  a  number  of  vessels  of 
American   ownership   have   no    established   office   on 


land  at  which  census  data  can  be  obtained,  and  as 
such  craft  move  from  port  to  port  it  is  difficult  and 
sometimes  impossible  to  reach  them  through  the  mail. 
It  is  probable,  therefore,  that  a  few  of  these  vessels 
were  omitted  from  the  canvass.  In  the  aggregate, 
however,  these  omissions  were  insignificant  and  in  no 
way  impair  the  value  of  these  statistics. 

The  schedide  used  at  the  census  of  1916  contained 
inquiries  concemiag  the  character  of  ownership,  the 
class  of  the  craft  operated,  the  gross  and  net  tonnage, 
character  of  materials  from  which  constructed,  motrre 
power,  waters  in  which  operated,  terminal  pouits  of 
regular  routes,  commercial  value  of  the  craft,  gross 
income  for  the  year,  persons  employed  and  amount 
paid  in  salaries  and  wages,  number  of  passengers  car- 
ried, and  the  quantity  of  different  varieties  of  freight 
shipped  from  and  delivered  at  the  principal  United 
States  ports,  and  at  foreign  ports  as  a  whole. 

This  section  of  the  report  contains  a  summary  of  the 
statistics  for  the  United  States  as  a  whole,  and  pre- 
sents most  of  the  features  developed  by  the  schedule. 
The  details,  however,  for  each  of  the  five  divisions  (At- 
lantic coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  Pacific  coast,  including 
Alaska;  the  Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River;  the 
Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries;  and  Canals  and 
other  uiland  waters)  are  presented  in  greater  detail 
in  separate  sections  which  foUow  in  the  order  named. 

In  deference  to  the  wishes  of  the  shipownei-s,  and 
in  view  of  the  fact  that  it  was  impracticable  to  obtain 
definite  information  concerning  the  operating  expenses 
for  all  of  the  craft  included  in  the  census,  no  mquiries 
were  made  concerning  expenses  other  than  the 
amoimts  paid  in  salaries  and  wages.  The  primary 
object  of  the  census,  moreover,  was  to  show  the  mag- 
nitude of  the  transportation  interests  on  the  different 
waters  of  the  United  States,  and  it  was  beUeved  that 
this  could  best  bo  accomplished  by  a  simple  schedule 
appUcable  to  all  classes  of  craft,  without  attempting 
to  secure  data  covering  such  expenses  as  repairs,  new 
sails,  boilers,  engines,  etc.,  taxes,  insurance,  dockage 
charges,  depreciation,  etc.  Conclusions,  therefore,  in 
regard  to  profits  or  losses  can  not  fairly  be  made  from 
these  statistics. 

19 


20 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


The  statistics  for  1889  havo  been  omitted  from  many 
of  the  comparative  tables  of  tliis  report.  In  1889  re- 
ports for  tlie  several  divisioas  were  not  secured  on  a 
uniform  basis;  the  totals  for  some  included  pile  driv- 
ere,  dredges  and  the  necessary  scows,  while  others  did 
not,  and  the  Pacific  coast  was  the  only  division  which 
included  fisliing  vessels.  la  addition,  there  was  a 
lack  of  uniformity  in  reporting  income,  employees, 
wages,  passengers,  and  freight,  and  much  of  tliis  in- 
formation had  to  be  estimated  in  the  office.  It  is  evi- 
dent, therefore,  that  the  totals  for  1889  should  not  be 
used  for  exact  comparison  with  those  for  1906  and 
1016. 


STATISTICAL    SUMMARY. 

Table  1  shows,  by  classes  of  vessels  (steam,  sail, 
and  uimgged),  the  number,  gross  tonnage  and  value, 
the  gross  income,  number  employed  on  vessels  and 
total  salaries  and  wages,  the  number  of  passengers, 
and  tlio  net  tons  of  freight  carried,  uacluding  lighter- 
age or  harbor  work,  for  the  censuses  of  1916,  1906,  and 
1889.  As  previously  stated,  vessels  engaged  in  the 
fisheries,  for  which  reports  were  seciu-ed  in  1916,  are 
not  mcluded  in  any  of  the  comparative  tables  of  this 
report,  because  statistics  concerning  such  vessels  were 
not  secured  in  1906  or  1889. 


Table  1.— .\LL  VESSELS  AND  CRAFT,  EXCLUSIVE  OF  FISHING  VESSELS:  1916,  1906,  AND  1889. 


Ntmibcr  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnage 

Valuo  of  vessels 

Gross  Income 

Numter    employed    on 

vessels 

Wages 

Numlxir    of    passengers 

carried 

Freight  and  harbor  work 

(tons  of  2,000  pounds) '. 

Freight  carried 

Harbor  work  s 


1916 


37,894 
12, 249, 990 
$959,925,354 
$563,730,367 

153,301 
$103,235,534 

331,590,565 

381,352,926 
258,002,011 
123,350,315 


190C 


37,321 

12,893,429 
$507,973,121 
$294,854,532 

140,929 
$71,636,521 

366,825,663 

«265,545,8M 
« 177,519,758 
88,026,046 


1889' 


30,485 

8, 359, 135 

«20l>,9a2,352 

=$161,994,066 

'113,870 
'$41,482,812 

198,992,438 

129,S51,ri58 
(') 
(') 


STEAM  (rNCLUnES  CRAFT  PROPELLED 
BV  MACUINEKY). 


14,  581 

6,097,562 
$802,155,109 
$524,238,639 

139,264 
$95, 838, 913 

331, 589, 698 

194, 248, 794 

187,862,129 

6,386,005 


1906 


1S89 


9,927 

4,059,521 

$388,772,727 

$262,167,342 

115,525 
$61,265,474 

366, 800, 748 

(') 


5,603 

1,710,073 

$131,567,427 

'$113,715,700 

< 70,347 
'$28,521,220 

198,992,438 

(') 
(M 
(') 


SAIL  (mClUDES  SCHOONER 
BARGES,  ETC.), 


1916 


3,002 
1,171,174 

$60,550,495 
$39,497,728 

14,037 
$7,396,621 

867 

16,877,349 
16,782,009 


7,131 

1,704,277 
$56,206,145 
$32,687,190 


1906 


1889 


I 


7,945 

1,675,706 

$53,192,972 

$48,278,366 


25,404        '43,  ,523 
$10,371,047  '$12,961,592 


24,915 

(') 
(') 
(') 


0) 


UNRIGQED. 


1916 


20,311 

4,981,254 

$97,219,760 

« 

h 

(>) 

170,226,783 
53,358,473 
116,868,310 


1906 


20,263 
7,12',l.i;31 
$64,994,249 

(') 


1S89 


16,937 
4,973,356 
$22,231,953 
(») 


« 


!') 


J  Includes  52  craft  with  a  gross  tonnage  of  2,553,  valued  at  $75,360,  for  which  no  report  was  made  for  income,  employees,  wages,  number  of  passengers  and  freight  carried. 
sExclusivo  of  income  fur  canal  boats, 
3  Included  instatistics  forsteara  vessels. 

'  Kxchisivo  of  employees  and  wages  on  canal  boats,  and  employees  and  wages  on  yachts  on  the  Atlantic  coast. 

Q  Statisti'^s  for  freight  not  strictly  comparable.    The  total  for  1916  is  exclusive  of  80,048  tons  of  freight  carried  on  fishing  vessels .    Such  craft  were  not  fully  reported  by 
the  Census  Ulhco  at  prior  censuses. 

*  Includes  2,003,453  net  tons  of  bunker  coal. 

^  Figures  not  available. 

'^  Exclusive  of  harbor  work  on  the  Great  Lake^,  in  1906. 


The  total  active  fleet  of  the  United  States  in  1916, 
■exclusive  of  fisliing  vessels,  numbered  37,894  vessels 
with  a  gross  tonnage  of  12,249,990  and  a  valuation  of 
$959,925,364.  Although  there  was  a  decrease  of 
643,439,  or  5  per  cent,  in  the  tonnage  during  the  10 
years  from  1906  to  1916,  the  increase  in  valuation, 
$451,952,243,  or  89  per  cent,  is  marked.  The  increase 
in  valuation  was  due  to  the  great  demand  for  tonnage 
created  by  the  war. 

The  gross  income  of  the  vessels  reported  for  1916 
was  $563,736,367  as  compared  with  $294,854,532  in 
1906,  an  increase  of  $268,881,835,  or  91.2  per  cent. 
The  number  of  passengers  carried  shows  a  decrease  of 
35,235,098,  or  9.6  per  cent.  This  decrease  was  due 
chiefly  to  the  reduction  in  ferry  travel  in  New  York 
City  district  caused  by  the  construction  of  bridges 
and  tunnels,  or  tubes,  since  1906.  The  total  shown  for 
1916,  331,590,565,  is  larger  than  that  given  by  the 
Supervising    Inspector    General  of    the  Steamboat- 


Inspection  Service  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1916.' 
The  census  report  covers  the  calendar  year  1916  and 
includes  the  number  of  passengers  carried  on  vessels 
that  are  not  required  by  law  to  report  such  data  to  the 
Steamboat-Inspection  Service. 

The  increase  in  quantity  of  freight  carried,  including 
harbor  work,  dm-ing  the  10  years  was  115,807,122  net 
tons,  or  43.6  per  cent.  The  percentage  of  increase 
was  slightly  more  for  actual  freight  than  for  harbor 
work. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  for  the  27  years  shown 
in  the  table,  1889  to  1916,  there  was  an  increase  of 
7,409,  or  24.3  per  cent,  in  number  of  vessels;  of 
3,890,855,  or  46.5  per  cent,  in  gross  tonnage;  and  of 
$752,933,012,  or  363.7  per  cent,  in  their  value. 

Percentages  of  increase,  based  on  the  figures  in 
Table  1,  1889  to  1916,  and  1906  to  1916,  are  given  in 
Table  2. 

'  Report  to  the  Secretary  of  Commerce,  p.  22. 


UNITED  STATES. 


21 


Table  2. — All  Vessels   and   Craft,    Exclusive    op   Fishing 
Vessels,  Per  Cent  of  Increase:  1889-1916  and  1906-191G. 


The  decreases  from  1906  to  1916  which  seriously 
aiTect  the  totals  sho^vn  in  the  table  for  the  United 
States  for  all  craft  combined,  with  two  exceptions,  the 
tonnage  of  imrigged  craft  and  the  number  of  passen- 
gers carried  by  steam  vessels,  are  due  to  the  decline 
in  the  tonnage  of  sailing  vessels.  The  only  increases 
shown  for  sailing  vessels  are  in  value  and  in  gross  in- 
come, due  to  the  exceptional  demand  for  tonnage  in 
1916.  The  reduction  in  number  of  passengers  car- 
ried, as  already  explained,  was  practically  due  to  local 
ferry  conditions  in  the  New  York  City  district.  The 
loss  in  unrigged  tonnage  was  confined  to  two  divi- 
sions— the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries,  and 
Canals  and  other  inland  waters,  located  chiefly  in  the 
former  division. 


1  A  minus  sign  ( — )  denotes  decrease. 
Table  3.— ALL  VESSELS  AND  CRAFT,  BY  OCCUPATION,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL:  1916. 


PER   CENT  OF  I^'CREASE  1. 

Total. 

Steam. 

Sail. 

Unrigged. 

1906- 
1916 

1889- 
1916 

19«6- 
1916 

1889- 
1916 

1906- 
1916 

1889- 
IUI6 

1906- 
1916 

1889- 
1916 

Number  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnage     

1.5 
-5  0 
SU  0 
91.2 

8.8 
44.1 

-9.6 

43-6 
45.3 
40.1 

24. 3 

41-,.  5 

363.7 

24S.0 

34.6 
148.9 

66.6 
193.7 

46.9 
5f>.2 
107.4 
100.0 

20.5 
56.4 

-9.6 

160.2 
256.6 
609.  7 
361.0 

98.0 
236.0 

66.6 

-57.9 

-31. 3 

7.7 

20.8 

-44.7 
-28.7 

-96. 5 

-62.2 

-30.1 

13  8 

-18.2 

-67.7 
-42.9 

0.2 

-30. 1 

49.6 

19.9 
0.2 

337.3 

Number  employed  on 

Wages 

Number  of  passengers 

Freight     and     harlor 
work   (tons  of  2,W)0 

P^riight  carried 

1 

1 

OCCUPATION. 


United  States 

Commercial  vessels 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tug  and  other  towing  vessels 

Fishing  vessels 

Ferryboats 

Municipal 

Railroad 

Another 

Unrigged  craft 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Num- 
ber. 


43,110 


37,546 


7,719 

3,fS9 

5,216 

Cll 

40 

114 

457 

20,311 

4,354 
1,210 


rer 
cent 

of 
total. 


100.0 


87.1 


17.9 
8.6 

12.1 
1.4 
0.1 
0.3 
1.1 

47.1 

10.1 
2.8 


Gross  tons. 


12,395,236 


12,203,070 


0,588,707 
26),  135 
145,246 
224,328 
25,230 
123,054 
76,044 
4,981,254 

123,007 
68,559 


Per 

cent 

of 

total. 


98.5 


53.2 
2.1 
1.2 
1,8 
0  2 
1.0 
0.6 

40.2 

1.0 
0.6 


VALUE  OP  VESSELS. 


$979,388,033 


930,568,484 


735,748,786 
61,909,495 
19,403,269 
23,227,174 

2,755,322 
13,WiO,175 

6,811,677 
97, 219, 760 

35,387,656 
13, 432, 493 


Per 

cent 

of 

total. 


100.0 


<J5. 0 


75.1 
5.6 
2.0 
2.4 
0.3 
1.4 
0.7 
9.9 

3.6 
1.4 


QBOSS  INCOME. 


.\mount. 


$.5.59, 124,, 'S.S7 


S,s;j,347, 144 


423,900,259 
39, 620, 4S7 
25, 388,  .'520 
15,414,979 
1,317,773 
8, 232, 051 
5,865,152 
78,950,899 

207,747 
5, 569, 990 


Per 

cent 

of 

total. 


100.0 


99.0 


72.0 
0.7 
4.3 
2.6 
0  2 
1.4 
1.0 

13.4 

(■) 
0  9 


EMPLOYED  ON 

VESSELS. 


Number. 


179,276 


108, 702 


92, 247 

23,476 

25,975 

4,282 

670 

1,708 

2,004 

22,782 

6,772 
3,742 


Per 

cent 

of 

total. 


100.0 


94.1 


51.5 

13.1 

14.5 

2.4 

0.3 

1.0 

1.1 

12.7 

3.8 
2.1 


111.5,110,891 


108,389,194 


01,700,501 

15,929,057 

11,875,357 

3,947,836 

638,785 

1,877,0.15 

1,431,406 

14,809,843 

3, 0S3, 538 
3,038,159 


Per 

cent 

of 

total. 


94.2 


S3. 7 
13.8 
10.3 
3.4 
0.6 
1.6 
1.2 
12.9 

3.2 

2.6 


'  I.ess  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


All  but  12.9  per  cent  of  the  total  number  and  1.6 
per  cent  of  the  total  tonnage  of  the  vessels  reported 
for  1916,  including  those  engaged  in  fishing,  were 
commercial  vessels.  The  noncommercial  vessels  rep- 
resented yachts,  launches,  miscellaneous  craft,  etc. 

The  commercial  vessels,  whether  classed  as  freight 
and  passenger,  tugs,  fishing  craft,  ferryboats,  or 
unrigged  craft,  were  engaged  directly  or  indirectly 
in  the  transportation  of  freight  and  passengers  or  in 
the. fisheries.  Their  tonnage,  12,203,670,  represented 
98.5  per  cent  of  the  total  for  all  classes. 

The  regular  freight  and  passenger  craft  formed  53.2 
per  cent  of  the  total  tonnage  for  all  classes.  Their 
value,  however,  was  of  much  greater  relative  impor- 
tance, contributing  75.1  per  cent  of  the  whole,  while 
the  gross  income  formed  72  per  cent  of  the  total. 
The  number  of  employees  was  51.5  per  cent  of  the 
total,  and  their  salaries  and  wages  formed  53.7  per 
cent  of  the  total  for  all  craft. 

In  number,  the  unrigged  craft  formed  47.1  per  cent 
of  the  whole  and  their  tomiage  40.2  per  cent;  their 
value,  however,  was  but  9.9  per  cent.  The  gross 
income,  number  employed  on  vessels,  and  salaries 
and  wages  shown  for  imrigged  craft  formed  small  pro- 


portions of  the  totals  in  this  table.  This  condition, 
however,  is  due,  in  part,  to  the  fact  that  the  compen- 
sation for  freight  carried  or  lightered  was  sometimes 
credited  to  the  tug  or  craft  doing  the  to'wing.  Similar 
conditions  pertain  also  to  employees  on  the  unrigged 
craft  and  their  salaries  and  wages. 

STEAM    VESSELS. 

All  craft  propelled  by  machinery— steam,  gasoline, 
electricity,  or  other — are  included  in  the  total  for 
steam  vessels  in  the  comparative  tables.  Craft 
equipped  with  sails  but  having  auxiliary  propelling 
machinery  are  likewise  included.  The  occupations 
of  these  vessels  are  various,  among  them  being  freight 
and  passenger  service,  towing  in  harbor  and  other 
waters,  and  ferriage.  Yachts,  although  used  for 
pleasure  only,  are  also  included.  Craft  classed  as 
"miscellaneous"  in  the  table  include  such  as  are 
utilized  principally  in  wrecking  operations,  pile 
driAong,  dredging,  police  and  patrol  duty,  dispatch 
and  mail  service,  taking  out  fishing  and  pleasure 
parties,  etc.  Table  4  shows  the  number,  gross  ton- 
nage, and  value  of  steam  vessels,  by  occupation,  with 
per  cent  of  increase,  for  both  1916  and  1906. 


22 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  4. — Steam  Vessels,'  ExcLUsn'E  of  Fishing  Vessels,  by 
Occupation,  with  Per  Cent  op  Increase  and  Per  Cent  of 
Total:  1916  and  190G, 


OCCUPATION     AKD     CENSUS 
YEAR. 

Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Cross 
tonnage. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Total: 

1916 

14,5.S1 
9,927 

46.9 

100.0 
100.0 

6,097.562 
4,059,621 

50,2 

100.0 

100.0 

$.802, 155, 109 
386,772,727 

107.4 

100.0 

1906 

Per  cent  of  in- 

crcasi> 

Freight  and  passenger: 

1916 

6,302 

3,615 

48.3 

3,689 

3.079 

19.8 

611 
536 
14.0 

3,785 

2,176 

73.9 

1,134 
521 

117.7 

30.8 
36.4 

25.3 
31.0 

4.2 

5.4 

26.0 
21.9 

7.8 
52 

5,432,353 

3,411.588 

59.2 

264, 135 

201,375 

1.1 

224,328 

201.073 

-14.1 

111,620 

82.275 

35.7 

65,126 

43,210 

60.7 

89.1 
84.0 

4.3 
6.4 

3.7 

6.4 

1.8 
2.0 

1.1 
1.1 

077,475,337 

286.218,089 

136.7 

54,909,495 

39,062,249 

40.6 

23,227,174 

29.57S,3.S0 

-21.5 

33,447,143 

24,281,801 

37.7 

13,095,960 

7,632,148 
71.6 

1906      

74.0 

Per  cent  of  increase.. 
Tngs  and  other  towing  ves- 
sels: 
i;il6 

6  8 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase . . 
Forryboats: 

1916 

2  9 

1906 

7  6 

Per  cent  of  increase " . 
Yachts: 

1916 

4  2 

1906      

6  3 

Per  cent  of  increase. . 
Miscellaneous: 

1916 

1906 

2  0 

Per  cent  of  increase. . 

1  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 
'  A  minus  sigu  (~)  denotes  decrease. 


Percentages  of  increase  arc  shown  throughout  this 
table  except  for  ferryboats,  which  decreased  in  gross 
tonnage  and  value.  There  was  an  increase  in  1916 
over  1906  in  the  proportion  of  the  total  number  of 


vessels  contributed  by  each  of  the  five  classes,  except 
for  tugs  and  for  ferryboats.  For  gross  tonnage  and 
for  value,  however,  the  only  class  showing  an  increased 
proportion  was  the  freight  and  passenger. 

At  the  census  of  1916,  as  well  as  that  of  1906,  a 
little  more  than  one-third  of  the  total  number  of 
steam  vessels  were  regular  freight  and  passenger 
steamers.  Their  proportion  of  the  total  tonnage  in 
1906  was  84  per  cent  which  in  1916  had  increased  to 
89.1  per  cent;  while  their  value,  which  at  the  earlier 
census  formed  74  per  cent  of  the  total,  at  the  later 
had  risen  to  84.5  per  cent.  Although  tugs  and  other 
towing  vessels  increased  in  number,  tonnage,  and 
value  during  the  10  years,  there  was  a  decided  de- 
crease in  their  proportion  of  each  of  these  totals. 
The  dechne  in  the  proportion  of  the  ferryboat  class 
is  explained  in  connection  with  Tables  14  and  15. 
Although  yachts  increased  considcrablj^  in  number, 
tonnage,  and  value  between  1906  and  1916,  their 
proportion  of  the  total  tonnage  and  total  value  of  all 
classes  of  steam  vessels  combined  was  less  in  1916 
than  at  the  prior  census. 

The  number,  gross  tonnage,  value,  gross  income, 
number  of  employees  on  vessels,  and  their  salaries 
and  wages  for  steam  vessels,  by  geographic  divisions, 
are  shown  in  Table  5  for  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


Table  5.— STEAM  VESSELS,'  BY  DIVISIONS,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE 

:  1916,  1906, 

AND  1889. 

DIVISION  AND  CENSUS  YEAR. 

Number 
of 

vessels. 

Cross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 

vessels. 

Gross  income. 

Number 
employeil 
on  vessels. 

Wages. 

Total: 

1916 

14,  FM 
9,927 
6,603 

6,097,562 
4,059,521 
1,710,073 

$802,  l.W,  109 
3X6, 772, 727 
131,567,427 

$445,287,740 

262,167,342 
li:i,715,700 

116,482 
115,525 
70,:!47 

$80  969  070 

1906 

61,265,474 

1889 : 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico: 

1916 

8,347 
6,413 
2,536 

2,123 

1,066 

465 

1,837 
1,676 
1,467 

1,700 

1,435 

972 

574 
337 
163 

46.9 
160.2 

2,828,953 

1,457,894 

741,770 

710,360 
618, 107 
160,293 

2,410,4.30 

1,915, 7S6 

695,813 

119,963 
146,227 
192,974 

27,S.';6 
21,507 
19,223 

50.2 
256.6 

517,410,317 
193,926,327 
65,618,640 

105,987,697 
60,440,145 
14,767,356 

162,2.';6,3S5 
110,983,812 
40,868,824 

13,143,0.'i4 
13,196,770 
9,622,608 

3,357,6% 

2,22,1,67:! 

790,000 

107.4 
609.7 

285,871,084 
139,717,909 
57,034,216 

66,855,181 
40,220,388 
12,959,914 

79,505,305 
60,933,528 
27, 223, 207 

11,502,672 
17,342,038 
16,331,872 

1,553,498 

3,95:!,  479 

166, 491 

69.8 
291.6 

,'59,799 

58,470 

2  30,528 

18,500 
15,661 
6,682 

24, 163 
22,0.^8 
10,908 

12,509 
1,5,016 
15,951 

1,611 

3,720 

213 

0.8 

65.6 

43,029,076 

31,064,945 

2  13,284,325 

15,232,382 
10,230,8Z8 
3,567,226 

17,027,341 
12,318,174 
6,294,188 

5,091,681 
5,692,117 
6,337,185 

6a8,690 

1,369,410 

•38,296 

32  2 

1906 

1889 

Pacific  coast  (including  .\laslta): 

1916 

1906 

1889 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River: 

1916 

1906 

1889 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries: 

1916 

1906 

1889 

All  other  inland  waters: 

1916 

1906 

1889 

PEE  CENT  OF  INCEEASE.' 
Total: 

1906-1916 

1.S89-1916 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico: 

1906-1916 

54,2 
229.1 

99.2 
356.6 

9.6 
25.2 

18.5 
74.9 

70.3 
252.1 

94.0 
281.4 

37.1 
343.2 

25.8 
304.6 

-18.0 
-37.  S 

29.5 
44.9 

166.8 
689.7 

75.4 
817.7 

38.7 
297.0 

-0.4 
36.6 

50.9 
325.0 

104.6 
401.2 

66.2 
415.9 

30.5 
192.0 

-33.7 
-29.6 

-60.7 
(') 

2.3 
95.9 

18.1 
176.9 

6.6 
42.4 

-16.7 
-21.6 

-59.4 

36.9 
223.9 

48.9 
327.0 

33  2 

1889-1916 

Pacific  coast  (includhig  Alaska): 

1906-1916 

1889-1916 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River: 

1906-1916 

1889-1916 

170.6 

-10.  S 
-  4.6 

-66.7 
(') 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries: 

1906-1916 

WSO-lOW ... 

All  other  inland  waters: 

1906-1916 

18S9-1916 

*  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

3  The  employees  and  wages  for  yachts  were  not  reported. 
>  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 

*  Income,  number  of  employees,  and  wages  were  not  reported  for  canal  boats  at  the  census  of  1S.S9,  and  therefore  the  percentage  of  increase  is  not  given. 


UNITED  STATES. 


23 


The  growth  in  number  of  vessels  has  been  contmuous 
in  each  geographic  division  since  1889.  The  percent- 
ages of  increase  shown  for  the  27  years,  1889  to  1916, 
in  this  table,  however,  should  be  accepted  with  the 
qualification  previously  mentioned,  that  the  statistics 
for  1889  are  not  strictly  comparable  with  those  for  1906 
and  1916.  The  gross  tonnage  and  value  of  vessels  in 
each  division,  except  for  the  Mississippi  River  and  its 
tributaries,  show  contmuous  growth.  In  this  division 
there  was  a  decrease  from  1906  to  1916  of  18  per  cent 
in  tormage  and  a  slight  decrease,  four-tenths  of  1  per 
cent,  in  value.  "All  other  inland  waters "  shows  de- 
creases in  gross  income,  nmnber  employed  on  vessels, 
and  salaries  and  wages,  but  with  these  exceptions,  the 
divisions  have  steadily  increased  in  each  of  the  several 
important  details  covered  by  the  table. 

During  the  10  years  from  1906  to  1916  the  gross  in- 
come of  steam  vessels  in  the  Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf 
of  Mexico  division  increased  $146,153,175,  or  104.6  per 
cent;  in  the  Pacific  coast,  $26,634,793,  or  66.2  per  cent; 
and  in  the  Great  Lakes,  $18,571,777,  or  30.5  per  cent. 

The  relative  importance  of  steam  vessels  in  each  of 
the  five  divisions  at  the  censuses  of  1916,  1906,  and 
1889  is  shown  in  Table  6. 


Table  6. — Steam  Vessels,'  Per  Cent  in  Each  Division:  1916, 
1906,  AND  1889. 


PEE  CENT 

OF  TOTAL. 

• 

DIVISION  Jl.tfD  CENSUS  TEAR. 

Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Value 
of  ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
in- 
come. 

Num- 
ber em- 
ployed 
on  ves- 
sels. 

Wages. 

Total: 

1916 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

1906 

100.0 

ia89 

100.0 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  ot  Mex- 
ico: 
1916 

67.2 
54.5 
45.3 

14.6 
10.7 
8.3 

12.6 
16.9 
26.2 

11.7 
14.5 
17.3 

3.9 
3.4 
2.9 

46.4 
35.9 
43.4 

11.6 
12.8 
9.4 

39.5 
47.2 
34.8 

2.0 
3.6 
11.3 

0.5 
0.5 

1.1 

64.5 
50.1 
49.8 

13.2 
15.6 
11.2 

20.2 
30.2 
31.1 

1.6 
3.4 
7.3 

0.4 
0.6 
0.6 

64.2 
53.3 
50.2 

15.0 
15.3 
11.4 

17.9 
23.2 
23.9 

2.6 
6.6 
14.4 

0.3 

1.5 
0.1 

51.3 
60.6 
43.4 

15.9 
13.6 
9.5 

2a7 

19.6 
24.1 

10.7 
13.0 
22.7 

1.3 
3.2 
0.3 

5.1.1 

1906 

51.7 

1889 

46.6 

Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska): 
1916     

18.8 

1906 

16.7 

1889 

12.5 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence 
Eiver: 
1916 

21.0 

1906 

20.1 

1889 

Mississippi  Kiver  and  its  tribu- 
taries: 
1916..            

22.1 
6.3 

1906 

9.3 

1889  .                

18.7 

AH  other  inland  waters: 

1916 

0.7 

1906   . 

2.2 

1889 

0.1 

'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


Diagram  1.— GROSS  TONNAGE  OF  STEAM,  SAIL,  AND  UNRIGGED  VESSELS,  BY  DIVISIONS:  1916, 1906,  AND  1889. 


ATLANTIC    COAST    AND   GULF    OF    MEXICO 

191 
lOOi 


"SS^^S^ 


24 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


T.U.I. B  7.— STEAM,  SAIL,  AND  UNRIGGED  VESSELS,  BY  DIVISIONS,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE:  1916,  1906, 

AND  1S89. 


I'lMSION  AND   CENSUS  YEAR. 


Total: 
1915. 
1906. 
1889. 


Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico: 

1916 

1906 

18S9 

Pacific  coa-st  (including  Alaska): 

1916 

1906 

1889 

Great  Lalccs  and  St.  Lawrence 
River: 

1916 ; 

1900 

1889 

Mississippi  River  and  itstributarie?: 

1916 

1906 

1889 

\1I  other  inland  waters: 

1916 

1906 

1889 


Num- 
ber of 
vesseLs 


37, 894 
:)7,321 

30,485 


PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE. - 


Total: 

1906-1916. 
1889-1916. 


Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico: 

1906-1916 

1889-1916 

Pacific  coast  (including  Alaslfa): 

1906-1916 

1889-1916 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence 
River: 

1905-1916 

1889-1916 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries: 

1906-1916 

1889-1916 , 

All  other  inland  waters: 

1906-1916 

1889-1916 


21,658 
20,032 
12,238 

4,092 
2..M7 
1,635 


2,856 
2,990 
2,737 

7, 2.39 
9,622 
7,300 

2,049 
2,140 
6,575 


1.5 
24.3 


8.1 
77.0 


61.3 
150.3 


-4.5 
4.3 


-24.8 
-0.8 


-4.3 

-68.8 


Gross 
tonnage. 


12,240,990 

12,893,429 

8,359,l:l5 


6,508,617 
4,.S51,421 
2,658,445 

1,185,961 
977,687 
419, 157 


2,737,491 

2,392,863 

920,294 

1,621,495 
4,411,967 
3,364,610 

196,426 
259,491 
996, 629 


-5.0 
46.5 


34.2 
144.8 


21.3 
182.9 


14.4 

197.6 


-63.2 
-51.8 


-24.3 
-80.3 


Value  of 
vessel.s. 


$9.59,925,364 
507,973,121 
206,992,3.52 


629,074,203 
273,105,915 
116,012,002 

127,310,616 
76,622,6:i3 
21,824,040 


174,76.5,526 
130,805,640 
48, 580. 174 

23. 030,. 503 
22,8.52,112 
14,407,162 

5,744,486 
4,586,791 
6, 138, 914 


89.0 
363.7 


130.3 
442.1 


66.2 
483.4 


33.6 
259.7 


0.8 
59.9 


2.5.2 
-6.4 


Num- 
ber (»f 
vessel.'^ 


9,927 
5,603 


8,347 
5,413 
2,636 

2,123 

1,006 

465 


1,837 
1,676 
1,407 

1,700 

1,435 

972 

674 
337 
163 


46.9 
160.2 


51.2 
229.1 


99.2 
356.6 


25.2 


18.5 
74.9 


70.3 
252. 1 


Gross 
tonnage. 


6, 097,  .562 
4.059,521 
1,710,073 


2,828,953 

1,457,894 

741,770 

710,360 
518,107 
160, 293 


2,410,430 

1,915,780 

595,813 

119,963 
146,227 
192,974 

27,856 
21,507 
19, 223 


50.2 
256.6 


94.0 
281.4 


37.1 
343.2 


25.8 
304.6 


-18.0 
-37.8 


29.5 
44.9 


Value  of 

vessels. 


$802,1,5.5,109 
386,772,727 
131,567,427 


517,410,317 
193,926,327 
65,518,040 

105,987,697 
60,  WO,  145 
14,767,3.55 


162, 2.56,  .3,55 
110,98.3,812 
40,868,824 

13,143,054 

13,196,770 
9,622,008 

3,3.57,686 
2,22.5,673 


107.4 
609.7 


166.8 
689.7 


75.4 
617.7 


38.7 
297.0 


-0.4 
36.6 


60.9 
326.0 


Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 


3,002 
7, 131 
7,945 


2,  .539 
5,920 
6,277 

296 
606 
081 


162 
5:il 
962 


Gross 
tonnage. 


1,171,174 
1,701,277 
1,675,706 


803,426 
l,l:!2,005 
1,293,192 

222,  WO 
305, 283 
195, 508 


145, 4.50 
205,, 571 
185,081 


-57.9 
-62.2 


-57.1 
-69.6 


-55.6 
-56.6 


-69.5 
-83.2 


258 

618 

1,926 


-31.3 
-30.1 


-29.1 
-37.9 


-27.3 
13.6 


-45.2 
-21.4 


-.50.2 
-73.1 


Value  of 
vessels. 


$60,  .550, 495 
56,206,145 
53,192,972 


42,930,897 
37,520,903 
42,686,982 

13,2.59,661 
11,533,171 
6,231,340 


4,351,287 
7,135,271 
4,238,850 


8,6.50 
lO.SOO 
36,800 


7.7 
13.8 


14.4 
0.6 


15.0 
112.8 


-39.0 
2.7 


-48.5 
-76.6 


Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 


20,311 
20, 263 
16,937 


10,772 
8,699 
3,426 

1,673 

805 
489 


857 
7S3 
308 

5,539 
8,187 
6,328 

1,470 
1,7S9 
6,387 


0.2 
19.9 


23.8 
214.6 


107.8 
242.1 


9.5 
178.2 


-32.3 

-12.5 


-17.8 
-77.0 


Gross 
tonnage. 


4,981,2.51 
7, 129, 631 
4,973,:).',0 


2,876,238 

2,260,022 

623, 483 

2.53,561 
164, 297 
63,356 


181,611 
211,506 
139,400 

1,601,532 

4,265,740 
3,171,636 

168,312 
237,466 
975,481 


-30.1 
0.2 


27.2 
361.3 


64.3 

300.2 


-14.1 
30.3 


-64.8 
-62.7 


-29.1 
-82.7 


Value  of 
vessels. 


68, 732, 989 

41,6.58,686 

7,837,440 

8,063,288 

4,649,317 

825,345 


8,1.57,884 
6,686,557 
3, 472, 600 

9,887,4-19 
9,6.5,5,372 
4,781,551 

2,378,150 
2,344,318 
6,312,111 


49.6 
337. 3 


65.0 
770.0 


73.4 
877.0 


22.0 
134.9 


2.4 

106.7 


1.4 
-55.2 


*  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


'  A  minus  sign  (  — )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100. 


The  fact  should  not  be  lost  sight  of  in  connection 
with  the  following  discussion  of  Table  6,  that  the  per- 
centages show  only  the  different  ratios  of  growth  for 
each  division,  and  must  not  be  confused  with  the  actual 
figures  for  the  several  totals. 

Nearly  two-thirds  of  the  total  value  and  the  gross 
income  in  1916  are  shown  for  the  Atlantic  coast  and 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  which  reported  little  more  than  one-half 
of  the  employees  and  of  the  salaries  and  wages  paid. 
While  these  proportions  are  increases  over  both  of 
the  preceding  censuses,  the  advances  are  specially 
marked  in  value  of  vessels  and  income.  The  Great 
Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River  division  is  second  in  all 
these  particiilars,  the  proportion  of  its  gross  income, 
however,  decreasing  from  nearly  one-fourth  of  the 
total  for  all  divisions  in  1906  to  less  than  one-fifth  in 
1916.  The  Pacific  coast  ranks  third  in  the  pro- 
portions shown  in  Table  6,  which,  although  consider- 


ably greater  in  all  particulars  than  in  1889,  show 
slight  decreases  in  1916,  as  compared  with  1906,  in 
tonnage,  value  of  vessels,  and  income.  Decreases  in 
the  proportions  of  each  item  shown  in  the  table  for 
the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries  have  been 
continuous  since  1889,  wliile  the  division  "All  other 
inland  waters,"  although  increasing  its  small  proportion 
of  gross  income,  employees,  and  salaries  and  wages 
from  1889  to  1906,  since  the  latter  year,  shows  a  retro- 
grade movement. 

A  presentation  of  the  number,  tonnage,  and  value 
of  steam  vessels,  for  1916,  1906,  and  1889,  compared 
with  the  sail  and  unrigged  craft,  is  made  for  the 
United  States  and  by  divisions  in  Table  7,  with  per- 
centages of  increase  or  decrease. 

The  relative  importance  of  the  different  divisions  at 
the  censuses  of  1916,  1906,  and  1889  is  shown  in  Table 
8  on  the  next  page. 


UNITED  STATES. 


25 


Diagram  2.— VALUE  OP  STEAM,  SAIL,  AND  UNRIGGED  VESSELS  BY  DIVISIONS:  1916,  1006,  AND  1S89. 

ATLANTIC     COAST    AND    GULF    OF     MEXICO 

1806 


Table  8— STEAM,  SAIL,  AND  UNRIGGED  VESSELS,  WITH  PER  CENT  IN  EACH  DIVISION:  1916,  1906,  AND  1889. 


1                        = : 

sus 

STEAM.' 

sAn,. 

tniBIGGED. 

DmsION  AND  CENSUS 
YEAB. 

STEAM.  1 

SAn.. 

OTIEIGGED. 

DrVISIOK  AND  CEN 
TEAR. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Value 
of 
ves- 
sels. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Value 
of 
ves- 
sels. 

Num- 
ber Of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Value 
of 
ves- 
sels. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Value 

of 
ves- 
sels. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Value 
of 

ves- 
sel s- 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Value 
of 

ves- 
sels. 

Total: 

1916 

100.0 
100. 0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
lOO.O 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100. 0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100. 0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

Great  Lakes  and  St. 
Lawrence  River: 
1916 

12.6 
16.9 
26.2 

11.7 
14.5 
17.3 

3.9 
3.4 
2.9 

39.5 
47.2 
34.8 

2.0 
3.6 
11.3 

0.5 
0.5 
1.1 

20.2 
30.2 
31.1 

1.6 
3.4 
7.3 

0.4 

0.6 
0.6 

5.4 
7.4 
12.1 

12.4 
15.6 
11.0 

7.2 
12.7 
8.0 

4.2 
3.9 
1.8 

27.3 
40.4 
27.4 

7.2 

a8 

37.7 

3.6 
3.0 
2.8 

30.1 
59.8 
63.8 

3.4 
3.3 
19.6 

1906 

8.4 

1889 

1906 

10.3 

Atlantic  coast  and 
of  Mexico: 
1916 

Gulf 

57.2 
64.5 
45.3 

14.6 

10.7 
8.3 

46.4 
35.9 
43.4 

11.6 
12.8 
9.4 

64.5 
50.1 
49.8 

13.2 
15.6 
11.2 

84.6 
83.0 
79.0 

9.9 

68.6 
66.5 
77.2 

19.0 

70.9 

66.8 
80.2 

21.9 
20.5 
11.7 

53.0 

42.9 
20.2 

8.2 
4.0 
2.9 

57.7 
31.7 
12.5 

5.1 
2.2 
1.3 

70.7 
64.1 
35.3 

8.3 
7.2 
3.7 

Mississippi  River  and 
its  tributaries: 
1916    

ia2 

1906 

1906 

14  9 

1889 

1889 

21  5 

Pacific  coast    (inoli 
Alaska): 

iding 

All  other  inland  waters: 
1916 

0.2 
0.2 
0.3 

0.1 

a 

2.4 

1916 

1906 

3  6 

1906 

9.3    17.9 
8.6    11.7 

18S9 

23.9 

1S89 

>  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


<  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


26 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Although  the  vessels  classed  as  steam  increased 
their  proportion  of  the  total  number  of  all  classes  of 
vessels  from  26.6  per  cent  in  1906  to  38.5  per  cent  in 
1916,  more  than  one-half  of  the  total  number  of  craft 
were  unrigged  at  both  censuses.  In  tonnage,  how- 
ever, that  for  steam  vessels  formed  49.8  per  cent  of  the 
total  for  all  craft  in  1916  as  compared  with  40.7  per 
cent  for  the  unrigged.  At  both  these  censuses  the 
value  of  the  steam  vessels  was  much  greater,  both 
absolutely  and  relatively,  than  that  for  any  other 
class,  being  76.1  per  cent  of  the  whole  in  1906  and 
83.6  per  cent  in  1916.  Sailing  vessels  formed  the 
smallest  proportion  in  every  detail  shown  in  the  table, 
decreasing  from  19.1  per  cent  of  the  number  in  1906 
to  7.9  per  cent  in  1916;  from  13.2  per  cent  of  the 
tonnage  to  9.6  per  cent;  and  from  11.1  per  cent  of  the 
value  in  1906  to  6.3  per  cent  in  1916. 

Absolute  increases  from  1906  to  1916  in  all  of  the 
details  reported  in  Table  7  for  steam  and  unrigged 
vessels  are  shown  for  the  Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  for  the  Pacific  coast,  and  for  the  Great  Lakes, 
except  for  gross  tonnage  of  unrigged  vessels  in  the 
last-named  division.  The  percentage  of  increase  m 
number  of  steam  vessels  during  the  10-year  period 
was  highest  for  the  Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska) , 
and  the  relative  increases  for  unrigged  craft  are 
greatest  also  for  this  division. 

The  Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico,  for  the 
three  census  years  covered  by  Table  8,  had  the 
largest  proportion  of  the  number,  tonnage  (except  in 
1906),  and  value  of  steam  vessels,  its  leadership  in 
these  respects  increasing  from  1889  to  1916.  For  in- 
stance, this  division  reported  45.3  per  cent  of  the 
number  of  steam  vessels  in  1889  and  57.2  per  cent  in 
1916.  The  Pacific  coast  also  increased  its  proportion 
of  the  total  number  of  steam  vessels  from  8.3  per  cent 
in  1889  to  14.6  per  cent  in  1916.  In  the  other  details 
for  steam  vessels  there  was  an  increase  in  the  pro- 
portions reported  for  these  two  divisions,  and  for  the 
Pacific  coast  an  increase  in  the  proportion  in  all  de- 
tails for  sailing  vessels  also,  the  other  divisions,  ex- 
cept the  Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River,  showing 
a  decline  in  all  details  for  unrigged  craft  and  in  ton- 
nage of  steam  vessels.  The  proportion  of  the  total 
tonnage  of  steam  vessels  reported  for  the  Great  Lakes 
division,  however,  decreased  from  1906  to  1916,  but 
was  greater  in  1916  than  in  1889  by  4.7  per  cent. 


UNRIGGED   CRAFT. 

Table  9  shows  the  number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value 
of  unrigged  craft,  for  canal  boats,  and  for  all  other 
unrigged  vessels,  for  1916  and  1906,  with  percentages 
of  increase  and  per  cent  of  total. 

Table  9. — Unrigged  Vessels,  by  Occttpatiom,  with  Per  Cent 
or  Inckease  and  Per  Cent  of  Total:  1916  and  190G. 


OCCUP.\TIOX  AND  CEN.^US 
YEAR. 

Niim- 
ber  of 

vessels. 

Per 

cent  of 
total. 

Cross 
tonnage. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Valne  of 
vessels. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Total: 

1916 

20,311 
20.263 

0.2 

100.0 
100.0 

4,981.254 
7,129,631 

-30.1 

100.0 
100.0 

$97.21fl.7fi0 
64,994,249 

49.6 

100.  n 

1906 

100.0 

Per  cent  of 
increase ' . . 



Canal  boats: 

lOlB 

1,,501 
2,237 

-32.9 

IS.SIO 
18,020 

4.3 

7.4 
11.0 

92.6 
89.0 

198,120 
303,581 

-34.7 

4,783,134 
6,826,050 

-29.9 

4.0 
4.3 

96.0 
95.7 

2.202,7.';2 
2,962,197 

-2.5.  4 

95.017.008 
62,042,052 

53.1 

2.3 

1906 

4.5 

Per    cent    of    in- 

All  other  unrigged: 

Ifllii 

97.7 

1906 

95.  5 

Per    cent    of   in- 

I  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 

The  total  number  of  unrigged  craft  at  the  censuses 
of  1906  and  1916  exceeded  the  total  for  steam  and 
sail  combined.  The  tonnage  for  the  imrigged  was 
similarly  greater  in  1906,  but  because  of  the  large  de- 
crease in  tonnage  between  the  two  censuses,  it  was 
second  to  steam  in  1916.  It  is  a  noticeable  coincidence 
that  the  actual  decrease  in  the  tonnage  of  imrigged 
vessels  was  about  the  same  as  the  increase  for  the 
steam  vessels. 

The  reduction  in  number  and  tonnage  of  canal  boats 
is  due  largely  to  the  decrease  of  such  boats  reported 
from  the  Erie  Canal  of  New  York  state.  This  canal 
has  been  imder  enlargement  for  some  years  and  in  the 
meantime  there  has  been  a  decreasing  number  of  sea- 
worth}^  boats  suitable  for  canal  service.  A  consider- 
able number  also  that  were  formerly  used  on  the  canal 
have  been  withdrawn  from  this  service  and  used  in 
New  York  Harbor.  A  more  complete  analysis  and 
explanation  will  l)o  found  in  the  discussion  of  Table  2 
of  the  section  on  "Canals  and  other  inland  waters." 

The  reduction  in  tonnage  of  "  all  other  unrigged  "  in 
the  United  States  is  due  to  the  remarkable  decrease 
in  the  Mississippi  River  division,  which  is  explained 
in  the  text  following  Table  1  of  the  special  section  for 
that  division. 


UNITED  STATES. 


27 


Table  1  of  the  special  section  on  canals  shows  that 
for  recent  years  unrigged  boats  used  exclusively,  or 
for  the  most  part,  on  canals  have  been  a  decreasing 
factor  in  connection  with  water-borne  trafhc. 

The  vessels  classed  as  "all  other  unrigged"  consist 
of  barges,  scows,  etc.,  used  for  transporting  coal  and 
other  freight  between  coast  ports  as  well  as  on  lakes 
and  rivers  and  between  points  within.  They  are  used 
also  in  loading  or  unloading  steamers  and  other  craft 
which  do  not  come  to  the  wharves,  but  receive  cargoes 
in  midstream,  or  lying  off  the  coast. 

Lighterage  or  harbor  work  is  an  imjiortant  part 
of  freight  transportation,  amounting  in  1916  to 
123,350,315  tons  for  the  entire  country.  There  are 
no  figiu-es  strictly  comparable  for  1906,  as  the  total 
for  that  year,  estimated  at  88,026,046  tons,  did  not 
include  lighterage  on  the  Great  Lakes.  The  total  for 
1916,  omitting  the  Great  Lakes,  was  117,262,269  tons. 
The  lighterage  for  the  Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  most  of  which  was  reported  for  the  harbor  of 
New  York,  amounted  to  101,267,073  tons  in  1916, 
compared  with  75,151,085  in  1906. 

Unrigged  craft  generally  are  towed,  and  in  such  cases 
the  income  from  freight  carried  or  lightered  was  often 
credited  to  the  tug  or  towing  vessels.  The  same 
method  was  adopted  for  the  employees  and  their 
wages,  since  comparatively  few  employees  remain  on 
barge  or  lighter,  but  usually  operate  with  tug  and 
tow.  A  better  luiderstanding,  therefore,  of  the  in- 
come for  unrigged  and  towing  vessels  will  be  found 
in  Table  43,  where  the  two  classes  are  combined. 

SAILING    VESSELS. 

Table  10  shows  the  number,  gross  tonnage,  and 
value  of  sailing  vessels,  classified  as  freight  and  pas- 
senger, yachts,  and  miscellaneous,  with  percentages 
of  increase  and  per  cent  of  total,  1916  and  1906. 

Included  in  this  class  are  not  only  the  large  vessels — 
ships,  barlsB,  barkentines,  brigs,  schooners,  and  the 
like — but  all  other  craft  propelled  by  or  fitted  with 
sails,  whether  pleasure  yachts  or  boats  devoted  to 
miscellaneous  purposes,  such  as  piloting,  policing, 
wrecking,  etc. 

The  sailing  vessels,  which  as  a  class  show  decreases 
in  most  items,  present  similar  conditions  when  shown 
by  what  may  be  termed  their  occupation.  With  the 
single  exception,  that  the  value  of  those  engaged  in 
freight    and    passenger    service    shows    an    increase, 


decreases  prevailed  in  all  other  details  contained  in 
the  table.  The  general  loss  appears  greatest  rela- 
tively among  the  boats  devoted  to  miscellaneous 
purposes,  nearly  four-fifths  in  number  and  more 
than  one-half  in  tonnage.  The  actual  loss  in  number 
and  in  tonnage  was  naturally  greatest  in  freight  and 
passenger  vessels,  while  the  greatest  actual  decrease 
in  value,  $2,228,740,  was  for  yachts.  Much  of  the 
decrease  in  sailing  yachts,  no  doubt,  is  due  to  the 
installation  of  auxiliary  power  since  1906,  thus  placing 
them  imder  steam  vessels  in  the  comparative  tables. 
Owing  to  the  great  demand  for  freight  and  passenger 
vessels,  the  value  of  such  vessels  was  $6,857,693  more 
in  1916  than  in  1906,  notwithstanding  a  decrease  of 
2,824  in  their  number  and  516,508  in  tonnage. 

Table  10. — Sail  Ves.sels,  by  Occupation,  with  Per  Cent  of 
Increase  and  Per  Cent  of  Total:  1916  and  1906. 


OCCVP.VTION  AND  CEN3U3 
YEAR. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Total: 

1916 

3,002 
7,131 

-57.9 

100.0 
100.0 

1,171,174 
1,704,277 

-31.3 

100.0 
100.0 

?60,550,495 
58,206,145 

7.7 

100.0 
100.0 

1906 

Per  cent  of  in- 
crease ' 

FreiRht  and  passenger: 
1916 

2,357 

5,181 
-54.5 

569 
1,694 
-64.3 

76 

356 

-78.7 

78.5 
72.7 

19.0 
22.4 

2.5 
5.0 

1,156,  ,354 

1,672,862 
-30.9 

11.387 
24, loo 
-52.9 

3,433 

7,260 
-52.7 

98.7 
98.2 

1.0 
1.4 

0.3 
0.4 

58.273.449 

61,415,756 
13.3 

1,940,513 

4,169.253 

-53.5 

336.533 

621.136 

-45.8 

96  2 

1906 

91   5 

Per  cent  of  increase ' 
Yachts: 

1916 

3  2 

1906 

7  4 

Per, cent  of  increase ' 

Miscellaneous: 

1U16 

1906 . . 

1  I 

Percent  ofincrease' 

'  A  minus  sign  (  — )  denotes  decrease. 

Decreases  in  the  number  of  sailing  vessels  and  in 
the  total  amount  paid  in  wages,  which  were  notable 
during  the  17  years  from  1889  to  1906,  as  shown  in 
Table  1,  were  even  greater  during  the  10  years  suc- 
ceeding. At  both  census  periods  there  was  an  in- 
crease in  the  value  of  sailing  vessels.  There  was  also 
a  gain  in  the  gross  income  of  sailing  vessels  of  20.8 
per  cent  during  the  10-year  period  1906-1916. 

Table  11  shows  the  number,  gross  tonnage,  value, 
gross  income,  number  of  employees,  and  salaries  and 
wages  for  sailing  vessels,  by  divisions,  with  per  cent 
ofincrease,  1916,  1906,and  1889,  and  Table  12  shows 
the  per  cent  in  each  division  for  the  different  items 
given  in  Table  11. 


28  TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 

Table  11.— SAIL  VTISSELS,'  BY  DIVISIONS,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE:  1916,  1906,  AND  1889. 


mVlSTON  AND  CENSUS  TEAR. 

Number 

ot 
vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Gross 
income. 

Number 
employed 
on  vessels. 

Wages. 

Total: 

1916 

3,002 
7,131 
7,945 

1,171,174 

1,704,277 
1,675,706 

t60,550,495 
56,206,145 
53,192,972 

M9, 497, 728 
32,687,190 
48,278,366 

14,037 
25,404 
43,523 

17,396,621 

1906 

1889    

12,961,592 

Atlantic  coast  and  Oult  ol  Me.tieo: 

1916                           

2,539 
6,920 
6,277 

296 
666 
681 

162 
531 

962 

5 
14 
25 

-57.9 
-62.2 

803,426 
I,132,it05 
1 , 293, 192 

222,  WO 
;iai,2.83 
195,508 

145,450 

26.5,571 
185,081 

258 

518 

1,925 

-31.3 
-30.1 

■12,930,897 
37,520,903 
42,685,982 

13,259,661 
11,533,171 
6,231,340 

4,351,287 
7,13.5,271 
4,238,850 

8,650 
16,800 
36,800 

7.7 
13.8 

29,818,908 
20,042,015 
33,113,416 

8,065,860 
s. 299, 751 
6,912,824 

1,611,810 
4,341,174 
8,240,645 

1,1.90 
4,2.50 
11,481 

20.8 
-18.2 

9,592 

18,664 
» 33,097 

3,562 
4,4S1 
4,633 

878 
2,258 
5,758 

6 
11 
35 

-44.7 

-67.7 

5  042  552 

1906 

6  687  314 

1839                 

2  8  838  774 

Pacific  coast  (including  Ala.ska}: 

1916 

1,6.88,208 

1906 

1889  

2,313,195 

Oreat  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River: 

1916 

1906    , 

909  542 

18S9                                .    .                                                      . 

1,1*1,003 
1,280 

All  other  inland  waters: 

1916 

1906 

18S9 .                     

5,620 

2S  7 

PER  CENT  OF  ISCREA-tE.' 

Total: 

1906-1916 

42  9 

Atlantic  coast  and  OuU  of  Mexico: 

1906-1916 

-57.1 
-59.6 

-55.6 
-56.5 

-69.5 
-83.2 

-29.1 
-37.9 

-27.3 
13.6 

-45.2 
-21.4 

-50.2 

-86.6 

14.4 
0.6 

15.0 
112.8 

-39.0 
2.7 

-48.5 
-76.5 

4.8,8 

-  9.9 

-  2.8 
16.7 

-62.9 
-80.4 

-72.9 
-90.0 

-4.8,6 
-71.0 

-20.5 
-23.1 

-61. 1 
-84.8 

21.6 

1889-1916             

—40  7 

Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska): 

37.9 

1&S9-1916 

—27.0 

1906-1916           

51  7 

—74.2 

All  other  inland  waters: 

1906-1916 

21.0 

1SS9-I916 

-77  2 

1  Includes  schooner  barges,  etc. 

«  The  employees  and  wages  for  yachts  were  not  reported . 


»  A  minus  sign  (  — )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100. 


Table  12. 


-Sail  Vessels,  Per  Cent  ik  Each  Division:  1916, 
1906,  AND  1889. 


MVISION  AND  CENSUS  li-EAR. 

Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Value 

of 
vessels. 

Gross 
in- 
come. 

Num- 
ber em- 
ployed 

on 
vessels. 

Wages. 

Total: 

ini6        

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

lOO.O 
lOO.O 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

1P06 

100.0 

1889 

100.0 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  ot  Mex- 
ico: 
1916 . 

84.6 
83.0 
79.0 

9.9 
9.3 

8.6 

5.4 

7.4 

12.1 

0.2 
0.2 
0.3 

68.6 
66.5 
77.2 

19.0 

17.9 
11.7 

12.4 
15.6 
11.0 

(') 
(') 
0.1 

70.9 
66.8 
80.2 

21.9 
20.5 
11.7 

7.2 
12.7 
8.0 

(') 
'1^.1 

7.5.5 
61.3 
68.0 

20.4 
25.4 
14.3 

4.1 
13.3 
17.1 

(') 
(') 

C) 

68.3 

73.4 
76.0 

25.4 
17.6 
10.6 

6.3 
8.9 
13.2 

I'] 
0.1 

70  9 

1906 

64.5 

1889 

68.2 

Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska): 

1916 

22.8 

1906 

26.2 

1889                        .    . 

17.8 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence 
River: 
1916 

6.3 

1906 

9.3 

1889  .                        

13  9 

All  other  inland  waters: 

1916 

(') 

1906 

1889.. 

C) 

'  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

The  greatest  absolute  decreases  from  1906  to  1916 
in  the  number  and  tonnage  of  sailing  vessels,  3,381 
and  329,479,  respectively,  are  shown  for  the  Atlantic 
coast  and  Gidf  of  Mexico  division,  but  the  Great 
Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River  shows  the  greatest  pro- 
portionate decrease  in  number,  69.5  per  cent,  while  "All 
other  inland  waters"  shows  a  decrease  in  tonnage  of 
50.2  per  cent.  Increases  of  $5,409,994  and  S9,776,893, 
representing  14.4  and  48.8  per  cent,  respectively,  in 
the  value  and  gross  income  of  vessels  operating  on  the 


Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico  are  noteworthy, 
smce  tliey  represent  the  only  gams  sho^vn  in  the  table 
for  this  period,  except  one  of  $1,726,490,  or  15  per  cent, 
in  the  value  of  vessels  reported  from  the  Pacific  coast 
(including  Alaska) . 

The  actual  decrease  in  value  of  sailing  vessels  during 
the  10-year  period  1906  to  1916  was  greatest  in  the 
Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River,  $2,783,984,  or 
39  per  cent.  The  absolute  loss  in  gross  income, 
$2,729,364,  or  62.9  per  cent,  was  greatest  also  in  this 
division.  The  greatest  relative  decreases  in  the  num- 
ber employed  on  vessels  and  their  wages,  61.1  and  51.7 
per  cent,  respectively,  are  shown  for  the  Great  Lakes. 

At  none  of  the  three  censuses  were  sailing  vessels 
reported  for  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries 
and,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  table,  those  on  inland  waters 
other  than  the  Great  Lakes,  classed  as  ".^Ul  other  in- 
land waters,"  have  been  increasingly  insignificant. 

Naturally,  because  of  its  extensive  coast  line  and 
important  harbors,  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  division 
shows  much  the  greatest  proportion  of  sailing  vessels. 
The  proportion,  however,  for  the  Pacific  coast  shows 
a  general  increase  at  each  census  since  that  of  1889. 

SCHOONER    BARGES. 

These  vessels,  although  fitted  with  sails,  in  their 
uses  differ  little  from  the  ordinary  barges  used  for 
handling  freight,  smce  they  are  still  dependent  upon 
their  tow,  the  chief  use  of  the  sails  being  for  their  pro- 


UNITED  STATES. 


29 


tection  in  case  of  breaking  away  from  the  tugs,  or 
perhaps,  with  a  fair  wind,  adding  something  to  the 
speed  of  the  tow. 

The  statistics  for  schooner  barges  are  shown  sepa- 
rately in  Table  13  for  1916  and  1906: 

Table  13.— Schooner  Bakges:  191G  axd  190fi. 


Total. 

Atlantic 
coa.st  and 
1      Gulf  of 
Mexico. 

Pacific 
coast  (in- 
cluding 
Alaska). 

Great 
Lakes  and 
St.  Law- 
rence. 
River. 

Number  of  vessels: 

1916 

381 
olS 

409,563 
492,697 

$19.  .520. 874 
$13,263,423 

2,026 
2,300 

$1,107,775 
$1,115,138 

309 
389 

312.827 
323,618 

$16. 274. 554 
$7,497,833 

1,481 
1,458 

$798,648 
$721,911 

13 

9 

5,469 
9,077 

$437,000 
$491,  706 

79 

59 

1906 

117 

Gross  tonnage: 

1916 

91.267 

1906...            .  ... 

160,002 

Value  of  vessels: 

1916 

$2.  809. 320 

1906 

$5,273,884 

Number  employed  on  vessels: 

1916... 

4fW 

1906... 

74  1                768 

Wages: 

1916 

$50. 246         $2.58, 881 

1906 

$53,024         SMO.Wl 

At  the  census  of  1906  there  were  515  schooner 
barges  reported  for  the  coimtry  as  a  whole,  and  in 
1916  but  381.  There  was  a  decrease  of  80  on  the 
Atlantic  and  Gidf  coasts  and  58  on  the  Great  Lakes, 


but  a  small  increase  of  4  on  the  Pacific  coast,  making 
a  net  decrease  of  134  for  the  entire  country.  The 
gross  tonnage  of  this  class  shows  a  decrease  of  83,134 
tons  from  1906  to  1916.  Of  this  decrease,  68,735 
tons  were  reported  for  the  Great  Lakes,  while  that 
for  the  Atlantic  coast  was  but  10,791  tons.  The 
Pacific  coast  also  shows  a  loss  of  3,608  in  this  tonnage, 
notwithstanding  the  small  gain  in  number  of  such 
vessels.  Although  the  value  of  vessels  is  more  or 
less  a  fluctuating  figure,  it  is  noticeable  that  while  the 
value  of  schooner  barges  on  the  Great  Lakes  and  St. 
LawrenceRiver decreased  S2,464,564,  or  46.7  per  cent, 
the  value  of  these  barges  on  the  Atlantic  coast  in- 
creased S8,776,721,  or  117.1  per  cent. 

In  connection  with  the  statistics  for  schooner  barges, 
it  is  suggested  that  barges  reported  as  unrigged  in 
1906  may  have  been  fitted  with  sails  in  1916,  while 
others  having  sails  and  classed  as  schooners  in  1906 
may  have  been  dismasted  and  reported  as  barges  at 
the  later  census. 

FERRYBOATS. 

Table  14  presents  the  general  statistics  for  ferry- 
boats, by  divisions,  for  1916,  1906,  and  1889,  with 
percentages  of  increase. 


Table  IJl.— FERRYBOATS,  BY  DIVISIONS.  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE:  1916.  1906,  AND  1889. 


. 

Num- 
ber of 
vessels.! 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

GEOS3  ISCOME. 

Num- 
ber cm- 
ployed 

on 
vessels. 

Wages. 

Number  of 

Total.       j  Passenger. 

All  other 
sources. 

carried.! 

Total: 

1916                                                                         

611 
536 
456 

224,328 
261,073 
146,104 

$23,227,174 
29,578,3.10 
10  442.7.50 

$15,414,979 
17,291,073 

$10,223,408 

10,414,106 

(») 

$5,191,571 

6,876,967 

(=) 

4,282 
4,319 
(2) 

$3,917,836 
3,537,180 

(!1 

292  177  374 

1900 

330,737,639 

1889                          .       .                                      

185  rtt.1  991 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mesdco: 

1916 

262 
270 
214 

76 
47 
38 

43 

48 
40 

213 

166 
163 

17 
5 

1 

11.0 
34.0 

153,818 
162,834 
98, 174 

51,480 

40,171 
24,630 

7,264 

35,581 

4,702 

11,263 
22,180 
18,593 

503 

307 
5 

-14.1 
53.5 

14,664,863 
19,970,460 
7,907,700 

6.607,936 

4,315,522 

979,300 

874,675 

3,429,532 

498,000 

1,014,950 
1,776,360 
1,036,250 

64,750 

86.  .500 

1,500 

-21.5 
122.4 

10,318,.5.59 
10, .571, .534 
5,392,969 

3,259,556 

4,2aS,430 

994,476 

718,215 
922,838 
(') 

1,060,470 
1,553,121 
1,1%,  817 

58,179 
35,150 
(') 

-10.9 

6,671,823 
7,386,913 

3,646,736 
3,184,621 

2,549 
2,388 
1,710 

825 
759 
478 

312 
656 
(') 

572 
699 
893 

24 
17 
(') 

-5.2 

2,437,826 
2,098,540 
1,276,847 

961,080 
708, 777 
395, 157 

186,745 
308,156 
(') 

346,116 
413,553 
436,676 

13,069 
8,154 
(») 

11.6 

218,045,127 
272, 596, 670 

1906    

1889 

158,644,012 

48,2S0,569 
39,532,354 

Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska): 
1916 

2,216,001 
2,037,580 

1,043,555 
2,170,830 

1906 

1889    ... 

14,291,859 
13,290,770 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River: 

1916                                 -                            

684,180 
456,856 
(')  . 

631,113 
498,747 

31,035 

465,982 

429,357 
1,054,374 

1906 

8,264,482 
623,474 

12,390,740 

1&89                                                               

Mis.sissippi  River  and  its  tributaries: 

1916    

1906 

10,022,612 

1839.                  

8,474,646 

All  other  inland  waters: 

1916 

20,291 
34,010 

-1.8 

37,888 
1,140 
(') 

-24.5 

170,168 

1906        ...                                                  .... 

321,521 

1889 

(») 

PEE  CENT  OF  IXCREASE.' 

Total: 

1906-1916 

—11.7 

1889-1916 

60. 5 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mctico: 

1906-1916                          .                            

-3.0 
22.4 

-5.5 
56.7 

28.2 
109.0 

-79.6 
54.5 

-49.2 
-39.4 

63.8 

(') 

-26.6 
85.3 

53.1 
574.8 

-74.5 
75.6 

-42.9 
-3.9 

-25.1 

(') 

-2.4 
91.3 

-22.5 
227.8 

-22.2 

-9.7 

14.5 

6.7 
49.1 

8.7 
72.6 

-52.4 

16.2 
90.9 

36.0 
144.0 

-39.4 

-20.0 

1889-1916 

37.4 

PaciBc  coast  (including  .-Vlaska): 
1906-1916 

8.8 

-51.9 

22.1 

1889-1916 

237.8 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River: 

1906-1916 

49.8 

-92.7 

eas 

18S9  1916          .          .                                       

(') 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries: 

1906-1916     

28.3 

-31.7 
-11.4 

65.5 

26.3 

-59. 3 

-18.2 
-35.9 

-16.3 
-24.2 

60.3 

23.6 

30  7 

46.2 

All  other  inland  waters: 

1906-1916                                                                                         

-40.3 

3,223.5 

-47.1 

lafiQ-igiA                                                                                               n^i 

" 

»  Car  ferries,  on  which  the  cars  containing  the  passengers  were  carried,  were  often  included  with  ferryboats  in  1906.    In  1916  this  class  was  included  with  freight  and 
passenger  vessels. 

2  Not  reported  separately  for  ferryboats  in  1SS9. 

'  A  minus  sign  ( — )  denote.-;  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100. 

<  Percentages  omitted  where  figures  are  known  not  to  be  comparable. 


30 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


At  the  census  of  1916  statistics  for  car  ferries — that 
is,  ferryboats  carrying  loaded  passenger  cars  from  one 
point  to  another  ou  through  raih-oad  lines — have  been 
included  -w-ith  the  statistics  for  freight  and  passenger 
vessels.  In  1906  such  passengers  were  often  included 
with  those  for  regular  ferryboats;  comparison,  there- 
fore, in  this  respect  with  totals  for  1906  should  be 
accepted  with  this  understanding. 

The  figm-cs  in  Table  14  show  decreases  from  1906 
to  1916  in  the  totals  for  the  United  States  in  all  partic- 
ulare,  except  number  of  ferryboats  and  salaries  and 
wages  of  employees.  Diu-ing  this  period  there  was  a  de- 
crease of  38,560,265,  or  11.7  per  cent,  in  the  total 
number  of  feny  passengers  earned.  This  loss  is 
wholly  attributable  to  decreases  in  the  number  re- 
ported for  the  Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico  and 
for  "All  other  inland  waters,"  since  the  other  divisions 
show  increases  in  this  respect.  The  decrease  is  no 
doubt  due  to  the  underharbor  and  imderriver  tunnels 
and  to  bridges  placed  in  operation  since  1906.  The 
two  divisions  named  show  a  total  decrease  of  54,702,- 
896  passengers,  of  which  54,551,543,  or  99.7  per  cent, 
were  reported  for  the  Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of 
Mexico. 

NotwithstancUng  the  pronounced  decrease  shown 
for  the  Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico,  this  division 
reported  74.6  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  ferryboat 
passengers  and  66.9  per  cent  of  the  gross  income. 
In  1906  these  proportions  were  82.4  and  61.1  per  cent, 
respectively.  The  average  receipt  per  passenger  in 
1916  was  about  3  cents;  in  1906  it  was  a  httle  less 


than  3.  These  rates  are  much  lower  than  those  shown 
for  any  other  division  in  either  year.  Tlie  average 
rate  for  the  Pacific  coast,  including  Alaska,  was  about 
5  cents  for  1916  and  a  little  more  than  5  for  1906; 
for  the  Great  Lakes  and  St.  LawTence  River,  about  5 
for  the  later  year,  compared  with  5^  for  the  earlier; 
for  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries,  practi- 
cally 5  cents  at  both  censuses;  and  for  "All  other  in- 
land waters,"  nearly  12  and  11  cents,  respectively. 
These  averages,  of  course,  show  only  in  the  most  gen- 
eral way  the  differences  in  rates  between  the  several 
divisions. 

It  miist  be  remembered  that  various  classes  of  fer- 
ries are  iiacluded  in  these  figures,  those  operated  by 
municipalities,  as  well  as  those  operated  by  corpora- 
tions or  other  organizations,  and  those  also  under  in- 
dividual ownership. 

As  sho^\^l  in  Table  3,  the  ferrj'boats  owned  and  oper- 
ated by  railroad  companies,  exclusive  of  those  operat- 
ing on  thi-ough  traffic  routes,  transporting  cars  as 
well  as  passengei-s,  numbered  114,  with  a  gross  ton- 
nage of  123,054,  a  valuation  of  $13,600,175,  and  a 
gross  income  of  $8,232,054.  The  number  of  passen- 
gers carried  by  these  raih'oad-owned  ferries  in  1916, 
although  not  showni  in  Table  3,  was  182,542,819. 
Statistics  for  such  ferries  were  not  showia  separately  at 
the  census  of  1906. 

Some  of  the  decreases  shouai  by  geographic  divisions 
in  Table  14  are  more  closely  localized  in  Table  15, 
which  shows  details  for  five  important  municipal  dis- 
tricts and  for  "all  other  districts,"  combined. 


Table  15.— FERRYBOATS,  BY  DISTRICTS,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE  AND  PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL:  1916  AND  1906. 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Gross 
income. 

Num- 
ber em- 
ployed 
on  ves- 
sels. 

Wages. 

Number  of 

passengers 

carried. 

PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL. 

DISTRICT. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Value 
of  ves- 
sels. 

Gross 

in- 
come. 

Num- 
ber 
em- 
ployed 
on 
ves- 
sels. 

AVages. 

Num- 
ber ot 
pas- 
sen- 
gers 
car- 
ried. 

Total 

1916 

611 
536 
14.0 

224,328 

261,073 

-14.1 

$23,227,174 

29,578,380 

-21.5 

515,414,979 

17,291,073 

-10.9 

4,282 
4,519 
-5.2 

$3,947,836 

3,537,180 

11.6 

292,177,374 

330,737,639 

-11.7 

100. 0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

Per  cent  of  increase  ^ . . 

1906 

100.0  t  100.0 

100.0 

1916 

1906 

New  York 

125 

152 

-17.8 

19 
2o 

115,363 

129,690 

-11.0 

10,962 

10,306 

6.4 

2,768 

1,598 

73.2 

43,846 

35,273 

24.3 

5,192 
15,649 
-66.8 

46,197 
68,557 
-32.6 

11,406,584 

17,098,677 

-33.3 

1,036,4.59 

918, 81)7 

12.8 

164,710 

214,000 

-23.0 

5,799,857 

3,415,498 

69.8 

646,876 

1,944,882 

-66.7 

4,172,6aS 

5,986,456 

-30.3 

7,118,972 

8,423.119 

-15.5 

1,251,163 

1,009,295 

24.0 

300,900 

154,415 

94.9 

2,786,849 

3,924,040 

-29.0 

567,719 

351,490 

61.5 

3,389,286 

3,428,714 

-1.1 

1,600 
1,622 
-1.4 

228 
217 
5.1 

96 
05 

607 

636 

-4.6 

195 

308 

-36.7 

1,556 
1,671 
-6.9 

1,669,473 

1,578,839 

6.7 

230,962 

195,.5(;0 

18.1 

78,656 
25, 467 
208.9 

757,485 

598,277 

26.6 

124,566 

176,169 

-29.3 

1,086,694 

962,868 

12.9 

144,190,729 

208,684,123 

-30.9 

34,662,070 

30,616,853 

13.2 

5,471,300 

3,524,470 

55.2 

40,774,965 

34,905,968 

16.8 

11,536,607 

6,612,216 

74.5 

55,541,703 

46,394,009 

19.7 

20.5 
2.8.4 

51.4 
49.7 

49.1 

57.8 

46.2  !    37.4 
48.7  1    35.9 

42.3 
44.6 

49.4 

63.1 

1916 
1906 

3.1 

4.7 

4.9 
3.9 

4.5 
3.1 

i 

8. 1       .1.  a 

S.9 
6.5 

11.9 

5.8 

4.8 

9.3 

New  Orleans  .                    

1918 
1906 

9 
11 

1.5 
2.1 

1.2 
0.6 

0.7 
0.7 

2.0 
0.9 

2.2 
1.4 

2.0 
0.7 

1.9 

Per  cent  of  Increase  ' 

1.1 

1916 
1906 

28 
26 

4.6 
4.9 

19.5 
13.5 

25.0 
11.5 

18.1 
22.7 

14.2 
14.1 

19.2 
16.9 

14.0 

10.6 

Detroit                 

1916 
1906 

18 
17 

2.9 
3.2 

2.3 

6.0 

2.8 

6.6 

3.7 
2.0 

4.6 

6.8 

3.2 
6.0 

3.9 

Per  cent  of  increase  * 

2.0 

All  other  districts 

1916 
1906 

412 

305 

35.1 

67.4 
56.9 

20.6 
26.3 

18.0 
20.2 

22.0 
19.8 

36.3 
37.0 

27.5 
27.2 

19.0 

14.0 

1 

1  A  minus  sign  (  — )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100. 


UNITED  STATES. 


31 


Ferry  traffic  in  1916  in  the  New  York  district  was 
much  greater  than  in  any  other  locality  in  the  United 
States.  More  than  one-half  of  the  gross  tonnage  of  all 
ferryboats  and  nearly  that  proportion  of  the  passen- 
gers carried  were  reported  from  this  district,  while  tlie 
value  of  its  ferry  fleet  and  the  amount  of  its  gross 
income  represented  nearly  one-half  of  the  correspond- 
ing totals  for  the  entire  country. 

Next  to  New  York,  the  greatest  passenger-carrying 
district  in  1916  was  San  Francisco,  followed  by  Phila- 
delphia. Of  the  several  districts  shown  in  the  table. 
New  Orleans  reported  the  least  number  of  passengers 
carried,  but  the  gain  was  marked,  1^946,830,  or  55.2 
per  cent,  the  relative  gain  being  exceeded  only  by 


Detroit,  which  shows  an  increase  of  4,924,391,  or  74.5 
per  cent. 

The  table  shows  that,  notwithstanding  San  Fran- 
cisco's great  gain  in  passenger  traffic,  the  gross  income 
decreased  SI, 137,191,  or  29  per  cent.  This  loss,  as 
shown  in  Table  14,  was  in  receipts  from  "all  other 
sources"  and  not  in  the  passenger  accounts. 

"All  other  districts"  is  made  up  of  widely  separated 
sections  of  the  country,  embracing,  for  mstance, 
Boston,  Mass.;  Norfolk,  Va.;  Portland,  Oreg.;  and 
Seattle,  Wash. 

Municipal  ferries. — Table  16  presents  statistics  for 
ferries  located  in  municipalities  that  reported  such 
ferries  in  1916  and  1906. 


Table  16.— MUNICIPAL  FERRIES,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE:  1916  AND  1906. 


Census 
year. 

Num- 
ber Of 
vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

OBOSS  INCOME. 

Num- 
ber em- 
ployed 

on 
vessels. 

Wages. 

DISTRICT. 

Passengers. 

All  Other 
sources. 

passengers 
carried. 

Total 

1916 
1906 

29 
29 

21,. 545 

20, 238 

6.5 

52.399,498 

2,503,447 

-4.2 

$743,882 

621,280 

19.7 

J468,413 

263,072 

77.6 

496 

290 
71.0 

S564.502 

458. 129 

23.2 

24.4.59,331 

20,945,055 

16.8 

1916 
1906 

16 
16 

15,471 

14,829 

4.3 

4,728 

4,448 

6.3 

no 

60 

2,107.199 

2.253,000 

-6.5 

208,986 

209.347 

-0.2 

9,000 
4,100 
119.5 

74,313 

35.000 

1123 

2,000 

696,353 

657.  437 

24.9 

46,284 
62.373 
-25.8 

1,245 
9T0 
28.4 

8 

419,219 

220,905 

89.8 

47,341 

41.037 

15.4 

1,853 
1,230 
50.7 

364 

188 

93.6 

84 
72 

4 
4 

44 

25 

413,908 

360, 159 

14.9 

99,445 

70,720 

40.6 

3,596 

2.150 

67.3 

47,553 

24,900 

91.0 

200 

18,748,804 

12,521,847 

49.7 

4,628,352 

7,242.808 

-36.1 

25,111 

19,400 

29.4 

1,057,064 

1,156,000 

-8.6 

5,000 

1916 
1906 

7 
7 

Per  cent  of  increase  • 

Small  pomts  on  Connecticut  River 

1916 
1906 

2 
2 

Portland,  Oreg 

1916 
1906 

4 
3 

1,236 

8.57 
44.2 

44 

Wabasha,  Minn 

1906 

n 

500 

500 

1 

1  A  minus  sign  (  — )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100. 

2  Free  ferries  operated  by  city  of  Portland. 


8  This  ferryboat  was  dismantled  in  1915  and  ferry  discontinued. 


The  only  municipality,  of  those  reporting  at  both 
censuses,  which  shows  a  change  in  the  number  of  ferry- 
boats is  Portland,  Oreg.,  which  city  reported  four 
in  1916  and  but  three  in  1906.  This  gain  of  one  is 
offset  by  the  abandonment  since  1906  of  the  municipal 
ferry  at  Wabasha,  Minn.,  so  that  the  total  number  of 
these  boats  reported  for  mimicipalities  remains  the 
same  at  the  two  censuses. 

Of  the  mimicipal  ferries  reported  for  New  York 
Harbor,  seven  were  operated  in  connection  with  penal 
and  eleemosynary  institutions,  and  on  these  ferries  no 
regular  fare  was  charged.  Although  there  was  an  in- 
crease in  the  gross  tonnage  of  the  municipal  ferries  in 
New  York  Harbor,  a  decrease  is  shown  in  their  value, 
the  average  tonnage  value  shrinking  from  $152  in 
1906  to  $136  in  1916.  Notwithstanding  this  decrease 
in  the  value  of  the  municipal  ferryboats  in  New  York 
Harbor,  there  was  an  increase  of  24.9  per  cent  in  the 


receipts  from  passengers  and  of  49.7  per  cent  in  the 
nmnber  carried. 

The  notable  decrease  in  the  number  of  passengers 
carried  by  the  mimicipal  ferries  of  Boston  may  be  due 
largely  to  the  increased  efficiency  of  the  electric 
service  through  the  tunnel  imder  the  harbor  between 
East  Boston  and  the  city  proper. 

In  addition  to  the  mimicipal  ferries  shown  in  Table 
16,  for  the  same  cities  in  1916  as  in  1906,  Table  17 
shows  that  in  1916  there  were  11  other  ferryboats  of 
this  character,  2  in  Baltimore,  4  in  Seattle,  and  5  in 
other  districts,  making  a  total  of  40  nnmicipal  ferry- 
boats in  1916  as  compared  with  29  in  1906. 

The  increase  of  11,  or  37.9  per  cent,  in  the  number 
of  these  ferryboats,  from  1906  to  1916,  was  accom- 
panied by  substantial  increases  in  other  respects  also, 
the  tonnage  increasing  24.7  per  cent,  the  gross  in- 
come 48.9  per  cent,  and  the  number  of  passengers 
carried  26.7  per  cent. 


32 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 

Table    17,— MUNICIPAL  FERRIES:  1916. 


Total 

New  York  Harbor 

Boston  Harbor 

Baltimore  Harbor 

Small  points  on  Connecticut  River 

Seattle,  Wash 

Portland,  OreR 

All  other  districts 


Number 

of 
vessels. 


Gross 
tonnage. 


25,230 


15.471 

4,728 

030 

110 

2,  W, 

1,2311 

620 


Value  of 
vessels. 


J2, 753, 322 


2,107,  liiit 

20S,9Sri 

20,000 

9,000 

309, 324 

74,313 

20,500 


GROSS  INCOME. 


Passengers 


$319,874 


096,353 
4B,2«4 
13,201 

1,245 
58,295 
(') 

4,496 


All  other 
sources. 


»t97. 899 


419,219 

47,341 

2,127 

1,853 

20,859 

(') 

500 


Numlier 

employed 

on 

vessels. 


570 


304 
84 
8 
4 
51 
44 
12 


Wages. 


$638,785 


413,  908 
99,445 
6,724 
3,596 
67,229 
47,553 
11,330 


Number  of 

passengers 

carried. 


26, 533, 297 


18,718,804 

4,028,352 

509,9.39 

25,111 

1,400,595 

1,057,064 

163,  432 


'  Free  ferries  operated  by  city  of  Portland. 


YACHTS,    STEAM    AND    SAIL. 


Table  18  shows  the  number,  gross  tonnage,  and 
value  of  steam  and  sail  yachts,  by  divisions,  for  1916 
and  1906,  with  percentages  of  increase. 

The  most  noticeable  feature  of  this  table  is  the 
decrease  during  the  ten-year  period  of  1,025,  or  64.3 


per  cent,  in  the  number  of  yachts  dependent  wholly 
upon  sails  for  propelling  power.  This  decrease 
no  doubt  is  due  chiefly  to  the  large  number  of  yachts 
that  have  been  fitted  with  motors  since  1906,  as  all 
vessels  equipped  with  auxiliary  power  of  any  kmd 
are  classed  as  "steam"  or  "motor"  in  all  tables  of 
this  report. 


Table  18.— YACHTS,    NUMBER.   GROSS   TONNAGE,   AND  VALUE,   BY   DIVISIONS,  WITH   PER  CENT  OF   INCREASE: 

1916  AND  1906. 


DinslON   .^ND  CL.VSS. 


Total 

Steam  > 
SaU.... 


Atlantic  coast  and  Gull  of  Me.rico . 

Steam 

Sail 


Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska). 

Steam 

Sail 


Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  Eiver.. 

Steam 

Sail 


Mississippi  Ttiver  and  its  tributaries. 

Steam 

Sail 


NUMBER  OF 

VESSELS. 


1918 


4,3.i4 

3,785 

509 


3,0S2 

2,587 

495 

322 

293 

29 

501 

459 
42 

323 
325 


1906 


3,770 
2,176 
1,594 


2,933 
1,.577 
1,338 

170 

66 
104 

358 
236 
122 

222 

222 


GnOSS  TONNAGE. 


1916  1906 


123,007 

111,620 

11,3S7 


91,946 
81,766 
10, 180 

9,009 

8,417 

592 

13,619 

13, 124 

493 

6,429 
6,429 


106,430 
82,273 
24, 153 


91,. W? 
70,461 
21,046 

2,  .524 
1,063 
1,459 

7,668 
6,210 
1,458 

3, 2.35 
3, 2.35 


VALtTE  OF  VESSELS. 


1916 


$33,387,6.^6 

33,447,143 

1,940,513 


27,382,512 

2.3, 590, 224 

1,792,288 

2,211,062 

2,139,937 

71,125 

4,237,710 

4, 167,  .560 

70, 130 

1,206,1.33 
1,206,153 


1906 


$28,431,114 

24.281,861 

4,109,  2.M 


25, 000, 0S2 
21,290,339 
3, 775,  743 

468,910 
294,  SOO 
174,110 

1,877,8.30 

1,673,000 

204,850 

563,400 
563,400 


PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE,* 
1900-1910. 


Number 
of  vessels. 

Cross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

1.3.5 

73.9 

-04.3 

15.6 

3.3.7 

-32.  9 

24.4 

37.7 

-.3:1.  5 

5.0 

64.0 

-63.5 

89.4 

-72.1' 

39.9 

94.5 

-65.6 

46.4 
46.4 


0.3 

16.0 

—51.6 

256.9 
690.3 
-59.4 

77.6 
111.3 
-66.0 

97.5 
97.5 


9.2 

20.2 

—52.5 

371.5 

625.9 
-59.1 

125.  7 
149.1 
-65.8 

114.1 
114.1 


Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York  state. 

steam 

Sail 


-•Ul  other  inland  waters. 

Steam 

Sail 


791 
671 
120 

1,213 
1.213 


810 
641 
169 

666 
643 
23 


166,400 

1.39,  450 

6,950 

183,819 
l.S3,S19 


276, 450 
262,  700 
13,  750 

198,422 

197,622 

800 


-2.3 

4.7 

-29.0 

82.1 
88.6 


-39.8 
-39.3 
-49.5 

-7.4 
-7.0 


'  .-V  minus  sign  (  — )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100. 


-  Includes  all  yachts  propelled  hy  machinery. 


The  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries  are  not 
favorable  to  the  operation  of  sailing  vessels  of  5 
tons  and  over,  of  which  cognizance  only  is  taken 
by  the  census,  and  no  sail  yachts  were  reported 
for  either  census  from  that  division.  There  were 
none  reported  in  1916  for  ''All  other  inland  waters," 
although  one  of  23  tons  was  shown  in  1906.  At 
both  censuses,  however,  a  small  number  was  reported 
on  the  "Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York 
state."  The  relative  losses  in  sail  yachts  were  greatest 
in  those  operating  on  the  Pacific  coast  and  the  Great 
Lakes. 

All  divisions  show  increases  for  steam  yachts 
in  the  several  particulars,  except  that  for  "Canals 
and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York  state"  and 
"All  other  inland  waters"  there  was  a  decrease  in 


the  value  of  these  vessels.  It  should  be  remembered, 
however,  that  the  value  of  a  yacht  is  that  given  by 
the  owner  and  can  hardly  l>e  taken  in  a  commercial 
sense.  Of  the  gain  in  number  of  steam  yachts  for 
the  United  States  (1,609,  or  73.9  per  cent),  1,010, 
or  62.8  per  cent,  is  shown  for  the  Atlantic  coast  and 
Gulf  of  Mexico  division.  So  also  of  the  total  gain 
in  tonnage  for  this  class  (29,345,  or  35.7  per  cent), 
the  Atlantic  coast  division  reported  11,305  tons,  or 
38.5  per  cent.  This  division  was  first  likewise  in 
gain  in  values,  showing  an  increase  of  $4,299,885, 
or  46.9  per  cent  of  the  total  increase  of  $9,165,282 
reported  for  the  United  States. 

The  second  greatest  actual  increase  in  the  number 
of  steam  yachts  was  227  in  the  Pacific  coast  division. 
Very  close  to  this,  however,  was  the  increase  in  the 


UNITED  STATES. 


33 


number  reported  for  the  Great  Lakes  and  St.  Law- 
rence River — 223,  or  13.9  per  cent  of  the  total  merease 
for  this  class  in  the  United  States.  The  Great  Lakes 
division  was  second  in  actual  increase  in  value  of 
steam  yachts,  $2,494,560,  or  27.2  per  cent  of  the 
total  increase,  the  Pacific  coast  beuig  third  in  this 
respect,  with  an  increase  of  SI, 845,137,  or  20.1  per 
cent  of  the  total.  Second  place  in  actual  gain  in 
tonnage,  7,352,  or  25.1  per  cent  of  the  total  for  the 
United  States,  is  accorded  the  Pacific  coast;  thii'd 
place  belongs  to  the  Great  Lakes,  with  an  increase 
of  6,914  tons,  or  23.6  per  cent  of  the  total. 

The  importance  of  the  several  divisions  as  to  their 
proportions  of  the  number,  tonnage,  and  value  of 
steam  and  of  sail  yachts  is  presented  in  Table  19  for 
1916  and  1906. 

Table  19. — Yachts,  Per  Cent  op  Total  Number,  Gross  Ton- 
nage, AND  Value,  by  Diyisions  and  Class:  1916  and  1906. 


PER 

TEMT  OF  TOTAL. 

DIVISION  AND  CENSUS  YEAR. 

Number  of 
vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Steam. 

Sail. 

Steam. 

Sail. 

Steam. 

Sail. 

Total: 

1916 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100. 0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

1906 J 

100  0 

Atlantic  coa.st  and  Gulf  of  Mexico: 
1916 

68.3 
72.5 

7.7 
3.0 

12.1 
10.8 

8.6 
10.2 

0.8 
1.5 

2.4 
2.0 

87.0 
85.2 

5.1 

0.5 

7.4 

7.7 

0.5 
0.6 

""o.i" 

73.3 
85.6 

7.5 
1.3 

11.8 
7.5 

5.8 
4.0 

0.6 
O.S 

1.1 

0..'* 

89.4 
87.1 

.5.2 
6.0 

4.3 
6.0 

1.1 

0.7 

'"'o.'i' 

76.5 
87.7 

6.4 
1.2 

12.5 
6.9 

3.6 
2.3 

0.5 
1.1 

0.5 
0.8 

92.4 
90.6 

1906 

Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska): 

1916 

1906 

4  2 

Great  Laicesand  St.  Lawrence  River: 
1916 

3  6 

1906 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries: 
1916 

1906 

Canals  and  otherinland  waters  of  New 
York  state: 
1916 

0  4 

1906 

All  other  inland  waters: 

1916 

1906 

(') 

'  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 
GOVERNMENT    VESSELS. 

Table  20  shows  certain  statistics  for  vessels  owned 
and  operated  by  state  and  city  governments  in  1916 
and  1906. 

The  government  vessels  here  included  are  only 
those  belonging  to  or  operated  by  state  and  city 
governments.  Vessels  owned  or  operated  by  the 
Federal  Government  are  not  included  in  these  sta- 
tistics. The  vessels  owned  or  operated  by  state 
and  city  governments  are  used  for  a  great  varietj^ 
of  purposes,  chiefly  for  ferriage  of  the  general  public 
and  in  connection  with  penal  and  charita])le  institu- 
tions, for  disposmg  of  garbage,  for  dredging,  for  fire 
and  police  service,  for  ice  breaking,  for  scientific 
investigation,  canal  inspection,  and  for  the  protection 
of  fish  and  game.  The  statistics  for  all  classes  of 
these  vessels  combined  show  an  increase  for  the  decade 
in  all  totals  except  for  income,  which  factor  is  neces- 

116315°— 20— 3 


sarily  more  or  less  of  a  fluctuating  character,  since 
only  a  portion  of  the  vessels  can  properly  be  classed 
as  a  business  enterprise  in  this  respect. 


Table  20. 


-Vessels  Owned  and  Operated  by  State  and  City 
Governments:  1916  and  1900. 


Total. 

Steam.' 

Sail. 

UnrigfTcd. 

Number  of  vessels: 

1916 

474 
315 
50.5 

82,888 

62,739 

32.1 

$11,147,275 

$S,MO,696 
38.6 

'$2,487,292 

"$3,177,.W4 

-21.7 

2,565 
1,884 
36.1 

$2,635,106 

$2,07;!,  02s 

27.1 

26,. 598, 701 

21,314,209 

24.6 

229 

113 

60.1 

45,593 

36,099 

26.3 

$8,9.54,6.52 

«6,«03,468 
31.6 

$1,607,940 

$1,1.36,  .594 

41.5 

2,019 
1,1.50 
75.6 

$2,270,390 

$l,308,3.'i2 

73.5 

26,.M4,.597 

21,344,209 

24.4 

2 
4 

243 

168 

44  6 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase 

Gross  toimace: 

1916 

70 

132 

-47.0 

$«,.'i00 

$10,380 

-37.4 

$.5,000 

37,225 

26.508 

40.4 

$2,186,123 

$1,226,848 

78.2 

$874,352 

•$2,(>t(),960 

-57.2 

540 

722 

—25  2 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase ' 

Value  of  vessels: 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase  2 

Gross  income: 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase ' 

Number  employed  on  vessels; 

1916 

6 
12 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase^ 

Wages: 

1916 

$3,810 

$5,470 
-30.3 

$360,906 

$759,226 

-52.5 

54,104 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increa.se  = 

Number  of  passengers  cjirricd: 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase 

1 

•  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

2  A  minus  sign  (  — )  denotes  decrease.  Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is 
less  than  100. 

'  Includes  value  of  work  done  by  craft  of  the  department  of  docks  and  ferries. 
New  York  City. 

In  1916,  as  in  1906,  the  great  bulk  of  activity 
connected  with  these  craft  was  on  the  Atlantic  and 
Gulf  coasts,  although  this  division  reported  a  smaller 
proportion  of  the  total  number  in  1916  than  in  1906, 
this  proportion  being  56.5  per  cent  for  the  later  census 
as  compared  with  67.7  per  cent  for  the  earlier.  (See 
Table  10  of  the  Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico 
division.)  In  its  proportion  of  the  gross  tonnage  there 
was  little  change,  73.7  per  cent  and  73.2  per  cent  in 
1906  and  1916,  respectively,  and  in  the  number  of 
passengers  carried  the  decrease  in  proportion  was 
small,  from  94.6  to  90  per  cent.  In  other  respects, 
however,  the  decreased  proportion  for  this  division 
in  1916  was  pronounced,  the  proportion  for  income 
decreasing  from  92  to  64  per  cent  and  that  for  the 
value  of  such  vessels  from  76.7  to  64.4  per  cent. 

COMMERCIAL   FISHING    CRAFT. 

Statistics  for  vessels  engaged  in  the  fisheries,  by 
divisions,  for  1916  are  given  in  Table  21. 

At  the  census  of  1906  reports  were  not  secured  for 
vessels  or  craft  engaged  in  the  fisheries,  and  there  are 
no  figures  for  that  year,  therefore,  with  which  the 
statistics  for  1916  may  be  compared. 

The  Atlantic  coast  division  occupied  a  predomi- 
nant position  in  the  fisheries,  reporting  71.5  per  cent 
of  the  total  number  of  vessels,  72.7  per  cent  of  the 
tonnage,  and  72.5  per  cent  of  the  income.  The  table 
shows  that  the  Pacific  coast  was  second  and  the 
Great  Lakes  third.  The  other  two  divisions  were 
insignificant  in  all  respects  pertaining  to  the  fisheries. 


34 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  21.— FISHING  VESSELS,  BY  DIVISIONS,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL:  1916. 


United  States. 


Atlantic  coast  and  flnlt  ot  Mexico. 
I'er  cent  of  total 


Pacific  coast  (inohiding  Alaska) . 
I'er  cent  of  total 


Number 

of 
vessels. 


6,216 


Great  Lakes  and  .St.  Lawrence  River.. 
I'er  cent  of  total 


Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries. 
Per  cent  of  total 


All  other  inland  waters . 
Percent  of  total 


3,729 
71.5 

870 
16.7 

606 
11.6 

8 
0.2 


(') 


Oross 
tonnage. 


105,580 

72.7 

29,342 
20.2 

10,196 
7.0 

92 
0.1 


(') 


36 


Value  of 
vessels. 


$19,463,269 


13,040,125 
67.0 

5,214,278 
26.8 

1,190,866 
6.1 

14,400 
0.1 

3,600 
(') 


Oross  income. 


»25,388,620 


18,405,088 
72.5 

4,814,991 
19.0 

2,129,489 
8.4 

29,110 
0.1 

12,842 


Number 
employed 
on  vessels. 


25,975 


IS),  246 
74.1 

4,890 
18.8 

1,807 
7.0 

2fl 
0.1 


(') 


Wages. 


111,875,357 


8,475,736 
71.4 

2,428,822 
20.5 

949,562 
8.0 

16,227 
0. 1 

S,01O 
(■) 


1  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


Fishing  vessels  propelled  by  steam,  which  in  Table 
22  includes  all  craft  propelled  by  machinery,  constituted 
about  two-thirds  of  both  the  total  number  and  total 
tonnage  reported  for  the  United  States.  All  sailing 
vessels  engaged  in  the  fisheries  were  reported  from  the 


Atlantic  coast  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  from  the 
Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska).  Of  a  total  of  1,738 
sailing  vessels  of  48,565  gross  tonnage,  the  Atlantic 
coast  division  reported  1,718,  totaling  44,524  gross 
tons  or  98.8  and  91.7  per  cent,  respectively. 


Table  22.— FISHING  VESSELS, 

GROUPED  ACCORDING  TO  GROSS  TONNAGE,  BY  DIVISIONS:  1916. 

TOTAL. 

5  TO  49  TONS. 

50  TO  99  TONS. 

100  TO  199  TONS. 

200  TO  299  TONS. 

300  TO  399  TONS. 

400  TO  499  TONS. 

500  TO  999  TONS. 

DIVISION  AND  CLASS. 

Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 

Oross 
tonnage. 

Num- 
ber Of 
ves- 
sels. 

Oross 
ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
twr  of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Niun- 
berot 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
ber ot 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

5,216 
3,478 
1,738 

145, 246 
96,681 
48,565 

4,623 
3,112 
1,511 

69,660 
47,711 
21,949 

274 

177 
97 

19,584 
12, 589 
6,995 

232 
117 
ii.'i 

30,641 
15,8.59 
14, 782 

55 

51 

4 

13,844 

12,820 

1,024 

26 
16 
10 

8,508 
6,161 
3,347 

4 
3 

1 

1,770 

1,302 

468 

2 
2 

1,239 

Steam '        

1  239 

Sail                      

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico 

3,729 
2,011 
1,718 

870 

850 

20 

606 
606 

8 

8 

3 
3 

105,580 
61,058 
44,524 

29,342 
25,301 
4,041 

10,1% 
10,196 

92 

92 

36 
36 

3,260 
1,756 
1,504 

765 

758 

7 

587 
687 

8 
8 

3 
3 

46,114 
24,274 
21,840 

14,419 

14,310 

109 

8,999 
8,999 

92 
92 

36 
36 

200 
103 
97 

55 
55 

14,703 
7,708 
6,995 

3,684 
3,684 

203 
90 
113 

29 
27 
2 

26,544 
12, 087 
14,457 

4,097 

3,772 

325 

46 
46 

11,494 
11,494 

17 
13 
4 

9 
3 

6 

6,342 
4,110 
1,232 

3,166 
1,051 
2,115 

2 
2 

883 
883 

1 

1 

500 
500 

Sail 

9 
5 

4 

2,350 
1,326 
1,024 

2 

1 
1 

887 
419 
468 

1 
1 

739 

Steam                

739 

Sail 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River    . 

19 
19 

1,197 
1,197 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries 

1 

1 

1  Includes  all  fishing  vessels  propelled  by  machinery. 


Of  the  total  number  of  fishing  vessels  reported  in 
1916, 4,897,  or  93.9  per  cent,  were  of  less  than  100  gross 
tons,  and  their  tonnage,  89,244,  while  less  proportion- 
ately, constituted  61.4  per  cent.  Of  the  steam  vessels, 
3,289,  or  94.6  per  cent,  were  of  loss  than  100  tons 
burden,  their  aggregate  tomiage  bemg  60,300,  or  62.4 
per  cent,  not  materially  different  frota  the  proportions 
for  both  classes  combined.  The  sailing  vessels  of  less 
than  100  tons  show  similar  proportions,  there  being 
in  this  class  1,608,  or  92.5  per  cent,  with  a  tonnage  of 
28,944,  or  59.6  per  cent.  All  of  the  fishing  vessels  of 
100  gross  tons  and  over  were  reported  for  the  Atlantic 
coast  and  the  Pacific  coast  divisions,  the  former  re- 
porting 269  with  a  total  gross  tonnage  of  44,763,  and 
the  latter,  50  vessels  of  1 1 ,239  tonnage.  From  these 
figures  it  appears  that  the  Atlantic  coast  reported  84.3 
per  cent  of  the  number  and  79.9  per  cent  of  the  tonnage 
of  all  fishing  vessels  of  100  gross  tons  and  over.  The 
largest  single  steam  and  also  sail  fishing  vessels  were 
returned  from  the  Pacific  coast,  of  739  and  468  tons, 
respectively. 


A  number  of  vessels  of  the  fishing  fleet  were  engaged 
to  some  extent  in  carrying  freight  in  1916,  probably 
durmg  the  off  season  for  fishing,  and  the  quantity  of 
this  freight  for  three  of  the  divisions  is  presented  in 
Table  23. 


Table  23. 


-P^EioHT  Carried  by  Fishing  Vessels:  1916. 
[Tons  of  2,000  pounds.] 


COMMODITY. 

Total 

Atlantic 

coast  and 

Gulf  of 

Mexico. 

Pacific 
coast  (in- 
cluding 
Alaska). 

Great 
Lakes  and 
St.  Law- 
rence 
River. 

Total                    

80,  (M8 

76,396 

2,149 

1.503 

4,365 

1,147 

4,463 

47 

330 

18,717 

5,456 

322 

99 

11,470 

275 

714 

9,785 

640 

22,248 

4,240 

1,127 

4,313 

47 

227 

18,422 

5,230 

322 

69 

11,063 

275 

699 

9,785 

640 

19,937 

15               110 

Cement,  brick,  and  lime 

20   

Coal      '          '                   

150 

Cotton                                   , 

Flour                .           

1                102 

Fruits  and  vegetables 

86  1             209 

106                120 

Ice...                     

254 

153 

Petroleum  and  other  oils 

15 

Phosphate  and  fertilizer 

1,667 

644 

UNITED  STATES. 


35 


GEOGRAPHIC   DIVISIONS. 

As  in  prior  censuses  the  statistics  are  presented  for 
five  geographic  divisions  for  Avliich  there  are  material 
differences  in  the  class  of  vessels  used,  kind  of  freight 
carried,  and  in  many  other  respects  which  it  is  im- 
practicalile  to  cover  in  this  report.  The  five  geo- 
graphic divisions  for  which  the  statistics  are  pre- 
sented may  be  described  as  follows : 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gnlf  of  Mexico. — Tlie  coast  line 
and  tributary  rivers  to  what  is  generally  laiown  as 
the  "head  of  navigation" — to  the  point  navigable  for 
the  ordinary  freight-carrying  steamers  and  other  craft. 

Pacific  coast  {including  Ahsl-a). — The  coast  line  and 
tributary  rivers  to  "head  of  navigation." 

Great  Lal'cs  and  St.  Lawrence  River. — Lakes  Superior, 
Michigan,  Huron,  St.  Clair,  Erie,  and  Ontario  and  the 
St.  Lawrence  River. 


Mis.nssipjn  Eirer  and  its  trihutaries. — Tlie  entire 
river  and  the  waters  of  all  its  tributaries. 

AU  other  inland  vnters. —C&nsbls;  lakes  other  than  the 
Great  Lakes;  rivers  tributary  to  the  Great  Lakes;  and 
above  the  "head  of  navigation  "  on  all  rivers  tributary 
to  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans  and  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico. 

The  classification  of  vessels  by  divisions  in  1916  was 
the  same  as  that  followed  at  the  census  of  1906,  accord- 
ing to  the  waters  on  which  .they  were  principally 
operated  during  the  census  year.  The  rule  at  the 
census  of  1889  was  different,  the  location  of  operations 
being  fixed  as  the  waters  of  the  home  port,  that  is,  the 
port  from  which  the  document  was  issued.  Tlie 
statistics  by  divisions,  therefore,  are  fairly  comparable 
only  for  the  two  most  recent  censuses. 


Table   24. 


-ALL    CLASSES   OF   VESSELS  AND   CRAFT,   BY   DIVISIONS,   WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE:  1916.   1906. 

AND  1889. 


DIVISION  AND  CENSUS  TEAP.. 

Number 

of 
vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Gross  income. 

Kuml^er 
emplo.ved 
on  vessels. 

Wages. 

Number  of 
passengers 

carried. 

Total: 

1916 

37,894 
37,321 
30,485 

12,249,990 
12,893,429 
8,359,135 

$959,925,364 
507,973,121 
206,992,  ,352 

$563,736,367 
294,854,5.32 
161,994,0(;6 

153,301 
140,929 
113,870 

$103,235,534 
71,636,521 
41,482,812 

331,590,565 

1906 

306, 825, 663- 

1889 

198,992,438. 

Atliintic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico: 

1916       .      .     .             ...             .   .           .       .               

21,658 
20,032 
12,238 

4,092 
2,5.37 
1,635 

2,856 
2,990 
2,737 

7,239 

9,622 
7,300 

2,049 
2,140 
6, 575 

1.5 
24.3 

6,508,617 
4,851,421 
2,658,445 

1,185,961 
977,  («7 
419,157 

2,737,491 

2,. 392, 8(3 

920,294 

1,621,495 
4,411,907 
3,364,610 

196,426 
259,  491 
996,629 

-5.0 

46.  5 

629,074,203 
273,105.915 
116,042,062 

127,310,646 
76,622,633 
21,824,040 

174,765,526 
130, 805,  (HO 
48,580,174 

23,030,503 

22,8.52,142 
14,407,162 

5,744,486 
4,5,86,791 
6,138,914 

89.0 

363.7 

376,806,060 
15'J,7.')9,924 
90,147,632 

80,215,193 
48,.520,l;S9 
19,872,738 

85,095,887 
65,274,702 
35,463,852 

17,439,746 
17,342,038 
16,331,872 

4,179,481 
3,957,729 
•177,972 

91.2 

24S.O 

84,978 

77, 124 

•63,625 

23,576 
20,142 
11,315 

26,873 
24,916 
22,726 

14,706 
15,016 
15,951 

3,168 
3,731 
•253 

8.8 

34.6 

58,902,964 

38,352,259 

•22,123,099 

18,055,141 
12,950,399 
5,880,421 

18,633,219 
13,280,716 
8,098,191 

6,380,325 
5,692,117 
5,337,185 

l,263,8'i5 

1,361,030 

•43,916 

44.1 

148.9 

237,343,627 

1906 

292,555,416 

IS891           .         .                                

170,225,438 

Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska): 

1916 

53,408,8« 

1906 

44,189,971 

1889        

15,672,093 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River: 

1916 

19,aSI,6Sl 

1906      

14,080.146 

1889 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries: 

1916 

3,235,983^ 

17,599,378 

1906 

14,122,241 

1889                                 

10,858,894 
2,005.03*; 

All  other  Inland  waters; 
1916 

1906 

1,877V3SS. 

18S9 .   . 

PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE.* 

Total: 

1906-1916 

'                  —9.6 

1889-1916 

60.6 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico: 

1906-1916 

8.1 
77.0 

61.3 
150.3 

-4.5 
4.3 

-24.  S 
-0.8 

-4.3 

-68.8 

34.2 

144.8 

21.3 
182.9 

14.4 
197.5 

-63.2 
-51.8 

-24.3 

-80.3 

130.3 
442.1 

66.2 
483.4 

33.6 
259.7 

0.8 
59.9 

25.2 

-6.4 

135.9 
318.0 

65.3 
303.6 

30.4 
140.0 

0.6 
6.8 

5.6 

10.2 
33.6 

17.0 
108.4 

7.9 
18.2 

-2.1 
-7.8 

-15.1 

53.6 
166.3 

39.4 
207.0 

40.3 
130.1 

12.1 
19.5 

-7.1 

—IS.  9 

1,^S9-1916 

39.4. 

Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska): 

1906-1916  .                                                         .... 

25.* 

1889-1916 

253.6 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River: 

190t)-1916 

36.6 

1889-1916  

760.x 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries: 

1900-1916 

24.6 

18S9-1916    

62.1 

All  other  inland  waters: 

1906-1916 

C.S 

1889-1916 

1  Totnl  includes  52  craft  ^^'iIh  a  gross  tonnage  of  2,553,  valued  at  $75,360,  for  which  no  rejiort  was  made  for  income,  emi)loyees.  wages,  passengers,  and  freight  carried. 

•  Does  not  include  emplo.vees  of  wages  for  yachts. 

'  Income,  employees,  and"  wages  were  not  reported  for  canal  boats  at  the  census  of  1889,  and  therefore  the  per  cent  of  increase  is  not  given. 

'  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


Li  connection  with  these  statistics  it  should  be 
remembered  that  the  vessels  are  reported  in  the  divi- 
sions in  which  they  are  chiefly  occupied  or  employed. 
Changes  of  this  character,  therefore,  occur  to  meet 
the  tonnage  demands  of  commerce  which  would  be 
impracticable  to  follow.     The  great  war  also  has  so 


changed  conditions  relating  to  shipping  as  to  renda- 
comparisons  in  many  of  its  details  very  unreliable. 

Table  24  shows  that  the  Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf 
of  Mexico  division  led  in  1916  in  all  details  shown  in 
this  table,  reporting  nearly  three-fifths  of  the  number 
of  vessels,  more  than  one-half  of  the  gross  tonnage. 


36 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


nearlj'  two-thirds  of  the  value  of  vessels,  and  over 
t'wo-thirds  of  the  gross  income.  Of  employees  on 
vessels  this  division  reported  more  than  one-half,  with 
a  somewhat  larger  proportion  of  salaries  and  wages, 
and  nearly  three-fourths  of  the  number  of  passengers 
carried. 

The  Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River  ranked 
second,  except  in  number  of  vessels  and  number  of 
passengers  carried,  in  which  respect  it  was  fourth  and 
third,  respectively.  This  division  reported  nearly  one- 
fourth  of  the  tonnage,  but  less  than  one-fifth  of  the 
value  of  vessels,  the  gross  income,  number  of  employ- 
ees, and  the  amount  of  salaries  and  wages  paid. 

Although  fourth  in  most  details,  the  Mississippi 
River  and  its  tributaries  ranked  second  in  number  of 
vessels,  the  majority  of  which  were  unrigged,  and 
third  in  tonnage.  "All  other  inland  waters"  shows 
the  smallest  proportion  of  the  various  totals. 

In  the  matter  of  actual  gains  from  1906  to  1916,  the 
Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico  was  first  in  all  par- 
ticulars, except  number  of  passengers  carried,  for 
which  a  decrease  of  55,209,789  is  shown,  due  chiefly  to 
the  construction  of  bridges  and  subaqueous  tunnels 
since  1906  in  New  York  Harbor.  In  most  other  de- 
tails this  division  led  in  relative  gains,  but  was  second 
in  this  respect  in  number  of  vessels  and  in  number  of 
employees,  the  Pacific  coast  leading  in  these  two  par- 
ticulars. The  Atlantic  coast  is  the  only  division 
showing  an  actual  percentage  loss  from  1906  to  1916 
in  number  of  passengers  carried.  The  Pacific  coast 
shows  an  actual  gain  of  11,218,872  in  the  number  of 
passengers  carried.  The  Great  Lakes  and  St.  Law- 
rence River,  however,  reported  the  greatest  propor- 
tionate increase  in  numljer  of  passengers  carried  during 
this  period,  36.6  per  cent. 

The  actual  increase  for  the  Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf 
of  Mexico  in  the  value  of  vessels  was  $.355,968,288.  The 
greatest  relative  gain  shown  for  this  division,  however, 
135.9  per  cent,  was  in   gross  income. 

It  is  notable  that  while  the  nimiber  and  tonnage 
of  vessels  operated  on  the  Mississippi  River  and  its 
tributaries  decreased  greatly,  2,383,  or  24.8  per  cent, 
in  number  and  2,790,472,  or  63.2  per  cent,  in  tonnage, 
the  value  of  the  vessels  increased  by  $178,361,  or 
eight-tenths  of  1  per  cent,  and  the  gross  income  by 
$97,708,  or  six-tenths  of  1  per  cent.  The  increase  in 
number  of  passengers  carried  by  vessels  of  this  divi- 
sion was  also  lai-ge,  3,477,137,  or  24.6  per  cent. 

"^Vll  other  inland  waters,"  the  least  important  of 
the  five  diAasions,  although  showing  a  decrease  in  the 
number  and  gross  tonnage  from  1906  to  1916,  re- 


ported an  increase  of  $1,157,695,  or  25.2  ner  cent,  in 
the  value  of  vessels;  $221,752,  or  5.6  pex  crut,  in  grojs 
income;  and  127,147,  or  6.8  per  cent,  in  number  ot 
passengers  carried. 

CHARACTER   OF   OWNERSHIP. 

The  character  of  oAvnership  of  vessels  is  presented 
for  four  classes:  (1)  individual,  (2)  fijm,  (3)  iacorpo- 
rated  company,  and  (4)  all  other,  the  last  class  em- 
bracing vessels  owned  by  states,  mimicipalities, 
cooperative  associations,  etc.  The  relative  impor- 
tance of  these  four  classes  is  shown  for  1916  and  1906 
only,  as  at  the  census  of  1889  statistics  of  ownership 
were  seciu-ed  for  but  two  of  the  five  divisions,  the 
Atlantic  coast  and  GuK  of  Mexico,  and  the  Pacific 
coast. 

Table  25. — Number,  Gross  Tonnage,  and  Value  of  Vessels, 
BY  Character  of  Ownership,  with  Per  Cent  of  Increase 
AND  PER  Cent  op  Total;  191{)  and  190(i. 


VESSELS. 

TONNAGE. 

VALUE  or  VESSELS. 

o-mreKSHTP  ANn  census 

YEAR. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Gross  tons. 

Per 
cent 

of 
total. 

Amount. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Total: 

1916 

1906 

37,894 
37,321 

1.5 

100.0 
100.0 

12,249,990 
12,S93,429 

-5.0 

100.0 
100.0 

8939, 925, 3M 
607,973,121 

89.0 

100.0 
100  0 

Per  cent  of  in- 
crease ' 

Individual: 

1910 

12,995 

12, 944 

0.4 

3,488 
4,169 
-16.3 

20,789 

19,729 

5.4 

622 
479 
29.9 

34.3 
34.7 

9.2 
11.2 

54.9 
52.9 

1.6 
1.3 

1,204,874 

1,462,.S18 

-17.6 

552,373 

929,311 

-40.6 

10,383,928 

10, 375,681 

0.1 

108,815 

125,619 

-13.4 

9.8 
11.3 

4.5 

7.2 

84.8 
SO.  5 

0.9 
1.0 

73,237,508 

65,833,625 

11.2 

21,374,278 

28,807,734 

—25.8 

852,348,622 

402,419,567 

111.8 

12,964,956 

10,912,305 

18.8 

7.0 

1906 

13.0 

Per  cent  of  increase  •. 
Firm: 

1916 

2.2 

1906 

6.7 

Per  cent  of  increase' 
Incorporated  company: 

1916 

88.8 

1906 

79.2 

Per  cent  of  increase.. 
All  other: 

1916 

1.4 

1906          .     . 

2.1 

Per  cent  of  increase ' . 

1  A  minus  sign  ( —  1  denotes  decrease. 

Incorporated  ownership  predominated  at  both 
censuses,  but  to  a  greater  degree  in  1916  than  in  1906. 
Although  this  form  of  ownership  controlled  but  54.9 
per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  vessels  in  1916,  it 
reported  84.8  per  cent  of  the  total  gross  tonnage  of 
American  owned  craft  and  88.8  per  cent  of  their 
value.  In  these  three  respects  vessels  under  firm 
ownership  in  1916  show  decreases  compared  with 
1906,  not  only  in  their  relative  proportions  but  in 
the  actual  totals  also.  Vessels  owned  by  individuals 
increased  in  number  and  value,  but  decreased  in  ton- 
nage between  1906  and  1916. 

Table  26  shows  the  number  and  gross  tonnage  of 
vessels,  by  character  of  ownership  and  by  divisions. 


UNITED  STATES. 


37 


Table  26 — NUMBER   AND   GROSS  TONNAGE  OF  A^SSELS,  BY  CHARACTER  OF  OWNERSHIP  AND    BY   DIVISIONS, 

WITH  PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL  :  1916  AND  1906. 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 

TOTAL. 

INDIVIDUAL. 

PIEM. 

mCOEPORATED  COM- 
PANY. 

ALL  OTHER. 

DIVISION. 

Num- 
ber 
of 

ves- 
sels. 

Tonnage. 

Num- 
ber 
of 
ves- 
sels. 

Tonnage. 

Num- 
ber 
of 

ves- 
sels. 

Tonnage. 

Num- 
ber 
of 
ves- 
sels. 

Tonnage. 

Num- 

Tonnage. 

Gross 
tons. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Gross 
tons. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Gross 
tons. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Gross 
tons. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

ber 
of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tons. 

Per 
cent 

of 
total. 

Total 

1916 

1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

37,894 
37,321 

12,249,990 
12, 893,  ..29 

100.0 
100. 0 

12,995 
12,944 

1,204,874 
1,^32,818 

100.0 
loO.O 

3,488     552,373 
4,i69     929,311 

100.0 
100.0 

20,789 
19,729 

10,383,928 

10,375,681 

100.0 
100. 0 

622 

479 

108,815 
125,619 

100.0 
100.0 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  llexico 

2x,658 
20,032 

4,092 
2,537 

2,S.ifi 
2,990 

7,239 
9,622 

2,049 
2,140 

6,  .508, 617 
4,851,421 

1,18.5,961 
977,687 

2,737,491 
2,392,863 

1,621,495 
4,411,967 

196,426 
259,491 

63.1 
37.6 

9.7 

7.6 

22.3 
18.6 

13.2 
34.2 

1.6 
2.0 

8,307 
8,517 

1,069 
806 

847 
975 

1,852 
1,318 

920 

1,328 

787,787 
84»,06t 

72,626 
119,565 

74,383 
204,175 

182,084 
134,655 

87,994 
160, 359 

6.5.4 
57.7 

6.0 
8.2 

6.2 
14.0 

15.1 
9.2 

7.3 
11.0 

2,138 
2,849 

307 
275 

210 
429 

616 
533 

441,21^6 
666,005 

30,601 
73, 131 

22,374 
132.836 

46,418 
49,346 

79.9 
71.7 

5.5 
7.9 

4.1 
14.3 

8.4 
5.3 

2.1 

0.9 

10,846 
8,341 

2,6.53 
1,404 

1,747 
1,536 

4,731 
7,752 

812 

696 

5,200,797 
3,246,215 

1,06.5,  .590 
770,404 

2,6.35,057 
2,044,131 

1,390,915 
4,226,600 

91,569 
88,331 

50.1 
31.3 

10.3 
7.4 

25.4 
19.7 

13.4 

40.7 

0.9 
0.9 

367 
325 

63 

52 

52 
50 

40 
19 

100 
33 

78,767 
95,137 

17,144 
14,587 

5,677 
11,721 

2,078 
1,366 

5,149 
2,808 

72.4 
75.  T 

15.8 
11.6 

5.2 
9.3 

1.9 
1.1 

4.7 
2.2 

racific  coast  (Including  Alaska) 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries 

All  other  inland  waters. . 

83 

7,993 

Diagram  3.— GROSS  TONNAGE  OF  VESSELS,  BY  CHARACTER  OF  OWNERSHIP  AND  BY  DIVISIONS:  1916  AND  1906. 

ATLANTIC  COAST  AND  GULF  OF  M.'Xiro 


igi 

190 


i::L.m.::...m\ 


I 


1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 


PACIFIC    COAST  ,  INCLUDING     ALASKA 


GREAT   LAKES  AND  ST     LAWRENCE    RiVtR 


S2M 


MISSISSIPPI    RIVER    AND    TRIBUTARIES 


,. INCORPORATED   COMPANY 

■y  ALL  OTHER 


ALL  OTHER     INLAND    WATERS 


ALL  OTHER 


3  4 

MILLIONS   OF   TONS 


38 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


In  1916  the  Atlantic  coast  division  reported  more 
than  one-half  of  the  total  tonnage  for  all  divisions 
combined,  increasmg  its  proportion  from  37.6  per 
cent  in  1906  to  53.1  per  cent  in  191G.  The  Mississippi 
River  division  shows  the  most  marked  change,  a 
decrease  in  its  proportion  of  the  total  tonnage  from 
34.2  per  cent  in  1906  to  13.2  per  cent  in  1916.  This 
change  is  confined  to  vessels  of  corporate  ownership 
which  shows  a  decrease  in  the  tonnage  from  40.7  per 
cent  of  the  total  in  1906  to  13.4  per  cent  in  1916. 


In  considering  ownership  by  character  of  propul- 
sion, it  is  found  that  one-half  of  the  steam  vessels 
and  nearly  three-fifths  of  the  sailing  vessels  were 
owned  by  individuals  in  1916,  a  gain  in  the  proportion 
of  steam  vessels  individually  owned  over  their  pro- 
portion in  1906  and  a  slight  loss  in  this  respect  for  the 
individualh"  owned  sailing  vessels,  which  comprised  a 
little  more  than  two-thirds  of  all  the  sailing  vessels  at 
that  census.  Less  than  one-fifth  of  the  imrigged  craft 
was  owned  by  individuals  at  both  censuses. 


Table  27. 


-NUMBER  AND  GROSS  TONNAGE  OF  STEAM,  SAIL,  AND  UNRIGGED  VESSELS,  BY  CHARACTER  OF  OWNER- 
SHIP AND  BY  OCCUPATION,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE:  191(>  AND  1906. 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 

TOTAL. 

INnmDUAI,. 

FIRM. 

INCORPORATED 
COMPANY. 

AU.  OTHER. 

CLASS  AND  OCCUPATION. 

Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 

Gross 

tonnage. 

Num- 
ber of 

vessels. 

Gross 

tonnage. 

Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 

Grass 
tonnage. 

Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Total.          .      ...          

1916 
1906 

37,894 

37,321 

1.5 

12,249,990 

12,893,429 

-5.0 

12,995 

12,914 

0.4 

I,2(M,874 

1,462,818 

-17.6 

3,488 
4,169 
-16.3 

.5.52, 373 

929,311 

-40.6 

20, 7.89 

19,729 

5.4 

10,383,928 

10,375,0X1 

0.  I 

622 

479 

29.9 

304 
203 
49.8 

108,815 

Percent  of  increase' 

125,619 
-13.4 

1916 
1906 

14,581 

9,927 

46.9 

6,097,502 

4,059,521 

SO.  2 

7,290 

4,359 

67.2 

255,  .5iO 

316,219 

-19.2 

1,251 

1,141 

9.6 

64,871 

145. 326 

-55.4 

5,736 
35.8 

5,  727, 39{) 

3,555,1140 

61.  1 

49, 771 

42,936 
15.9 

1916 
1906 

5,362 

3,615 

48.3 

3,689 

3,079 

19.8 

611 
536 
14.0 

3,785 

2,  176 

h.9 

1,134 

621 

117.7 

3,002 
7,131 

-.57.  9 

5,432,353 

3,411,588 

59.2 

264, 135 

261,375 

1.1 

224,328 

261,073 
-14.1 

111,620 

82, 275 

35.7 

65, 126 

43,210 

60.7 

1,171,174 

1,704,277 

-31.3 

1,992 
1,101 
80.9 

1,068 
902 
18.4 

172 

115 
49.6 

3,427 
1,978 

h.3 

631 

263 

139.9 

1,700 
4,772 
-64.4 

97,241 

189,707 

-48.7 

36,818 

37,079 

-0.7 

6,265 
5,423 

15.5 

103, 223 

78,  ISS 
32.0 

11,983 
5,822 
105.8 

226,700 

483,  8.59 

-53.1 

470 
437 
7.6 

381 

488 

-21.9 

55 
39 

234 

130 
80.0 

111 

47 

430 

1,403 

-69.4 

38,394 

113,611 

-66.2 

16,4f« 
25,286 
-34.8 

1,674 
1,752 
-4.5 

3,6.59 

2,415 

51.5 

4,660 
2,262 
106.0 

143,429 

435,  756 

-67.  1 

2,885 
2,055 

40.4 

2,191 
1,644 
33.3 

334 

352 

-5.1 

104 
55 

5,293,802 

3, 104.291 

70.5 

207,652 

192,313 

8.0 

190,986 

233,630 

-18.3 

4,441 
1,500 
196.1 

30,509 

23,306 

30.9 

779,600 

729,784 

6.8 

15 
22 

49 
45 

50 
30 

20 
13 

170 
93 

58 
99 

2,916 

Percent  of  increase'    

3,979 
-26.7 

1916 
1906 

3,181 

Percent  of  increase' 

6,697 
-52.5 

1916 

1906 

25,403 

20,268 
25.3 

yachts 

1916 
1906 

297 

7  ><-.!  0 

Percent  of  increase      .          

172 
72.7 

Mi*!n'^"!i"pnti«! 

1916 
1906 

222 

118 
88.1 

814 

857 

-5.0 

17,974 

Percent  of  increase 

11,  820 
62.1 

Sail 

Percent  ofincrease' 

1916 
1906 

21,445 
54,878 
-60.9 

1916 
1906 

Freieht  and  Dassencer 

2,3.-)7 
5,181 
-54.5 

569 
1,.594 
-64.3 

76 

356 

-78.7 

20,311 

20,263 

0.2 

1,156,354 

1,672,.S62 

-30.9 

11,387 
24,  l.M 
-52.9 

3,433 

7,260 
-52.7 

4.981,2.54 

7,129,6.)1 

-30.1 

1,120 
3,028 
-63.0 

528 
1,461 
-63.9 

52 

2.S3 

-81.6 

4,005 

3,813 

5.0 

214, 930 

457,  877 

-53.1 

10,745 
22,540 
-52.3 

1,025 
3,442 
-70.2 

722,644 

662, 740 

9.0 

391 
1,2.52 
-68.8 

35 

116 

-69.8 

4 
35 

1,807 
1,625 
11.2 

142, 926 

433,412 

-67.0 

402 
1,310 
-69.3 

101 
1,034 
-90.2 

344,073 

348,229 

-1.2 

796 

840 

-5.2 

5 
9 

777,534 

728, 714 

6.7 

218 

161 

35.4 

1,848 

909 

103.3 

3,876,938 

6,090,8,57 

-36.3 

50 
61 

1 

8 

7 
30 

260 

177 

46.9 

20,964 

Percent  ofincrease' 

52,859 
-60.3 

Yachts 

1916 

1906 

22 

144 

-84.7 

1916 
1906 

13 
8 

459 

Percent  ofincrease^ 

1,875 
-75.5 

TTnripcod - . .  .  

1916 
1906 

14,239 

14,648 

-2.8 

37,599 

27,805 
35.2 

>  .V  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100. 


*  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinen,'. 


In  explanation  of  the  large  proportion  of  the  total 
number  of  steam  vessels  under  individual  ownership, 
consideration  should  be  given  to  the  fact  that  of  the 
14,581  steam  vessels  8,537,  or  more  than  one-half, 
were  motor-propelled  craft.  No  doubt  most  of  the 
motor  boats  were  owned  by  individuals.  The  ton- 
nage of  motor  boats  as  a  class  averaged  23  in  1916 
and  16  in  1906,  as  comjiared  with  an  average  tonnage 
for  the  strictly  steam  vessels  of  976  and  593,  respec- 
tively. 


In  1916,  although  corporations  owned  only  about 
two-fifths  of  the  total  nimiber  of  those  classed  as 
steam  vessels,  they  represented  over  nine-tenths  of 
the  total  tonnage.  The  proportion  of  the  total  number 
of  sailing  vessels  reported  by  corporations  was  over 
one-fourth  in  1916,  as  against  one-eighth  in  1906,  while 
their  tonnage  represented  practically  t\vo-thirds  in 
1916,  as  compared  with  a  little  over  iM'o-fifths  in  1906. 

Corporations  owned  a  large  majority  of  the  un- 
rigged craft  in  1916,  about  seven-tenths  of  the  total 


UNITED  STATES. 


39 


niunber,  and  a  slightly  larger  proportion  in  1906.  To 
the  overwhelming  corporation  control  of  number  of 
unrigged  craft  in  1916,  as  well  as  in  1906,  a  like  con- 
trol of  the  tonnage  is  added — nearly  four-fifths  in 
1916  and  somewhat  more  than  four-fifths  in  1906.  Of 
the  steam  freight  and  passenger  vessels  coqjorations 
owned  more  than  one-half  of  the  total  number  and 
over  nine-tenths  of  the  total  tonnage  at  both  censuses, 
and  although  the  proportion  of  the  vessels  so  owned 
was  slightly  less  in  1916  than  in  1906  the  proportion 
of  tonnage  was  greater,  indicating  vessels  of  larger 
average  tonnage  at  the  later  census. 

Individual  ownership  prevailed  in  the  number  of 
sailing  vessels  carrying  freight  and  passengers  in  1916, 
although  the  proportion  of  craft  so  owned  decreased 
from  more  than  one-half  in  1906  to  less  than  one-half 
in  1916.  In  the  tonnage  of  such  vessels,  however, 
corporation  ownership  led,  controlling  more  than 
t%vo-thirds  of  the  total  in  1916,  as  compared  with  a 
little  more  than  two-fifths  in  1906. 

Concerning  tugs,  corporations  reported  slightly  less 
than  three-fifths  of  their  total  nxmiber  in  1916,  a  small 
increase,  however,  since  1906,  but  the  tonnage  so 
owned  increased  from  about  three-foiu-ths  of  the  total 
in  1906  to  nearly  four-fifths  in  1916.  The  ferryboat 
ownership  shows  that  corporations,  although  owning 


more  than  one-half  of  the  total  number  reported 
for  the  United  States  in  1916,  controlled  an  even 
greater  proportion  in  1906,  when  almost  two- 
thirds  were  imder  such  ownership.  The  great  bulk 
of  the  ferryboat  tonnage  in  both  1916  and  1906 — 
over  four-fifths  in  both  years — was  owned  by  corpo- 
rations, although  the  proportion  in  1916  was  slightly 
less  than  that  in  1906.  Individual  ownership  was 
greatly  predominant  in  the  number  and  tonnage  of 
yachts,  both  steam  and  sail — over  nine-tentlis  at  both 
censuses.  In  the  miscellaneousgroup individual  owner- 
ship was  also  predominant  in  number  of  steam  vessels, 
but  in  tonnage  it  gave  place  to  corporations.  In  sail- 
ing vessels  the  miscellaneous  class  was  comparatively 
insignificant  and  shows  increases  only  for  vessels  xmder 
corporate  ownership. 

CONSTRUCTION. 

The  number  and  gross  tonnage  of  documented 
vessels  built  in  American  shipyards  each  year  from 
1889  to  June  .30,  1916,  are  shown  in  Table  28,  grouped 
according  to  the  character  of  the  materials  used  in 
their  construction.  As  wiU  be  seen,  the  banner  year 
for  construction  of  vessels  of  metal,  both  number  and 
tonnage,  was  in  1908,  while  for  construction  of  wooden 
vessels,  1901  shows  the  largest  number  of  vessels  built, 
but  1891  the  greatest  amount  of  tonnage. 


Table  28.— CLASS,  NUMBER,  AND  GROSS  TONNAGE  OF  METAL  AND  WOODEN  \T;SSELS  BUILT  IN  THE  UNITED 

STATES  AND  DOCUMENTED:  1889-1916.' 


YEAR   ESDED 
JUNE  30 — 


18S9 
1890 
1891 
1892, 
1893, 

1S94, 
1S95, 
1896, 
1897, 
1898. 

1899, 
1900 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 

1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
190S. 

1909. 
1910, 
19U. 
1912. 

1913. 
1914. 
191.5. 
1916. 


AGGKEGATE. 


Metal. 


Num- 
ber. 


Tons. 


62,356 
84,659 
109. 146 
51,269 
96,662 


51,536 

49,306 

101,598 

71  126,085 

64|  62,325 


92  131,756 
92  197, 125 
121262,730 
107  280,362 
108,258,219 

98'24 1,080 
89  182,740 
115  297,270 
129'348,55S 
149,450,017 

89'l.36,923 
119250,624 
126201,973 
104 1 135,881 

132231,662 
122|205,431 
71130,882 
9.'.  238, 772 


Wood. 


Num- 
ber. 


Tons. 


1,023  168,778 

9«l209,463 

1,29:!|  260, 15(1 

1,3341148,364 

87,SlH4,917 

798  79,659 
649|  62,296 
663  I2.i,498 
820: 106,147 
888]  US,  133 


1,181(168,282 
1,35.)[1%,621 
1,4.591220,759 
1,3.S4:181,469 
1,203  177,933 

1,086  1-37,462 
1,013' 147,  .576 
1, 106  121,  475 
1,02h'122,777 
1,308164,199 


1,158 
1,242 
1,296 
1,401 

1,343 

1,029 

1,086 

842 


101,167 

91,444 
89,  lS9t 
96,7881 

114,493 
110,819 
94,240 

86,641 


Total. 


Num- 
ber. 


440 
410 

488 
438 
380 


Tons. 


159,318 
159,045 
185,037 
92,531 
134,308 


293  83,720 
248j  69,754 
286  138,028 
288  106,153 
394,105,838 

439151,058 
422  202,528 
506|273,591 
579  308, 178 
551  271,781 


613 

560 
650 
674 
923 


255,744 
197, 702 
31.5,707 
365, 405 
481,624 


821  148,208 

936  2.57,993 

%9' 227, 231 

l,051jl53,493 


1,004 

77S 
751 
624 


243,408 
224,225 
1.54,990 
250,125 


Metal. 


Num- 
ber. 


Tons. 


62.261 

79,342 
102,6.30 
45,8% 
82,933 

46,889 
43,335 
82,311 
Si,  140 
48,560 

83  112.781 

81  167,9.57 

102;236, 159 

102  270,932 

100  240, 107 

88|222,307 
68  17(1.  404 

100  28-<,  994 
108  333, 516 
132  442,625 

671123,142 
94  234, 98S 
112  195,964 
81  119, 181 

104  2a5,675 

101  195,611 
63  129,021 
78  234,997 


Wood. 


Num- 
ber. 


388 
349 
407 
386 
319 

255 
2U 
239 
240 
342 

356 
341 
404 
477 
451 

525 
492 
550 
566 
791 

754 
842 
857 
970 

900 
677 
688 
516 


Tons. 


97,057 
79, 703 
82,407 
46,635 
51,375 

36,831 
26,419 
55,717 
23.013 
57,278 

3?,2T7 
34.. 571 
37.4.32 
37, 246 
31,674 

33,437 
27,29S 
26, 713 
31,8S9 
38,999 

25,066 
23,005 
31.267 
34,312 

37,733 
28,614 
25,966 
15,  lis 


Total. 


Num- 


Tons. 


489  50,570 
505102,873 
73:i;i44,290 
846  83,217 
493    49,348 


477 
397 
369 
338 
359 

420 


37,827 
34,900 
65,236 
64,308 
34,416 


98,073 
504  116,416 
526  126. 155 
5S1  97,698 
470  89,979 


330 
310 
229 
147 
134 

141 

127 
82 
95 

72 
51 
51 
34 


64,908 
79,418 
3-5,209 
21,90' 
31,981 

28,950 
19,3-58 
10,092 
21,221 

28,610 
13, 749 
8,021 
14,765 


Metal. 


Num- 
ber. 


Tons. 


95 
184 
211 
415 
2,012 

4,647 
5,26: 
15,  .800 
31,424 
6,724 

16, 152 
29,168 
21,746 
8,406 
12,181 

15,290 
3,225 
3,077 
5,655 


7,985 
3,699 
1,290 
6,097 

13,000 


Wood. 


Num- 
ber. 


487 
503 
729 
841 
485 

475 
394 
353 
328 
357 

415 

493 
511 
578 
466 

326 
305 
22: 
143 
134 

132 
121 
81 
90 

66 
51 
51 
31 


Tons. 


50,475 
102,589 
144,079 
82,80;' 
47,336 

33,180 
29,633 
49,436 
32.884 
27,692 

81,921 

87,218 
104,419 
89,292 
77,795 

49,618 
76, 193 
32, 132 
19,2.W 
31,981 

20,965 
15,659 
8,302 
15,124 

15,610 

13, 749 

8,021 

14,765 


UN*P.IG<^CI>. 


Total. 


Num- 
ber. 


148 
136 
163 
111 

83 

6S 

49 

68 

265 


Tons. 


21,246 

32, 204 1 
39,975i 
23,885' 
27,923 

9,648 

6,948 

23,832 

61,771 


199|  40,204 


414 
521 

548 
Sil 
290 

241 
232 
342 
336 


50,907 
74,802 
83,733 
02,95.' 
74,392 

57,890 
5;!.  196 
67,829 
81,020 


400  100,611 


285 
298 
3' 
359 

399 
322 
355 

279 


60,932 
64,717 
53,839 
57,955 

74,137 
78,276 
62,111 
60,523 


Metal. 


Wood. 


Num- 
ber. 


Tons, 


5,133 
6,30-' 
4,958 
11,717 


5  704 
7  3,4S7 
13    11,521 


10 


7,041 
2,823 


7  4,S25 
2  1,024 
4     5,928 


3,4.S3 
9,111 
5,199 
9,3,84 
7,392 

5,796 
11,937 

4,719 
10,603 

12,987 
9,820 
1,858 
3,775 


Num- 
ber. 


148 
r.l 
1-57 
107 
74 


Tons, 


21,246 
27,071 
33,670 
18,927 
16,206 


9,648 
6,244 
20,345 
252  50,250 
189  33,163 


410  48,084 
521  74,802 
511  78,908 
329,  61,931 
286  68, 4&) 

235  54,407 
216'  44,085 
331  62,630 
319|  71,636 
383  93,219 


272 

279 
358 
341 

377 
301 
347 
262 


55jl36 
52,7S0 
49,120 
47,352 

61,150 
68,456 
60,253 
56,74S 


1  From  the  reports  of  the  Commissioner  of  Navigation,  l)epartment  of  Commerce. 


*  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


40 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


The  figures  in  Table  28  include  the  outjjut  of  Hawaii 
and  Porto  Rico,  which  combined  in  1916  represented 
only  a  total  of  6  vessels  with  a  tonnage  of  87,  as 
shown  in  the  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Naviga- 
tion for  1916. 

In  1906  the  total  number  of  metal  vessels  built  in  the 
United  States  and  documented  was  115  and  their  ton- 
nage was  297,270;  in  1916  the  number  was  only  95 
with  a  toimage  of  238,772,  decreases  that  were  dis- 
tributed among  aJl  classes  of  vessels,  except  the  number 
of  imrigged  vessels,  which  increased.  The  most  notable 
loss  in  vessels  constructed  of  metal  was  in  sailing  vessels, 
none  having  been  built  since  1913,  when  6  with  a  gross 
tonnage  of  13,000  were  reported.     The  number  and 


tonnage  of  wooden  vessels  built  and  documented  also 
shows  a  decrease;  there  were  1,106  with  a  tonnage  of 
121,475  built  in  1906,  but  only  842  with  a  tonnage  of 
86,641  in  1916.  The  decrease  in  tonnage  is  pro- 
nounced both  in  steam  and  sail,  but  less  marked  in 
unrigged  craft. 

The  value  of  the  vessels  as  shown  in  this  report  does 
not  represent  the  initial  cost  of  construction,  but  the 
commercial  or  other  value  placed  upon  the  craft  by 
the  owners,  and  while  the  statistics  indicate  the  rela- 
tive importance  of  metal,  wooden,  and  composite 
vessels,  based  U])on  this  valuation,  such  figures  should 
be  carefully  considered  with  those  showing  the  in- 
creases or  decreases  in  their  number  and  tonnage. 


Table  29,— NUMBER,  GROSS  TONNAGE,  AND  VALUE  OF  VESSELS  IN  EACH  DIVISION,    BY  CHARACTER   OF   CON- 
STRUCTION, WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE:  1916,  1906,  AND  1889. 


TOTAL. 

METAL. 

WOOD. 

COMPOSITE. 

DIVISION  AND    CENSUS  YEAR. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
n.ige. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Total: 

1916 

37,894 
37,321 
30, 485 

12,249,990 
12,893,429 
8,. 3.59, 135 

$9.59,925,364 
507,973,121 
206,992,352 

3,298 

1,979 

648 

5,814,903 

3,276,723 

525,218 

1725,373,070 
306,229.289 
50,918,319 

34,477 
35,247 
29,8.14 

6,376,401 
9,581,348 
7, 793, 259 

$227,930,398 
1 99, 135,  .582 
1.53,. 5.52, 913 

119 
95 
103 

58, 686 
35,3.58 
411,658 

$6,621,896 

1906 

2,608,250 

1889 

2.. 521, 120 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico: ' 

1916  .             

21,658 
20,032 
12,238 

4,092 
2,  .537 
1,635 

2,8.56 
2,990 
2,737 

7,239 
9,622 
7,300 

2,049 
2.140 
6,575 

1.5 
24.3 

6,508,617 
4,851,421 
2,l»8,445 

1,185,961 
977,687 
419, 157 

2,737,491 

2,392,8a3 
920,294 

1,621,495 
4,411,967 
3,364,610 

196,426 
2.59,491 
996, 629 

—5.0 
46.5 

629,074,203 

273,105,915 
116,042,062 

127,310,646 
76,622,(i33 
21,824,040 

174,765,,526 
1.30.805,640 
48,5.80,174 

23,030,503 
22,a52,142 
14,407,162 

5,744,486 
4,. 586, 791 
6,138,914 

89.0 
363.7 

1,769 

1,148 

434 

242 

130 
23 

832 

572 

85 

411 
107 

2,776,363 

1,247,838 
364,283 

560,486 
354, 134 
48, 121 

2,3.53,777 

1,634,1.53 

111,410 

116,112 
33,893 

476,382,954 
1.55,776,134 
33,622,030 

8.5,9.82,587 
41,375,742 
6,613,065 

1.5.5,231,482 

105,729,416 

10, 574, 224 

6,392,750 
2,580,682 

19,850 

18,827 
11,714 

3.. 846 
2.404 
1,610 

1,993 
2,391 
2,641 

6,796 
9,513 
7,300 

1,992 
2,112 
6,  .569 

-2.2 
1.5.6 

3,720,454 

3,. 591, 278 
2,269,658 

624,064 
622.  606 
369, 738 

341,603 

737,386 
794, 128 

1,. 502, 966 
4,377,480 
3,364,610 

187,314 
2,52,698 
995,225 

-33.4 

-18.2 

1.50,657,529 
115, 877,  .581 
81,236,912 

41,142.417 
35,168,891 
15,100,975 

1.5,550,105 
24,075,474 
36,777,950 

16,370,993 
20,213,460 
14,407,162 

4,209,3.54 
3,800,176 
6,029,914 

14.5 
48.4 

39 

57 
90 

4 
3 
2 

31 
27 
U 

32 
2 

11,800 

12,305 
24,604 

1,411 

947 

1,298 

42,111 

21,324 
14,756 

2,417 
594 

2,033,720 

1906 

1,4.52,200 

1889 

1,183,120 

Pacific  coast  (including  Ala.ska): ' 

1916 

185,642 

1906 

78,000 

1889 

110,000 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River: 
1916 

3, 983, 939 

1906 

1 ,  ono,  7.50 

1889 

1 , 228, 000 

Missisippi  River  and  its  tributaries: « 

1916  

266, 760 

1906 .   . 

58,000 

1889 

AH  other  inland  waters:  > 

1916 

44 

22 
6 

66.6 

8,165 
6,705 
1,404 

77.5 

1,383,297 

767,315 
109,000 

136.9 

13 
6 

947 
188 

151,83)5 

1906 

19,300 

1889 

PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE.' 

Total: 

1906-1916 

is.'s' 

66.0 
44.3 

153.9 

1889-1916 

162.7 

Atlantic  coast  and  Oulf  of  Mexico: 

1906-1916 

8.1 
77.0 

61.3 

150.3 

-4.5 
4.3 

-24.8 
—0.8 

-4.3 

-68.8 

34.2 
144.8 

21.3 
182.9 

14.4 
197.5 

-63.2 
-51.8 

-24.3 
-803 

130.3 
442.1 

66.2 
483.4 

33.6 

259.7 

0  8 
59.9 

2.5.2 

-6.4 

54.1 

122.5 

205.8 

6.4 

69.5 

60  0 
138.9 

-16.6 
-24.6 

-28.6 
-6.9 

-.5.7 
-69.7 

3.6 
63.9 

0  2 
68.8 

-.5.3.7 
-57.0 

-6.5.7 
-55.3 

-25.  8 
—81.2 

30.0 
85.5 

17.0 
172.4 

-3.5.4 

-57.7 

-19.0 
13.6 

10.8 
-30.2 

-4.1 
-52.0 

■     49.0 
8.7 

97.5 
185.4 

306.9 

40.0 

1889-1916 

71.9 

Pacific  coa.st  (Including  Alaska): 

1906-191 6 

86.2 

58.3 

107.8 

138. 0 

1889-1916 

68.8 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River: 
1906-191 6 

4.5.5 

44.0 

46.8 

298.1 

1889-1916 

224.4 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries: 
1906-1916 

284.1 

242.6 

147.7 

S59.9 

1889-1916 

All  other  inland  waters: 
1906-1916 

21.8 

80.3 

403.7 

686.7 

1889-1916 

1 

I  The  character  of  con'^truotion  of  unrigged  craft  was  not  reported  in  1889,  but  for  purposes  of  comparison  in  this  table  all  were  assumed  to  be  of  wood. 

*  The  ch;iracter  of  construction  was  not  reported  in  1889,  but  for  purposes  of  comparison  in  this  table  all  vessels  were  assumed  to  be  of  wood. 

»  The  character  of  construction  was  not  reported  for  14  vessels  operating  on  the  Red  River  (of  the  North)  and  6,514  canal  boats  in  1889,  but  for  purposes  of  comparison 
In  this  table  all  of  these  were  assumed  to  be  of  wood. 

*  A  minus  sign  ( — )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100,  or  when  figures  are  known  not  to  be  comparable. 


At  the  census  of  1889  the  character  of  construction 
of  vessels  was  not  reliably  reported.  A  careful  com- 
parison of  growth,  therefore,  is  best  limited  to  the 
figures  shown  for  the  censuses  of  1916  and  1906. 

Although  in  1916,  as  in  1906  and  1889,  the  largest 
proportion  of  the  tonnage  of  vessels  in  the  United 


States  was  of  wooden  construction,  the  gross  tonnage 
of  vessels  of  metal  and  also  of  composite  construction 
shows  substantial  increases  during  the  ten-year  period 
1906-1916,  while  that  of  wooden  vessels  shows  a  large 
decrease,  amounting  to  3,204,947  tons,  or  33.4  per  cent. 
Of  this  reduction  in  the  tonnage  of  wooden  vessels, 


UNITED  STATES. 


41 


2,874,514  tons,  or  nearly  nine-tenths,  was  confined  to  the 
Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries  and  represented 
the  decrease  in  the  unrigged  tormage  for  that  division. 
Wooden  vessels  operated  on  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 
coasts  showed  a  slight  increase  in  this  respect.  Tlie 
gross  tonnage  of  vessels  constructed  of  metal  has  shown 
a  steady  increase  since  1889  for  the  United  States  as  a 


whole  and  for  the  several  divisions.  Prom  1906  this 
increase  for  the  United  States  amoimted  to  2,538,180 
tons,  or  77.5  per  cent.  The  largest  actual  increase 
shown  for  any  division  occurred  in  the  Atlantic  coast 
and  Gulf  of  Mexico,  metal  vessels  operating  in  the 
waters  of  this  division  increasing  1,528,525  tons,  or 
122.5  per  cent. 


Diagram  4.— GROSS  TONNAGE  OF  VESSELS,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  CHARACTER  OF  CONSTRUCTION:  1916,  1906,  AND  1889. 


ATLANTIC     COAST  .AND  GULF    OF    MEXICO 


1816 
1806 
1888 

1816 
1806 
1688 

1816 
1806 
1888 


PACIFIC     COAST      INCLUDING 


ALASKA 


GREAT     LAKES    AND    ST.  LAWRENCE    RIVER 


METAL 
WOOD 

COMPOSITE 


The  statistics  for  vessels  of  composite  construction 
show  that  for  the  United  States  as  a  whole  the  gain  in 
tonnage  for  the  27  years  covered  by  the  table  was  18,028 
tons,  or  44.3  percent.  There  was  a  slight  decline  dm- 
ing  the  period  1889-1906,  followed  by  a  gain  from  1906 
to  1916  of  23,328  tons,  or  66  per  cent.  None  of  the 
composite  increase  was  reported  for  the  Atlantic  coast 
division,  which  showed  a  loss  of  12,804  tons,  or  52  per 
cent,  during  the  27  years,  and  505  tons,  or  4.1  per 
cent,  from  1906  to  1916.  At  the  census  of  1889  the 
character  of  construction  was  not  reported  for  the 
Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries  and  only  partly 


for  '"All  other  inland  waters,"  but  the  gain  in  vessels 
of  composite  construction  in  the  former  division  from 
1906  to  1916  was  1,823  tons,  or  306.9  per  cent,  and  in 
the  latter  it  was  759  tons,  or  403.7  per  cent.  The 
Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River  division  held 
first  place  in  tormage  of  composite  construction  in 
both  1906  and  1916,  reporting  60.3  per  cent  of  the 
total  in  1906  and  71.8  per  cent  in  1916.  This  division 
showed  a  gain  in  this  class  of  tonnage  of  27,355  tons, 
or  1S5.4  per  cent,  during  the  27  years  covered  by  the 
table,  and  20,787  tons,  or  97.5  per  cent,  during  the 
10-year  period  1906-1916. 


42 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Diagram  5.— VALUE  OF  VESSELS,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  CHARACTER  OF  CONSTRUCTION:  1916,  190G,  AND  1889. 

ATLANTIC  COAST  AND  GULF  OF  MEXICO 


1916 
1906 
l889Kgg 


PACIFIC     COAST     INCLUDING 


ALASKA 


AND    ST.  LAWRENCE     RIVER 


\zzz^/^z^</zzm 
'^>zz&^z^m^ 


191 

1906 

'889g^^ 


1916 
1906 
1889 


MISSISSIPPI     RIVER     AND    TRIBUTARIES 


ALL    OTHER    INLAND    WATERS 


HUNDREDS  OF  MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 
•  ALL  OTHER 


COMPOSITE 
.^^$6,621,896 


•^''LANTlC 

The  increase  or  decrease  in  the  relative  importance 
of  metal,  wooden,  and  composite  tonnage  in  the  dif- 
ferent divisions  is  shown  in  Table  30. 

Of  the  total  tonnage  of  vessels  of  all  classes  of  con- 
struction, great  changes  are  noticeable  for  the  several 
divisions  from  census  to  census.  In  18S9  the  greatest 
proportion,  40.3  per  cent,  is  shown  for  the  Mississippi 
Kiver,  this  proportion  decreasing  to  34.2  per  cent  in 
1906,  and  13.2  per  cent  in  1916.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  Atlantic  coast  increased  its  proportion  from  31.8 
per  cent  in  1889  to  37.6  in  1906  and  53.1  in  1916. 
The  proportions  for  the  Pacific  coast  increased  slightly 
at  each  census,  while  the  Great  Lakes  division,  which 
had  11  per  cent  in  1889,  doubled  this  proportion  in 
1916.  "All  other  inland  waters,"  although  reporting 
11.9  per  cent  in  1S89,  had  but  1.6  per  cent  in  1916. 
The  proportions  for  the  several  classes  of  construction 
show  some  remarkable  changes.  In  1889  the  At- 
lantic coast  was  first  in  metal  and  composite  tonnage, 
but  in  the  latter  class  decreased  from  60.5  per  cent  in 
1889  to  20.1  per  cent  in  1916,  although  still  first  in 
metal  at  that  census.  The  Great  Lakes  shows  decided 
prominence  in  metal  and  in  composite  construction, 
reporting  71.8  per  cent  of  the  latter  class  in  1916. 


Table  30. — Per  Cent  of  Total  Gro.ss  Tonnage  op  Metal, 
Wood,  and  Composite  Vessels,  by  Divisions:  1916,  1906,  and 
1889. 


PER  CENT 

OF  TOTAL. 

DIVISION  AND  CENSUS  TEAB. 

Total. 

Metal. 

Wood. 

Com- 
posit«. 

Total: 
1916... 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100. 0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

1906 

100.0 

1889 

100.0 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico: 

1916 

53.1 
37.6 
31.8 

9.7 
7.6 
S.0 

22.3 
18.6 
11.0 

13.2 
34.2 
40.3 

1.6 
2.0 
11.9 

47.7 
38.1 
69.4 

9.6 
10.8 
9.2 

40.5 
49.9 
21.2 

2.0 
1.0 

0.1 
0.2 
0.3 

58.3 
37.5 
29.1 

9.8 
6.5 
1.7 

5.4 
7.7 
10.2 

23.6 
45.7 
43.2 

2.9 
2.6 
12.8 

20.1 

1906 

34.8 

1889...                                       

60.5 

Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska): 

1916 

2.4 

1906 

2.7 

1889 

3.2 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River: 

1916 

71.8 

1906 

60.3 

1889 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries: 

1916  ..              

36.3 
4.1 

1906 

1.7 

1SS9...              

All  other  inland  waters: 

1916 

1.6 

1906 

0.S 

1889 

United  States: 

1916 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

47.5 

25.4 

6.3 

52.0 
74.3 
93.2 

0.5 

1906...                        .    .               

0.3 

1889 

0.5 

UNITED  STATES. 


43 


The  Mississippi  River  led  in  the  proportion  of  wooden 
tonnage  in  1889  and  1906  but  decreased  greatly  in 
1916,  when  its  proportion  was  23.6  per  cent.  Metal 
and  composite  construction  was  chiefly  confined  to 


the  Great  Lakes  and  the  Atlantic  coast,  these  two 
divisions  combined  reporting  about  nine-tenths  of  the 
metal  and  a  larger  proportion  of  the  composite  ton- 
nage at  each  census.    . 


Table  31,— VESSELS  OF  EACH  OCCUPATION  IN  EACH  DIVISION,  GROUPED  BY  CHARACTER  OF  CONSTRUCTION:  1916. 


I 


I 


i 

TOTAL.                                                           METAL. 

WOOD. 

COMPOSITE. 

CLASS,  OCCCT.VTION,  AND  DIMSIOX. 

X'um- 
l;cr  of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Xum- 

berof 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 

vessels. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Num- 
ber 01 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

STEAM.' 

5,362 

5,432,353 

$677,475,337 

1,440 

4,869,1,80 

5620,481,652 

3,877 

513, 195 

$.51,569,8.85 

45 

49,978 

55,423,800 

At.lnntip  rna^f.  And  finlf  nf  MpTico 

2,798 

1,005 

910 

389 

70 

190 

3,689 

2,403,734 

611,021 

2,3.50,  o.:o 

48,602 

8,5S6 

10,360 

264,135 

430,299,612 

89,401,958 

151,018,091 

4,-531,749 

814,381 

1,406,546 

54,909,49.5 

727 
146 
517 

30 
6 

14 

581 

2,221,782 

44.5,029 

2,185,489 

10,018 

3,542 

3,320 

96,930 

405,238,037 

70,721,999 

141,893,732 

1,. 543,  .526 

466,699 

617,639 

26,098,625 

2,0.59 
&57 
373 
358 
62 
168 

3,096 

172,448 
165,467 
125,526 
38,362 
4,6-8 
6,734 

165,8.56 

23,389,106 

18,605,2.34 

5,393,713 

2,963,223 

297,682 

720,907 

28,575,588 

12 

2 

20 

1 
2 
8 

12 

9,  .504 
525 
39,03.5 
222 
3.S6 
306 

1,349 

1,472,449 
77,705 

3,730,648 
2.5,000 
50,000 
68,000 

23.5,282 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  LawTence  Kiver 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries 

Canals  and  otiier  inland  waters  of  Xew  York  state. 
All  other  inland  wt^tprs.    , 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico 

1,8.56 

642 

301 

736 

59 

95 

3,478 

1.53,122 
35,600 
19,590 
49,865 
2,083 
3,873 

96,681 

37,  ,841, 756 

6,866,384 

3,602,554 

5,917,111 

274,26.5 

407,425 

15,910,757  , 

3.S.S 
21 
99 
60 
10 
3 

69 

72,275 
4,565 
10,214 
9,120 
701 
55 

8,665 

20,109,216 

2,087,664 

2,161,825 

1,  .596, 356 

131,000 

12,534 

1,881,828 

1,467 

621 

200 

668 

49 

91 

3,407 

80,737 

31,035 

9  267 

17,721,539 
4,778,720 

1    d99  7.=i.1 

1 

110 

10,971 

Pacific  coast  (including  A  laska) 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River 

2 

8 

109- 
902 

17  9~6 

MpRsis.sippi  River  and  its  trlNitnries 

39  843  '    i'l^'r^T 

182,000 

Canals  arid  other  inland  waters  of  X'ew  York  state . 

1,384 
3,590 

87,991 

14.3,265 
370,556 

14.022.129 

AH  other  inland  wafers 

1 
2 

228 
25 

24,333 
6,800 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gtilf  of  Mexico 

2,011 
830 
606 

8 

61,056 

25,301 

10,196 

92 

9,647,473  i 

5,054,418  1 

1,190,866  1 

14,400  i 

19 
13 
35 

3,819 
3,447 
1,399 

8sfi,  SOO 
749,000 
246,028 

1,992 

835 

.569 

8 

57,237 

21,8.54 

8,772 

92 

8,760,673 

4,305,418 

938,038 

14,400 

Pacific  coast  (including  Ala.'^ka) 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  Kiver 

2 

25 

6  800 

Mississippi  R  i vcr  and  its  tributaries 

Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  Xew  York  state . 

All  other  inland  waters 

3 

611 

36 

224,328 

3,600 

23,227,174 

3 

±M1 

36 
83,305 

3,600 
7,4.81,673 

[.•.....1 

Ferryboats 

166 

140,151 

15  611  ft>2 

4 

872 

104,437 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico 

262 
76 
43 

213 
3 
14 

3,785 

1.53,818 

51,480 

7,264 

11,263 

66 

437 

111,630 

14,664,863 

6,607,936 

874,675 

1,014,930 

12,500 

52,250 

33,447,143 

127 
9 
11 

18 

117,188 
14,036 
3,881 
4,875 

12,2.51,138 

2,341,001 

630,373 

393,550 

135 
66 
32 

192 
3 
13 

3,587 

36,630 

36,644 

3,383 

6,316 

66 

266 

65,514 

2,413,723 

4,168,998 

244,302 

614,900 

12,500 

27,250 

16,345,319 

Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska)  . . 

1 

SOO 

97,987 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River 

3 

72 

Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York  state . 

All  other  inland  waters 

1 
179 

171 
44,528 

25,000 
16,610,324 

Yachts 

19 

1,578 

491,. 300 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico t 

Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska) 

2,587 

293 

459 

325 

32 

89 

1,134 

81,766 
8,417 

13,124 

6,429 

671 

1,213 

63,126 

25,590,224 
2,139,937 
4,167,560 
1,206,153 

1.59,450  ! 

183,819 

13,095,960 

121 

7 

29 

20 

1 
1 

96 

34,469 

3,68.5 

4,859 

1,480 

20 

15 

23,923 

12,971,874 

1,184,000 

2,079,000 

336,450 

3.00O 

16,000 

6,939.946 

2,4.52 

2S6 

428 

30) 

29 

88 

1,033 

45,856 
4,732 
8,162 
4,942 
624 
1,198 

40,427 

12, 160, 850 
955,937 
2, 06.5, 569 
848,203 
146.9.50 
167,819 

6,045,897 

14 

1,441 

457,500 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River. .  . . 

2 

1 
2 

103 

7 
27 

23  000 

Canals  arid  other  inland  waters  of  Xew  York  state. 
All  other  inland  waters 

9,500 

Miscellaneous 

5 

776 

110,117 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico... 

844 
107 
124 

37 
6 

16 

2,3.57 

36,  .513 

3,842 

20,402 

3,801 

195 

370 

1,156,354 

9,013.862 

968, 4S2 

2,593,475 

473,091 

31,200 

15,850 

58,273,449 

54 
3 

31 
4 
1 

16,310 

515 

6,336 

730 

12 

4,978,702 

2in,19» 

1,580,0-0 

84.000 

3,000 

788 

104 

88 

32 

5 

16 

2,213 

20,095 
3,327 
13,652 
2,800 
183 
370 

880,365 

4,018,360 

674,28.8 

931,108 

358,091 

28,200 

15,850 

37,984.585 

2 

ICS 

16,800 

Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska) 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River 

2 

i 

414 
254 

go  317 

31,000 

Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  Xew  York  state . 

All  other  inland  waters 

SAIL. 

144 

275,989 

20,288,764 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico 

1,972 

264 
119 

790,630 
220,929 
144,657 

40,824.576 
13,169,036 
4,278,137. 

85 
34 
25 

119,834 
70,643 
83,510 

9,018,773 
7,898,000 
3,341,991 

1,8S7 

230 

94 

670, 796 
150,284 
59,147 

31,775,803 

5.271,036 

936,146 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River 

Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  Xew  York  state . 

1 

1 

1,738 

30 
108 

48,565 

200 
1,500 

3,552,512 

1 
1 

1,735 

30 
108 

48,496 

200 
1,500 

3,547,812 

All  other  inland  waters  

Tishipg  vessels 

3 

69 

4,700 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico 

i.ns 

20 

44,  .524 
4,041 

3,392,632 
1.59,860 

3 

69 

4,700 

1,715 
20 

44,455 
4,0U 

3,387,9.52 
159,860 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River 

All  other  inland  wf^ters 

Yachts 

5C9 

11,387 

1,940,513 

10 

2,844 

WO,  000 

549 

8,099 

1,223,013 

10 

444 

77,500 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico 

495 
29 
42 

10,180 
592 

495 

1,792,288 
71,125 
70,150 

10 

2,844 

640,000 

476 
28 
42 

6,973 
506 
495 

1,084.78.8 
61.12.3 
70,150 

9 
1 

35S 
86 

67,500 

10,000 

Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  Xew  York  state  i         ^ 

120 

6,930 

3 

120 

6,950 

Miseellanpoiis. . 

76 

3,433 

336,533 

76 

3,433 

336.533 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico..    . 

72 

2,616 
519 
298 

314,033 
19,500 
3,000 

1 

72 
3 

1 

2,616 
519 
298 

314.033 
19,500 
3,000 

3 

1 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries 

;:::::.:::::. i::;:;:: 

All  other  inland  waters 

:::::::::::::::;: 

1 

■  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


44 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  :U.— VESSELS  OF  EACH  OCCUPATION  IN  EACH  DIVISION,  GROUPED  BY  CHARACTER  OF  CONSTRUCTION: 

1916— Continued. 


. 

TOTAL. 

METAL. 

WOOD. 

COMPOSITE. 

CLA33,  OCCUPATION,  AND   DmSION. 

Num- 
ber o( 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

UNKIGGED. 

1,501 

198,120 

12,202,7.52 

4 

1,273 

$50,000 

1,497 

196,847 

$2,152,752 

Atlantic  coast  and  GuU  of  Mexico 

445 

63,730 

914,437 

4 

1,273 

50,000 

441 

62,457 

864,437 

Pacific  coast  ( incliidintr  Alaska ) 

Missi.;sippi  niverand  its  tributaries 

651 
403 

18,810 

84.696 
49,694 

4,  783, 134 

974,095 
314,220 

9.5,017,008 

651 
405 

1.8, 108 

84,696 
49,694 

4,419,360 

974,095 
314,220 

76,215,051 

678 

360,085 

18,622,697 

24 

3,689 

$179,260 

10,327 

1,673 

857 

5,  .539 

153 

261 

2, 812,  .508 

2-53,561 

181,611 

1,501,. 532 

18,  .841 

15,081 

67,  SIS,  .552 

8,063,288 

8, 157,  884 

9,  .887, 449 

584,198 

505,  &3  7 

2,53 
22 
117 
279 
1 
6 

190,3.88 
22,011 
57,488 
89,8<;9 
100 
229 

11,095,164 
1,455,729 
3,544,511 
2,418,868 
!-0,000 
28,425 

10,073 

1,651 

735 

.5,242 

152 

255 

2,621,841 

231,. 550 

121,673 

1,  410, 703 

18,741 

14.852 

56,714,888 

6, 607,  .559 

4,463,573 

7,447,821 

504, 198 

477.212 

1 

279 

Pacific  cojist  (including'  Alaska) 

5 
18 

2,450 
960 

150,000 
20,760 

NXJMBER   AND  TONNAGE. 

The  tonnage  of  a  vessel  is  her  carrying  capacity  or 
weight  expressed  in  tons.  Gross  and  net  tonnage  are 
used  in  tonnage  figures  for  vessels  in  this  report. 
Gross  tonnage  represents  the  cubic  feet  capacity  below 
the  upper  deck  and  also  that  of  deck  house,  etc., 
above  deck,  divided  by  100.  The  net  tonnage  differs 
by  reason  of  deducting  space  occupied  by  machinery, 
officers'  and  crews'  quarters,  etc.,  and  then  dividing 
by  100. 

The  minimum  size  of  craft  included  in  the  census  is 
"5  tons,  net  register."  This  term  as  used  for  census 
purposes  for  a  doctimented  vessel  means  one  the 
internal  cubical  contents  of  which  are  500  cubic  feet, 
e.xcluding  machinery  and  space  occupied  by  the  crew, 
and  in  the  case  of  a  vessel  not  documented  it  was  con- 
strued to  mean  a  vessel  with  a  carrying  capacity  of  10 
tons  of  cargo  of  2,000  poimds  each. 

The  gross  and  net  tonnage  were  secured  without 
difficulty  for  documented  craft.  For  the  undocu- 
mented craft,  however,  although  the  gross  tonnage 
could  generally  be  obtained,  it  was  not  always  possible 
to  obtain  a  satisfactory  report  of  the  net  tonnage,  and 
in  many  instances  estimates  were  accepted.  For 
this  reason  the  figures  for  gross  tonnage  seemed  to  be 
the  more  reliable  and  they  are  used,  as  a  rule,  there- 
fore, in  the  tables  of  this  report. 

Nautical  terms  include  two  other  tonnage  units, 
namely,  displacement  tonnage  and  dead-weight  ton- 
nage. Displacement  tonnage  is  used  in  the  United 
States  chiefly  for  war  vessels  and  represents  the  amount 
of  water  displaced  at  their  maximimi  draft,  while  the 
dead-weight  tonnage  represents  the  carrying  capacity, 
which  is  about  two-thirds  of  the  displacement  ton- 
nage. The  freight-carrying  capacity  of  a  vessel  may 
be  estimated  by  tons  of  40  cubic  feet. 

Table  32  shows  both  gross  and  net  tonnage  for  the 
the  different  classes  of  vessels,  1916  and  1906. 


Table  32. — Gross  and  Net  Tonnage,  with  Per  Cent  Net  Is 
OF  Gross  Tonnage,  by  Class  and  Occupation  op  Vessels: 
1916  AND  1906. 


GROSS  TONNAGE. 


CLASS  AND  OCCtn*ATION. 


191A 


Total 

Steam' 

Freight  and  pas- 
senger  

Tugs  and  other 
towing  vessels . . 

Ferryboats 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 

Sail 

Freight  and  pas- 
senger   

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 

Unrigged 

Canal  boats 

Miscellaneous 


12,249,990 


6,097,562 

5,432,353 

264,135 

224,328 

111,620 

65,126 

1,171,174 

1,156,3.54 
11,387 
3,433 

4,981,254 

198,120 

4,783,134 


1906 


12,893,429 


4,059,521 

3,411,588 

261, 375 

26f;073 

82,275 

43,210 

1,704,277 

1, 672, 862 

24,155 

7,260 

7,129,631 

303, 581 

0,826,050 


NET  TONNAOE. 


Number  of  tons. 


1916 


10, 158, 998 


4,  246,  429 

3,794,313 

174,038 
154, 877 
78, 170 
45,031 


1,040,124 
9, 619 
3,135 

4,859,691 

186,260 

4, 673, 431 


1906 


11,484,833 


2,918,476 

2,474,183 

174,373 
187,238 
54,123 
28,559 

1,539,513 

1,510,658 
22,176 
6,679 

7,026,844 

292.386 

6. 734,  458 


Per  cent  net 
is  of  gross 
tonnage. 


1916    1906 


82.9 


69.6 

69.8 

65.9 
09.0 
70.0 
69.1 

89.9 

89.9 
84.5 
91.3 

97.6 
94.0 
97.7 


72.5 

6C.7 
71.7 
65.8 
66.1 

90.3 

90.3 
91.8 
92.0 

98.6 
96.3 
98.7 


'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

As  a  general  proposition,  it  is  fomid  that  the  net 
register  of  steam  vessels  is  about  two-thirds  of  the 
gross,  as  shown  by  the  figures  in  Table  32.  The  pro- 
portion in  the  case  of  sailing  vessels  is  naturally  much 
higher,  as  the  space  occupied  by  machinery  and  for 
accommodation  of  the  crew,  etc.,  is  much  less  than 
that  required  by  steam  vessels.  In  imrigged  craft 
the  gross  and  net  tonnage  are  almost  the  same,  very 
little  space  being  required  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  crew. 

For  all  classes  of  vessels  combined,  the  proportion 
which  the  net  tonnage  constituted  of  the  gross  was 
less  in  1916  than  in  1906,  which  may  be  accounted  for 
by  the  fact  that  steam  tonnage  increased  consider- 
ably between  1906  and  1916,  while  both  sail  and 
unrigged  tonnage  decreased. 


UNITED  STATES. 


45 


Table  33  shows  for  steam,  sail,  and  mirigged  ves-      the  average  tonnage  per  vessel  and  value  per  ton  and 
sals,  in  addition  to  their  number,  tonnage,  and  value,      per  vessel,  by  divisions,  for  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 

Table  33.— NUMBER,  GROSS  TONNAGE.  AND  VALUE  OF  DIFFERENT  CLASSES  OF  VESSELS,  BY  DIVISIONS:  1916, 

1906,  AND  1889. 


DIVISION   IND  CLASS. 


Total. 


Steam'. 


Sail.. 


Unrigged 

Atlantic  coast  and  Clulf  ot  Mexico  . 


Census 
year. 


Steam'. 


Sail.. 


Unrigged. 


Pacific  coast  (including  .Alaska). 


Steam'. 


Sail. 


Unrigged . 


Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River. 


Sail. 


Unrigged. 


Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries . 


Unrigged.. 


.^11  other  Inland  waters . 


Steam'. 


Sail.. 


Unrigged. 


1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 

1SS9 

1916 
19fl6 
1SS9 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 


1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 
18S9 


Number 

of 
vessels. 


37,S94 
37,321 
30,4^5 


14,581 
9,927 
5,603 

3,002 
7,131 
7,945 

20,311 

20,263 
16,937 


21,658 
20,032 
12,238 


8,347 
5,413 
2,536 

2,539 
5,920 
6,277 

10,772 
8,699 
3,425 


4,092 
2,537 
1,635 


Cross 
tonnage. 


Valne  of         Average 

v^ls  'o""^, 

vessels.        jpervesseL 


12,249,990 
12,893,429 
8,359,135 


$959,925,364 
507,973,121 
206,992,352 


323 
345 
274 


6,097,562 
4,059,521 
1,710,073 

1,171,174 
1,704,277 
1,675,706 

4,981,234 
7,129,631 
4,973,356 


6,508,617 
4,851,421 
2,658,445 


2,123 
1,066 

465 

296 
666 
681 

1,673 
805 
489 


2,85« 
2,990 
2,737 


1,837  I 

1,676 

1,467 

162 
531 
962 

857 
783 
308 


,239 

1,622 
,300 


1,700 

1,435 

972 

5,539 
8,187 
6,328 


2,049 
2,140 
6,575 


574 
337 
163 

5 
14 
23 

1,470 
1,789 
6,387 


2,828,953 

1,437,894 

741,770 

803,426 
1,132,905 
1,293,192 

2,876,238 

2,280,622 

623,183 


1,185,961 
977,687 
419,157 


802,155,109 
386,772,727 
131,567,127 

60,550,495 
56,206,145 
53,192,972 

97,219,760 
64,9*4,249 
22,231,953 


418 
409 
3(» 

390 
239 
211 

245 
352 
294 


629,074,203 
273,105,915 
116,042,062 


517,410,317 
193,926,327 
65,518,640 

42,930,897 
37,. 520, 903 
42,685,982 

68,732,989 

41,658,6'I5 

7,837,440 


127,310,646 
76,622,633 
21,824.040 


710,360 
518, 107 
160,293 

222,040 
305,2iN3 
195,508 

253,561 
154,297 
63,356 


2,737,491 

2,392,863 

920,294 


105,987,697 
60,440,145 
14,767,355 

13,259,661 
11,533,171 
6,231,340 

8,063,288 

4,649,317 

825,343 


174,763,526 
130,805,640 
48,580,174 


2,410,430 
1,915,786 
595,813  I 

145,450  1 
265,371 
185,081  I 

181,611  [ 
211,506  , 
139,400 


1,621,495 
4,411,967 
3,3&),610 


119,963 
146,227 
192,974 

1,501,532 
4,263,740 
3,171,636 


196,426 
259,491 
996.629 


27,856 
21,507 
19,223 

258 

518 

1,925 

168,312 
237,466 
975,481 


162,236,355 
116,983,812 
40,868.824 

4,351,287 
7,135,271 
4,238,850 

8,157,884 
6,6.86,557 
3,472.500 


23,030,303 
22,852,142 
14,407,162 


301 
242 
217 


Average    .Vverage 

value    I     value 
per  ton.   pervesseL 


339 
289 
292 

316 
191 
206 

267 
260 
182 


290 
385 
256 


335 
486 
345 

750 
458 

287 

152 
192 
130 


959 
800 
336 


13,143,054 
13.196,770 
9,622,608 

9,887,449 
9,655,372 
4,7*4,554 


5,744,486 
4.586,791 
6,138,914 


3,357,686 

2,225,673 

790,000 

8,650 
16,800 
36,800 

2,378,150 
2,344,318 
5,312.114 


1,312 

1,143 

406 

898 
500 
192 

212 
270 
453 


224 
459 
461 


71 
102 
199 

271 
521 
501 


96 
121 
152 


49 
64 

lis 

52 
37 
77 

114 
133 
153 


$78 

39    ; 

25 


U2 
93 

77 

52 
33 
32 

2D  I 


97 

66 
44 


183 
133 


107 
78 
52 


149 
117 
92 

60 
38 
32 

32 
30 
13 


no 

90 
SO 


121 
103 
41 

34 
32 
19 

14 
10 
5 


$25,332 
13,611 
6,790 


55,014 
38,962 
23,482 

20,170 

7,882 
6,693 

4,787 
3,206 
1,313 


29,046 
13,633 
9,482 


61,988 
35,826 
25,835 

16,909 
6,338 
6,800 

6,381 
4,789 
2,288 


31,112 
30,202 
13,348 


49,924 
56,698 
31,758 

44,796 
17,317 
9,150 

4,820 
5,776 


61,192 
43,748 
17,749 


88,327 
69,799 
27,859 

26,860 
13,437 
4,406 

9,519 
8,340 
11,274 


3,181 
2,375 
1,974 


7,731 
9,196 
9,900 

1,785 

1,179 

756 


2,8M 

2,143 

934 


5,830 
6,604 

4,8J7 

1,730 
1,200 
1,472 

1,618 

1,310 

832 


>  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


46 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


The  average  gross  tonnage  per  vessel,  for  all  classes 
combined,  decreased  from  345  in  1906  to  323  in  1916, 
or  6.4  per  cent.  The  average  value  per  ton,  however, 
increased  100  per  cent,  and  the  average  value  per  ves- 
sel 86.1  per  cent.  Although  the  commercial  valuation 
of  the  vessels  is  gencrallj'  accepted  as  given  by  the 
OAvners,  the  real  basis  of  valuation  is  dependent  largely 
upon  the  supply  and  demand,  which  may  vary  at  dif- 
ferent censuses. 

Vessels  operating  on  the  Great  Lakes  and  St.  Law- 
rence River  increased  in  average  tonnage  from  800  in 
1906  to  959  in  1916,  or  19.9  per  cent,  and  in  average 
value  from  $43,748  to  $61,192,  or  39.9  per  cent.  In 
both  1916  and  1906,  the  average  tonnage  and  value 
of  the  craft  reported  for  this  division  were  consider- 
abl}^  larger  than  the  general  average  for  the  country 
as  a  whole,  or  for  any  of  the  other  divisions.  On  the 
Great  Lakes  there  are  many  vessels  of  large  tomiage 
designed  for  special  methods  of  transportation  and  of 
lading,  and  these  tend  to  place  the  average  tonnage 
and  value  higher  than  in  those  divisions  where  a  large 
niimber  of  small  craft  are  included. 

The  Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico  reported  57.2 
per  cent  of  the  number  of  vessels  in  the  United  States, 
53.1  per  cent  of  the  tonnage,  and  65.5  per  cent  of  the 
value,  but  the  average  tonnage  and  value  were  both 
less  than  in  the  division  of  the  Great  Lakes  and  St. 
Lawrence  River,  which  reported  only  7.5  per  cent  of 
the  total  number  of  vessels,  but  22.3  per  cent  of  the 
tonnage,  and  18.2  per  cent  of  the  value,  the  relative 
proportions  being  quite  different  in  the  two  sections. 

The  average  tonnage  of  the  steam  vessels  in  1906 
and  1916  was  largest  in  the  division  of  the  Great  Lakes 
and  St.  Lawrence  River,  increasing  from  1,143  tons 
in  the  earlier  year  to  1,312  in  the  later.  This  division 
also  reported  the  greatest  average  value  per  vessel  at 
both  censuses,  .?69,799  in  1906  as  compared  with  $88,- 
327  in  1916.  At  both  censuses,  however,  the  greatest 
average  value  per  ton  of  steam  vessels  was  reported 
from  the  Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico  division, 
increasing  from  $133  per  ton  in  1906  to  $183  in  1916. 

Steam  vessels  on  canals  and  inland  waters  are  nec- 
essarily small;  it  is  no  surjirise,  therefore,  that  the 
averages  for  "All  other  inland  waters"  in  1916  were 
generally  the  smallest,  although  excelling  the  Great 
Lakes  division  in  average  value  per  ton. 

The  conditions  as  to  sailing  vessels  for  "All  other 
inland  waters"  in  1916  were  identical  with  those  for 
steam  vessels. 

The  largest  average  value  per  sailing  vessel  in  1916, 
as  well  as  the  average  value  per  ton,  were  shown  for 
the  Pacific  coast  division,  the  average  value  per  ton 
increasing  from  $38  to  $60,  and  the  average  value  per 
vessel  from  $17,317  to  $44,796.  The  largest  average 
tomiage  per  vessel  for  this  class  in  both  1906  and 


1916  was  shown  for  the  Great  Lakes  division,  increas- 
ing from  500  in  1906  to  898  m  1916. 

In  1916  a  great  reduction  appears  in  the  average 
toimage  of  the  unrigged  craft  operated  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River  and  its  tributaries,  which  division  led  in 
this  respect  at  the  census  of  1906.'  The  reduction  in 
the  average  tonnage  of  unrigged  craft  from  521  in 
1906  to  271  in  1916  was  accompanied  by  a  marked 
decrease  in  the  number  of  such  vessels;  the  average 
value  per  ton  and  per  vessel,  however,  increased  con- 
siderably. The  Great  Lakes  and  the  St.  Lawrence 
River  at  both  censuses  was  first  for  this  class  of  craft 
in  average  value  per  ton  and  in  average  value  per  ves- 
sel. The  lowest  average  tonnage  and  value  per  ves- 
sel in  1916  was  shown  for  "All  other  inland  waters," 
while  the  lowest  average  value  per  ton  was  reported 
for  the  "Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries." 

In  order  to  obtain  a  definite  idea  of  the  actual  num- 
ber of  large  and  small  vessels,  as  well  as  the  relative 
importance  of  craft  of  different  sizes,  it  is  necessary 
to  arrange  them  in  groups  according  to  their  gross  ton- 
nage; this  has  been  done  in  Table  34  for  1916  and  1906. 

Of  the  total  number  of  all  classes  of  vessels  reported 
at  the  census  of  1916,  the  largest  nimaber,  13,660,  is 
included  in  the  group  of  from  5  to  49  gross  tons. 
This  was  the  case  also  in  1906,  but  the  nmnber  of 
vessels  in  this  group  represented  a  greater  percentage 
of  the  total  in  1916,  36  per  cent,  as  compared  with 
29.2  in  1906.  In  1916  the  tonnage  for  this  group, 
245,355,  was  only  2  per  cent  of  aU  tonnage,  while  in 
1906  the  proportion  was  still  less,  1.6  per  cent. 

As  to  the  distribution  in  1916  of  the  nmnber  and 
tonnage  of  vessels  in  this  group  by  divisions,  more 
than  one-half  was  reported  from  the  Atlantic  coast 
and  Gulf  of  Mexico  division.  Second  in  these  par- 
ticulars was  the  Pacific  coast,  including  Alaska,  with 
an  increase  since  1906  of  126.1  per  cent  in  number 
and  124.5  per  cent  in  tonnage.  The  Mississippi 
River  and  its  tributaries,  which  at  the  previous  census 
held  second  place  by  a  considerable  margin,  was  third 
m  both  number  and  tonnage  at  the  later  census. 

In  1916  steam  vessels  constituted  over  two-thirds 
of  the  total  niunber  and  nearly  two-thirds  of  the  total 
tonnage  for  vessels  from  5  to  49  tons,  an  increase 
from  less  than  one-half  shown  in  1906. 

The  largest  tonnage  for  1916  is  shown  for  the  group 
of  vessels  of  5,000  tons  and  over,  which  represents 
the  largest  vessels  reported.  The  increase  since  1906 
in  both  number  and  tonnage  of  these  vessels  is  marked, 
187.9  per  cent  in  nmnber  and  170.8  per  cent  in  tonnage. 
These  great  vessels  were  all  steamers  in  both  1916  and 
1906,  with  the  exception  of  three  in  1916  and  four  in 
1906,  which  were  sailing  vessels. 

'  This  decrease  is  explained  in  text  following  Table  1  of  special 
asction  for  that  division. 


UNITED  STATES. 


47 


About  one-half  of  the  total  number  and  tonnage  of 
the  vessels  in  this  group  were  reported  from  the  Great 
Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River  division,  the  remainder 
being  divided  between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacifio  coasts. 
The  former  division  reported  about  two-fifths  of  the 
total  number  and  tonnage  and  the  latter  about  one- 
tenth. 

There  was  a  decrease  from  1906  to  1916  of  3,198,  or 
42.5  per  cent,  in  the  number  of  vessels  with  a  tonnage 


of  from  500  to  2,499,  accompanied  by  a  decrease  in 
tonnage  of  .3,060,382,  or  45.1  per  cent.  While  this 
decrease  took  place  in  all  classes  of  vessels,  the  bulk 
of  it  was  in  the  unrigged  craft,  due  to  a  great  reduc^ 
tion  in  this  class  of  craft  reported  for  the  MLssLssippi 
River  and  its  tributaries.  Changes  in  methods  of 
transporting  coal  in  this  section  are  chiefly  respon- 
sible for  this  large  decrease  in  unrigged  craft  on  the 
Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries. 


Table  34=,— VESSELS  GROUPED  ACCORDING  TO  GROSS  TONNAGE,  BY  DIVISIONS:  1916  AND  1906. 


TOTAL. 

5  TC 

49  TONS. 

OrVISION  AND  CLASS. 

Number  of  vessels. 

Gross  toimage. 

Number  of  vessels. 

Gross  toimage. 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

United  States 

37,894 

37,321 

12,249,990 

12,893,429 

13,660 

10,886 

245,355 

207,660 

Steam  *                       

14,581 
3,002 
20,311 

9,927 
7,131 

20,263 

6,097,562 
1,171,174 
4,981,254 

4,059,521 
1,704,277 
7,129,631 

9,431 
1,337 

2,892 

5,068 
4,255 
1,563 

154,424 
26,619 
64,312 

92,344 

Sail 

72,734 

Unrigged 

42,582 

Atlantic  poast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico                                  -  . 

21,658 
8,347 
2,539 

10,772 

4,092 

2,123 

296 

1,673 

2,856 

1,837 

162 

857 

7,239 
1,700 
5,539 

978 

170 

4 

801 

1,071 

404 

1 

666 

20,032              6.508.617 

4,851,421 
1,457,894 
l,132,9a5 
2,280,622 

977,687 
518, 197 
305,283 
154,297 

2,392,863 

1,915,786 

2iw,571 

211,506 

4,411,967 

146,227 

4,265,740 

209,152 

14,127 

495 

194,530 

50,339 

7,380 

23 

42,936 

7,660 

5,575 

1,229 

856 

2,207 

1,373 

56 

778 

1,137 
'833 

7,413 

3,019 

3,792 

602 

976 
459 
257 
260 

843 

578 

196 

69 

1,383 

788 
595 

105 

80 

9 

16 

166 

144 

1 

21 

136,637 
89,833 
24,497 
22,307 

42,234 

23,806 

1,339 

17,089 

19,205 

14,286 

738 

4,181 

32,942 
17,866 
15,076 

3,755 

2,410 

45 

1,300 

10,582 
6,223 

133,812 

5,413 
5,920 
8,699 

2,537 

1,066 
666 
805 

2,990 

1,676 

531 

783 

9,622 
1,435 
8,187 

1,648 

151 

13 

1,484 

492 

186 

1 

303 

2,828,9.53 

803,428 

2,876,238 

1,185,961 
710,3^0 
222,  WO 
253,561 

2,737,491 

2,410,4:^.0 

145,450 

181,811 

1,621,495 

119.963 

1,501,532 

115,290 

11,603 

1.50 

103,537 

81,136 

16,253 

108 

64,775 

55,988 

Sail 

63,191 

14,633 

Pari£(*(*oast  (inc^iiinf  Ala.<ilra> 

18,809 

7,400 

Sail 

6,151 

5,258 

18,096 

12,569 

Sail                        

49  i 
255  ' 

3,286 

2,261 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries  

1,971 

1,197 

774 

159 

116 

3 

40 

526 
337 

31,759 

12,346 

Unrigged            

19,413 

Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York  state 

1,990 
1,523 

Sail 

103 

361 

3,194 

Steam                       

2,518 

Sail 

23 

Unrigged 

189 

4,359 

653 

1 

50  TO  99  TONS. 

100  TO  199  TONS. 

200  TO  299  TONS. 

DIVISION  AND  CLASS. 

Number  of 
vessels. 

Gross  tonnage. 

Number  of 
vessels. 

Gross  tonnage. 

Number  of 
vessels. 

Gross  tonnage. 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

United  States                         .         

3,818 

.1.806 

273,112  1    272,358       6,777 

7,712 

948.162 

1.094.373 

4,103 

3,4.52 

986,491 

840,078 

Steam  *                         

1,514 

335 

1,%9 

1,386 

685 

1,735 

112,332 
22,989 
137,791 

101,886 
47,731 
122,741 

180 
5,669 

1,IJ34 

353 

6,325 

133, 143 

26,005 

789,014 

147.917 

51,219 

895,237 

436 

118 

3,  .549 

41S 

212 

2,792 

106,197 

29,484 

850,810 

102,032 

60,191 

Unrigged 

677,555 

1,959 
80.5 
307 
847 

428 
181 
24 
223 

379 

209 

4 

166 

792 
2.5S 
531 

112 
18 

2,129 
763 
592 
774 

320 
104 
52 
164 

420 
213 
39 
168 

682 
26i 
417 

193 

17 

2 

174 

62 
24 

138,582 
58,682 
21,071 
58,829 

30,470 

13,  .500 

1,621 

15,349 

28,814 

15,932 

297 

12,585 

56,422 
19,917 
36,505 

8,323 
1,334 

151,754 
55,734 
40,928 
55,092 

22,-546 
7,862 
3,7.51 

10,933 

28,899 
15,319 
2,869 
10,711 

48, 6M 
19,991 
28,663 

16,241 

1,145 

183 

14,916 

4,261 
1,835 

3,635 
602 
166 

2,867 

413 

103 

5 

305 

210 
71 

132 

1,605 

110 

1,495 

573 
28 

1 
544 

341 

14 

1 

326 

3,839 
.590 
299 

2,950 

283 

116 

18 

149 

307 
86 
34 

187 

1,912 

1S3 

1,729 

1,153 

45 

2 

1,106 

218 
14 

"'"2Cm' 

523,480 
85,381 
23,891 

414,208 

56,372 

15,123 

713 

40,536 

31,262 

10,117 

1,188 

19,957 

227,239 

16,960 

210,279 

67,040 

3,613 

105 

63,322 

42,769 

1,949 

IDS 

40.712 

549,810 
83,092 
42,889 

423,859 

40,050 
17,459 
2,662 
19,929 

44,130 

12, 787 
5,4.59 
25.884 

295,536 

26,898 

268,638 

136,313 

5,924 

209 

130,180 

2g,5(M 
1,757 

2,727 
259 
104 

2,364 

197 

'7 
119 

163 

44 

7 

112 

849 

51 

798 

123 
6 

2,127 
225 
169 

1,733 

155 
62 
24 
69 

199 
49 
49 

101 

784 
76 
708 

174 
4 

657,183 
62,893 
25,923 

568,367 

47,780 

17,5,53 

1,855 

28,372 

38,861 

10,621 

1,706 

26,534 

203,743 

12,422 

191,321 

29,352 
1,446 

513,836 

Steam...                    

51,840 

Sail 

41,971 

417,025 

37,591 

Steam T 

1.).  121 

6.298 

16,172 

49,117 

11,792 

Sail               .  .   . 

12,222 

25,103 

M'i.'*^'*5lpp(  River  and  It*!  trihiitariM 

196.099 

18,839 

Unrigged 

177,260 

Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York  state 

Steam...                                      

40,676 
1,006 

Sail 

Unrigged 

94 

148 
43 

6,989 

10,501 
2,967 

117 

44 
5 

170 

13 
2 

27,906 

9,  .572 
1,262 

39,670 

2,759 

434 

Sail 

Inngged... 

105 

38 

7,534 

2,426 

26,747 

39 

11 

8,310 

2,325 

1  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


48  TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 

Table  34.— VESSELS  GROUPED  ACCORDING  TO  GROSS  TONNAGE,  BY  DIVISIONS:  1916  AND  1906-Contmued. 


300  TO 

399  TONS. 

400  TO 

499  TONS. 

500  TO  999  TONS. 

DIVISION  AND  CLASS. 

Number  of 
vessels. 

Gross  tonnage. 

Number  of 
vesaek. 

Gross  tonnage. 

Number  of 
ve.ssels. 

Gross  tonnage. 

1910 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

United  States... 

2,278 

1,843 

771,450 

631,247 

2,011 

1,5,52 

885,004 

677,488 

3,239 

4,175 

2,089,678 

2,654,477 

220 

90 

1,968 

257 

205 
1,381 

76, 383 
31.1-16 
661.921 

89,640 
71,241 
470,366 

195 

91 

1,725 

215 

224 

1,113 

86,794 
40,927 
757,  2,s:) 

96, 145 

100,797 
480,  .'546 

499 

502 

2,238 

.527 

718 

2,9.30 

356, 124 

371,688 

1,361,866 

366,661 

gaii          

517,208 

Vnrieeeid        

1,770,608 

1,711 

109 

72 

1,530 

106 
51 
11 
44 

120 

39 

7 

74 

333 

20 

313 

6 

1,429 
107 
137 

1,185 

lis 

60 

30 

28 

159 
49 
38 
72 

105 
39 
66 

1 
1 

581,103 
38,141 
24,835 

518, 127 

35,736 
17,343 
3,788 
14,605 

42, 150 

13,4X1 

2, 523 

26,143 

109,878 

7,092 

102,786 

1,900 

486,094 
37,370 
47,615 

401, 109 

40,612 

20,512 

10,429 

9,671 

58,549 
17, 198 
13, 197 
28,154 

34,990 
13,893 
21,097 

300 
300 

1,324 

115 

65 

1,144 

175 
45 
14 

116 

75 
23 
12 
40 

436 

12 

424 

1 

869 
115 
1.55 
599 

93 
60 
30 
IS 

148 

28 
39 
81 

424 
21 
403 

11 

577,  SSS 
50,800 
28, 826 

498,262 

76,247 
19,9S9 
6, 485 
49,773 

33,852 
10, 495 
5,616 
17,741 

196,567 

5,510 

191,057 

450 

380,276 
51,113 
69,299 

259,864 

44,079 

22,324 

13,804 

7,951 

66,770 
12,757 
17,691 
36,319 

181,044 

9,482 

171,562 

4,400 

1,665 
235 
364 

1,066 

284 
133 
98 
53 

188 
85 
40 
63 

1,092 

43 

1,049 

1 

1,441 
249 

485 
707 

361 
105 
156 
100 

279 
115 
77 
87 

2,087 

66 

2,031 

7 
2 

1,123,087 
167,763 
278,460 
676,864 

200,303 
96,142 
66,850 
37,311 

132,071 
62,019 
26,  .378 
43,674 

627,783 

27,866 

699,917 

600 

997,370 

176,096 

Sail                   

356,998 

464,276 

243,497 

71,2.57 

Sail                   

108,095 

64,145 

193,546 

82,850 

52,115 

58,581 

Mitwissmni  River  and  its  tributaries 

1,215,430 

Steam             

34,824 

1,180,606 

Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York  state 

4,634 
1,634 

Sail 

6 

2 

1 

31 

1 

1,900 

683 
323 

i 



11 

2 

1 

450 

4,400 

1 

.  9 
3 

5 

600 

6,834 
2,334 

3,000 

10,702 
367 

919 
469 

:::;:::.:. 

Unrigged 

1 

30 

360 

10,335 

' 

450 

6 

3,500 

1,000  TO 

2,499  TON 

3. 

2,500  TO 

4,999  TONS. 

5,000  TONS  AND  OVER. 

Num 
ves 

berof 

sels. 

Gross  tonnage. 

Number  of 
vessels. 

Gross  tonnage. 

Number  of 
vessels. 

Gross  tonnage. 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1,088 

3,350 

1,6.37,119 

4,132,702 

563 

421 

2,070,511 

1,517,661 

357 

124 

2,  .343, 108 

865,385 

489 
303 
296 

548 

388 

2,4)4 

831,593 
465,362 
340, 164 

924,492 

581,046 

2,627,164 

515 

43 
5 

354 
67 
10 

1,912,591 

141,827 

16,093 

1,293,364 
1S1,465 
42,832 

354 
3 

120 
4 

2,327,981 
15,127 

845,040 

20,  .345 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico          

555 
241 
216 

98 

200 
93 
73 
34 

168 
143 
14 
11 

161 

9 

1S2 

3 
2 

585 
184 
262 
139 

177 
62 
98 
17 

339 
293 

28 
18 

2,245 

2,238 

4 

2 

847,013 
402,798 
324,941 
119,274 

310,739 
148,902 
114,341 
47,496 

307,381 

263,568 

26,080 

17,733 

166,921 

12,330 

154,591 

3,870 
2,800 

852,007 
289,3.59 
380,716 
181,932 

271, 166 

99, 677 
151,251 
20,238 

596,479 

522,907 

49,079 

24,493 

2,408,455 

9,954 

2,398,501 

4,595 
2,595 

279 

263 

16 

48 

39 

8 

1 

236 

213 

19 

4 

169 
131 
28 
10 

34 
33 

1 

218 
190 
28 

96.S,9.58 

917,976 

50,982 

656,311 

429,399 

84,080 

42,832 

109,680 

106, 838 

2,842 

143 
143 

31 
30 

1 

954,686 
954,686 

230,121 

Steam 

224,90) 

Sail 

5,218 

161,760 

133,682 

25,048 

3,030 

939,793 

860,933 

65,797 

13,063 

34 
34 

15 
15 

224,320 
224,320 

149,657 

Steam     

149,657 

851,670 
757,127 
94,543 

180 

177 

3 

78 
75 
3 

1,164,102 

1,148,975 

15, 127 

485,607 

Steam     

470,480 

Sail 

15, 127 

Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York  state 

Sail 

1 

1 
1 

2 

1,070 

1,195 
1,195 

2,000 

Sail 

1  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


The  increase  since  1906  in  vessels  with  a  tonnage 
of  from  2,500  to  4,999  was  large,  142,  or  33.7  per  cent, 
in  number  and  552,850,  or  36.4  per  cent,  in  tonnage. 
This  increase  was  due  entirely  to  steam  vessels,  these 
increasing  by  161,  or  45.5  per  cent,  in  number  and  by 
619,227,  or  47.9  per  cent,  in  tonnage.  The  reduction 
in  the  number  and  tonnage  of  sailing  vessels  and  un- 
rigged craft  in  this  group  was  more  than  overcome  by 
the  growth  in  the  steam  vessels. 


Motor  boats  were  not  reported  separately  in  1906 
but  were  included  with  steam  vessels,  hence  in  com- 
paring such  statistics  for  1916  with  those  for  1906  it 
was  necessary  to  combine  the  two  classes.  In  1916 
motor  boats  were  reported  separately  from  the  regular 
steam  vessels,  and  their  number,  tonnage,  and  value 
for  1916  are  shown  in  Table  35  for  that  year,  to- 
gether with  similar  data  for  the  other  classes  shown 
in  Table  34. 


UNITED  STATES. 


49 


Steam  vessels  represented  a  rather  small  propor- 
tion of  the  total  number  of  vessels  in  the  country, 
only  15.2  per  cent,  but  their  tonnage  formed  47.9  per 
cent  of  the  total  tonnage  for  all  vessels  and  their  value 
78.8  per  cent.  Although  the  comparatively  small 
steam  vessels,  those  of  less  than  100  gross  tons,  repre- 
sented 44.3  per  cent  of  the  total  nximber  of  all  such 


craft,  they  formed  only  2.4  per  cent  of  the  total  steam 
tonnage;  the  large  steamers,  those  of  1,000  tons  or 
more,  on  the  other  hand,  forming  only  20.6  per  cent 
of  the  nximber,  represented  84.8  per  cent  of  the  total 
tonnage.  There  were  353  steam  vessels  of  5,000  or 
more  tons  each,  the  average  tonnage  of  which  was 
6,579. 


Table  3.5.- 


-ALL  VESSELS,  GROUPED  ACCORDING  TO  GROSS  TONNAGE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  CLASS,  WITH  PER  CENT 

OF  TOTAL:  1916. 


DIVISION  AND  CLAS.<1. 


United  States. 


Steam 

Motor 

Sail 

Unrigged . 


Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Steam 

Motor 

SaU 

Unrigged 


Pacific  coast  (including  Alaslca) . 

Steam 

Motor 

Sail 

Unrigged 


Great  Lalces  and  St.  Lawrence  River. 

Steam 

Motor 

SaU 

Unrigged 


Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries . 

Steam 

Motor 

Sail 

Unrigged 


Number  of 
vessels. 


43, 110 


Per 

cent  of 
total. 


100.0 


6,532 
11,527 

4,740 
20,311 


25,387 
3,396 
6,962 
4,257 

10,772 

4,962 
798 

2,175 
316 

1,673 

3,462 

1,362 

1,081 

162 

857 

7,247 

636 

1,072 


15.2 
26.7 
11.0 
47.1 


100.0 
13.4 
27.4 
16.8 
42.4 

100.0 

16.1 

43.8 

6.4 

33.7 

100.0 

39.3 

31.2 

4.7 

24.8 

100.0 
8.8 
14.8 


Gross 
tonnage. 


12,395,236 


5,943,3.58 

250,855 

1,219,739 

4,981,254 


6,614,197 

2,734,189 

135,820 

847,950 

2,876,238 

1,215,303 

677,414 

58,247 

226,081 

253,561 

2,747,687 

2,404,763 

15,863 

145,450 

181, 611 

1,621,587 

103,115 

16,940 


Per 

cent  of 
total. 


100.0 

47.9 
2.0 
9.8 

40.2 


100.0 

41.3 

2.4 

12  8 

43.5 

100.0 

55.7 

4.S 

ia6 

20.9 

100.0 
87.5 

ae 

5.3 
6.6 

loao 

6.4 

1.0 


Value  of         ^^?' , 
vessels.  ^  ^^ 


S979,38S,633  !     100.0 


772,054,054 
46,011,812 
64,103,007 
97,219,760 


642,114,328 
498,229,447 
28,828,343 
46,323,549 
68,732,989 

132,524,924 
99, 668, 156 
11,373,959 
13,419,521 
8,063,288 

175,956,392 

160,533,324 

2,913,897 

4,351,287 

8,157,884 

23,044,903 
10,870,444 
2, 287, 010 


78.8 
4.7 
6.5 
9.9 


100.  0 

77.6 

4.5 

7.2 

10.7 

100.0 
75.2 
8.6 

lai 

6.1 

100.0 

91.2 

1.7 

2.5 

4.6 

100.0 
47.2 
9.9 


5  TO  49  TONS. 


Number  of 
vessels. 


18,283 


1,629 
10,914 
2,848 
2,892 


10,920 

734 

6,597 

2,733 

856 

2,972 

126 

2,005 

63 

778 

1,724 
375 

1,045 
49 
255 

1,979 

167 

1,038 


Per 

cent  of 
total. 


Gross 
tonnage. 


Per 

cent  of 
total. 


100.0      315,015 


loao 


a9 

59.7 
15.6 
16.8  I 


47,229 
151,906 

48,568 
64,312 


15.0 
49.2 
15.4 
2a4 


100.0 

182,751 

6.7 

22,093 

6a4 

92,014 

25.0 

46,337 

V.8 

22,307 

100.0 

56,653 

4.2 

3,873 

67.5 

34,243 

21 

1,448 

26.2 

17,089 

100.0 

28,204 

21.8 

10.568 

60.6 

12,717 

28 

738 

14.8 

4,181 

loao 

33,034 

a4 

5,013 

52  5 

12,945 

39.1 

15,076 

100.0 

14,373 

33.0 

5,682 

33.3 

2,9S7 

a4 

45 

33.3 

5,659 

100.0 
12.1 
60.3 
25.4 
12.2 

100.0 
6.8 

6a4 
2.6 

3a2 

loao 

37.5 

45.1 

26 

14.8 

100.0 
15.2 
39.3 


All  other  inlafid  waters . 

Steam 

Motor 

Sail 

Unrigged 


5,539 

3,052 

340 

337 

5 

1,470 


76.4 

100.0 
16.6 
11.5 
0.2 
71.6 


1,501,532 

196,462 

23,907 

3,983 

253 

168,312 


92.6 

100.0 
12.2 
2  0 
0.1 
85.7 


9,887,449  I       42.9 


5.748,086 

2,752,683 

608,603 

8,630 

2,378,150 


100.0 
47.9 
10.6 
0.2 
41.4 


227 

229 

3 

229 


4S.6 

loao 

39.5 

2a8 

0.3 

39.4 


DIVISION  -IND  CLASS. 


United  States. 


Steam 

Motor 

Sail 

Unrigged.. 


Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Steam. 

Motor 

SaU 

Unrigged. 


Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska) . 

Steam. 

Motor 

SaU 

Unrigged. 


Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River. . 

Steam 

Motor 

SaU 

Unrigged , 


Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries. . 

Steam. 

Motor 

SaU 

Unrigged, 


50  TO  99  TONS. 


Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 


4,092 


Per 
cent  of 
total. 


100.0 


30.9 
10.3 
10.6 
48.1 


100.0 
30.7 
11.3 
18.7 
39.2 

100.0 
24.2 
24.6 
5.0 
46.2 

100.0 

50.3 

7.0 

1.0 

41.7 

loao 

28.5 
4.0 


nross 
tonnage. 


292,696 


95, 279 
29,612 
29,984 
137, 791 


153,285 
49, 262 
17,128 
28.066 
58,829 

34,154 
9,061 
8,123 
1,621 

15,349 

30,011 
15,251 

1,878 

297 

12,585  ! 

56,422 
17,659 
2,258 


Per 
cent  of 
total. 


100.0 


32.6 
10.1 
10.2 
47.1 


100.0 
32.1 
11.2 
18.3 
38.4 

100.0 
26.5 
23.8 
4.7 
44.9 

100.0 
50.8 

a3 

1.0 
4L9 

loao 

31.3 

4.0 


100  TO  199  TONS. 


Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 


7,009 


932 
113 
295 


3,83i8 
610 
82 
279 

2,867 

442 
107 
23 

305 

210 
65 


132 


1,605 
110 


Per 
cent  of 
total. 


100.0 


13.3 
1.6 
4.2 

80.9 


100.0 
15.9 
2.1 
7.3 
74.7 

100.0 

24.2 

5.2 

1.6 

69.0 

100.0 

31.0 

29 

3.3 

62.9 

loao 

6.9 


Gross 
tonnage. 


978,803 


134,109 
14,893 
40,787 

789,014 


550,024 
86,811 
10.657 
38,348 

414.208 

60,469 
15,714 
3,181 
1,038 
40,536 

31,262 
9,312 
805 
1,188  I 

19,957  I 


Per 
cent  of 
total. 


10O.O 


13.7 
1.5 
4.2 

8a6 


227,239 
16,960 


I 


100.0 

15.8 

1.9 

7.0 

75.3 

100.0 

26.0 

5.3 

1.7 

67.0 

100.0 

29.8 

2.6 

3.8 

63.8 

100.0 
.5 


200  TO  299  TONS. 


Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 


4,158 


459 

28 

122 

3,549 


2.773 

293 

12 

104 

2,364 

206 
65 
11 
11 

119 

163 

42 

3 

7 

112 

849 

SO 

1 


Per 
cent  of 
totel. 


100.0 


11.0 
0.7 
29 

85.4 


100.0 

lae 
a4 

3.8 
85.3 

100.0 

31.6 

S.3 

5.3 

57.8 

loao 

25.8 
1.2 
4.3 

68.7 

loao 

5.9 

ai 


Gross 
tonnage. 


1,000,335 


112, 261 

6.756 

30,508 

850,810 


Per 
cent  of 
total. 


100.0 


11.2 

0.7 
3.0 
85.1 


668,677 

71,556 

2,831 

25,923 

568,367 

50,130 
16, 174 
2,705 
2,879 
28,372 

38,861 

10,158 

463 

1,706 

28,534 

203,743 
12,158 


loao 
la? 
a4 

3.9 
85.0 

100.0 

32.3 

S.4 

S.7 

56.6 

100.0 

26.1 

1.2 

4.4 

68.3 

loao 

6.0 

ai 


AU  other  inland  waters.. 

Steam 

Motor , 

Sr>U 

Unrigged. 


334 

260 
57 
4 


100.0 

21.9 

1.5 


36,505         64.7 


18,824  j 

4,046 

255 


100.0 

21.5 

1.4 


199 


76.5 


14,523  I 


77.: 


1,493 

914 
40 

2 

2 

870 


93.1 

loao 

4.4 
02 
02 
95.2 


210,279 

109,809 

5,312 

250 

213 

1(H,034 


92.5 

loao 

4.8 

a2 
a2 

94.7 


798 

167 
9 
2 

"m 


94.0 

loao 
s.4 

1.2 


191,321 

38,924 

2,215 

493 


93.4 


36,216 


93.9 

loao 

S.7 
1.3 


93.0 


116515°— 20— 4 


50 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Tablb  35.— all  vessels,  GROUPED  ACCORDING  TO  GROSS  TONNAGE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  CLASS,  WITH  PER  CENT 

OF  TOTAL:  1916— Continued. 


300  TO  399  TONS. 

400  TO  499  TONS. 

600  TO 

999  TONS. 

DIVISION  AND  CLASS. 

Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Gross 
toimago. 

Per 
ecnt  of 
total. 

Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 

Per 

cent  of 
total. 

Gross 
tomiago. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Oro.s3 
tonnage. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

United  States 

2,3W 

100.0 

779,958 

100.0 

2,015 

100.0 

886,774 

100.0 

3,241 

100.0 

2,090,917 

100.0 

223 
13 

100 
1,968 

9.7 

0.6 

4.3 

85.4 

77,135 

4,409 

34,493 

663,921 

9.9 
0.6 
4.4 
85.1 

193 

5 

92 

1,725 

9.6 

0.2 

4.6 

85.8 

85,964 

2,132 

41,395 

757,283 

9.7 
0.2 
4.7 
85.4 

490 
11 

602 
2,238 

15.1 
0.3 
15.5 
69.1 

»»9,930 
7,433 

371,688 
1,361,866 

16.7 

Motor                      

0.4 

Sail           

17.8 

65.1 

Atlftntfp  roast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico          

1,728 

117 

5 

76 

1,530 

115 
46 
8 
17 
44 

120 
39 

100.0 

6.8 

0.3 

4.4 

88.5 

100.0 
40.0 
7.0 
14.8 
38.3 

100.0 
32.5 

586,445 

40,614 

1,637 

26,007 

618,127 

38,902 
15,622 
2,772 
5,903 
14,605 

42,150 
13,481 

100.0 
6.9 
0.3 
4.4 
88.3 

100.0 

40.2 

7.1 

15.2 

37.5 

100.0 
32.0 

1,326 

113 

4 

65 

1,144 

177 

45 

1 

15 

116 

75 
23 

100.0 

8.5 

0.3 

4.9 

86.3 

100.0 

25.4 

0.6 

8.5 

65.5 

100.0 
30.7 

578,771 

49,959 

1,724 

28,826 

498,262 

77, 134 

20,000 

4tl8 

6,9.53 

49,773 

33,852 
10,495 

100.0 

8.6 

0.3 

5.0 

86.1 

100.0 
25.9 
0.5 
9.0 
64.5 

100.0 
31.0 

1,666 

230 

6 

354 

1,066 

285 

129 

6 

98 

53 

188 
85 

100.0 
13.8 
0.4 
21.8 
64.0 

100.0 

45.3 

1.8 

34.4 

18.6 

100.0 

45,2 

1,123,587 

164,499 

3,764 

278,460 

676,804 

201,042 
93,212 
3,669 
66,850 
37,311 

132,071 
62,019 

100.0 

14.6 

0.3 

Sail                   

24.8 

60.3 

100.0 

46,4 

1.8 

Ball                                 

33.3 

18.6 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River 

100.0 

47.0 

Sail         

7 
74 

333 
20 

6.8 
61.7 

100.0 
6.0 

2,523 
26,143 

109,878 
7,092 

6.0 
62.0 

100.0 
6.5 

12 
40 

436 
12 

16.0 
53.3 

100.0 
2.8 

5,616 
17,741 

196,567 
6,510 

16.6 
52.4 

100.0 
2.8 

40 
63 

1,092 
43 

21.3 
33.5 

100.0 
3.9 

26,378 
43,674 

627,783 
27,866 

20,0 

33.1 

Ulssissinni  River  and  its  tributaries 

100.0 

4.4 

Sal          '                                              

313 

8 

1 

94.0 

100.0 
12.5 

102,786 

2,  .583 
323 

93.5 

100.0 
12.5 

424 
1 

97.2 
100.0 

191,067 
450 

97.2 
100.0 

1,049 

10 
3 

96.1 

100.0 

30.0 

699,917 

6,434 
2,334 

95.6 

100.0 

36.3 

Motor                                            

gall                                                             

7 

87.5 

2,260 

87.5 

1 

450 

7 

70.0 

4,100 

63.7 

1,000  TO 

2,499  TONS 

2,500  TO 

4,999  TONS 

5 

,000  TONS  AND  OVEE. 

DIVISION  AND  CLASS. 

Num- 
ber of 

vessel's. 

Per 

cent  of 
total. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Gross 

tonnage. 

Per 

cent  of 
total. 

Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 

Per 

cent  of 
total. 

Gross 

tonnage. 

Per 
centoJ 
total. 

United  States 

1,088 

100.0 

1,637,119 

100.0 

563 

100.0 

2,070,511 

100.0 

357 

100.0 

2,343,108 

100.0 

476 

13 

303 

296 

43.7 
1.2 

27.8 
27.2 

809,619 

21,974 

465,362 

340, 164 

49.5 

1.3 

28.4 

20.8 

514 

1 
43 
5 

91.3 
0.2 

7.6 
0.9 

1,909,341 

3,250 

141,827 

16,093 

92.2 
0.2 
6.8 
0.8 

363 

1 
3 

98.9 
0.3 
0.8 

2,322,521 

.     5,460 

16,127 

99.1 

Motor  

o.a 

0.6 

555 

232 

9 

216 

98 

200 

73 
34 

168 
143 

100.0 

41.8 

1.6 

38.9 

17.7 

100.0 

45.0 

1.5 

36.5 

17.0 

100.0 
85.1 

847,013 
385,443 
17,355 
324,941 
119,274 

310,739 

145,7.56 

3,146 

114,341 

47,496 

307,381 
263,568 

100.0 

45.5 

2.0 

38.4 

14.1 

100.0 

46.9 

1.0 

36.8 

15.3 

100.0 
85.7 

279 

262 

1 

16 

100.0 
93.9 
0.4 
6.7 

968,9,58 

914,726 

3,250 

60,982 

100.0 

94.4 

0.3 

5.3 

143 

142 

1 

100.0 
99.3 
0.7 

964,686 

949,226 

6,460 

100.0 

99.4 

Motor                             

0.6 

Pflrific  coast  flncludin^  Alaska)    

48 
39 

100.0 
81.3 

161,760 
133, 682 

100.0 
82.6 

34 
34 

100.0 

224,320 
224,320 

100.0 

8 

1 

236 
213 

16.7 
2.1 

100.0 
90.3 

25,048 
3,030 

939,793 
860,933 

15.5 
1.9 

100.0 
91.6 

Orpat  Lakes  and  St  Lawrence  River. .                  

180 
177 

100.0 
98.3 

1,164,102 
1,148,975 

100.0 

98.7 

14 
11 

161 
8 

1 

8.3 
6.5 

100.0 
5.0 
0.6 

26,080 
17,733 

166,921 
10,857 
1,473 

8.5 
5.8 

100.0 
6.5 
0.9 

19 

4 

8.0 
1.7 

65, 797 
13,063 

7.0 
1.4 

3 

1.7 

16,127 

1.3 

.      . 

152 

4 
3 

94.4 

100.0 
75.0 

154,591 

5,065 
3,995 

92.6 

100.0 
78.9 

1 

25.0 

1,070 

21.1 

More  than  one-fourth  of  the  total  number  of  all 
classes  of  vessels  in  1916  were  motor  boats,  but  the 
proportions  which  their  tonnage  and  value  formed  of 
the  corresponding  total,  were  insignificant.  Over 
nine-tenths  of  these  boats  were  of  less  than  50  gross 
tons,  the  average  tonnage  being  only  22,  and  the 
average  value  $3,992.  There  were  15  motor  boats,  or 
vessels  having  auxiliary  power,  of  over  1,000  tons  each, 
11  of  which  were  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  3  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  and  1  on  the  Mississippi  River. 


About  one-tenth  of  the  total  number  and  tonnage 
of  all  vessels  in  the  United  States  were  sail  vessels. 
The  majority  of  these,  69.2  per  cent,  were  craft  of  less 
than  100  gross  tons,  while  only  7.4  per  cent  were  ves- 
sels with  a  tonnage  of  1,000  or  over. 

The  table  also  shows  that  tmrigged  craft  constituted 
nearly  one-half  of  the  total  nxunber  of  vessels  in  1916, 
with  a  tonnage  amounting  to  two-fifths  of  the  total. 
The  value  of  these  craft,  however,  was  a  little  less 
than  one-tenth  of  the  total  value  reported  for  all  ves- 


UNITED  STATES. 


51 


sels.  There  were  only  five  unrigged  craft  with  a  ton- 
nage of  2,500  or  more,  four  of  which  were  operated  on 
the  Great  Lakes  and  one  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

VALUATION    OF   VESSELS. 

At  the  census  of  1916,  as  in  1906  and  1889,  the 
inquiry  as  to  value  of  vessels  or  craft  was  intended  to 
ascertain  their  commercial  value.     There  was  consid- 


erahle  variation  in  1889,  however,  in  reporting  the  val- 
uation of  vessels.  In  some  cases  it  was  reported  as  the 
vessel's  cost;  in  other  cases,  the  basis  was  the  amount 
that  might  be  realized  by  sale;  and  in  still  others,  the 
value  was  given  with  the  idea  that  it  might  be  iised 
as  a  basis  for  taxation.  Similar  variations  probably 
occurred  to  some  extent  in  1916,  but  not  sufficiently 
to  affect  the  general  reliability  of  the  figures. 


Table  36.— NUMBER,  GROSS  TONNAGE,  AND  VALUE  OF  VESSELS,  BY  CLASS  AND  CHARACTER  OF  CONSTRUCTION: 

1916,  1906,  AND  1889. 


Aggregate 

Metal 

Wood 

Composite 

Steam  i 

Metal 

Wood 

Composite , 

SaU 

Metal 

Wood 

Composite 

Umigged 

Metal 

Wood 

Composite 


NUMBER  OF  VESSELS. 


1916 


37,894 

3,298 

34,477 

119 


14,581 

2,462 

12,034 

S5 

3,002 

154 

2,838 

10 

20,311 

682 

19,605 

>24 


1906 


37,321 

1,979 

35,247 

95 


9,927 

1,674 

8,197 

56 

7,131 

131 

6,973 

27 

20,263 

174 

20,077 

12 


1889 


30,485 

548 

29,834 

103 


5,603 

534 

5,033 

36 

7,945 
14 

7,864 
67 

16,937 


a  16,937 


GROSS  TONNAOE. 


1916 


12,249,990 

5,814,903 

6,376,401 

58,686 


6,097,562 

5,174,712 

868,297 

54,553 

1,171,174 

278,,S33 

891,897 

444 

4,981.254 

361,358 

4,616,207 

3,689 


1906 


12,893,429 

3,276,723 

9,581,3-iS 

35,358 


4,059,521 

2.916,517 

1,119,459 

23,545 

1,704,277 

227,959 

1,470,656 

5,662 

7,129,631 

132, 247 

6,991,233 

6,151 


1889 


VALUE  OF  VE.SSELS. 


1916 


8,359,135 

62.5,218 

7,793,259 

40,658 


1,710,073 

515,003 

1,173,860 

21,210 

1,675,706 
10,215 

1,646,043 
19,448 

4,973,356 


$959,92.5,364 

725,373,070 

227,930,398 

6,621,896 


802,155,109 

685,771,609 

110,018,364 

6,365,136 

60,550,495 

20,928,764 

39,544,231 

77,500 

97,219,760 

18,672,697 

78,367,803 

179,260 


1906 


$507,973,121 


388,772,727 

289,689,438 

95.026.5S9 

2,056,700 

56,206,145 

10,598,751 

45,165,894 

441.500 

64,994,249 

5.941.100 

58,943,099 

110,050 


1889 


$206,992,352 

50,918,319 

153.552,913 

2.521.120 


131,567,427 

50,153,519 

79,538.108 

1,875,800 

53,192.972 

764,800 

51,782,852 

645,320 

22,231.953 


22.231,9.53 


>  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery.      '  Includes  a  lew  craft  of  metal  construction  which  were  not  segregated  in  1889,       '  Includes  one  scow  made  of  concrete. 

Table  37.— NUMBER,  GROSS  TONNAGE,  AND  VALUE  OF  VESSELS,  PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL,  AND  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE, 
BY  CLASS  AND  CHARACTER  OF  CONSTRUCTION:  1916,  1906,  AND  1889. 


I 


Aggregate 

Metal 

Wood 

Composite 

Steam  • 

Metal 

Wood 

Composite 

SaU 

Metal 

Wood 

Composite 

Unrigged 

Metal 

Wood 

Composite 


mmBER   OF   VESSELS. 


Per  cent  of  total. 


1916 


1906 


8.7 
91.0 
0.3 


100,0 
16,9 
82.5 
0.6 

100.0 

5.1 

94.5 

0.3 

100.0 

3.4 

96.5 

0.1 


5.3 

94.4 

0.3 


100.0 
16.9 
82.6 
0.6 

100.0 

1.8 

97.8 

0.4 

100.0 

0.9 

99.1 

0.1 


1889 


1.8 

97.9 

0,3 


100.0 
9.5 
89.8 
0.6 

100.0 
0.2 
99.0 
0.8 

100.0 


Per  cent  of 
increase.' 


1906- 
1916 


66,6 
-2.2 


46.9 
47.1 

46.8 


-57.9 

17.6 

-59.3 


0.2 
292.0 

-2.4 


1889- 
1916 


24.3 


501.8 
15.6 
15.5 


160.2 
361.0 
139.1 


-62  2 


-63.9 


19.9 


GROSS  TONNAOE. 


Per  cent  of  total. 


100.0 


47.5 

62.1 

0.5 


100.0 
84.9 
14.2 
0.9 

100.0 
23.8 
76.2 
(') 

100.0 

7.3 

92.7 

0.1 


1906 


100.0 


25.4 
74.3 
0.3 


100.0 

71,8 
27.6 
0.6 

100.0 
13.4 

86.3 
0.3 

100.0 

1.9 

98.1 

0.1 


1889 


100.0 


6.3 

93.2 

0.5 


100.0 

30.1 

68.6 

1.2 

100.0 

0.6 

98.2 

1.2 

100.0 


Per  cent  of 
increase.' 


1906- 
1916 


-5.0 


77.5 

-33.4 

66.0 


50.2 

77.4 

-22.4 

131.7 

-31.3 

22.3 

-39.4 

-92.2 

-30.1 

173.2 

-34.0 

-40.0 


1889- 
1916 


46.5 


(•) 

-18  2 

44.3 


256.6 

(') 

-26.0 

157.2 

-3a  1 

C) 
-45.8 
-97.7 

0.2 


VALUE  OF  VESSELS. 


Per  cent  of  total. 


1916 


100.0 


75.6 
23.7 
0.7 


100.0 
85.5 
13.7 
0.8 

100.0 

34.6 

65.3 

0.1 

loao 

19.2 

80.6 
0.2 


1906 


100.0 


60.3 
39.2 
0.5 


100.0 
74.9 
24.6 
0.5 

100.0 
IS.  9 
80.4 
0.8 

100.0 
9.1 

90.7 
0.2 


100.0 


24.6 

74.2 

1.2 


100.0 

38.1 

60.5 

1.4 

100.0 

1.4 

97.3 

L2 

100.0 


100.0 


Per  cent  of 


1906- 
1916 


89.0 


136.9 

14.5 

153.9 


107.4 

136.7 

15.8 

209.5 

7.7 

97.5 

-124 

-S2.4 

49.6 

214.3 

33.0 

62  9 


1889- 
1916 


363.7 


48L4 
162  7 


609.7 
(') 
38.3 
239.3 

13.8 
(>) 

-23.6 
-88.0 

337.3 


'  A  minus  sign  (  — )  denotes  decrea.se.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100. 
*  Percentages  omitted  where  figures  are  known  not  to  be  comparable. 


'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 
*  Less  than  oue-tenth  of  1  per  cent 


During  the  decade  1906-1916  the  value  of  all  vessels, 
irrespective  of  construction,  increased  $451,952,243,  or 
89  per  cent.  During  the  17  years  from  1889  to  1906 
the  increase,  $300,980,769,  was  not  so  great  in  absolute 
gain  but  was  relatively  much  greater,  145.4  per  cent. 
For  the  entire  27  years  the  increase  was  $752,933,012, 
or  363.7  per  cent. 

An  analysb  of  the  value  of  vessels,  by  character  of 
construction,  In  1916,  shows  that  75.6  per  cent  of  the 


total  value  was  reported  for  vessels  of  metal  construc- 
tion, compared  with  60.3  per  cent  in  1906,  and  only 
24.6  per  cent  in  1889.  The  increase  in  the  value  of 
metal  vessels  amoimted  to  $419,143,781,  or  136.9  per 
cent,  for  the  decade  1906-1916,  and  $255,310,970,  or 
501.4  per  cent,  from  1889  to  1906. 

Vessels  of  wooden  construction  increased  substan- 
tially in  value  from  1889  to  1906  and  from  1906  to  1916, 
although  to  a  less  degree,  but  the  proportion  which  the 


52 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


value  of  such  vessels  formed  of  the  total  decreased  from 
74.2  per  cent  in  1S89  to  39.2  per  cent  in  1906  and  to 
23.7  per  cent  in  1916. 

The  value  of  vessels  of  composite  construction, 
although  forming  a  very  small  proportion  of  the  total 
at  each  census,  shows  a  largo  actual  and  relative  in- 
crease during  the  decade  1906-1916,  amounting  to 
$4,013,646,  or  153.9  per  cent. 


From  1906  to  1916  the  total  valuation  of  steam  ves- 
sels increased  $415,382,382,  or  107.4  per  cent,  repre- 
senting more  than  nine-tentlis  of  the  total  increase  for 
all  kinds  of  vessels.  The  value  of  sail  vessels  increased 
$4,344,350,  or  7.7  per  cent,  and  that  of  unrigged  craft 
$32,225,511,  or  49.6  per  cent. 

Table  38  shows  the  number,  gix)ss  tonnage,  and  value 
of  vessels  by  occupation  and  character  of  construction. 


Table  38.— NUMBER,  GROSS  TONNAGE,  AND  VALUE  OP  VESSELS,  BY  CHARACTER  OF  CONSTRUCTION  AND  BY 

CLASS  AND  OCCUPATION:  1916,  1906,  AND  1889. 


CLASS  AUD  OCCUPATION . 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 


Aggregate. 


Steam' 


Freight  and  passenger , 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels. . 
Ferryboats 


Yachts.. 


Itliscellaneous. 


SaU. 


Freight  and  passenger. 
Yachts 


Miscellaneous . 


Unrigged., 


1916 
1906 


1916 

1906 

1839 

1916 
1906 
1S89 

1916 
1906 
1S89 

1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 
1SS9 

1916 
1906 
1889 


1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 

1906 
1889 

1916 

1906 
1SS9 


1916 
1906 
1889 


Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 


37,394 
37,321 
30,4SS 


14,581 
9,927 
5,603 


5,362 
3,615 
2,429 

3,689 
3,079 
1,950 

611 
536 
456 

3,783 

2,178 

230 

1,134 
521 
538 


3,002 
7,131 
7,945 


2,357 
5,181 
6,863 

569 

1,594 

653 

76 
356 
429 


20,311 
20,263 
>16,937 


Gross 
tonnage. 


12,249,990 
12,893,429 

8,aiu,  i;r. 


6,097,502 
4,ai9,S21 
1,710,073 


5,432,353 
3,411,588 
1,290,552 

284,135 
261,375 
146,447 

224,328 
261,073 
146,104 

111,620 
82,275 
13,586 

65,126 
43,210 
113,384 


1,171,174 
1,704,277 
1,675,706 


1,158,354 
1.672,862 
1,641,846 

11,387 
24,155 
15,040 

3,433 

7,260 
18, 820 


4,981,254 
7,129,631 
4,973,356 


Value  of 
vessels. 


$959,925,364 
."'.1)7,973,121 
206.992,352 


802, 155, 109 
386,772,727 
131,567,427 


677,475,337 
286,218,089 
90,999,834 

54,909,495 
39,062,249 
17,364,413 

23,227,174 
29,578,380 
10,442,750 

33,447,143 

24,281,881 
3,858,810 

13,095,960 
7,632,148 
8,901,620 


60,550,495 
56,206,145 
53,192,972 


58,273,449 
51,415,756 
49,165,617 

1,940,513 
4,189,253 

2,  750, 755 

336,533 

621,136 

1,278,600 


97,219,760 
64,994,249 
22,231,953 


Num- 
ber ot 
ves- 
sels. 


3,298 
,979 


2,462 

1,674 

634 


1,440 

908 
296 

581 
420 
107 

166 
158 
60 

179 
134 
25 

98 
56 
48 


154 

131 

14 


144 

110 


682 
174 


Gross 
tonnage. 


5,814,903 

3,276,723 

.i25,21s 


5,174,712 

2,918,317 

515,003 


4,869,180 

2,623,551 

413,411 

96,930 
83,902 
9,157 

140,151 
151,406 
40,925 

44,528 

as,  294 

4,884 

23,923 
19,364 
46,646 


278,833 

227,959 

10,215 


275,989 

225,613 

9,734 

2,844 

2,346 

4S1 


361,358 
132,247 


Value  of 
vessels. 


$725,373,070 

306,229,289 

.10,918,319 


685,771,609 
2,89,689,438 
50,153,519 


020,481,652 
238,475,331 
38,802,099 

26,098,625 
14,574,417 
1,761,800 

15,641,062 
19,839,598 
3,976,500 

16,610,324 

12,524,020 

1,649,720 

6,939,946 
4,276,072 
3,963,400 


20,928,764 

10,598,751 

761,800 


20,288,764 

9,832,451 

554,500 

640,000 
766,300 
210,300 


13,672,697 
5,941,100 


COMPOSITE. 


Num- 
ber of 

ves- 
sels. 


34,477 
35,247 
29,834 


12,034 

8,197 
5,033 


3,877 
2,890 
2,111 

3,096 
2,649 
1,837 

441 
379 
396 

3,587 

2,016 

202 

1,033 
463 

487 


2,838 
6,973 
7,S64 


2,213 

5,069 
8,795 

549 
1,549 

644 

76 
355 
425 


19,605 
20,077 
16,937 


Gross 
tonnage. 


868,297 
1,119,459 
1,173,860 


613,195 

768,857 
856,979 

165,856 
176,513 
137, 054 

83,305 
109,253 
105,179 

65,514 
41,643 
8,369 

40,427 
23,193 
66,279 


891,897 
1,470,656 
1,646,043 


880, 365 
1,442,556 
1,612,875 

8,099 
20,954 
14,487 

3,433 
7,146 
18,681 


4,016,207 
6,991,233 
4,973,356 


Value  of 
vessels. 


61,569,885 
46,634,758 
60,589,735 

28,575,588 
24,383,332 
15,580,813 

7,481,675 
9,715,782 
6,466,250 

16,345,319 
11,036,641 
2,074,090 

6,045,897 
3,256,076 
4,827,220 


39,1)44,231 
45,  Ua,894 
51,782,852 


37,9S4,685 
41,347,305 
47,996,047 

1,223,013 
3,202,453 
2,519,955 

336,533 

616,136 

1,266,850 


78,367,803 
58,943,099 
22,231,953 


Num- 
ber ot 
ves- 
sels. 


119 
95 
103 


54,553 
23,545 
21,210 


49,978 
19,180 
20,162 

1,349 
960 
236 

872 
414 


»24 
12 


Gross 
ton- 
nage. 


1,578 

2,338 

353 

776 
653 
459 


444 

5,662 
19,448 


4,693 
19,237 

444 

855 
72 


114 
139 


3,689 
6,151 


Value  of 

vessels. 


5,423,800 
1,108,000 
1,608,000 

235,282 
104,500 
21,800 

104,437 
23,000 


491,500 
721,200 
135,000 

110,117 
100,000 

111,000 


77,500 
441,500 
645,320 


238,000 
615,070 

77,500 
200,500 
20,500 


5,000 
9,750 


179,260 
110,ft50 


'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery.       2  Includes  one  scow  made  of  concrete 

Vessels  classed  as  freight  and  passenger  were  by  far 
the  most  important  of  all  steam  craft,  their  valuation 
in  1916  constituting  84.5  per  cent  of  the  total  of  all 
steam  vessels  and  70.6  per  cent  of  the  aggregate  valua- 
tion for  all  classes  of  vessels  in  the  United  States. 
These  proportions  are  marked  increases  over  those  for 
1906  and  1889,  which  were  74  and  56.3  per  cent,  re- 
spectively, for  1906,  and  69.2  and  44  per  cent  for  1889. 
For  the  10-year  period  1906  to  1916  the  actual  in- 
crease in  the  valuation  of  these  freight  and  passenger 
steam  vessells  was  $391,257,248  and  the  relative  in- 
crease 136.7  per  cent,  due  almost  wholly  to  the  gain 
in  the  value  of  vessels  of  metal  construction. 

The  value  of  tugs  and  other  towing  vessels  in  1916 
represented  6.8  per  cent  of  the  total  for  the  steam 
class  and  5.7  per  cent  of  the  aggregate  of  all  classes 


■  Includes  a  few  craft  of  metal  construction  which  were  not  segregated  in  1889. 

for  the  United  States.  The  increase  from  1906  to  1916 
in  the  valuation  was  $15,847,246,  or  40.6  per  cent, 
compared  with  $21,697,836,  or  125  per  cent,  for  the 
17  years  1889  to  1906.  As  in  the  case  of  freight  and 
passenger  vessels,  increasetl  metal  construction  was 
largely  responsible  for  increased  valuation 

The  marked  decrease  from  1906  to  1916  in  the  ton- 
nage and  valuation  of  ferryboats  is  due  to  the  de- 
crease in  their  use,  owing  to  new  tunnel  and  bridge 
construction,  chiefly  in  New  York,  mentioned  else- 
where in  this  report.  While  the  valuation  of  these 
craft  in  1906  showed  an  increase  of  $19,135,630,  or 
183.2  per  cent,  over  the  figures  for  1889,  there  was  a 
decrease  of  $6,351,206,  or  21.5  per  cent,  from  1906  to 
1916.  In  1906  the  valuation  of  ferryboats  was  7.6 
per  cent  of  the  valuation  of  all  steam  vessels  and  5.8 


UNITED  STATES. 


53 


per  cent  of  the  valuation  of  vessels  of  all  kinds;  in  1916 
these  proportions  had  decreased  to  2.9  and  2.4  per  cent, 
respectively. 

The  valuation  of  steam  yachts  in  1916  constituted 
4.2  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  steam  vessels  and  3.5 
per  cent  of  the  aggregate  for  the  United  States;  in 
1906  the  proportions  were  6.3  and  4.8  per  cent,  re- 
spectively. The  absolute  increase  in  the  valuation 
of  steam  yachts  from  1906  to  1916  was  S9,165,282, 
or  37.7  per  cent.  Between  1889  and  1906  the  increase 
was  $20,423,051,  or  529.3  per  cent.  The  value  of  sail 
yachts  constituted  only  3.4  per  cent  of  the  total  value 
of  all  saiUng  vessels  in  1916  and  two-tenths  of  1  per 
cent  of  the  aggregate  for  the  United  States  as  com- 
pared with  7.4  and  eight-tentlis  of  1  per  cent  in  1906. 
There  was  an  increase  in  the  value  of  these  yachts 
from  1889  to  1906  of  81,418,498,  or  51.6  per  cent,  but 


a  decrease  of  S2,228,740,  or  53.5  per  cent,  from  1906 
to  1916. 

The  value  of  steam  craft  classified  as  miscellaneous 
shows  a  large  increase,  S5, 463,812,  or  71.6  per  cent, 
since  1906,  while  sail  vessels  so  classified,  although 
comparatively  of  small  value,  show  a  decided  decrease. 
The  value  of  the  miscellaneous  class  of  vessels  de- 
creased from  4.9  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  all  ves- 
sels in  1889  to  1.6  per  cent  in  1906,  and  1.4  per  cent 
in  1916. 

The  tonnage  of  sailing  vessels  of  composite  con- 
struction, classed  as  "freight  ami  passenger"  and 
"  miscellaneoxis, "  was  insignificant  in  1889  and  in  1906, 
and  none  was  reported  in  1916. 

Table  39  shows  the  average  gross  tonnage  and  value 
per  vessel  and  the  average  value  per  ton,  by  occupation 
and  character  of  construction,  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


Table  39.— AVERAGE  GROSS  TONNAGE  AND  VALUE  PER  MISSEL  AND  A\'ERAGE  VALUE  PER  TON,  BY  CHARACTER 
OF  CONSTRUCTION  AND  BY  CLASS  AND  OCCUPATION:  1916,  1906,  AND  1889. 


CLASS  AXD  OCCUPATION. 


C«n- 
sxas 
year. 


A^regate . 
Steami 


Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels . 
Ferryboats 


Yachts. 


Uiscellaneous. . 


Sail. 


Freight  and  passenger . 


Yachts. 


Uiscellaneous. 
Unrigged , 


1916 
1906 
1SS3 

1916 
1906 
18S9 

1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 


Average 
tonnage 

per 
vessel. 


323 
345 

274 


Average 

value 

per 

vessel. 


S25,332 
13,611 
6,790 


418 
409 
305 


1,013 
944 
531 

72 
85 
75 

367 

4«7 
320 

29 

38 


57 

83 

211 


390 
239 
211 


55,014 

3-S,962 
23,482 


126,348 
79,175 
37,464 

14,885 
12,687 
8,905 

38,015 
55,184 
22,901 

8,837 
11,159 
16, 777 

11,518 
14.649 
16,546 


20,170 
7,882 
6,695 


491 
323 
239 

20 
IS 
23 

45 
20 
44 

245 
352 
294 


24,724 
9,924 
7,164 

3,410 
2,616 
4,212 

4,428 
1,745 
2,976 

4,787 
3,208 
1,313 


-Average 

value 

per 

ton. 


132 
95 

77 


125 
84 
71 

208 
149 
119 

104 
113 
71 

300 

295 
284 

201 
177 
79 


50 
31 
30 

170 
173 
183 


Average 
tonnage 

per 
vessel. 


1,763 

1,656 

958 


2,102 
1,742 


3,381 

2,889 
1,397 

167 

200 
86 

844 
971 
682 

249 

286 
195 

249 

348 

1,014 


1,811 

1,740 

730 


Average 

value 

per 

vessel. 


S219,943 
IM,  739 
92,917 


278,542 
173,052 
93,920 


430,890 
262,638 
131,068 

44,920 
ai,701 
16,465 

&4.223 
127,177 
60,275 

92,795 
93,463 
65,989 

72,291 

76,  ■.>r>S 
S6,  llil 


135,901 
80,906 
54,629 


Average  'Average 

value    I  tonnage 

per      I      per 

ton.     .  vessel. 


S125 
93 

97  i 


185 
272 
261 


Average 

value 

per 

vessel. 


S6,611 
5,650 
5,147 


133  , 
99 
97  ' 


72 

9,142 

137 

11,593 

233 

15,803 

127 
91 
94 

269 

174 
192 

112 
131 
97 

373 

327 
339 

290 
221 

85 


1,917 
2,051 
1,217 

2S4 
112 
80 


530 

760 


140,894 
89,386 
69,313 

64.000 
36,490 
35,050 


74 
44 
57 

225 
327 
437 


27,379 
34,144 


132 
286 
406 

54 
67 
75 

189 
288 
266 

18 
21 
41 

39 
50 
136 


314 

211 
209 


398 
285 
237 

15 
14 
22 

45 
20 
44 

235 

■MS 

■294 


13,301 
17,336 
23,965 

9,230 
9,205 

8,482 

16,965 
25,635 
16,329 

4,357 
5,475 
10,268 

5,853 
7,033 
9,912 


13,934 
6,477 
6.585 


17,164 
8,157 
7,063 

2.228 
2.067 
3,913 

4.428 
1.736 

2,981 

3,997 

2,9.i6 

> 1,313 


Average 

value 

per 

ton. 


$36 
21 
20 


Average 

tonnage 

per 


493 
372 
395 


Average    Average 

value     !    value 

per  per 

vessel.        ton. 


$55,646 
27,455 
24,477 


127 
85 
68 


100 
61 
59 

172 
138 
114 

90 
89 
61 

249 
265 

248 

150 
140 
73 


43 
29 
30 

151 
153 
174 


6J2 
420 


74,884 
36,727 
52,106 


1,111 

1,128 
916 

112 
96 
39 

218 
414 


83 

90 
118 

155 

327 

92 


44 
210 
290 


2,347 
321 

44 
36 
24 


114 
35 


154 
513 


120,529 
65,176 
73,091 

19,607 
10,450 
3,633 

26,109 
23,000 


25.868 
27,738 
45.000 

22,023 
50,000 
22,200 


7,750 
16,352 
9,632 


118,000 
10,251 

7,750 
8,354 
6,833 


5,000 
2,438 

7,469  I 
9. 171 


1  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


« Includes  a  few  craft  of  metal  construction  which  were  not  segregated  in  1SS9. 


$113 
74 
62 


117 

87 


loe 
ss 

80 

174 
109 
92 

120 
56 


311 
308 
382 

142 
153 
242 


175 
78 
33 


50 
32 

175 
235 

285 


44 
70 


49 

IS 


Tliere  was  a  very  large  increase  from  1906  to  1916 
in  the  actual  number,  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels 
of  metal  construction,  while  those  of  wooden  construc- 
tion decreased  in  both  number  and  tonnage,  but  in- 
creased somewhat  in  total  value.  The  composite 
vessels  ^ow  increases  in  all  three  particulars  during 


the  same  period.  In  1916  the  vessels  of  largest  aver- 
age tonnage  were  freight  and  passenger  steamers  of 
metal  construction,  but,  with  the  e.xception  of  ferry- 
boats, the  average  value  per  ton  was  the  least  of  any 
of  the  five  classes  shown  by  occupation.  Of  the  aggre- 
gate for   all   classes,    metal   construction   shows   the 


54 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


greatest  average  tonnage  and  value  per  vessel  and 
value  per  ton  at  each  census,  and  wood  the  smallest. 

Sailing  vessels  of  metal  construction  are  shown  in 
but  two  occupation  classes,  freight  and  passenger  and 
yachts.  The  freight  and  passenger  were  the  larger  in 
average  tonnage  and  value  per  vessel,  but  were  greatly 
exceeded  by  yachts  in  average  value  per  ton.  It  is 
noticeable,  however,  that  while  the  per  ton  value  of 
yachts  decreased  in  1916,  as  compared  with  1906,  that 
for  freight  and  passenger  vessels  nearly  doubled. 

The  lowest  average  tonnage  and  value  per  vessel 
in  1916  were  shown  for  sailing  yachts  of  wooden  con- 
struction, and  the  lowest  average  value  per  ton  was 
for  unrigged  craft,  also  of  wood. 

CHAEACTEB  OF  POWER  AND   MACHINE  PBOPXJLSION. 

The  niunber  of  steam  and  motor  vessels,  by  char- 
acter of  propulsion  and  their  gross  tonnage  and 
horsepower,  are  shown  in  Table  40  for  1916  and  1906, 
with  per  cent  of  increase  and  per  cent  of  total. 

Table  40. ^Vessels  Propelled  by  Steam  and  Motor,  by 
Character  of  Propulsion,  Gross  Tonnage,  and  Horsepower, 
WITH  Per  Cent  op  Increase  and  Per  Cent  of  Total:  1916 
AND  1906. 


Total. 

Steam. 

Motor. 

PEE  CENT  OF 
TOTAL. 

Steam. 

Motor. 

Number  of  vessels: 
1916       .     . 

14,581 
9,927 

46.9 

6,044 

6,765 

-10.7 

8,537 
3,102 

170.0 

41.5 
68.1 

58.5 

1906 

31.9 

Per  cent  of  in- 
crease* 

Screw: 

1916 

12,726 
7,952 
60.0 

1,421 

1,406 

1.1 

433 

562 

-23.0 

1 
7 

6,097,562 

4,059,521 

50.2 

4,599,073 

3,451,745 

33.2 

4,880 
5,160 
-5.4 

772 
1,055 
-26.8 

391 

543 

-28.0 

1 
7 

6,899,711 

4,008,431 

47.2 

4,264,770 

3,378,453 

26.2 

7,846 
2,792 
181.0 

649 
351 
84.9 

42 
19 

38.3 
64.9 

61.7 

1906 

35.1 

Stem  wheel: 
1916 

54.3 
75.0 

45.7 

1906 

25.0 

Per  cent  of  increase  • 

Side  wheel: 

1916 

90.3 
96.6 

9.7 

1906 

3.4 

Per  cent  of  increase  • 

All  other: 
1916 

100.0 
100.0 

96.8 
98.7 

1906 

Gross  tonnage: 

1916..                  

197,851 

61,090 

287.3 

334,303 
73,292 
356.1 

3  2 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase. 

1.3 

Horsepower: 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase 

92.7 
97.9 

7.3 
2.1 

1  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less 
than  100. 

Of  the  total  horsepower  reported  in  1916  for  aU 
vessels  propelled  by  machinery,  4,264,770,  or  92.7 
per  cent,  was  steam  and  334,303,  or  7.3  per  cent,  was 
motor.  In  1906  the  corresponding  proportions  were 
97.  9  and  2.1  per  cent,  respectively. 


Although  a  few  comparatively  large  craft  are  pro- 
pelled by  motors,  the  average  tonnage  of  aU  the 
motor  vessels  reported  at  the  census  of  1916  was 
23.2  and  the  average  horsepower  39.2.  At  the  census 
of  1906  the  corresponding  averages  were  16.2  and 
23.2,  respectively.  Evidently  the  motor  craft  of 
1916  were  of  larger  tonnage  and  greater  horsepower 
than  in  1906.  A  negligible  number  of  these  boats 
were  of  electric  propulsion. 

Considering  character  of  propulsion,  it  is  foimd 
that  12,726,  or  87.3  per  cent,  of  the  vessels  reported 
for  1916,  whether  steam  or  motor,  were  equipped 
with  the  screw  propeller,  an  increase  of  4,774,  or  60 
per  cent,  over  the  number  reported  for  1906.  Of  the 
remainder,  1,421,  or  9.7  per  cent,  were  equipped  with 
stern  wheels,  a  gain  of  15,  or  1.1  per  cent,  over  1906, 
while  433,  or  3  per  cent,  were  side-wheelers  in  1916, 
a  loss  of  129,  or  23  per  cent,  as  compared  with  1906. 

Referring  to  steam  vessels  only,  3,685,253,  or  86.4 
per  cent,  of  their  horsepower  in  1916  was  applied  by 
means  of  the  screw  propeller  as  compared  with 
2,717,649,  or  80.4  per  cent,  in  1906.  In  1916  the  one 
vessel  in  the  "all  other"  class  was  a  catamaran  pleas- 
ure boat  with  a  wheel  operated  by  steam  and  located 
in  the  center  of  the  boat  between  the  two  parallel 
hulls. 

The  decrease  in  the  number  of  vessels  operated  by 
steam  is  notable,  but  this  taken  in  connection  with  the 
increased  figm"es  for  tonnage  shows  that  the  newer 
steamers  on  the  average  were  of  larger  tonnage  than 
those  reported  for  1906. 

In  the  case  of  motor  boats,  the  horsepower  of  aU 
vessels  increased  regardless  of  the  type  of  propeller 
vnih  which  they  were  fitted.  Motor  vessels  equipped 
with  screw  propellers,  however,  increased  their  pro- 
portion of  the  total  horsepower  from  91.7  per  cent  m 
1906  to  94.8  per  cent  in  1916,  while  those  equipped 
with  stem  wheels  show  a  decrease  in  this  respect 
from  7.8  per  cent  m  1906  to  4.8  per  cent  in  1916.  The 
small  proportion  which  the  horsepower  of  motor  boats 
propelled  by  side  wheels  formed  of  the  total  was  the 
same  at  each  census,  four-tenths  of  1  per  cent. 

With  its  great  reach  of  coast  and  nimierous  seaports, 
it  is  not  siuprising  that  the  Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf 
of  Mexico  division  during  the  10  years  covered  by  Table 
41  not  only  maintained  first  rank  in  total  amount 
of  horsepower  but  increased  its  lead.  At  the  census  of 
1916  this  division  reported  56.5  per  cent  of  all  horse- 
power, as  compared  with  50.9  per  cent  at  the  census  of 
1906.     The   Great   Lakes   and   St.    Lawrence   River 


UNITED  STATES. 


55 


ranked  second  at  both  censuses,  but  its  proportion  of 
the  total  horsepower  decreased  from  28.5  per  cent  in 
1906  to  23.2  per  cent  in  1916.  The  other  divisions  fol- 
lowed in  the  order  named:  The  Pacific  coast  (including 
Alaska)  with  14.6  per  cent  of  the  total  in  1916  and  12.9 
per  cent  in  1906;  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tribu- 


taries, with  4.8  per  cent  in  1916  and  6.9  per  cent  in 
1906;  "All  other  inland  waters,"  with  six-tenths  of  1 
per  cent  in  1916  and  three-tenths  of  1  per  cent  in 
1906;  and  "Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New 
York  state,"  with  three- tenths  of  1  per  cent  in  1916 
and  five-tenths  of  1  per  cent  in  1906. 


Table  41.— CHARACTER  OF  POWER  AND  PROPULSION,  BY  DIVISIONS:  1916  AND  1906. 


Census 

year. 

TOTAL. 

SCBEW. 

DIVI3IOM'. 

Number  of 

vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Horsepower. 

Steam. 

Motor. 

Number 

of 
vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Horsepower. 

Number 

of 
vessels. 

Gro.ss 
tonnage 

Horse- 
power. 

Total 

1916 
1906 

14.5S1 

9,927 

46.9 

6, 097,  .562 

4, 059, 521 

50.2 

4,599,073 

3,451,745 

33.2 

4,880 
6,160 
-5.4 

5,424,326 

3,424,972 

5S.i 

3,685,253 

2,717,649 

35.6 

7,846 
2,792 
181.0 

185,887 
46,251 
301.9 

316,987 
67.240 
371.4 

Per  cent  of  increase  * . . 

1916 
1906 

8,347 
5,413 
54.2 

2,123 
1,066 
99.2 

1,837 

1,676 

9.6 

1,700 
1,435 
18.5 

170 

151 

12.6 

404 

186 

117.2 

2,828,953 

1,457,894 

94.0 

710,360 

518,107 

37.1 

2,410,430 

1,915,786 

25.8 

119,963 

146,227 

-18.0 

11,603 
14,127 
-17.9 

16,253 
7,380 
120.2 

2,597,427 

1,758,378 

47.7 

672, 9.58 

445,717 

51.0 

1,066,169 

982,555 

8.5 

219,434 

236,969 

-7.4 

15.191 
17,  767 
-14.5 

27,894 

10,359 

169.3 

2,849 
2,907 
-2.0 

542 
507 
6.9 

1,119 

1,396 
-19.8 

104 

130 

-20.0 

102 

107 

-4.7 

164 

113 

45.1 

2,491.461 

1,135,578 

119.4 

563,908 

408,849 

37.9 

2,346,388 

1,862,244 

26.0 

9,156 
6,652 
37.6 

6.461 
8,109 
-20.3 

6,952 

3,  .540 

96.4 

2,160,236 

1,413,088 

52.9 

517,037 

357,503 

44.6 

954,233 

912,  &»7 

4.5 

29,776 

18,326 

62.5 

9,572 

10,324 

-7.3 

14,399 
5.461 
163.7 

5,085 
1,951 
160.6 

1,380 

330 

318.2 

682 

220 

210.0 

501 

226 

121.7 

46 
31 

122,888 

33,727 

264.4 

39,496 
6,251 
531.8 

11,926 
3,127 
281.4 

8,258 
2,182 
278.5 

1,428 

536 

166.4 

1,891 

428 

341.8 

197,103 
45,433 
333.8 

66,160 
10,372 
537.9 

29,679 
5.695 
421.1 

17,276 
4.098 
321.6 

2,321 

828 

180.3 

4,448 

814 

446.4 

1916 
1906 

Pfir  ppnt  nf  iTirTftft.<w 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

Per  cent  of  increase  ^ . . 

Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York 
state. 
Per  cent  of  increase  * 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

152 
34 

Per  cent  of  increase 

Census 
year. 

STEEN  WHEEL. 

SIDE  WHEEL. 

ALL  OTHER. 

Steam. 

Motor. 

Steam. 

Motor. 

Steam. 

Num- 
ber 
of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Horse- 
power. 

Num- 
ber 
of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross  T 
ton-    ' 
nage.  * 

lorse- 
ower. 

Num- 
ber 
of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tnn- 
nage. 

Horse- 
power. 

Niun- 
ber 
of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Hors^ 
power. 

Num- 
ber 
of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Horse- 
power. 

Total 

1916 
1906 

772 
1,0.W 
-26.8 

133,248 

193,208 

-31.0 

189,845 

247,020 

-23.1 

649 
351 
84.9 

10,451   1 
4,592 
127.6 

6,074 
5,747 
179.7 

391 
543 

-2S.  0 

342,  W8 

389,327 

-12.1 

389,552 
413. 152 

-5.7 

42 
19 

1,513 

247 

612.6 

1,242 

3a5 

307.2 

1 

7 

89 

924 

-90.4 

120 

632 

-81.0 

1916 
1906 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gull  of  Mexico 

85 

157 

-45.9 

146 

184 

-20.7 

7,613 
17,226 
-55.8 

53,625 
67.364 
-20.4 

9,577 
19,557 
-51.0 

51.071 

54,271 

-5.9 

71 

26 

7 
7 

1 
2 

1,585 

395 

301.3 

158 

175 

-9.7 

15 

24 

2,236 

533 

319.5 

467 

208 

124.5 

20 
13 

2';6 

368 

-30.4 

38 
34 

2a5,387 

270.831 

-24.2 

52,378 

35,394 

48.0 

51,939 

49,339 

5.3 

2.5,803 

28,221 

-8,6 

2,800 
4,920 
-43.1 

3,741 

622 
601.4 

228,245 

279,675 

-18.4 

37,760 

23,246 

62.4 

82,137 

62,985 

30.4 

34,565 
39.731 
-13.0 

1,700 
6,350 
-73.2 

5,145 
1,165 
.^11. 6 

1 
2 

19 
22 

30 
30 

Per  cent  of  increase' 

2 

115 

62 

Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska) 

1916 
1906 

10 
4 

795 
74 

463 

117 

295.7 

100 

Per  -«nt  of  increase ' 

Oreat  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River 

1916 
1906 

34 
61 

1 

162 

6 

859 

880 

1 

193 

35 

Per  cent  of  increase 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries 

1916 
1906 

479 

678 

-29.4 

15 
5 

68,057 

104,476 

-34.9 

842 

662 

49.8 

3,111 

2,721 

14.3 

124,853 

169,210 

-28.2 

1,415 

265 

434.0 

2.929 

2,837 

3.2 

536 
312 
71.8 

4 

8,087   I 

3,929 

105.8 

57 

2,240 
4,911 
149.2 

158 

51 
72 

28 
13 

1 

513 

151 

239.7 

15 

604 

158 

282.3 

25 

1 
4 

89 

616 

-85.6 

120 

535 

77  6 

Canals  and  otlier  inland  waters  of  New  York 

1916 
1906 

2 
8 

state. 

Percent  of  increase' 

All  other  inland  waters 

1916 
1906 

47 

25 

30 
4 

549 

69 

953 

82 

10 
10 

1 

9 

20 

Percent  of  increase 

1              1 

* 

1  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100. 


66 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  42  shows  the  number  of  machinery  propelled 
vessels,  by  character  of  propulsion  and  the  total  horse- 


power of  steam  and  motor  vessels,  by  occupation,  with 
per  cent  of  increase:  1916  and  1906. 


Table  42. 


-CHARACTER  OF  PROPULSION  AND  HORSEPOWER  OF  STEAM  VESSELS,'  BY  OCCUPATION.  WITH  PER 

CENT  OF  INCREASE:  J910  AND  190G. 


Census 
year. 

CHARACTER  OP  PROPULSION. 

HORSEPOWER   OF  ENQINES. 

OCCUPATION. 

Total. 

Screw 
(number). 

Side 

whool 

(number). 

Stem 

wheel 
(number). 

All 

olhor 
(number). 

Total. 

Pteam . 

Jfotor. 

Total 

1916 
1906 

14,581 

9,927 

46.9 

12,720 
7,952 
60.0 

433 

562 
-23.0 

1,421 

1,406 

1.1 

1 
7 

4,599,073 

3,451,745 

33.2 

4,264,770 

3,378,453 

21).  2 

334,303 

Per  cent  of  incrca^  ' 

73,292 
356. 1 

1916 
1906 

5,362 
3,615 
48.3 

3,C89 

3,079 

19.8 

611 
636 
14.0 

3,785 

2,178 

t3.9 

1,134 

.521 

117.7 

4,705 
2,766 
70.1 

2,9.^4 
2,428 
21.7 

274 

188 

45.7 

3,714 
2,093 
77.4 

1,079 

477 

126.2 

217 

285 

-23.9 

19 
27 

440 

564 

-22.0 

710 
624 
14.7 

158 

113 

39.8 

63 
76 

3,263,339 

2,275.712 

43.4 

704,293 

645,286 

9.1 

230,096 

265,659 

-13.4 

291,221 

201,983 

44.2 

110,124 
63,105 

3,167,780 

2,2,'i5,295 

40.5 

6.5,5,831 

637,9.50 

2.8 

223,610 

264,414 

-12.0 

142,264 
162,032 
-12.2 

75,285 

58,7C.2 

28.1 

95,  .5,59 

20,417 
368.0 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels.. 

1916 
1906 

48,462 
7,336 

Per  cent  of  increase        .            . 

560.  G 

Ferryboats 

1916 
1906 

178 

228 

-21.9 

8 

7 

1 

7 

fi,  4S6 

1,245 
423.0 

1916 
1906 

148,957 
39,951 

Per  cent  of  increase  * 

272.8 

ViieplI?\Tieons                                                               

1916 
1906 

11 
15 

44 

29 

34,839 

4,343 

Per  cent  of  increase 

702.2 

'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


•  A  minus  sign  (  — )  denotes  decrease.     Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100. 


Although  the  total  horsepower  of  each  class  of  steam 
craft  shown  by  occupation,  except  ferryboats  and 
yachts,  actually  increased  during  the  decade,  the  rela- 
tive proportions  of  the  total  shown  for  the  different 
classes  changed  slightly.  The  horsepower  reported 
for  freight  and  passenger  craft  increased  from  65.9  per 
cent  of  the  total  in  1906  to  71  per  cent  in  1916,  while 
that  of  tugs  and  other  towing  vessels  and  of  ferryboats 
decreased  from  18.7  and  7.7  per  cent,  respectively,  to 
15.3  and  5  per  cent.  Yachts  and  miscellaneous  craft 
show  slightly  increased  proportions  of  the  total  in 
1916,  that  of  yachts  forming  6.3  per  cent  in  1916  as 
compared  with  5.9  per  cent  in  1906  and  of  miscella- 
neous craft  2.4  per  cent  in  1916  and  1.8  per  cent  in 
1906. 

There  was  an  increase  in  the  total  number  of  vessels 
engaged  in  the  various  occupations  shown,  and  all 
classes  of  vessels  equipped  with  screw  propellers  show 
substantial  increases  in  number  between  1906  and  1916. 

Of  the  freight  and  passenger  craft  in  1916,  all  but 
12.3  per  cent  were  equipped  with  screw  propellers;  of 
the  tugs,  all  but  19.9  per  cent;  of  the  yachts,  all  but 
1.9  per  cent;  and  of  vessels  of  miscellaneous  occupa- 
tion, all  but  4.9  per  cent.  Less  than  half,  44.8  per 
cent,  of  the  ferryboats,  however,  were  thus  equipped. 

The  increase  in  the  number  of  vessels  fitted  with 
stern  wheels  was  slight,  only  1.1  per  cent.  In  this 
character  of  propulsion  tugs  led,  mostly  operated  on 
the  Mississippi  River  division,  with  an  increase  of  14.7 
per  cent  smce  1906;  freight  and  passenger  vessels 
ranked  second,  although  showuig  considerable  loss 
since  1906;  and  ferryboats  third,  with  an  increase  dur- 
ing the  decade  of  39.8  per  cent. 


The  number  of  vessels  equipped  with  side  wheels 
formed  a  small  proportion  of  the  total  in  both  1916 
and  1906,  and  each  of  the  several  classes  of  vessels  so 
equipped,  except  yachts,  which  increased  from  7  to  8, 
showed  decreases  during  this  period. 

INCOME. 

A  close  study  of  the  figures  of  gross  income  are  un- 
satisfactory, because  it  is  impracticable  to  associate 
them  with  the  length  and  frequency  of  trip  or  voyage 
and  character  of  cargo,  and  they  must  be  accepted, 
therefore,  only  as  showing  general  conditions.  Too 
much  reliance  can  not  fairly  be  placed  on  average  in- 
come per  vessel  or  per  ton,  nor  upon  earnings 
compared  with  the  value  shown  for  vessels.  Never- 
theless, some  study  of  conditions  other  than  that 
based  on  mere  comparison  of  increase  or  decrease  in 
total  gross  income  by  geographic  divisions,  or  even 
by  occupation,  is  desirable.  This  perhaps  is  best 
afforded  by  a  comparison  of  average  earnings  by  gross 
tonnage  at  each  census.  Subject,  therefore,  to  criti- 
cism already  noted — the  absence  of  any  statement  as 
to  relative  length  of  voyage,  frequency  of  trips,  char- 
acter of  cargo,  and  differences  in  freight  and  passenger 
rates,  all  of  which  particulars  it  is  impracticable  to 
secure  fully  in  a  limited  inquiry  like  that  undertaken 
in  a  general  census — the  averages  may  be  accepted  as 
illustrative  of  the  general  changes  in  earnings  of  ship- 
ping from  one  census  to  another. 

Table  43  shows  the  gross  income,  by  divisions  and 
occupations,  with  per  cent  of  increase  for  1916  and 
1906. 


UNITED  STATES. 


57 


Table  43,— GROSS  INCOME— ALL  VESSELS  AND  CRAFT,   BY  DIVISIONS  AND  OCCUPATIONS, 

INCREASE:  1916  AND  190G. 


WITH  PER  CENT  OV. 


TOTAL. 

FREIGHT. 

PASSENGER. 

ALL  OTHER. 

PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE,  1906-1916.t 

DrVIS:ON   AND   OCCUPATION. 

l!ll« 

190(5 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

Total. 

Freight. 

Passen- 
ger. 

All 

other. 

Total 

$563,736,367 

1294, 8.'!4, 532 

«22,773,417 

$175,  .54.5, 361 

$52,9.58,670 

$43,645,365 

«88.004.2aO 

«7S,663.806 

91.2 

140.8 

21.3 

16.3 

Freieht  and  passen- 

423,966,259 

118,577,386 

21.192.722 

193,565,044 

80,562,881 
20.  726. 607 

368,070,543 

54,683,175 

19.699 

151.823,094 

23,673,211 

49.056 

42,548,358 

182,537 
10,227.775 

33,147,901 

80,423 
10.417.041 

13,347,358 

63,711,674 
10.94.5,248 

8,594,049 

56,809,247 

10. 260,  .510 

119.0 

47.2 
2.2 

142.4 

131.0 

-59.8 

28.4 

127.0 
-1.8 

55.3 

Towine  vessels  and 

unrigged  craft 

Another 

12.2 
6.7 

Atlantic  coast  and   Gulf  of 

376, 806. 060 
275,509,040 

87,689,998 
13,607,022 

80.215.193 
65,330,908 

11,313,936 
3,570,349 

85,095,887 
76,838,885 

6,  .501, 9.55 
1,755,047 

17,439,746 
5,312,501 

9,948,718 
2,178,527 

2, 138,. 557 
280,888 

1,833,346 
24,323 

2,040,924 
694,037 

1,289,433 
57,454 

159.7.W,9?4 
92,096,988 

,54.727.996 
12,934,940 

48.. 520, 139 
37,969,854 

6,238,8.56 
4,311,429 

65,274,702 
56,850,553 

7,067,422 
1,356,727 

17,342,018 
5,934,629 

9.342,145 
2,065,264 

2,781,604 
387,489 

2,388.96.5 
5,150 

1,176,12,5 
325,531 

797,497 
53.097 

288.1.58.996 
241,563,075 

46,593,413 
2,508 

56,  .561, 447 
63, 644, 047 

2, 915, 893 
1,507 

70,377,339 
69,143,942 

1,226,575 
6,822 

5,671,446 
3, 459, 646 

2,211,800 

83,890,161 
68,185,461 

15,697,425 
7,275 

29.340,102 
28,155,669 

1,184,118 
415 

52.076,533 
61,150,376 

889,511 
36,646 

7.450,869 
4,038,002 

3,412,867 

31,475,4.54 
24,794,470 

9,161 
6,671,823 

11. .571, 416 
9,312,452 

40,996 
2,217,968 

6,879,005 
6, 190, 830 

2,095 
686,080 

2,404,703 
1,643,781 

129,404 
631,518 

14.5,509 
142,138 

800 
2,571 

482,583 
464,687 

81 
17,815 

25,643,.332 
18,208,365 

46. 254 
7,388,713 

10.424,493 
8,375,705 

10,208 
2, 038,  .580 

4,866,904 
4,408,880 

1,168 
456, 856 

2,281,243 
1,766,581 

15,780 
498,882 

264,397 
259,037 

1,350 
4,010 

164,996 
129,333 

5,663 
30,000 

57,171,610 
9,151,495 

41,087,424 
6,932,691 

12,082.330 
2,. 374, 409 

8,357,047 
1,350,874 

7. 839,  .543 
1,504,113 

5,273.285 
1,062,145 

9,363.597 
209,074 

7,607,514 
1,547,009 

846,886 
40, 693 

784,441 
21,7.52 

700,314 
67,574 

601.963 
30,777 

50,226,431 
6,703,162 

38,984,317 
5,538,962 

8,7.55,544 
1,438,580 

5,044,530 
2,272,434 

8,331.265 
1,291,297 

6,176,743 
863,225 

7,609,926 
130,046 

5,913,498 
1,566,382 

318,287 
19,804 

297,343 
1,140 

422,353 
11,160 

392.816 
18,377 

13.5.9 
199.2 

60.2 
6.2 

65.3 
72.1 

81.3 
-17.2 

30.4 
35.2 

-8.0 
29.4 

0.6 
-10.5 

6.5 
5.5 

-23.1 
-27.5 

-23.3 
372.3 

73.5 
113.2 

61.7 
8.2 

243.5 
254.3 

196.8 
-65.  S 

92.8 
90.5 

146.3 
263.1 

36.1 
35.2 

37.9 
-81.4 

-23.9 
-14.3 

-35.2 

22.7 
36.2 

-80.2 
-9.7 

11.0 
11.2 

301.6 
8.8 

41.3 
40.4 

79.4 
50.2 

5.4 
-7.0 

720.1 
26.6 

-45.0 
-45.1 

-40.7 
-35.9 

192.5 
259.3 

-98.6 
-40.6 

13.8 

Freight  and  passenger 

Towing  vessels  and  un- 

60.5 
5.4 

All  other 

25. 2 

Pacific  coastfincludingAla^ka) 

Freight  and  passenger 

Towing  vessels  and  un- 

38.0 
65.1 

65.7 

-40.6 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence 

-5.9 

Freight  and  passenger 

To\ving  vessels  and  un- 

16.5 
-14.6 

All  other 

23.0 

Mississippi  River  and  its  trib- 

23.0 

Freight  and  passenger 

Towing  vessels  and  un- 

60.8 
28.6 

-1.2 

Canals   and    other    inland 
waters  of  New  York  state. . . 

Freight  and  passenger 

Towing  vessels  and  un- 
rigged craft 

1,146,162 
98,057 

1,048,105 

2,198,920 
108,648 

2,090,272 

-47.9 
-  9.7 

-49.9 

166.1 
105.5 

163.8 

All  nthpf 

1,808.1 

All  other  inland  waters 

Freight  and  passenger 

Towing  vessels  and  un- 

8.58,027 
161,776 

687,389 
8,862 

588,776 
185,038 

399,018 
4,720 

45.7 
-12.6 

72.3 

87.8 

a5.8 
505.5 

53.2 

All  other... 

67.5 

i  A  minus  sign  (  — )  denotes  decrease. 


Vessels  employed  in  the  fisheries  were  not  reported 
at  the  census  of  1906,  and  as  Table  43  shows  data  for 
both  1916  and  1906,  statistics  for  such  craft,  even 
though  taken  for  1916,  are  not  included. 

As  the  greatest  part  of  the  tonnage  of  tugs  is  devoted 
to  the  towing  of  barges  carrying  or  lightering  freight, 
and  their  income  is  derived  from  this  source,  the  earn- 
ings from  the  two  classes  of  vessels  have  been  com- 
bined in  Table  43.  Some  duplication  necessarily 
arises  in  such  a  combination,  since  the  towmg  charges 
were  sometimes  included  in  receipts  shown  for  the 
tows  although  returned  separately  by  the  mdependent 
tugs.  This  duplication,  however,  is  not  of  sufficient 
importance  to  seriously  afi"ect  the  comparative  figures 
in  this  table. 

As  showTi  in  Table  2,  the  gross  tonnage  of  the  active 
vessels  decreased  5  per  cent  between  1906  and  1916, 
while  the  gross  income  increased  91.2  per  cent,  and 
the  estimated  commercial  value  of  the  craft  increased 
89  per  cent.  In  1906  for  every  $100  value  of  vessels 
there  was  $58  of  gross  income;  in  1916  this  had  risen 
to  $59.  The  figures  on  which  these  averages  are 
based  include  yachts  and  boats  owned  by  local  gov- 
ernments. A  comparatively  small  amount  of  reve- 
nue  was   reported   for   yachts,   representing  mostly 


earnings  from  pleasure  and  fishing  parties,  etc.  If  the 
figures  for  these  two  classes  of  boats  be  excluded  from 
the  totals  for  1916  there  remain  33,066  vessels  with  a 
gross  tonnage  of  12,044,095,  valued  at  $913,390,433, 
or  $76  per  ton  and  $27,623  per  vessel.  The  gross  in- 
come from  these  vessels  for  the  year  was  $561,041,328, 
or  $61  for  each  $100  of  value.  These  figures  should 
be  compared  with  those  for  1906,  when  similar  craft 
were  reported  to  the  number  of  33,236,  with  a  gross 
tonnage  of  12,724,260,  valued  at  $471,481,311,  or  $37 
per  ton  and  $14,186  per  vessel.  Their  gross  income 
was  $291,648,400,  or  $62  for  each  $100  of  value. 
These  figures  are  confusing,  since  when  based  on  the 
valuation  of  vessels,  a  decrease  is  shown  during  the 
decade  for  each  $100  of  value,  but  a  comparison  of 
income  based  on  tonnage  shows  that  in  1916  there 
was  $47  of  gross  income  for  each  ton  operated  in  1916 
as  compared  with  $23  in  1906.  It  is  evident  that  the 
income  did  not  increase  proportionately  with  the 
values  placed  upon  the  vessels. 

The  receipts  from  freight  in  1916,  all  craft  being 
considered,  represented  75  per  cent  of  the  total  gross 
income,  leaving  9.4  per  cent  for  receipts  from  passen- 
gers, and  15.6  per  cent  for  such  as  was  reported  from 
all  other  sources,  towing,  chartering,  lightering,  etc. 


58 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Freight  receipts  more  than  doubled  from  1906  to  1916, 
while  income  from  passengers  increased  only  about  one- 
fifth.     In  this  connection  it  should  not  be  forgotten 


that  although  there  was  a  large  increase  in  tons  of 
freight  carried  in  1916  compared  with  1906,  there  was 
a  decrease  in  the  number  of  passengers. 


Diagram  6.— INCOME  OF  VESSELS,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  BY  OCCUPATION:  1916  AND  1906. 

ATLANTIC    COAST    AND    GULF  OF    MEXICO 

1816  ^gg^^^^^f^ 

I90f  "" 


\y/////////////////A 


PACIFIC    COAST    INCLUDING    ALASKA 


1916 
1906 

lere 

1906 

1916 
1906 


GREAT   LAKES   AND    ST.  LAWRENCE    RIVER, 
1 

MISSISSIPPI     RIVER    AND   TRIBUTARIES 


m 


ALL  OTHER    INLAND   WATERS 


'^/gA 


FREIGHT 

PASSENGER 

I 
ALL  OTHER 


w 

lOO 

IW                             200 

MILLIONS  OF   DOLLARS 

MISSISSIPPI 

ALL  OTHER 

3M 


"'"'C      COASf 


More  than  two-thirds  of  the  receipts  from  freight 
and  about  three-fifths  of  those  from  passengers  were 
reported  from  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  in  1916. 
The  Great  Lakes  and  St.  La\vrence  River  division  was 
second  in  proportion  of  receipts  from  freight,  with 
nearly  one-sixth,  of  the  total  income  from  that  source, 
and  the  Pacific  coast  third,  with  considerably  more 
than  one-eighth.  In  passenger  receipts  and  receipts 
from  "all  other"  sources,  the  Pacific  coast  retained 
second  place,  having  substantially  one-fifth  and  one- 
seventh  of  the  respective  totals.  While  reporting  a 
decrease  in  receipts  from  freight,  the  division  of  the 
Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries  reported  a  con- 
siderable gain  ill  passenger  receipts  and  in  receipts 
from  "all  other"  sources. 

In  absolute  increases  the  Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf 
of  Mexico  division  led  in  receipts  from  freight,  from 
passengers,  and  from  all  other  sources,  and  also  in 
relative  increase  in  income  from  freight,  but  the  divi- 
sions of  the  Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River  and 
"All  other  inland  waters"  exceeded  it  in  rate  of  gain 
in  receipts  from  passengers,  the  percentages  for  these 


two  divisions  being  41.3  and  192.5  per  cent,  respec- 
tively, compared  with  22.7  per  cent  for  the  Atlantic 
coast.  Four  of  the  divisions  exceeded  the  Atlantic 
and  Gulf  coasts  in  the  rate  of  increase  in  receipts  from 
"  all  other"  sources.  "Canals  and  other  inland  waters 
of  New  York  state,"  although  comparatively  small,  led 
with  a  gain  of  166.1  per  cent.  For  the  Atlantic  and 
Gulf  coasts,  while  the  actual  gain  was  large,  the  rela- 
tive gain  was  only  13.8  per  cent. 

In  considering  average  earnings  based  on  the  ton- 
nage of  vessels  for  the  different  divisions,  in  both  1916 
and  1906,  the  highest  average  was  shown  for  the 
Pacific  coast,  $68  for  1916  and  $50  for  1906.  The 
Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico  division  was  second 
in  both  years,  but  its  average  increased  much  more 
than  that  of  any  other  division,  from  $33  in  1906  to 
$58  in  1916.  The  Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence 
River  division  was  third  in  this  respect,  ^vith  $31  in 
1916  and  $27  in  1906.  The  smallest  averages  in  both 
j'ears  were  shown  for  the  Mississippi  River,  $11  per 
ton  in  1916  and  $4  in  1906.  This  small  average  was 
due  to  the  fact  that  the  combined  tonnage  of  towing 


UNITED  STATES. 


59 


vessels  and  unrigged  craft  formed  a  much  larger  pro- 
portion of  the  total  in  this  division  than  in  any  other, 
the  average  earnings  per  ton  of  such  craft  being  low 
when  compared  with  those  of  freight  and  passenger 
vessels.  Treating  the  freight  and  passenger  vessels 
separately,  there  was  a  high  average  for  both  census 
years  in  earnings  on  their  tonnage  value  for  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  S109  in  1916  and  S106  in  1906,  and  also 
of  "all  other  craft,"  $101  and  $75,  respectively. 

EMPLOYEES   AND   SALARIES   AND    WAGES. 

The  inquiries  concerning  employees  and  wages  were 
substantially  the  same  at  the  censuses  of  1906  and 
1916.  The  average  number  reported  as  employed  on 
vessels  was  the  niunber  ordinarily  required  for  their 


operation,  and  the  land  force  reported  included  per- 
sons employed  in  connection  with  the  loading  or  dis- 
charging of  cargoes  and  in  their  care,  and  in  working 
about  the  warehouses,  etc.  No  distinction  was  made 
between  the  officers  and  the  crew  on  vessels,  as  it  was 
found  impracticable  to  segregate  the  salaries  and 
wages  for  the  different  classes.  An  unsuccessful  efiFort 
was  made  in  1906  to  secure  separately  the  allowance, 
if  any,  for  board  and  lodging.  In  view  of  this  failure 
amounts  shown  for  this  expense  for  that  census  were 
included  with  salaries  and  wages.  In  1916  the  same 
course  was  followed. 

Table  44  shows  the  number  and  salaries  and  wages 
of  the  different  classes  of  employees,  by  divisions,  for 
1916  and  1906. 


Tablb  44.— employees,  AND  SALARIES  AND  WAGES,  BY  DrV'ISIONS,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE:  1916  AND  1906. 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 

OS  L.VND. 

DIVKIOS. 

TOTAI.. 

OS  TKS3IL3. 

Total. 

Officers,  managers, 
clerks,  etc. 

AU  other. 

Number 

of  em- 
ployees. 

Salaries 

and 
wages. 

Number 
of  em- 
ployees. 

Wages. 

Average 
number 
of  em- 
ployees. 

Salaries 

and 
wages. 

Average 
number 
of  em- 
ployees . 

Salaries. 

Average 
number 
of  em- 
ployees. 

Wages. 

Total 

1916 

1906 

236, 8'!2 

188,  WS 

25.  S 

$140, 8,59,  <)32 

103, 092,  712 

36.6 

1.53,  .^01 

140,929 

8.8 

$103. 23.5.  .5.34 

71,636,521 

44.1 

83,  .Wl 

47,419 

76.3 

$37,624,398 

31,456,191 

19.6 

18,867 

13,464 

40.1 

$16,299,779 

12,276,420 

32.8 

64,714 

33,955 

90.6 

$21,324,619 

19,179,771 

11.2 

1916 
1906 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gull  of  Mexico 

152, 561 

109,985 

38.7 

32,046 

25,519 

25,6 

31,923 

31,2.53 

2.1 

16,678 

17,473 

-4.5 

1,656 

2.710 
-38,9 

2,018 

1,408 

43.3 

84, 957,  .552 

59,125,132 

43.7 

24,350,0« 

17,190,022 

41.7 

22,628,228 

18,170,296 

24.5 

7,449,710 

7,063,776 

5.5 

674,220 

1,020,715 
-33.9 

800,158 

522,771 

63.1 

84,978 

77,124 

10.2 

23,576 

20,142 

17.0 

26,873 

24,916 

7.9 

14,706 

15,016 

-2.1 

1,490 

2,472 
-39,7 

1,678 
1,259 
33.3 

58,902,964 

38,352,2.59 

63.6 

18,055,141 

12,950,399 

39.4 

18,633,219 

13,280,716 

40,3 

6,380,325 

5,692,117 

12.1 

590,788 

920. 260 
-35.8 

673,097 

440,770 

52.7 

67,583 

32,861 

105.7 

8,470 

5,377 

57.5 

5,050 
6,337 
-20,3 

1,972 
2,457 
-19.7 

166 

23S 
-30.3 

340 

149 

128.2 

26,054,588 

20,772,873 

25.4 

6,294,923 

4,239,623 

48.5 

3,995,009 

4, 8.S9,  .5S0 

-18.3 

1,069,385 

1,371,659 

-22.0 

83,432 

100, 4,5.5 

-16.9 

127,061 

82,001 

55.0 

13,235 

8.500 

k7 

2,592 
1,853 
39.9 

2,073 

1,974 

5.0 

769 
1,011 
-23.9 

74 
92 

10.987,830 

7,865,181 

39.7 

2,410,693 

1,768,849 

36.3 

2,174,341 

1,874,357 

16.0 

596,649 

686,536 

-13.1 

60,015 

51.695 
-8.6 

80,251 
26,802 
199.4 

54,348 

24,361 

123.1 

5.878 

3,524 

66.8 

2,977 
4,363 
-31.8 

1,203 
1,448 

-16.8 

92 

146 

-37.0 

216 

115 

87.8 

15,066,758 
12,907,692 

PjV^jfir  rn^<.t  (inplnHjng  .\1fwfcfl)  ,  , 

1916 
1906 

3,884,230 

2,470,774 

57.2 

1,820,668 

3,015,223 

-39. « 

472,736 

685,123 

-31.0 

33,417 
4S,7ffl 

Per  cent  of  increase 

1916 
1906 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries. . 

1916 
1906 

Per  cent  of  increase  *.... 

Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York 
state 

1916 
1906 

Per  cent  of  increase ' 

1916 
1906 

124 
34 

46.810 

65,199 

Per  cent  of  increase ' 

1  X  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100. 


The  number  of  persons  employed  on  both  land  and 
sea  in  connection  with  water  transportation  as  re- 
ported for  1916  was  236,882,  which  is  48,534,  or  25.8 
per  cent,  more  than  were  so  employed  in  1906.  Of 
these,  153,301,  or  64.7  per  cent,  were  employed  on 
vessels,  being  an  increase  of  12,372,  or  8.8  per  cent, 
over  the  number  reported  in  1906.  The  number  em- 
ployed on  land,  83,581,  an  increase  of  36,162,  or  76.3 
per  cent,  over  those  serving  in  like  capacities  in  1906, 
were  separated  into  "Officers,  managers,  clerks,  etc." 
and  "All  other,"  these  classes  in  1916  forming  22.6 
and  77.4  per  cent  of  the  total,  respectively,  as  com- 
pared with  28.4  and  71.6  per  cent  in  1906. 

Nearly  two- thirds  of  the  total  employees  in  1916 
were  reported  from  the  Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of 
Mexico  division,  an  increase  of  nearly  two-fifths  since 


1906.  Also  the  number  employed  on  vessels  in  this 
division  constituted  considerably  over  one-half  of  the 
niunber  reported  for  the  United  States,  a  gain  of  10.2 
per  cent  for  the  decade.  The  Pacific  coast  and  the 
Great  Lakes  divisions,  second  and  third,  respectively, 
were  nearly  equal  in  respect  to  the  total  employed 
on  both  land  and  sea  for  1916,  but  the  increase  diuing 
the  decade  for  the  former  division,  25.6  per  cent,  was 
much  greater  than  that  for  the  latter,  2.1  per  cent. 
The  number  employed  on  vessels  operating  on  the 
Great  Lakes,  however,  was  considerably  larger  than 
the  number  shown  for  the  Pacific  coast,  although  the 
increase  was  but  7.9  per  cent  as  compared  with  17 
per  cent  for  the  Pacific  coast.  The  slight  net  gain 
in  the  total  number  of  employees  in  the  Great  Lakes 
division  was  due  to  the  loss  of  20.3  per  cent  in  number 


60 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


emplo3-ed  on  land,  which  decrease  was  wholly  in  the 
"All  other"  class.  The  division  of  the  Mississippi 
River  and  its  tributaries  shows  a  decrease  diu-ing  the 
decade  of  4.5  per  cent  in  the  total  number  employed, 
the  loss  behig  much  greater  relatively  in  the  number 
employed  on  land  than  on  vessels.  There  were  de- 
creases thi'oughout  in  the  nximber  employed  on ' '  Canals 
and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York  state"  and  sub- 
stantial increases  in  employees  on  "All  other  inland 
waters." 

The  relative  increase  in  the  wages  of  employees  on 
vessels  v/as  much  larger  than  that  in  the  salari&s  and 
wages  of  employees  on  land,  44.1  per  cent  for  the 
former  compared  with  19.6  per  cent  for  the  latter. 
The  wages  of  the  men  aboard  sliip  constituted  73.3  per 
cent  of  the  total  salaries  and  wages  in  1916  and  69.5 
per  cent  in  1906. 

Both  the  greatest  absolute  and  the  greatest  relative 
increase  in  total  wages  paid  to  men  aboard  ship, 
S'20, 550,705,  or  53.6  per  cent,  are  shown  for  the 
Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico  division.  The  next 
greatest  absolute  gain,  $5,352,503,  was  in  the  division 
of  the  Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River,  but  second 
rank  in  relative  gain,  52.7  per  cent,  was  in  "All  other 
inland  waters,"  which  division,  however,  contributed 
less  than  1  per  cent  of  the  total  for  all  divisions. 


Notwithstanding  a  slight  reduction  in  number  of 
employees  on  vessels  in  the  division  of  the  Mississippi 
River  and  its  tributaries,  the  wages  increased  12.1  per 
cent.  There  was  a  general  reduction  in  this  division 
in  both  the  nmnber  and  the  salaries  and  wages  of  all 
kinds  of  land  employees. 

FREIGHT. 

As  this  report  includes  statistics  for  American-owned 
vessels  only,  the  figm-es  for  freight  transported  and 
income  from  same  do  not  represent  the  total  traffic  of 
American  ports,  but  relate  only  to  freight  carried  on 
American  vessels  with  the  income  reported  from  such 
som-ce. 

The  true  relation  of  freight  and  income  can  not  be 
determined  without  complete  information  in  regard  to 
the  distances  the  freight  was  carried,  the  character  of 
the  commodities,  the  kind  of  vessels,  etc.  An  effort 
was  made  at  the  census  of  1906  to  secure  the  nimiber 
of  miles  sailed  by  each  vessel  during  the  year,  but  the 
results  were  so  unsatisfactory  that  the  inquiry  was 
abandoned  at  that  census,  and  in  1916  no  attempt  was 
made  to  seciu^e  such  information. 

Table  45  shows  the  total  freight  and  lighterage  or 
harbor  work,  and  corresponding  income,  by  divisions, 
at  the  census  of  1916. 


Table  45.— FREIGHT  TRANSPORTED  AND  LIGHTERAGE  OR  HARBOR  WORK,  WITH  INCOME  FROM  SAME,  BY 

DIVISIONS:  1916. 


TOTAL. 

FREionx. 

LIGHTERAGE   OR  HARBOR   WORK. 

DIVISION. 

Tons  (2,000 
pounds). 

Per 
cent 

of 
total. 

Income. 

Per    I 
cent  ' 

of     i 
total. 

Tons  (2,000 
pounds). 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Income. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Per 
Tons  (2,000     cent 
pounds).    1     of 
total. 

1 

Income. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Total 

381,432,974 

ino.o 

1M34,604,705 

100.0 

2,58,082,659 

100.0 

J386,536,641 

100.0 

123,350,315     100.0 

W8, 068, 064 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico. . . 

181,602,844 
25,127,633 

131,473,591 
40,169,427 
3,059,479 

47.6 
6.6 
34.5 
10.  S 
0.8 

■295,899,192 

156,813,446 

72,313,283 

7,563,446 

2,015,338 

68.1 

13.1 

16.6 

1.7 

0.5 

80, 335, 771 
21,856,134 
125,385,545 
27,962,583 
2,542,626 

31.1 

8.5 
48.6 
10.8 

1.0 

252,982,693 

55,613,795 

70,382,512 

5,671,446 

1,886,195 

65.4 
14.4 

IS.  2 
1.5 
0.5 

101,267,073 

3,271,499 

6,088,016 

12,206,844 

516,853 

82.1 
2.7 
4.9 
9.9 
0.4 

42,916,499 

1,199,651 

"1,930,771 

» 1,892,000 

>     129,143 

89  3 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries 

4.0 
3.9 
0  3 

1  Includes  S7,611,.W3  reported  as  income  from  "all  other  .sources  "  hv  tugboats  in  the  Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  ofMexico  division,  and  $238,991  similarly  reported  by  such 
boats  in  the  Paeiljc  coast  division.  Tliis  income.  altho\igh  shown  un()er  "all  olher  sources"  (thut  is,  for  towing)  w;is  found  to  have  been  for  Ughterage  or  harbor  work, 
and  is,  therefore,  so  shown  in  lliis  table.    It  is  not  included  as  ijicomo  from  lighterage  in  any  other  table  of  the  report. 

'  Reported  as  income  received  from  "all  other  sources." 

'  Includes  tll,149  reported  as  income  from  "all  other  sources." 

The  total  quantity  of  freight  handled  as  reported  in 
Table  45  includes  258,082,659  tons  transported  from 
one  port  to  another  and  123,350,315  tons  of  lighterage 
or  work  within  and  about  harbors.  Of  the  total, 
about  two-thirds  was  port  to  port  freight,  while 
of  the  total  income,  this  class  reported  almost  nine- 
tcnths.     In   aU  divisions  except   the  Atlantic  coast 


and  Gulf  of  Mexico  the  proportion  of  freight  trans- 
ported from  port  to  port  was  much  greater  than  that 
of  freight  handled  within  the  harbors.  The  prepon- 
derance of  harbor  freight  in  the  Atlantic  coast  division 
may  be  accounted  for  largely  by  the  enormous  barge 
traffic  at  the  port  of  New  York. 


UNITED  STATES. 


61 


The  figures  in  Table  45  also  show  that  the  propor- 
tions contributed  by  the  different  divisions  to  the 
total  quantity  of  freight  and  the  total  income  were  very 
different.  The  Atlantic  coast  contributed  47.6  per 
cent  of  the  total  quantity  of  freight  and  68.1  per  cent 
of  the  total  income  and  the  Pacific  coast  6.6  per  cent 
of  the  tot.al  quantity  of  freight  and  1.3.1  per  cent  of 
the  total  income.  On  the  other  hand,  the  propor- 
tions for  the  Great  Lakes  and  Mississippi  River  were 
reversed,  the  amount  of  freight  forming  a  much  larger 
proportion  of  the  total  than  the  income,  the  former 
division  contributing  34..5  per  cent  of  the  total  quan- 
tity of  freight  and  16.6  per  cent  of  the  total  income, 
and  the  latter  division  10.5  per  cent  of  the  freight 
handled  and  1.7  per  cent  of  the  income.  This  indi- 
cates that  the  average  haul  was  longer  and  the  work 
generally   more  costly   on    the  Atlantic  and   Pacific 


coasts  than  on  the  Great  Lakes  and  the  Mississippi 
River.  On  the  Great  Lakes  the  bulky  commodities, 
iron  ore  and  coal,  formed  more  than  eight-tenths  of 
the  total  quantity  of  freight  handled,  while  on  the 
Mississippi  River  coal  alone  formed  about  one-half 
of  the  total  freight  handled.  The  income  per  ton  for 
freight  handled  is  significant  of  the  distances  and 
classes  carried.  Based  upon  the  totals  in  Table  45, 
the  income  for  the  several  divisions  per  ton  of  freight, 
and,  as  a  matter  of  information,  for  lighterage  also  were 
as  follows: 


Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico 

Paciflp  coast  (including  Alaska) 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River 
Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries. . 
All  other  inland  waters 


Freight. 


S3. 13 
2.54 
O.o6 
0.20 
0.74 


Lighter- 
age. 


to.  42 
0.37 
0.32 
0.15 
0.25 


Diagram  7 — FREIGHT  TRANSPORTED  AND  LIGHTERAGE  OR  HARBOR  WORK.   BY  DIVISIONS:  1916. 
ATLANTJC   COAST  AND  GULF  OF  MEXICO 


80  100  120 

MILLIONS  OF  TONS 


180 


62 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  46  shows  the  quantities  of  the  principal  arti- 
cles of  freight  shipped,  by  commodities  and  divisions, 
1916. 

Based  upon  the  nimiber  of  tons  of  freight  moved, 
iron  ore  was  the  most  important  commodity  trans- 


ported on  the  waters  of  the  United  States  in  1916, 
constituting  28.5  per  cent  of  all  freight  in  that  year. 
Practically  the  whole  of  this  iron  ore  was  reported  by 
the  Great  Lakes  division,  less  than  2  per  cent  being 
reported  by  all  the  other  divisions  combined. 


Table  46.— FREIGHT  SHIPPED,  BY  COMMODITIES  AND  BY  DIVISIONS:  1916. 


COMMOTIITY. 


Total tons' . . 

Canned  goods tons. . 

C*ment,  Drick,  and  lime tons. . 

Coal tons . . 

Cotton .^ tons.. 

Flour .' tons . . 

Fniite  and  vegetables tons . . 

Grain tons . . 

Ice ■ tons . , 

Iron  ore tons . , 

I-"-^" &■ 

Naval  stores tons . . 

Petroleum  and  other  oils {bWs 

Phosphate  and  fertilizor tons, , 

Pig  iron  and  steel  rails tons. . 

stone,  sand,  etc tons.. 

Tobacco tons.. 

Miscellaneous  merchandise tons.. 


Total. 


'258,002,611 


951,790 

2,951,828 

68,548,575 

927, 039 

1,718,462 

2,343.508 

8,076,313 

1,032,966 

73, 457, 237 

11,606,735 

453,460 

18,619,925 

(109,  U7,  709) 

1,385,356 

1,326,986 

18,478,563 

227,403 

45,896,465 


Atlantic  coast 

and  C.iilf  nf 

Mexico. 


80,259,375 


535,372 

2,350,779 

23,248,105 

741,400 

232, 127 

1,613,585 

862,378 

941,648 

344,968 

.5,880,916 

(,i,988,0iS) 

416, 360 

10,358,849 

(68,970,191) 

1,27^,937 

718,734 

6,718,929 

140, 226 

23,875,061 


Pacific  coast 
(incUiding 
Alaska.) 


21,8.53,985 


326, 007 

208,358 

270, 649 

4,990 

298,629 

481,600 

646,042 

878 

10,228 

3,184,785 

(.1,996,760) 

16,264 

7,699,115 

(ie,666,07S) 

33, 680 

142,776 

1,638,685 

8,188 

6,983,111 


Great  Lakes 
and  St.  Law- 
rence River. 


125,384,042 


14, 951 
199,913 

30, 179, 847 

46 

1,08'!,  290 

117,906 

5, 969, 521 

6,895 

72,614,761 

1.629,7.56 

(1,091,898) 

6 

314,959 

(l,96t,160) 


184,188 

7,606,452 

3.  ,584 

5, 556, 967 


Mississippi 
River  and  its 
tributaries. 


27, 962, 583 


72, 850 

175,724 

13,916,013 

180, 6f3 

99,513 

119,297 

617,946 

14,302 

470,409 

744,873 

(SU,iOS) 

18,615 

245,930 

(1,663,878) 

68, 458 

2,55,615 

1,710,867 

76,393 

9,176,355 


All  other 
inland  waters. 


2,.M2,626 


2,640 

17,054 

933,961 

40 

2,903 

11,119 

80,426 

70.243 

16,871 

166,405 

Olt.199) 

2,315 

1,072 

(6  it 8) 

3,281 

25, 673 

903, 640 

12 

304, 971 


1  All  tons  of  2,000  pounds. 


'  Does  not  include  80,048  tons  of  freight  carried  on  fishing  vessels. 


Coal,  the  second  commodity  in  rank  by  tonnage 
moved,  formed  26.6  per  cent  of  the  total  for  all  com- 
modities carried  in  1916.  Coal  traffic  also  was  great- 
est on  the  Great  Lakes,  44  per  cent  of  the  total  being 
reported  for  that  division.  The  Atlantic  coast 
division  was  second  in  tonnage  of  coal  shipped,  with 
33.9  per  cent,  and  the  Mississippi  River  was  third, 
with  20.3  per  cent,  of  the  total.  Less  than  2  per  cent 
was  reported  by  the  two  remaining  divisions  com- 
bined. "Miscellaneous  merchandise"  embraced  a 
variety  of  articles,  and  was  third  in  nimiber  of  tons 
transported  in  1916,  more  than  half  of  which  was 
reported  from  the  Atlantic  coast  division. 

Building  materials — stone,  brick,  lime,  cement, 
etc. — formed  the  next  most  important  class  of  freight 
transported.  Large  quantities  of  these  materials 
were  shipped  by  water  in  all  the  different  divisions, 
the  movement  not  being  noticeably  localized. 

The  transportation  of  petrolemn,  crude  and  refined, 
and  other  oils  was  confined  almost  entirely  to  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  coasts,  these  two  divisions 
reporting,  respectively,  55.6  and  41.3  per  cent  of  all 
oil  shipped  in  1916. 

Freight  activities  of  leading  foris. — Table  47  shows 
the  shipments  and  receipts  of  freight  for  the  principal 
ports  in  the  United  States  in  1916. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  the  figures  in  Table  47 
show  the  activity  of  freight  movements  by  American 
vessels  and  is  exclusive  of  freight  carried  in  vessels  of 
foreign    ownership.     On    the    Atlantic    and    Pacific 


coasts,  where  a  large  part  of  the  freight  movement  is 
in  foreign  bottoms,  the  combined  totals  would  be 
much  greater,  and  those  for  the  Great  Lakes  ports 
somewhat  larger  than  the  figures  given  in  the  present 
table.  The  shipments  and  receipts,  therefore,  as 
shown  in  this  table,  are  somewhat  misleading,  par- 
ticularly for  some  of  the  cities  on  the  Atlantic  coast, 
which,  by  reason  of  their  large  population,  great 
manufactiu-ing  industries,  and  advantageous  positions, 
are  great  distributing  centers  for  ocean  freight.  For 
instance,  the  port  of  New  York,  with  its  millions  of 
inhabitants  and  its  recognized  position  as  the  greatest 
port  in  the  United  States,  shows  in  this  table  less  than 
one-half  the  total  freight  reported  for  Duluth  and 
Superior,  which  two  cities  combined  have  less  than 
200,000  population.  Duluth  and  Superior  are  situ- 
ated at  the  headwaters  of  Lake  Superior  in  close  con- 
tact with  the  iron  ore  ranges  of  that  section,  and  this 
commodity  formed  92.7  per  cent  of  their  total  ship- 
ments. The  shipments  from  these  two  ports  far  out- 
weighed the  receipts,  being  almost  four  times  as  great. 
Of  the  116  ports  in  the  table,  33  are  situated  on  the 
Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts,  46  on  the  Great  Lakes,  30  on 
the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries,  and  7  on  the 
Pacific  coast.  That  a  greater  nimiber  of  the  ports 
shown  in  the  table  belong  to  the  Great  Lakes  than  to 
any  other  district  is  due  largely  to  the  number  of  ports, 
little  and  big,  found  necessary  and  convenient  in  Michi- 
gan, Minnesota,  and  Wisconsin  for  the  receipt  of  iron  ore 
from  the  great  ranges  of  the  Lake  Superior  district. 


UNITED  STATES.  63 

Table  47.— TOTAL  SHIPMENTS  AND  RECEIPTS  FOR  THE  PRINCIPAL  PORTS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES:  1916. 


Albany,  N,  Y 

Alpena, Mich. ... 

Asnland,  Wis 

.\shtabula,Ohio. 
Baltimore,  Md... 


Bangor, Me 

Baton  Rouge,  La 

Beaufort,  N.C 

Boston,  Mass 

Bowling  Green,  Ky... 


Bridgeport,  Conn. 

Brunswick ,  Ga 

Buffalo,  N.  Y 

Burlington,  Iowa. 
Bumside,  Ky 


Cairo,  ni 

Calcite,Mich 

Charleston, S.  C... 
Charleston,  W.Va. 
Charlotte,  N.Y.... 


Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
Cheboygan ,  Mich . . . 

Chicago, 111 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Cleveland,  Ohio 


Clinton,  Iowa 

Conneaut,  Ohio. .. 
Davenport,  Iowa.. 

Decatur,  .\ia 

Detour,  Mich 


Detroit ,  Mich 

Duluth,  Minn., and  Superior,  Wis. 

Erie,  Pa 

Escanaba,  Mich 

E  vansville,  Ind 


Fairport,  Ohio... 
Fall  River,  Mass. 
Frankfort ,  Mich. . 
Galveston ,  Tex . . 
Gary,  Ind 


Gladstone,  Mich 

Grand  Haven,  Mich., 

Green  Bay,  Wis 

Greenville,  Miss 

Gulfport,  Miss 


Hancock  and  Houghton, Mich. 

Helena,  Ark 

Huron,  Ohio 

Indiana  Harbor,  Ind 

Jacksonville,  Fla 

Jersey  City ,  N.  J 

Kewaunee,  Wis 

Key  West,  Fla 

Lorain,  Ohio 


Los  Angeles,  Calif. . 

Louisville,  Kv 

Ludington ,  Mich . . , 
Madison,  Ind 


Total. 


444,102 

1,862,1X6 

10,03t],  144 

17,429, 4.'i6 

7,066,962 

387,660 

'2,086,7X6 

17,378 

10,986,591 

39,541 

1,300,372 

218,205 

19,473,895 

50,201 

25,301 

66,886 

3,199,960 

742,564 

74, 5X1 
1,012,200 

51,760 
32,424 

14,5X8,719 
1,411,149 

16,402,9X7 

37,127 

12,S63,S23 

99,667 

37,X51 

641,695 

1,740,385 

52, 787, 525 

3,927,580 

8,477,762 

251,549 

3,947,084 
1,027,328 
1,947,790 
2,175,181 
2,956,464 

76,511 
717,201 
623,287 

61,564 
273,747 

1,306,215 
'342,213 
2,440,934 
1,739,661 
1,495,240 

104,427 

331,607 

445,963 

8,384,656 

66,436 

369,614 

1,662,143 

135,382 


Shipments 

(tons  of  2.000 

pounds). 


181,059 
1,237,9*4 
9,256,271 
4,521,184 
3,297,205 

32, 128 

'1,024,820 

3,437 

1,049,954 

4,846 

117,720 
162,175 

3,589,778 

7,500 

12,653 

12,910 

3,194,144 

373, 898 

39,423 

1,012,200 

21,348 

7,106 

1,307,438 

158,410 

2,946,735 

1,325 

1,443,060 

5,022 

8,595 

245,099 

280,777 

42,082,083 

1,728,024 

7,992,317 

56,210 

514,058 

387,679 

846, 9S6 

1,276,995 


2,191 

276,377 
10,394 
11,233 

160,677 

105,147 

' 173,112 

1,004,165 

159,930 

839,356 

73,687 

180,073 

283, 746 

3,134,241 

5,530 

lOS, 927 
961,607 
52,838 


Receipts 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 


263,043 

624,242 

773, 873 

12,9081252 

3,769,757 

355,532 

'1,061,966 

13.941 

9,936,637 

34,695 

1,182,652 

56,030 

15,884,117 

42,701 

12,618 

53,976 

5,816 

36X,  666 

35,158 


30,412 

25,318 

13,281,281 

1,252,739 

13,456,252 

35,802 

11,120,763 

94,645 

29,256 

396,596 

1,459,608 
10,705,442 

2,199,556 
485,445 
195,339 

3,433,026 
639,649 

1,100,804 
898, 186 

2,956,464 

74, 320 
440,824 
612,893 

50,331 
113,070 

1,201,068 
' 169,101 
1,436,769 
1,579,731 
655,884 

30, 740 

151,534 

162,217 

5,250,415 

60,906 
260,687 
700,536 

82,544 


Total. 


Manistee,  Mich 

Manistique,  Mich 

Manitowoc,  Wis 

Marietta,  Ohio 

Marine  City,  Mich 

Marquette,  Mich 

Memphis ,  Tenn 

Menominee,  Mich 

Milwaukee ,  Wis 

Mobile,  Ala 

Molme,Ill 

Muscatine,  Iowa 

Muskegon,  Mich 

Nashville,  Tenn , 

Natchez,  Miss , 

New  Bedford, Mass 

New  Haven,  Conn , 

New  London,  Conn 

New  Orleans,  La 

New  York,  N.Y , 

Norfolk  and  Newport  News,  Va.. 

Ogdensbmg,  N.  Y\ , 

Oswego,  N.Y 

Paducan ,  Ky 

Parkersburg,  W.  Va 

Pekin,Ill , 

Pensacola .  Fla 

Philadelphia,  Pa , 

Pine  BlulT,  Ark 

Pittsburgh,  Pa 

Port  Arthur ,  Ter 

Port  Huron ,  Mich , 

Portland ,  Oreg 

Portland,  Me 

Portsmouth,  N.H 

Providence.  R.I 

Racine,  Wis 

Rockland ,  Me 

Sacramento,  Calif 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

Sanduskv,  Ohio 

San  Fraricisco,  Calif 

Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Mich 

Savannah ,  G  a 

Seattle,  Wash 

Sheboygan,  Wis 

Stockton ,  Calif 

Tacoma .  Wash 

Tampa  and  Port  Tampa  City,  Fla 
Toledo,  Ohio 

Tonawanda  Harbor,  N.  Y 

Two  Harbors,  Minn 

\'icksbm"g,  Miss 

Washburn,  Wis 

Washington,  D.C 

Wheeling.  W.  Va 

Wilmington,  Del 

Wilmington,  N.  C _. 


82,297 

593,067 

1,809,263 

29,491 
100,482 

4,712,482 
287,047 
425,242 

7,929,084 
596,286 

58,363 

36,0.54 

87,291 

56,251 

'77,657 

960,917 

2,153,644 

1,031,686 

'  5, 773, 555 

23,092,675 

17,132,777 

360,422 

648,858 

1754,552 

60,848 

42,423 

178,118 

7,702,257 

25,655 
6,727,289 

2,639,017 

212, 130 

1,399,426 

1,749,469 

245,093 

4,398,953 
130,516 
280,032 
191,939 
154,813 

2,951,843 
6,519,660 
1,413,046 
1,048,719 
2, 836, 736 

654,832 
422,668 
872,190 
799, 137 
9,157,292 

399,059 

12,189,260 

'778,148 

211,779 

1,048,583 
28,296 
304,011 
162,166 


Shipments 

(tons  of  2.000 

pounds). 


51,923 

356,517 

788,892 

16,043 

52,526 

4,341,874 
80,419 

181,523 
1,203,257 

349,632 

301 

3,119 

25,151 

16,981 

> 32,282 

205,302 

451,408 

250,016 

1  2, 635, 596 

9,641,927 

13,886,853 

10, 5M 

582,896 

«  325, 613 

36, 2M 

300 

99,012 

4,228,486 

2,975 

238,396 

1,882,277 

36,234 

507,254 

220,579 

20,777 

462,239 

28,263 
86,693 
31,020 
44,104 


11,892,074 

'214.769 

30,952 

61,898 
9,354 
60,992 
74,812 


Receipts 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 


30,374 

236,550 

1,020,371 

13,448 

47,936 

370,608 
206,628 
243,719 
6, 725, 827 
246,654 

58,062 
32,935 
62,140 
39,270 
•45,375 

755,615 
1,702,236 

7X1,670 
'3,137,9.59 
13,450,748 

3,245,924 

349,828 

65,962 

«  428, 909 
24,624 

42,123 
79,106 

3,473,771 
22,680 

6,488,893 

756,740 
175,896 
892,172 
1,528,890 
224,316 

3,936,714 
102,253 
193,339 
160,919 
110,709 


2,599,216 

2,302,021 

30,381 

584,914 

1,184,343 

352,627 
4,217,639 
1,382,665 

463,805 
1,652,393 

11,927 

119, 9M 

341,701 

358,785 

6,812,923 

642,905 
302,704 
530,489 
440,352 
2,344,369 

399,059 

297,188 

•  563,379 

180,827 

986,685 
18,942 

24:i,019 
87,354 


'  Includes  railway  car  freight. 


Thoso  ports  situated  on  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts 
have  an  aggregate  estimated  population  of  over 
1 1 ,000,000  with  shipments  and  receipts  totaling  nearly 
98,000,000  net  tons.  The  ports  shown  for  the  Great 
Lakes  have  about  one-half  the  population  of  the 
Atlantic  and  Gulf  coast  ports,  yet  report  over  twice 
the  amount  of  freight. 

Of  the  10  ports  leading  in  total  shipments  and 
receipts  by  American  vessels,  the  combined  port  of 
Duluth-Superior  is  first  by  a  very  wide  margin,  and 
New  York  second,  the  others  following  in  the  order 
named:  Buffalo,  Ashtabula,  Norfolk-Newport  News, 
Cleveland,  Chicago,  Conneaut,  Two  Harbors,  and 
Boston.  All  but  3  of  these  10  ports  belong  to  the 
Great  Lakes  division. 


Harbor  work  or  lighterage  is  not  included  in  Tables 
46  and  47,  but  is  presented,  by  geographic  divisions, 
m  Table  48  for  1916  and  1906. 

Table  48. — Number  op  Tons  Carried  by  Vessels  Es'gaoed  in 

LiQHTERAGB  OR  HaRBOR  WoRK,  BY  DIVISIONS:   1916  AND  1906. 

TONS  (2,000  POtJNDS). 


Total 123,350.315  |' 88.026,018 


1916 


Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico 

Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska) 

Great  Lakes  and  St.  Laivrence  River. 
Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries.. 
All  other  inland  waters 


101,267,073 

3, 271, -199 

6,088,0)6 

12,206,844 

516,853 


75,151,085 
4,321,523 

(») 
8,325,548 

227,890 


'  Exclusive  of  harbor  freight  on  the  Great  Lakes.      ■  Figures  not  available. 


64 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


In  both  1906  and  1916  the  Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf 
of  Mexico  division  reported  the  greatest  harbor  ton- 
nage moved,  amounting  to  82.1  per  cent  of  the  total 
for  the  United  States  in  1916.  This  harbor  work 
represented  largely  operations  in  New  York  Harbor. 
The  absolute  increase  was  greatest  for  this  division, 
but  in  relative  gain  the  division  of  "All  other  inland 
waters  "  was  ahead,  with  126.8  per  cent.  The  increase 
in  lighterage  in  the  division  of  the  Mississippi  River 
and  its  tributaries  is  notable,  3,881,296  tons,  or  46.6 
per  cent.  The  harbor  work  of  the  Pacific  coast 
(including  Alaska)  decreased  24.3  per  cent. 

Tlie  value  of  the  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States 
is  shown  in  Table  49,  covering  the  censiis  years  1916, 
1906,  and  1889,  and  each  intervening  year. 

Table  49. — Value   of  the   Foreion   Trade   of  the   United 
States  in  American  and  Foreign  Vessels:  1889  to  1916.' 


TEAR  ENTONG 
JUNE  30— 


1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 

1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 

1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 

1904 
190S 
1906 
1907 
1908 

1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 

1913 
1914 
191o 
1916 


Total. 


SI,  420,868,649 
l,.57;i,567,83n 
1,656,540,812 
1,784,733,386 
1,626,082,075 

1,468,290,672 
1,456,403,388 
1,. 565. 665.  408 
1,714,829,043 
1,743,820,496 

1,806,876,063 
2,089,528,616 
2,151,933,411 
2,104,849,.-i01 
2,240,801,420 

2,230,938.633 
2,393,809.408 
2, 690, 014,  .559 
3,002,627,317 
2,793,253,186 

2,721,351,031 
2.982,799,622 
3,210,642,970 
3,431,470,423 

3,773,060,925 
3,785,468,512 
3,992,625,475 
5,826,041,211 


In  American 
vessels. 


$203,805,108 
2O2,451,0K6 
206,4.59,725 
220,173,735 
197,765,507 

193,268,216 
170,507,196 
187,691,887 
189,075,277 
161,328,017 

160,612,206 
195,0.84,192 
177,398,615 
183,819,987 
214,695,032 

229,735,119 
290,607,946 
322,347.205 
318,331.026 
272,513,322 

2.58,6.57,217 
260,817,147 
280,206,464 
322,451,565 

381,032,496 
368, 359, 7.56 
571,931,912 
948,908,216 


In  foreign  vessels 


$1,217,063,541 
1,371,116,744 
1,450,081,087 
1,564,5.59,651 
1,428,316,568 

1,273,022,456 
1,285,896,192 
1,377,973,521 
1,. 525, 753, 766 
1,582,492,479 

1.646,263,8.57 
1,894,444,424 
1,974,536,796 
1,919,029,314 
2,026,106,388 

2, 001, 20'!,  514 
2,103,201,462 
2,367,667..354 
2,684,296.291 
2,520,739,864 

2,462,69.1,814 
2,721,9r.2,!75 
2,930,4:i6,5()6 
3,109,018,838 

3,392,028,429 

3,417.108,7,56 
3, 420, 693.. 563 
4,877,132,995 


Per  cent 
in  Ameri- 
can ves- 
sels. 


14.3 
12.9 
12.5 
12.3 
12.2 

13.3 
11.7 
12.0 
11.0 
9.3 


9.3 
8.2 
8.8 


10.3 
12.1 
12.0 
10.6 
9.8 

9.5 

8.7 
8.7 
9.4 

10.1 
9.7 
14.3 
16.3 


'  From  the  report  of  tlie  Commissioner  of  Navigation,  Department  of  Commerce, 
1916,  pp.  180  and  181. 

The  values  in  this  table  are  divided  between  that  of 
freight  carried  in  American  and  that  in  foreign  ves- 
sels. It  is  interesting  to  notice  the  gain  in  the  propor- 
tion which  the  value  of  foreign  trade  carried  in 
American  vessels  constituted  of  the  total.  During  the 
10  years  following  the  census  of  1906,  this  proportion 
increased  from  12  per  cent  at  that  census  to  16.3  in 
1916.  The  actual  increase  in  value  was  $626,561,011, 
or  194.4  per  cent,  compared  with  a  growth  of  $2,509,- 


465,641,  or  106  per  cent,  in  the  value  of  freight  carried 
in  foreign  vessels. 

Table  50  shows  the  tonnage  of  .^Vmerican  sail  and 
steam  vessels,  exclusive  of  fishing  vessels,  in  the  for- 
eign and  in  the  coastmse  trade  for  a  series  of  years 
beginning  with  the  census  year  1889. 

Table  50. — Tonnaoe  of  the  Sail  and  Steaji  Vessels  op  the 
Merchant  Marine  op  the  United  States  Employed  in  the 
Foreign  and  Ooa.«twise  Trade,  Not  Including  Fishing  Ves- 
sels: 1889  to  1916.' 


YEAR  ENDING  JUNE  30— 


1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 

1894 
1893 
1896 
1897 
1898 

1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 

1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 

1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 

1913 
1914, 
1915 
1916 


Total  (tons). 


4,211,035 

4,. 3.37, 497 
4,598,595 
4.678,397 
4, 737, 892 

4,59.^,974 
4.551,061 
1)620, 129 
4,689,696 
4,685,915 

4,802,542 
5,103,311 
5,462,240 
5.731,919 
6,020,;i01 

6,223,792 
6,385,4.38 
6,602,510 
6,872.067 
7,302,275 

7,329,563 
7,451,4.83 
7,583,808 
7,660,271 

7,836,145 
7,884,651 
8,349,098 
8,429,558 


Foreign 
(tons). 


999,619 

928,062 
988.719 
977,624 
883, 199 

899,698 
822,347 
829,833 
792,870 
726,213 

837,229 
816,795 
879,595 
873, 2.35 
879,264 

888,628 
943, 7.iO 
928, 466 
861,466 
930,413 

878,523 
782,517 
863,465 
923,225 

1,019.165 

1,066,288 
1,862,714 
2, 185,008 


Coastwise 
(tons). 


3,211,416 
3,409,435 
3, 609, 876 
3.71X1,773 
3,854,693 

3.696,276 
3  728,714 
3,790,296 
3,81i6,826 
3,959,702 

3,965,313 
4,286,516 
4,582,643 
4,858,714 
5,141,037 

5,335,164 

6,441,088 
5,674,014 
6.010,601 
6,371,862 

6,451,042 
6,668,966 
6,720.313 
6,737,046 

6,816,980 
6,818,363 
6,486,384 
6,244,550 


I  From  the  report  of  tho  Commissioner  of  Navigation,  Department  of  Commerce, 
1916,  p.  226. 

These  figures  show  the  documented  tonnage  engaged 
in  foreign  trade,  compared  with  that  in  the  coastwise 
trade.  Comparison  with  total  census  tonnage  can  not 
be  made  because  the  reports  of  the  Commissioner  of 
Navigation  do  not  include  "yachts;  boats  and  lighters 
decked  and  not  masted,  employed  within  the  harbor 
of  any  town  or  city;  canal  boats  and  barges  without 
sails  or  internal  motive  power  of  their  own,  employed 
wholly  upon  canals  or  the  internal  waters  of  a  state; 
barges  and  boats  plying  on  rivers  and  lakes  of  the 
United  States,  and  not  engaged  in  trade  with  con- 
tiguous foreign  territory,  and  not  carrying  passen- 
gers." '  Not  including  fishing  vessels  and  vessels 
operating  wholly  or  principally  in  Porto  Rican  and 
Hawaiian  waters,  but  including  yachts  and  many 
boats  in  the  classes  just  named,  the  gross  tonnage 
reported  at  the  census  of  1916  was  12,249,990. 

'  Report  of  Commissioner  of  Navigation,  1916,  note  preceding 
statistical  tables,  p.  191. 


UNITED  STATES. 


65 


PASSEXGERS. 


Table  51  shows  the  number  of  passengers  carried, 
by  divisions,  with  per  cent  of  increase,  1916  and  1906. 

Table  51. — Number  op  Pa.9senger.s,  by  Dn'isioNs,  with  Per 
Cent  of  Increase:  1916  and  1906. 


NUHBEE  OF  PASSENGERS. 

Total. 

Ferry. 

All  other. 

Total: 

1916 

331,590.565 

386, 825, 663 

-9.6 

237,345,627 

292, 565, 416 

-18.9 

55,408,843 

44,189,971 

25.4 

19,231,681 

14,080,146 

36.6 

17,599,378 

14,122,241 

24.8 

2,005,036 

1,877,889 
6.8 

292,177,374 

330,737,639 

-11.7 

218,045,127 
272,596,670 

-2a  0 

48,280,569 

39,532,354 

22.1 

13,290,770 

8,264,482 

60.3 

12,390,740 

10,022,612 

23.6 

170, 168 

321,521 

-47.1 

39, 413, 191 

1906 

36, 088, 024 

9.2 

Atlantiocoast  and  Gullol  Mexico: 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase  i 

19,300,500 

19,958,746 

-3.3 

Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska): 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase 

Qieat  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River: 

1916 

1906 

Percent  of  increase 

Mississippi  R  iver  and  its  tributaries: 

1916 

1906 ; 

7, 128. 274 

4,657,617 

53.0 

5,940,911 

5,815,664 

2.2 

5,208,638 

4,099,629 

27.1 

All  other  inland  waters: 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase  * 

1,834,868 

1,556,368 

17.9 

>  A  mintu  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 

Although  the  bulk  of  the  earnings  of  freight  and 
passenger  vessels  is  from  freight,  a  considerable  pro- 
portion is  derived  from  passenger  service.  In  1916 
the  income  from  passengers,  as  shown  in  Table  43, 
amoimted  to  $52,958,670,  or  9.4  per  cent  of  the  gross 
eamiugs  of  all  craft,  as  compared  with  $4.3,645,365,  or 
14.8  per  cent,  in  1906.  Tlie  increase  during  the  decade 
was  $9,313,305,  or  21.3  per  cent. 

Notwithstanding  this  increase  in  income,  there  was 
a  decrease  between  1906  and  1916  of  35,235,098,  or  9.6 
per  cent,  in  the  total  number  of  passengers  carried, 
due,  as  explained  in  the  discussion  of  passengers  \mder 
Table  1,  to  the  construction  anduseof  interurban  bridges 
and  tunnels,  chiefly  at  New  York.  The  loss  was 
wholly  m  ferry  passengers,  since  the  number  of  pas- 
sengers carried  by  boats,  other  than  those  devoted  to 
ferriage,  shows  an  increase  of  3,325,167,  or  9.2  per 
cent.  The  proportion  which  this  class  of  passengers 
formed  of  the  total  also  increased  from  9.8  per  cent  in 
1906  to  11.9  per  cent  m  1916.  The  greater  part  of  tliis 
increase  was  reported  from  the  Pacific  coast  division. 

Although  "AU  other  mland  waters  "  shows  the  largest 
percentage  of  decrease  in  number  of  ferry  passen- 
gers, it  was  insignificant  in  actual  |loss  as  compared 
with  that  for  the  Atlantic  coast,  151,353,  as  compared 
with  54,551,543  for  the  latter  division. 

As  shown  in  Table  69,  practically  all  the  passengers 
reported  were  carried  on  steam  passenger  and  ferry 
boats,  only  a  small  proportion,  less  than  1  per  cent, 
being  reported  by  vessels  not  engaged  regularly  in  the 
passenger  and  freight  business,  such  as  tugboats,  sail- 
ing vessels,  unrigged  craft,  etc.     The  number  carried 

116515°— 20— 5 


by  these  vessels  altogether  was  1,335,537,  of  which 
only  867  were  reported  as  carried  on  sailing  vessels. 

The  decline  in  total  number  of  passengers  carried 
during  the  decade  is  shown  not  only  in  the  reports  of 
the  census  but  also  in  those  of  the  United  States  Steam- 
boat-Inspection Service.  Table  52,  prepared  from  that 
source,  shows  not  only  the  totals  for  the  United 
States  but  also  for  a  number  of  the  more  important 
inspection  districts  for  1916  and  1906. 

Table  62. — Passengers  Reported  for  the  Princip.vl  Dis- 
tricts OP  THE  United  States  Steamboat-Inspection  Service: 
1916  AND  1906.' 


LOCAL  INSPECTION  DISTRICT. 


Total 

New  York,  N.  Y 

San  Francisco,  Calif . . . 

Philadelphia,  Fa , 

Boston,  Mass , 

Detroit,  Mich 

Norfolk,  Va 

New  Orleans.  La , 

Albany,  N.  Y 

Baltimore,  Md 

Seattle,  Wash. 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

Providence,  R.I 

Portland,  Me 

Portland,  Oreg 

Chicago,  HI , 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Toledo,  Ohio , 

New  London,  Conn 

Point  Pleasant,  W.  Va, 

Dubuque,  lewa. , 

Duluth,  Minn , 

All  other  districts 


NUMBER   OF  PASSENGERS. 


317,066,553 


190C 


148,162,223 
48,220,571 
38,635,337 
21,148,103 
10,889,528 

5,307,189 
5,985,276 
3,233,266 
2,619,786 
4,679,812 

1,063,649 
1,943,017 
1,945,453 
2,606,150 

639,495 

1,9S1,2T9 

1,013,554 

961,977 

821,842 
865, 307 
290.405  , 
13,978,336 


1»I6     19M 


213,575,838 

1 

1 

35, 482, 941 

2 

2 

32.228,294 

3 

3 

17,665,329 

4 

4 

7,403,154 

5 

5 

6,964,799 

7 

6 

4,080,718 

6 

7 

3,^0,186 

9 

8 

3,702,873 

10 

9 

3,170,452 

8 

10 

2,900,233 

15 

11 

2,785,293 

14 

12 

2,372,900 

13 

13 

2,318,850 

11 

14 

1,818,194 

20 

IS 

1,649,038 

12 

16 

1,565,056 

16 

17 

1,335,745 

17 

IS 

1,297,152 

19 

19 

1,053,115 

18 

20 

1,051,074 

21 

21 

10,583,257 

1  Annual  report  of  the  Steamboat  Inspector  General,  1916,  p.  22. 

For  comparative  purposes  this  table  shows  the 
same  districts  in  1916  as  in  1906,  the  districts  shown 
for  that  year  being  those  which  reported  1,000,000 
passengers  or  more.  In  1916  three  additional  dis- 
tricts— Los  Angeles,  with  2,371,837  passengers;  Buf- 
falo,with  1,991,842:  and  Jacksonville,  with  1,309, 192 — 
were  added  to  the  list  of  districts  reporting  as  many 
as  1,000,000  passengers. 

Tlie  total  number  of  passengers  reported  by  the 
Steamboat  Inspector  General  as  carried  in  1916  was 
less  by  40,727,938,  or  11.4  per  cent,  than  the  number 
reported  for  1906.  More  than  half  of  the  districts 
shown  in  Table  52  contributed  to  this  decrease,  the 
New  York  district  being  the  principal  locality  of 
diminution,  as  sho%\Ta  also  by  census  figures. 

The  census  total  of  the  number  of  passengers  car- 
ried is  considerably  larger  than  that  reported  by  the 
Steamboat^Inspection  Service.  This  discrepancy  of 
14,524,012  between  the  two  totals  may  be  accounted 
for  in  part  by  the  fact  that  different  methods  were 
followed  in  collecting  the  statistics,  and  that  the 
figures  for  many  vessels  were  necessarily  estimates. 
The  census  also  included  smaller  craft  than  those 
covered  b}-  the  Inspection  Service. 


66 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


IDLE    VESSELS. 

As  in  the  case  of  active  craft,  idle  vessels  are  exclu- 
sive of  those  owned  by  the  Federal  Government  and, 
except  in  Table  54,  are  exclusive  also  of  those  engaged 
in  the  fisheries.  In  view  of  what  may  appear  to  be  a 
large  tonnage  shown  for  idle  craft  at  a  time  when 
tonnage  was  in  such  demand,  it  should  be  explained 
that  the  totals  for  such  craft  were  as  reported  by  the 
owaiers.  They  include  many  vessels  permanently 
withdrawn  from  active  service,  sm  table  only  for  sale  as 
junk,  vessels  undergoing  repairs,  and  new  vessels  deUv- 
ered  in  1916,  but  not  placed  in  commission  that  year. 

Table  53  shows  the  number  and  gross  tonnage  of  idle 
vessels  for  1916  and  1906. 


Table  53. 


-Number  and  Tonnage  of  Active  and  Idle  Ves- 
sels, BY  Class:  1916  and  1906. 


Total. 

Active. 

Idle. 

Total: 

Number— 
1916.... 

'.0,575 
39,083 

12.613,240 
13,072,755 

37.804 
37,321 

12.249.990 
12.893.429 

2  681 

1906 

1,762 

Gross  tonnage— 

1916 

363.250 

1906 

179.326 

Steam:' 

Number— 

1916 

16,265 
10,757 

6,316,054 
4,159,418 

3,309 
7,696 

1,201,746 
1,724,291 

21.001 
20,630 

5.095,440 
7,189,046 

14,  .581 
9,927 

6.097.562 
4.059,521 

3,002 
7,131 

1,171,174 
1,704,277 

0,311 

20,263 

4,981.254 
7,129,631 

1,684 

1906 

830 

Gross  tonnage— 

1916 

218, 492 

1906 

99,897 

SaU: 

Number— 
1916 

307 

1906 

565 

Gross  tonnage— 
1916 

30  572 

1906 

20,014 
690 

Unrigged: 
Number — 

1916 

1906                                  .      ... 

367 

Gross  tonnage— 
1916 

114  186 

1906 

59,415 

'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

During  the  decade  covered  by  Table  53  there  was 
an  increase  of  919,  or  52.2  per  cent,  in  the  niunber  of 
idle  vessels  and  183,924,  or  102.6  per  cent,  in  their 
tonnage.  The  largest  tonnage  of  idle  craft  at  both 
censuses  was  for  steam  vessels,  and  the  largest  gain 
during  the  decade  in  such  tonnage  was  also  in  this 
class.  Idle  sailing  vessels  decreased  in  niunber  but 
increased  in  tonnage,  while  the  unrigged  increased  in 
both  factors  from  1906  to  1916. 

The  great  majority  of  the  idle  craft  in  1916  were  of 
less  than  100  gross  tons,  the  percentage  being  80.6. 


The  idle  tonnage,  however,  was  preponderatingly 
with  the  vessels  of  over  100  gross  tons,  84.7  per  cent 
being  so  reported.  Vessels  classified  as  freight  and 
passenger  reported  the  greatest  number  and  tonnage  of 
idle  craft,  although  a  large  part  consisted  of  unrigged 
craft,  barges,  scows,  lighters,  etc.  Ferryboats  and 
craf  tof  misceDaneous  occupation,  launches,  pilot  boats, 
etc.,  were  least  in  number  and  tonnage  of  idle  vessels. 


Table  54. 


-Number  and  Gross  Tonnage  of  Idle  Vessels, 
BY  Occupation:  1916. 


TOTAL. 

OVER  100 
TONS. 

inn>EK  100 
TONS. 

OCCUPATION. 

Num- 
ber. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
ber. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
ber. 

Gross 

ton- 
nage. 

Total 

3,321 

377.003 

644 

319. 478 

2,677 

57,525 

Freight  and  passenger 

931 
319 

25 
640 
621 

95 
690 

200.  .W 
14,117 
9,147 
13,753 
20,622 
4,611 
114,186 

20O 
24 
10 
25 
29 
9 

347 

185.046 
5.651 
8,649 
5,610 
8.371 
2,907 

103,244 

731 
295 

15 
615 
692 

86 
343 

15,521 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels . . 
Ferryboats 

8,466 
498 

8,143 

12,251 

MisceMnnpnns  . 

1,704 

10,942 

In  Table  55  idle  vessels  are  shown,  by  divisions 
and  tonnage  groups,  for  1916,  exclusive  of  idle  fishing 
craft. 

The  significance  and  importance  of  large  and  small 
idle  tonnage  are  apparent  from  a  study  of  the  figures 
in  this  table.  For  instance,  the  two  small  tonnage 
groups,  "5  to  49  tons"  and  "50  to  99  tons,"  contained 
2,060  vessels,  or  76.8  per  cent  of  the  total  for  all  idle 
craft,  but  represented  only  49,236  tons,  or  13.6  per 
cent  of  the  total.  On  the  other  hand,  the  larger  craft, 
represented  in  the  two  groups,  "500  to  999  tons"  and 
"1,000  to  2,499  tons,"  while  reportmg  138  vessels,  or 
only  5.1  per  cent  of  the  total  number,  represented 
133,728  tons,  or  36.8  per  cent  of  the  tonnage.  By 
kinds  of  craft,  those  classed  as  steam  led  in  the  total 
for  the  United  States,  and  in  all  groups  but  the  four 
consecutive  ones  ranging  from  100  to  499  tons,  in 
which  groups  unrigged  took  precedence.  Idle  im- 
rigged  reached  a  high  total  in  the  group  "500  to  999 
tons,"  but  showed  nothing  in  the  two  largest  groups  of 
over  2,499  tons.  In  the  largest  tonnage  group  idle 
steam  was  the  only  class  shown.  In  the  largest  group 
in  which  sailing  vessels  are  shown,  "2,500  to  4,999 
tons,"  three  vessels  are  reported,  totaling  8,309  tons, 
for  the  Pacific  coast  and  the  Great  Lakes  divisions. 


UNITED  STATES. 

Table  55.— IDLE  VESSELS,  GROUPED  ACCORDING  TO  GROSS  TONNAGE,  BY  DIVISIONS:  1916. 


67 


DIVTSION  ANTJ  CLASS. 


United  States.. 
Steam  i . . . 

Sail 

Unrigged.. 


Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico . 

Steam 

Sail 

Unrigged 


Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska).. 

Steam 

Sail.. 


Unrigged. 


Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River.. 

Steam 

Sail 

Unrigged 


Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries.. 

Stream 

Unrigged 


Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York  state . 

Steam. 

Sail 

Unrigged 


Ail  other  inland  waters. 

Steam 

Sail 

Umigged. 


Nura- 

l»cr  of 
vessels. 


2.681 

l,6.«i 

307 

690 


1,516 
993 
270 
2o3 

452 

277 

13 

162 

2S8 
175 
23 
90 

291 
161 
130 

49 

27 

1 

21 

S5 
51 


Gross 
tonnage. 


363,2.50 
218, 492 
30, 572 
114, 188 


176,743 

115,545 

13,890 

47,308 

81,430 

61,916 

5,328 

14,186 

61,738 
28,612 
11,344 
21,782 

33,510 
9,741 
23,769 

4,553 

1,496 

10 

3,047 

5,276 
1,182 


5  TO  49  TONS. 


Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 


1,790 

1,297 

237 

256 


1,096 
806 
224 
66 


300 

177 

5 

118 

158 

130 

7 

21 

163 
121 
42 

20 
16 
1 
3 

53 
47 


Gross 
tonnage. 


30,245 
21,399 
3,685 
5,161 


17,958 
13,319 
3,342 
1,297 

5,169 

2,672 

167 

2,330 

3,033 

2,352 

166 

515 

2,563 

1,797 
766 

529 

419 

10 

100 


840 
'153 


30  TO  99  TONS. 


Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 


270 
149 
35 


137 
80 
26 
31 

35 
20 
4 
11 

37 
18 
5 
14 

46 
23 
23 

5 
5 


Gross 
tonnage. 


18,991 
10,733 
2,477 
5,781 


9,864 
5,891 
1,807 
2,166 

2,524 

1,510 

285 

729 

2,519 

1,191 

385 

943 

3,100 
1,618 
1,482 

327 
327 


657 

1% 


100  TO  199  TONS. 


Num- 
Ijer  of 
vessels. 


13 
132 


120 
44 
10 


Gross 
tonnage. 


32,735 
13,111 
1,814 
17,810 


16,806 
6,489 
1,393 
8,924 

.5,212 
3,651 


1,561 

3,223 

1,325 

421 

1,477 

2,746 
750 

1,996 

2,022 
750 


2,726 
146 


200  TO  299  TONS. 


Num- 
t>er  of 
vessels. 


Gross 
tonnage. 


29,582 

6,367 

723 

22,492 


33 


7,999 

2,180 

723 

5,096 

3,679 
1,958 


1,721 


5,922 
1,265 


4,657 

9,407 

964 

8,443 

1,675 


1,675 
900 


34 


4,094 


DmSION  AND  CLASS. 


300  TO  399  TONS. 


Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 


Gross 
tonnage. 


400  TO  499  TONS. 


500  TO  999  TONS. 


Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 


Gross 
tonnage. 


Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 


Gross 
tonnage. 


1,000  TO  2,499 

TONS, 


Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 


Gross 
tonnage. 


2,500  TO  4,999 

TO.SS. 


Num- 
l>er  of 
ves- 
sels. 


Gross 
tonnage 


5,000  TONS  AND 
OVEE. 


Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 


Gross 
tonnage. 


United  States. 
Steam  i . . . 

Sail 

Unrigged.. 


Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Steam 

Sail 

Unrigged 


Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska) . 
Steam 

Sail. 


Unrigged.. 


Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River. . 
Steam 

SaU. 


Unrigged.. 


Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries. 

Steam 

Unrigged. 


Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York  stale . 


Steam. . 

BaU 

Unrigged.. 


21,403 

5,985 

712 

14,706 


22,878 
7,595 
1,390 

13,893 


100 

48 

8 

44 


66,609 
33,437 
5,827 
27,345 


67,119 
54.486 
6,635 
6,998 


39,884 

31,575 

8,309 


33,804 
33,804 


13, 872 

3,557 

323 

9,992 

3,5'H) 
1,730 


1,860 
2,626 


389 
2,237 


1,315 

698 
617 


11,995 

2,790 

972 

8,233 

6,110 

3,924 

418 

1,768 

4,773 
881 


18,930 
8,306 
1,424 
9,200 

25,587 
19,917 
1,453 
4,217 

7,713 
1,300 
2,950 
3,463 

14,379 
3,914 
10,465 


34,658 
28,352 
3,906 
2,400 

5,836 
5,836 


31,575 
31, 575 


13,  ( 
13,  ( 


3,005 
'3,665 


1         20,718 
1  !      20,718 


26,625 

20,298 

1,729 

4,598 


5,304 


5,301 


AH  other  inland  waters.. 

Steam 

SaU 

Unrigged 


T 


'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


Considering  the  total  idle  tonnage,  by  divisions, 
steam  vessels  led  in  the  Atlantic  coast,  the  Pacific  coast, 
and  the  Great  Lakes  divisions.  In  the  division  of  the 
Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries,  in  "Canals  and 
other  inland  waters  of  New  York  state,"  and  in  "All 
other  inland  waters  "  the  unrigged  tonnage  prevailed. 
The  idle  steam  tonnage  predominated  in  most  of  the 
groups,  but  there  were  important  exceptions.  The  un- 
rigged led  in  five  groups  of  the  Atlantic  coast  and  in  one 


of  the  Pacific  coast.  In  five  groups  of  the  Great  Lakes 
and  St.  La^v^ence  River  division  the  unrigged  tonnage 
was  greatest.  In  the  division  of  the  Mississippi  River 
and  its  tributaries  unrigged  tonnage  excelled  in  all  but 
three  groups. 

Table  56  shows  the  number  and  gross  tonnage  of 
eiu'olled  and  licensed  vessels  and  of  registered  vessels, 
by  steam  and  sail,  from  1S89  to  1916,  inclusive. 


68 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  56  —NUMBER  AND  GROSS  TONNAGE  OF  REGISTERED,  ENROLLED,  AND  LICENSED  SAIL  AND  STEAM 
VESSELS  CONSTITUTING  THE  TOTAL  MERCHANT  MARINE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  INCLUDING  FISHING 
VESSELS:  1889  TO  1916.' 


TOTAL  MERCHANT 

MARINE. 

ENBOLLED  AND  UCENSED 

VESSELS. 

YEAB. 

Total. 

Annual 
in(Tease 
in  ton- 
nage (per 
cent).- 

Stcam.3 

Sail.' 

Total. 

Annual 

innbiiso 

Number  of 
vessels. 

fJross 
touU:i(;e. 

Number  of 
vessels. 

Gross 
toniiiige. 

Number  of 
vessels. 

Cross 
tonnage. 

Numlwr  of 
vessels. 

Cross 
tonnage. 

in  ton- 
nage diet 
cent).' 

1915                                  

20, 444 
26,701 
26,943 
27.070 
26,528 

25,991 
25,740 
25,688 
25,425 
24,911 

25,006 
24,681 
24,55.8 
24,425 
24,273 

24,057 
23,333 
22,728 
22,705 
22,633 

22,908 
23,240 
23,586 
ai,512 

24,383 
23,899 
23,467 
23,623 

8,4e9,M9 
8,389,429 
7,928,688 
7,886,518 
7,714,183 

7,638,790 
7,508,082 
7,388,755 
7,. 365, 445 
0,938,794 

6,674,969 
6,456,6)3 
6,291,535 
6,087,345 
5,797,902 

5,524,218 
5,164,839 
4,804,2.38 
4,749,7.38 
4,769,020 

4,703,880 
4,636,9tX) 
4,684,029 
4,825,071 

4,764,921 
4,084,759 
4,424,497 
4,307,475 

1.0 
6.8 
0.5 
2.2 
1.0 

1.7 
1.6 
0.3 
6.1 
4.0 

3.4 
2.6 
3.4 
6.0 
6.0 

7.0 
6.2 
2.4 
-0.4 
1.4 

1.5 
-1.0 
-2.9 

1.3 

1.7 
5.9 
2.7 
2.8 

16,061 
15,948 
15,491 
15,082 
14,951 

13,307 
12,452 
11,641 
10,926 
10,050 

9,500 
8,897 
8,463 
8,054 
7,727 

7,414 
7,053 
6,837 
6,712 
6,699 

6,595 
6,554 
6,526 
6,561 

6,392 
6,216 
5,965 
5,924 

6,070,063 
6,943,810 
5,427,626 
5,333,247 
5,179,858 

5,074,069 
4,900,361 
4,749,224 
4,711,174 
4,279,368 

3,975,287 
3,741,494 
3,596,418 

3,4as,o.ss 

3,176,874 

2,990,953 
2,(a7,797 
2,476,011 
2,371,92:) 
2,358,658 

2,307,208 
2,212,801 
2,189,4.30 
2, 183, 272 

2,074,417 
2,016,204 
1,859,088 
1,765,551 

10,383 
10,753 
11,462 
11,9.88 
11,577 

12,684 
13,288 
14,047 
14,499 
14,861 

15,506 
15, 784 
16,096 
16,371 
16,546 

16,643 
16,280 
15,891 
16,993 
16,034 

16,313 
16, 686 
17,000 
17,951 

17,991 
17, 683 
17,502 
17,699 

2,399,586 
2,445,619 
2,501,102 
2,663,271 
2,634,325 

2,564,721 
2,607,721 
2,639,531 
2,654,271 
2,659,426 

2,699,682 
2,715,049 
2,096,117 
2,  679, 257 
2,621,028 

2,603,265 
2,507,042 
2,388,227 
2,377,815 
2,410,462 

2,396,672 
2,423,159 
2,494,599 
2,641,799 

2,690,5<M 
2,  liOS,  495 
2.566,409 
2,541,924 

23,310 

23,907 
24,538 
24,766 
24,516 

24,288 
24,214 
24,055 
23,834 
23,477 

23,565 
23,309 
23,354 
23,255 
23,047 

22,730 
22,003 
21,397 
21,569 
21,403 

21,651 
21,980 
22,236 
23,109 

22,851 

22,312 

•      21,940 

21,942 

6,277,931 
6,517,8S6 
6,  S52, 5:i6 
6,858.742 
6,782,082 

6,766,119 
6,716,257 
6, 601 , 2.W 
6, 425,. 377 
6,067,648 

5,735,4*3 
6,602,030 
5,392,717 
5, 198,. 51 .9 
4,915,347 

4,«5,089 
4,338,145 
4,015,992 
4,012,029 
3,963,436 

3,8.58,926 

3,797,773 
3,767,849 
3,925,268 

3,770,246 
3,678,809 
3,477,802 
3,285,880 

-3.7 

1915 

-4.9 

1914                

-0.1 

1913 

I.l 

0.2 

1911  

0.7 

1910              

3.3 

1909 

1.2 

1908  

6.9 

1907 

£.8 

1906        

4.2 

1905                                           

2.0 

3.7 

1903                                          

5.8 

1902 

6.0 

1901 

6.8 

1900  .                

8.0 

1899                                          

0.1 

1898  

1.2 

1897                          

2.7 

1896                                

1.6 

1895 

0.8 

1894              .              

-4.0 

4.1 

2.5 

1891   

5.8 

5.8 

1889 

1.2 

ENROLLED  AND  UCENSED  VESSELS.-Contd. 

REGISTERED  VESSELS. 

TEAS. 

Steam.' 

Sail.< 

Total. 

Annual. 
Increase 

in  ton- 
nage (per 

cent).' 

Steam.' 

Si 

iil.s 

Number 

of 
vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Number 

of 
vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Number 

of 
vessels. 

Cross 
tonnage. 

Number 

of 
vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Number 
of 

vessels. 

Gross 

tonnage. 

1916   

14,737 
14,841 
14,W)7 
14,257 
13,564 

12,749 
11,955 
11,143 
10,448 
9,608 

9,094 

8,517 
8,115 
7,697 
7,386 

7,069 
0,715 
6,470 
6,400 
6,352 

6,351 
6,315 
0,280 
6,312 

6,138 
5,945 
6,732 
6,705 

4,470,402 
4,593,904 
4,702,052 
4,064,.3'j:i 
4,660,152 

4,488,339 
4,343,384 
4, 170,  09S 
4,112.437 
3,677,243 

3,384,002 
3,140,314 
3,0)1,262 

2,850,678 
2,718,049 

2,491,231 
2,316,455 
2,115,981 
2,077,859 
2,100,084 

2,042,326 
1,900,750 
1,923,339 
1,922,169 

1,845,518 
1,776,269 
1,661,458 
1,571,079 

8,573 
9,066 
9,931 
10,508 
10,952 

11,539 
12,259 
12,912 
13,386 
13,869 

14,471 

14,792 
15,239 
15,558 
15,661 

15,671 
15,288 
14,927 
15,109 
15,051 

15,300 
15,066 
15,956 
16,857 

16,713 
16,367 
16,208 
16,237 

1,807,632 
1,923,922 
2,149,884 
2,194,349 
2,221,930 

2,277,780 
2,372,873 
2,330,552 
2,312,940 
2,390,405 

2,351,481 
2,361,716 
2,351,505 
2,317,891 
2,197,298 

2,143,858 
2,021,690 
1,900,011 
1,934,170 
1,863,352 

1,816,600 
1,837,017 
1,844,610 
2,003,099 

1,924,728 
1,902,640 
1,816,344 
1,714,801 

3,134 
2,794 
2,406 
2,305 
2,012 

1,703 
1,526 
1,633 
1,591 
1,434 

1,441 

1,372 
1,204 
1,170 
1,226 

1,327 
1,330 
1,331 
1,136 
1,230 

1,257 
1,260 
1,350 
1,343 

1,532 

1,5X7 
1,.527 
1,681 

2,191,716 
1,871,643 
1,076,152 
1,027,776 
932, 101 

872,671 
791,825 
887,505 
940,008 
871,146 

939,486 
954,513 
898, 768 
888,776 
882,655 

889,129 
826, 694 
848,246 
737,709 
805,584 

844,954 
838, 187 
910,180 
899,803 

994,676 
1,005,950 

940, 696 
1,021,595 

17.1 
73.9 

4.7 
10.3 

6.8 

10.2 

-10.8 

-5.6 

7.9 

-7.3 

-1.6 
6.2 
1.1 
0.7 

-0.7 

7.6 

-2.5 

16.0 

-8.4 

-4.7 

0.8 
-8.5 

1.8 
-9.5 

-1.1 
6.3 

-7.3 
8.2 

1,324 

1,107 
884 
827 
701 

668 
497 
498 
478 
442 

406 
380 
348 
357 
341 

365 

338 
307 
312 
247 

244 
239 
246 
249 

254 
271 
233 
219 

1,599,061 

1,349,846 

724,874 

671,148 

019,706 

585,730 
550,977 
578,626 
598,737 
602,125 

591,285 
601,180 
564,156 
527,410 
458,825 

429,722 
341,342 
3C*,030 
294,004 
258,474 

264,882 
2.52,0)6 
260,091 
201,103 

228,899 
239,995 
197,630 
194,  471 

1,810 
1,(.S7 
1,521 
1,478 
1,311 

1,145 
1,029 
1,135 
1,113 
992 

1,035 
992 
856 
813 
886 

972 
992 
964 
824 
983 

1,013 
1,021 
1,104 
1,094 

1,278 
1,316 
1,294 
1,462 

692,0.54 

1915            

621,697 

1914 

351,278 

1913         

350, 02S 

1912 

312,395 

1911 

286,941 

1910 

2:)4,S4S 

1909   

308,979 

1908 

341,331 

1907 

269,021 

1906 

348,201 

1905  

353,333 

1904                                      

344,612 

1903   

361,366 

1902  ...           

423,730 

1901                   

459,407 

1900 ; 

486,362 

488,216 

1898                              

443,616 

1897 

647,110 

1896 

580,072 

686, 142 

1894                               

650,089 

1893 

638,700 

1892                                                  

765,776 

1891   

765,9.55 

1890                          

749,01.5 

1889 

827, 124 

1  From  the  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Navigation,  Department  of  Commerce,  1916,  pp.  212  and  213. 
3  Includes  gasoline  vessels  since  1897.  *  Includes  canal  boats  and  barges. 


5  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease, 
s  Includes  barges. 


UNITED  STATES. 


I 


^ 


The  enrolled  and  licensed  vessels  are  those  engaged 
in  the  coastwise  and  inland  waters  trade,  while  those 
classed  as  registered  are  engaged  primarily  in  foreign 
trade.  In  1916,  of  the  total  merchant  marine,  there- 
fore, 6,277,9.34  tons,  or  74.1  per  cent,  were  enrolled 
and  licensed,  and  2,191,715  tons,  or  25.9  per  cent, 
registered,  as  compared  with  5,735,483  and  939,486 
tons,  or  85.9  per  cent  and  14.1  per  cent,  respectively, 
in  1906.  Although  the  enrolled  and  licensed  craft 
embraced  much  the  larger  tonnage  at  both  of  these 
censiises,  the  increase  in  tonnage  for  the  registered 
vessels  during  the  ten-year  period  was  1,252,229  tons, 
or  133.3  per  cent,  and  for  the  enrolled,  542,451  tons, 
or  9.5  per  cent,  demonstrating  a  much  greater  actual 
and  proportionate  increase  in  the  vessels  engaged  in 
foreign  trade.  The  tonnage  of  steam  vessels  increased 
from  1,765,551  tons  in  1889  to  6,070,063  tons  in  1916, 
but  those  classed  as  sail  in  this  table  decreased  from 
2,541,924  tons  to  2,399,586  tons  during  the  same 
period. 


In  reference  to  foreign  trade  in  American  vessels, 
the  following  data  from  the  census  figures  in  1916  are 
of  interest: 

In  1916  there  were  1,139  vessels  of  2,277,230 
tonnage  reported  to  the  census  as  carrying  freight 
to  or  from  foreign  ports  during  all,  or  a  portion  of 
the  year.  Of  these  vessels,  868,  of  1,930,323  tonnage, 
operated  on  the  Atlantic  coast  and  the  GuH  of  Mexico, 
and  271,  of  346,907  tonnage,  on  the  Pacific  coast 
(including  Alaska).  In  addition  343  vessels,  with  a 
total  tonnage  of  1,101,327,  carried  freight  to  or  from 
Canadian  ports  on  the  Great  Lakes  or  St.  Lawrence 
River,  and  354,  aU  unrigged  and  having  a  tonnage 
of  39,212,  passed  through  Champlain  Canal  from  Lake 
Champlain  to  Canada. 

At  the  census  of  1906  the  number  and  tonnage  of  ves- 
sels reported  to  the  Census  Bureau  to  be  in  this  for- 
eign traffic,  exclusive  of  the  Great  Lakes,  were  660  and 
886,830,  respectively,  and  in  addition  523  canal  boats, 
of  55,034  tonnage,  operated  on  the  Champlain  Canal 
and  Lake  Champlain  and  visited  ports  in  Canada. 


70 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


PORTO  RICO  AND  HAWAII. 


The  statistics  for  American  documented  and  un- 
dommentcd  vessels  of  5  tons  net  register  or  over 
employed  in  the  coastwise  and  foreign  commerce  of 
these  islands  are  not  included  in  the  general  totals 
for  the  United  States,  but  are  shown  separately  in 
Tables  57  and  58  for  1916  and  1906. 

All  floating  equipment  for  both  Porto  Rico  and 
Hawaii  are  included,  as  for  the  United  States  sections 


of  this  report — that  is,  omitting  vessels  owned  by  the 
Federal  Government,  stationary  wharf  boats  and 
house  boats  ■without  power  used  chiefly  for  resi- 
dence purposes.  It  should  also  be  imdei-stood  that  the 
statistics  for  these  islands  were  secured  by  mail,  no 
special  agents  of  the  Census  Bureau  having  visited 
the  islands  in  connection  with  transportation  by  water 
at  either  census. 


PORTO  RICO. 


An  increase  in  the  shipping  interest  of  Porto  Rico 
is  shown  for  each  of  the  three  classes  of  vessels.  With 
very  few  exceptions  the  vessels  reported  for  Porto 
Rico  in  1916  were  engaged  directly  or  indirectly  in 
the  freight  and  passenger  business. 


The  figures  for  freight  indicate  an  unusual  condition, 
in  that  it  was  mostly  harbor  work  at  both  censuses, 
and  that  the  comparativeh'  small  quantity  of  freight, 
as  distinguished  from  harbor  work,  was  all  carried  in 
sail  vessels  in  1906  and  largely  so  in  1916. 


Table  .57.— ALL  VESSELS  AND  CRAFT,  BY  CLASSES:  1916  AND  1906. 


TOTAL. 

STEAM. 

SAIL. 

TraitlGGED. 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent 

of 
increase. 

1916' 

1906 

Per  cent 

of 
increase. 

1916 

190C 

Per  cent 

of 
increase.! 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent 

of 
increase.* 

XumlxT  of  vessels . 

320 

11,943 

$607,  708 

$478, 802 

769 

$211,608 

806,683 

498,570 

68,077 

430,493 

205 

$5.  .566 

$1.80,519 

$227,031 

603 

$121,533 

2,400 

282,867 
24, 120 
258,747 

56.1 
114.6 
236.6 
110.9 
27.5 
74.1 

19 

968 

$1.5.5,8.50 

$168, 023 

110 

$55,  MO 

805, 135 

15,803 
15,803 

4 

94 

$29,200 

$7,600 

16 

$5,3,81 

65 

1,822 

$143. 122 

$13o,  350 

203 

$55,366 

1,548 

49,956 
49,9.56 

43 

905 

$43. 175 

$42,2.5,8 

132 

$24. 861 

2.400 

24,480 

24, 120 

360 

238 

9,153 

$308, 736 

$172,429 

456 
$100,612 

158 

4,567 

$108, 144 

$177, 173 

455 

$91,291 

49.4 

101.3 
231.5 
227.4 
53.8 
122.7 
-35.5 

104.1 
107.1 

100.4 

433.7 
2,110.8 

185.5 

-2.7 

Numljer  employed  on  vessels. 

0.2 

Wages 

933.8 

10.2 

Freight  and  harbor  work  (tons  of  2,000 

76.3 

182.2 
66.4 

432,  SU 

2,318 

430, 493 

258,387 

67.  S 

258,387 

66.6 

'  Includes  12  gasoline  vessels  of  337  tons  in  1916.    No  boats  of  this  cla.ss  were  reported  in  1906. 
'  A  minus  sign  ( — )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100. 


The  number  of  passengers  increased  from  2,400  in 
1906  to  806,683  in  1916,  due  to  the  fact  that  two  ferry- 


boats carrying  805,095  passengers  in  1916  were  not 
reported  in  1906. 


HAWAn. 


Table  58  presents  statistics  for  all  American  docu- 
mented and  undocumented  vessels  or  craft  of  5  tons 


net  register  or  over,  employed  in  the   coastwise   and 
foreign  commerce  of  Hawaii,  for  1916  and  1906. 


Table  58.— ALL  VESSELS  AND  CRAFT,  BY  CLASSES:  1916  AND  1906. 


Numlier  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnage 

Value  of  ve.^els 

Gross  income 

Number  employed  on  vessels 

Wages 

Numl:)er  of  passengers  carried 

Freight  and  harbor  worlc  (tons  of  2,000 
pounds) 

Freight  carried 

Harbor  work 


1916 


81 

17,807 

$1,887,728 

$1,814,939 

873 

$545,059 

m,863 

804,671 
583,769 
220,902 


1906 


Per 
cent 
of  in- 
crease.' 


52 
10,682 
$1, 2m,  100 

$1,488,090 

767 

$428,679 

75,614 


413,447  94.6 
380,811  63.3 
32,  M6     576. 9 


66.7 
56.8' 
22.0 
13. 
27.1 
-6.0 


1916 


19 
10, 750 

$1,435,640 

$1,534,572 

724 

$445,534 

'71,865 

452,365 
452,365 


1906 


23 

8,802 

$1,127,500 

$1,414,142 

080 

$398, 635 

75, 614 

378, 165 

373,  755 

4,410 


Per 
cent 
of  in- 
crease.' 


1906 


Per 
cent 
of  in- 


I  26  3 

22. 1  670  26l 

27. 3  $232, 877  $14, 750'  1, 478.  8 
8.5$134,081$10,5601,169,- 

6 
11.8!  $59,171 
-5.0 


19.6 
21.0 


32,107 
32, 107 


$2,580  2,193.4 


1916 


7 

2,539 

$153, 200 

$140, 286 

48 

$33,924 


1906 


25,172 
25,172 


10 

692 

$16,900 

$12,042 

43 

$9,044 


9,006 
7,056 
1,950 


Per 
cent 
of  in- 
crease. 


1916 


32a  9    3, 

8.  5  $66, 


1906 


Per 
cent 
of  in- 
crease.' 


1,065.0 
"'275.'i 


179.5 
256. 


29  16 

848     1, 26: 
Oil  $44,950 


$51,346 
39 

$18, 420 


26, 276 
26,276 


204.9 

4«.9 

-88.3 


-65.1 


1,022.8 


740.7 


'A  minus  sign  (  —  )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  arc  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100. 

"  Department  of  Commerce,  Steamboat-Inspection  Service,  Annual  Report  of  Supervising  Inspector  General  for  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1916,  p.  34. 


UNITED  STATES. 


71 


The  comparative  statistics  presented  for  Hawaii  are 
exclusive  of  fishing  vessels  for  1916,  because  such  craft 
were  not  reported  to  the  Census  Bureau  in  1906. 
There  were,  however,  12  fishing  vessels  reported  in 
1916  having  a  total  of  154  tons,  valued  at  $22,200, 
which  reported  an  income  of  $55,334. 

While  the  number  of  American  steam  and  sail  ves- 
sels operating  in  Hawaiian  waters  decreased,  there 
were  increases  for  such  vessels  in  all  other  details 
except  in  the  number  of  passengers  carried  on  steam 
vessels.  It  is  noticeable  also  that  the  proportionate 
increases  for  sailing  vessels  were  much  in  excess  of 
those  for  steam  craft.  The  use  of  gasoline  craft 
increased  greatly  during  the  10  years  in  numlier,  nearly 
eight  fold,  and  in  tonnage  nearly  twenty-five  fold, 
their  proportion  of  the  total  tonnage  of  all  vessels 
having  increased  from  two-tenths  of  1  per  cent  in 
1906  to  3.8  per  cent  m  1916. 

A  decided  decrease  appears  in  the  income  from  the 
operations  of  unrigged  craft  during  the  10  years, 
although  the  number,  tonnage,  value,  and  quantityof 
freight  carried  have  largely  increased.  The  decrease 
in  income  is  due  chiefly  to  the  operation  in  1906  of  a 
large  dredge  which  was  not  reported  in  1916,  and  in 
part  also  to  the  difference  in  crediting  receipts  for 
freight  carried  to  the  towing  craft  instead  of  to  the 
barge  at  the  two  censuses. 

CANAL     BOATS. 

The  classification  of  canal  boats  embraces  such  as 
are  without  power  and  are  operated  on  canals.  Steam 
canal  boats,  although  operated  on  canals,  are  included 
with  steam  vessels  and  not  with  canal  boats. 

Table  59. — Canal  Boats,   by  Divisions:  1916  and   1906. 


WVISION  AND  CENSUS  YEAR. 

Num- 
l;er  of 
boats. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Value  of 

boats. 

Gross  in- 
come. 

Num- 
ber of 
en> 
ploy- 
eeson 
boats. 

Wages, 
includ- 

board. 

Total: 

1916  .. 

1.501 
2,237 

-32.9 

198, 120 
303,581 

-34.7 

$2,202,752 
$2,952,197 

-25.4 

82.202,440 
$3, 338, 347 

-34.0 

1,417     $538,569 
2,  772   »I  ni.i  .Wl 

1906 

Per  cent  of 
increase  >.. 

-48.9 

-47.0 

Atlantic  coast  and  GuJf  of 
Mexico:  > 
1916 

445 
663 

-32.9 

63,730 
103,877 

-38.6 

$914,437 
$1,112,475 

-17.8 

$617, 159 
$943,552 

-34.6 

360 
G52 

-44.8 

$206  519 

1906 

$281,399 
-20.7 

Per    cent    of    in- 

Great  Lakes  and  St  Law- 
rence River: 

1916 

1906 

Mississippi  River  and  its 
tributaries: 
1916 

6 

1,134 

$13,800 

$7,790 

15 

$2,  SO 

1906 

2 

651 
1,364 

-52.3 

405 
202 

100.5 

323 

84,696 
173,388 

-51.2 

49,691 
24,859 

99.9 

$1,100 

$974,095 
$1,583,835 

-38.5 

$314,220 
$237,987 

32.0 

$12,500 

SI,  093,  .534 
52,049,277 

-46.6 

*i91,727 
$325,228 

51.2 

8 

618 
1,582 

-60.9 

439 
513 

-14.8 

$2,000 
$223, 401 

Canals  and  other  inland 
waters    of    New    York 
state; 

1916 

1906 

$588,672 

-62.1 

$108,649 
$140,519 

Per    cent    of   in- 
crease * 

All  other  inland  waters: 
1916 

1906 

Per    cent    of    in- 
crease ^ 

—22.7 

*  A  minus  si^n  ( — )  denotes  decrease. 

*  Canal  boats  operated  mostly  in  harbors,  chiefly  New 


York. 


The  statistics  presented  in  Table  59  indicate  that 
transportation  on  canals  has  not  been  fully  utilized. 
Some  of  these  canals  may  have  been  coastructed 
without  pi-oper  consideration  to  connecting  links  that 
would  afford  satisfactory  transportation  rates  beyond 
its  terminus,  if  desired.  It  is  no  doubt  true  that 
adequate  terminals  and  facilities  for  handling  freight 
are  conspicuously  absent.  It  would  seem,  therefore, 
in  order  that  the  country  may  secure  the  proper  benefit 
from  its  canals,  present  and  contemplated,  that  there 
should  be  a  coordination  of  the  entire  canal  system. 

There  was  a  large  decrease  during  the  10  years  in 
number  and  tonnage  of  canal  boats,  their  value  and 
gross  income,  and  in  number  of  employees  and  their 
wages.  The  decreases  shown  for  the  "Canals  and 
other  inland  waters  of  New  York  state"  account  for 
most  of  the  decreases  in  the  United  States.  Much  of 
this  loss  may  be  due  to  the  change  in  the  Erie  Canal  in 
New  York  state  from  a  towpath  canal  to  a  canal  on 
which  steam  and  motor  boats  are  used,  which  dis- 
placed, and  in  a  measm-e  rendered  obsolete,  the  old 
style  canal  boat.  The  six  canal  boats  reported  for  the 
Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River  at  the  census 
of  1906  and  the  two  shown  for  the  Mississippi  River 
and  its  tributaries  at  that  census  were  not  reported  in 
1916,  thus  leaving  these  divisions  without  represen- 
tation in  the  latter  year. 

"All  other  inland  waters"  presents  a  conspicuous 
exception  to  the  general  losses  shown  for  the  other 
four  divisions.  Although  there  were  decreases  in  this 
division  in  number  of  employees  and  in  total  wages 
paid,  an  increase  is  shown  for  these  craft  in  all  other 
particulars.  The  number  of  boats  and  their  tonnage 
doubled,  while  their  value  increased  nearlv  one-third 
and  their  gross  income  more  than  one-half. 

The  totals  in  Table  59  include,  for  the  Atlantic  coast 
division,  canal  boats  engaged  almost  whoUy  in  harbor 
work,  which  boats  are  omitted  in  the  special  section 
on  canals.  The  tables  for  canal  boats  do  not  include 
such  craft  as  scows,  barges,  lighters,  etc. 

Table  60  shows  statistics  for  steam  canal  boats  for 
1916  and  1906. 

Table  60. — Ste.vm  Vessels  Operating   on  Canals: 
1916  AND  1906. 


Per 
cent  of 
increase.! 


Number  of  vessels 

Gross  tomiage 

Value  of  vessels 

Gross  income 

Number  employed  on  vessels 

Wages .' 

Freight  carried  (tons  of  2,000  pounds) 


1916 

1906 

97 

84 

5,751 

7.2S0 

$.193,  772 

$4IS..«00 

$311,273 

$370, 101 

310 

362 

$159.4:5 

$145,701 

'  103. 142 

ISS.  522 

-21.0 
-6.0 
-15.9 
-14.4 
9.5 
-45.6 


'  X  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.    Pertsntages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less 

thtin  100. 
•  Includes  7.0.")7  tons  of  lighterage. 

The  number  of  steam  tugs,  steam  vessels,  and  st^am 
canal  boats  operating  for  the  most  part  on  canals  in- 


72 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


creased  during  the  10  years  from  84  to  97,  but 
decreases  are  shown  in  all  other  particulars,  except 
wages. 

None  of  the  steam  vessels  are  included  with  canal 
boats  shown  in  the  general  tables,  but  are  classed  ac- 
cording to  service  or  occupation  as  freight  and  pas- 
senger, towing,  or  miscellaneous. 

The  increase  in  number  of  steam  craft  operating  on 
canals  is  due  in  a  measure  to  the  completion  and  use 
of  jiarts  of  the  new  barge-canal  system  of  New  York 
state.  In  this  system  there  is  no  provision  for  towing 
canal  boats  by  animal  or  other  power  from  a  towpath 
or  adjacent  lands.  The  canal  boat,  under  the  new 
arrangement,  must  either  possess  its  own  power  or  be 
towed  by  a  tug.  On  a  2.5-mile  section  of  new  canal 
in  Wayne  county,  New  York,  the  state  in  1916  pro- 
vided two  tugs  for  free  service  to  boats  entering  the 
canal  towed  by  horses  from  the  old  towpath,  not  yet 
wholly  superseded. 

Twenty-eight  of  the  steam  craft  on  canals  in  1916 
were  strictly  canal  boats;  of  these,  four  were  stem- 
wheelers;  the  others  were  equipped  with  screw  pro- 
pellers. AU  save  one  were  classified  by  occupation  as 
freight  and  passenger  boats;  the  exception  was  a  canal 
boat  used  for  towing.  Twenty-seven  were  reported 
operating  on  the  canals  of  New  York  state;  one,  the 
tug,  was  on  a  western  canal.  Sixty-six  of  the  97  were 
vessels  other  than  canal  boats,  and  were  used  as 
freight  and  passenger  vessels  or  as  tugs. 

The  .3  additional  steam  craft,  making  the  total  of  97 
shown  in  the  table,  ojjerated  for  the  most  part  in  New 
York  Harbor  and  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  and  are  there- 
fore included  in  the  totals  for  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf 
coast  division  and  not  in  those  for  "Canals  and  other 
inland  waters  of  ^iew  York  state"  or  in  "All  other 
inland  waters."  This  explains  the  discrepancy  be- 
tween the  total  in  Table  60  and  the  totals  in  the  tables 
in  the  chapter  on  "Canals  and  other  inland  watere." 
These  3  steam  canal  boats  had  a  tonnage  of  379,  a 
value  of  .Sll,500,  a  gross  income  of  $9,26.5;  employed 
12  men  at  a  total  wage,  including  board  and  lodgings, 
of  $7,461,  and  carried  3,150  net  tons  of  freight. 

In  addition  to  the  97  steam  craft  operating  on  canals 
in  1916,  there  were  18  motor  boats,  with  a  gross  ton- 
nage of  369,  a  horsepower  of  692,  a  value  of  $58,150, 
and  a  gross  income  of  $21,976.  The  number  of  em- 
plovees  on  these  craft  was  18  and  their  wages,  including 
board  and  lodgings,  amounted  to  $8,287.  They  re- 
ported freight  carried  to  the  amoimt  of  2,300  net  tons. 
New  York  state  reported  11  of  the  motor  boats,  with 
a  tonnage  of  249,  a  horsepower  of  542,  a  value  of 
$47,550,  and  a  gross  income  of  $13,509.  The  number 
of  employees  was  10,  and  their  wages,  including  board 
and  lodging,  were  $5,400.  The  freight  carried  amoimt- 
ed  to  200  net  tons.  These  figures,  which  are  tabularly 
set  forth  under  "Canals  and  other  inland  waters,"  dis- 
close that  61.1  per  cent  of  the  motor  craft  operating  on 


canals  were  reported  from  the  canals  of  New  York 
state.  They  represented  67.5  per  cent  of  the  tonnage 
of  such  boats  on  canals  and  81.8  per  cent  of  the  value, 
their  income  reaching  61.5  per  cent  of  the  total. 

It  is  impracticable  to  segregate  the  number  of 
steam  and  motor  boats  operating  on  canals  in  1906. 
Motor  boats  were  then  in  operation  on  canals,  but  they 
were  few  in  nxmiber  and  did  little  business,  except  the 
carrying  of  passengers.  Tlie  great  majority  of  the 
power  boats  were,  as  in  1916,  propelled  by  steam  and 
used  as  tugs. 

CANALS    AND    CANALIZED    RIVERS. 

The  canals  themselves  may  be  divided  into  three 
classes:  Those  owned  and  operated  by  the  Federal 
Government,  by  state  governments,  and  by  corpora- 
tions. The  locks  on  rivers  which  have  been  improved 
or  made  navigable  are,  save  in  a  few  instances,  owned 
and  operated  by  the  Federal  Govermnent,  and  such 
rivers  are  generally  knowTi  as  ship  canals.  The  Federal 
canals,  the  canalized  rivers,  and  a  nmnbcr  of  the  state 
and  corporation  canals  are  used  for  the  transporta- 
tion of  freight  in  ships;  the  state  and  corporation 
canals  for  the  most  part  for  the  transportation  of 
freight  in  canal  boats. 

The  information  concerning  the  state  and  corpora- 
tion canals  was  secured  from  the  canal  officials  and  is 
for  the  calendar  year  1916;  that  for  the  Federal  canals 
and  canalized  rivers  is  from  the  annual  reports  of  the 
Chief  of  Engineers  of  the  United  States  Army,  unless 
otherwise  noted,  and  covers  the  fiscal  year  ended 
Jime  30,  1916. 

Table  61. — Number,  Mileage  (Including  Slack  Water),  and 
Cost  of  Canals  and  Canalized  Rivers  in  the  United  States: 
1916,  1906,  1889,  and  1880. 


Total. 

State  and  cor- 
poration 
canals. 

Government 
canals. 

Canalized 
rivers. 

Number: 

1016    

74 
64 
67 
52 

6,133.62 
3,644.60 
3.3.S.3.27 
3,235.78 

$483,511,573 
2.83,208.863 
188,185,880 
183,952,302 

24 
29 
37 
39 

1,467.17 
2.046.01 
2.264.60 
2,746.18 

$316,353,329 
213, 797, 297 
150,481,825 
167,205,810 

22 
12 
9 
2 

281.39 
78.19 
40.63 
10.00 

$58,238,594 

26,524,588 

20,517,133 

7,832,009 

28 

1906 

23 

1889 

21 

1880 

11 

Mileace: 

1916 

4,385.06 

1906            

1,520.40 

1S89 .' 

1,078.04 

1880 

479.60 

Cost: 

1916 

$108,919,650 

1906 

42,886,978 

1889 

17,186,922 

1880. 

8,914,483 

The  number  of  Government  canals  and  of  canalized 
rivers  has  continuously  increased  since  1880,  while 
the  nxmiber  of  canals  owned  by  states  and  corpora- 
tions has  as  continuously  decreased.  Five  state  and 
corporation  canals  ceased  operation  during  the  pe- 
riod 1906  to  1916,  compared  with  a  decrease  of 
8  from  1889  to  1906.  The  loss  for  this  earlier 
period  (1889-1906)  carried  a  net  total  decrease  of  3 


UNITED  STATES. 


73 


in  the  total  number  for  canals  and  canalized  rivers 
under  all  kinds  of  oAivnership,  but  the  loss  during  the 
later  period  was  overcome  by  the  gain  in  Government 
canals  and  canalized  rivers,  the  net  uicrease  being  10. 

During  the  36  yeare  covered  by  the  table  there  has 
been  the  significant  increase  of  3,905.46  miles,  or  over 
eight  fold,  in  canalized  rivers,  and  of  271.39  miles,  or 
over  twenty-seven  fold,  in  Government  canals.  The 
decrease  in  mileage  of  state  and  corporation  canals 
during  this  same  period  was  1,279.01  mUcs.  These 
canals  ia  1916  had  a  length  of  1,467.17  miles,  or  only 
23.9  per  cent  of  the  mileage  of  all  canals  and  canalized 
rivers;  in  1880  their  length  was  2,746.18,  or  84.9  per 
cent  of  all.  If,  however,  canaUzed  rivers  are  omitted 
from  the  comparison  and  canals  only  considered,  the 
mileage  of  these  same  state  and  corporation  canals  in 
1916  was  more  than  four-fifths  of  the  total. 

The  abandonment  of  705.51  miles  of  canals  and 
canalized  rivers  from  1906  to  1916  is  shown  in  Table 
62,  which  also  gives  the  record  prior  to  18S0,  from 
1880  to  1889,  and  from  1889  to  1906. 

Table  62. — -Length  and  Cost  op  Abandoned  Canals  and  Ca- 
nalized Rivers:  1916,  1900,  1889,  and  ISSO. 


Total 

Abandoned  canals  up  to  1880 . . 
Abandoned  canals,  LS80  to  1889 
Abandoned  canals,  1889  to  1906 
Abandoned  canals,  1006  to  1916 


Length 
(miles). 


Cost  of  con- 
struction and 
improve- 
ment. 


3, 546. : 


1,953.56 
261.69 
626,02 
705.  51 


S9S, 873, 923 


44,013,166 

7, 157, 850 

21,997,779 

25, 705, 128 


Canals  abandoned  from  1906  to  1916  are  shown  by 
state,  name,  mileage,  and  cost  in  Table  63. 

Table  63. — Name,    Length,   and   Cost   of  Con.struction    op 
Canals  Abandoned  Between  1906  and  1916. 


STATE  AND  NAME. 


Aggregate 

State  and  corporation  canals. . . . 

New  York: 

Delaware  and  Hudson 

Pennsylvania: 

Lehigh  Coal  and  Navigation  Co.  (part) 
North  Carolina: 

New  Bern  and  Beaufort 

Georgia: 

Augusta 

Ohio: 

Ohio  and  liranches 

Miami  and  Erie 

Texas: 

Morris  and  Cummings 

Government  canalj 

Iowa: 

Des  Moines  Rapids 

South  Carolina: 

Fenwicks  Island 

Texas: 

Morgan  Canal  and  cut , 


Length 
(miles). 

Cost  of  con- 
struction and 
improve- 
ment. 

705. 51 

$25,705,128 

687.  75 

20,716,254 

9.00 

65,000 

60.75 

2,433,350 

5.00 

35,000 

9.00 

2,090,263 

326.00 
269.00 

7,904,971 
8,062,680 

9.00 

125,000 

17.76 

4,988,864 

12.00 

4,666,889 

0.33 

50,000 

5.43 

271,975 

The  mileage  abandoned  during  the  10  years  from 
1906  to  1916  and  the  cost  of  such  construction  was 
greater  than  that  for  either  of  the  other  two  definite 
periods  suice  1880,  as  shown  in  Table  62.  Of  this 
abandoned  mileage,  that  classed  as  state  and  corpo- 
ration formed  97.5  per  cent  and  of  the  cost  80.6  per 
cent. 

Table  64  shows  the  total  tonnage  of  freight  carried 
on  each  of  the  three  classes  of  canals  for  1916,  1906, 
1889,   and   1880. 

Table  6i. — Tons  op  Freight  Carried  on  State  and  Corpo- 
ration Canals,  Government  Canals,  and  Canalized  Rivers: 
1916,  1906,  1889,  and  1880. 

[The  figures  in  this  table  represent  the  freight  tonnage  carried  on  the  canals  of  the 
United  States,  each  canal  being  regarded  as  a  single  tmit.] 


FREIGHT  CABEffiD  (TONS  OF  2,000  POUNDS). 

1916 

1906 

1889 

1880 

Total 

225,933,929 

122,434,405 

48,668,325 

21,044,292 

State  and  corporation  canals . . . 
Government  canals 

5,782,185 
192, 009, 392 
28,082,352 

6,606,814 
96,729.3.33 
19,098,258 

13,2<i9,600 
28,904.209 
6,494,516 

16,301,323 
1.244,279 

3,495,690 

There  has  been  a  continuous  gi'owth  since  1880  in 
the  traffic  on  Government  canals  and  canalized 
rivers,  while  a  decrease  for  each  of  the  several  periods  is 
shown  in  that  on  state  and  corporation  canals. 

The  increase  in  total  freight  carried  on  all  canals 
and  canalized  rivers  from  1906  to  1916  was  103,499,524 
tons,  or  84.5  per  cent.  The  decrease  in  quantity 
carried  on  state  and  corporation  canals,  1906  to  1916, 
was  824,629  tons,  or  12.5  per  cent.  This  was  not  so 
great  as  the  decrease  during  the  previous  period, 
wliich  was  6,662,786  tons,  or  50.2  per  cent.  The  Gov- 
ernment canals  show  large  gains — 95,340,059  tons,  or 
98.6  per  cent,  in  freight  carried,  1906  to  1916,  com- 
pared with  67,825,124  tons,  or  234.7  per  cent,  from 
1889  to  1906.  Canalized  rivers  also  show  large  in- 
creases in  freight  for  the  corresponding  periods, 
8,984,094  tons,  or  47  per  cent,  and  12,603,742  tons, 
or  194.1  per  cent,  respectively. 

The  Sault  Ste.  Marie  Canals  connecting  Lake  Su- 
perior with  Lake  Huron — one  under  the  control  and 
operation  of  the  United  States  and  the  other  under 
the  control  and  operation  of  the  Canadian  Govern- 
ment^are  great  arteries  of  commerce,  this  fact  being 
reflected  in  the  net  registered  tonnage  of  the  vessels 
passing  through  them  from  year  to  year  and  in  the 
increasingly  large  quantity  of  freight  moved.  Table 
65  shows  the  net  registered  tonnage  of  vessels  passing 
tlu'ough  these  two  canals  and  the  total  tons  of  freight 
carried  annually,  from  1895  to  1916,  inclusive. 


74 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  65. — Net  Tonnage  op  Vessels  and  Total  Freight 
Passing  Through  Both  American  and  Canadian  Canals  at 
Sault  Ste.  Marie:  1895  to  1916.' 


■VEAR. 

Net  regis- 
tered 
tonnage. 

Total 
freight 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 

TEAR. 

Net  regis- 
tered 
tonnage. 

Total 

freight 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 

1916 

69,824,463 
56,399,147 
41,986,:«9 
57,989,715 
56, 736, S07 
41,653,4,18 
49,856,123 
46,751,717 
31,091,730 
44,087,974 
41,098,324 

91,. 8.88, 219 
71.290,304 
55,369,934 
79,718,344 
72,472,676 
5.3, 477,  216 
62,363,218 
57,89.5,149 
41,390,657 
58,217,214 
51,751,080 

1905 

36,017,699 
24,3(14,138 
27,  7311,  444 
31,9.55,,5S2 
24,626,9711 
22,31.5,,S34 
21,958,347 
18, 622, 754 
17,619,933 
17,249,418 
16,806,781 

44,270,680 

1915 

1904 

31,  .546  106 

1914  

1903 

34,  674, 437 

1913 

1902 

35  961  146 

1912  

1901 

28,403,065 
25,643,073 
25,255,810 
21,234,664 

1911 

1900 

1910  

1,899 

1909            

1,898 

1,897 

1908 

18,982,755 
16,  239, 061 
15,062,580 

1907        

1896 

1906 

1S95 

'This  table  is  compiled  from  Statistical  Report  of  Lake  Commerce  and  St.  Mary's 
Canal,  prepared  from  Official  Records  under  direction  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers, 
United  States  Army. 

The  increase  in  tonnage  of  vessels  passing  through 
both  canals  from  1906  to  1916  was  28,726,139,  or  69.9 
per  cent,  and  in  freight  carried,  40,137,139  tons,  or 
77.6  per  cent. 

Table  66  gives  from  the  annual  reports  of  the  Chief 
of  Engineers,  United  States  Army,  and  from  reports  of 
canal  officials,  the  net  tons  of  freight  carried  on  ship 
canals,  including  canalized  rivers,  and  on  "all  other" 
canals,  for  1916,  1906,  1889,  and  1880. 

A  ship  canal  is  one  intended  for  navigation  by  sea- 
going vessels.  The  statistics  for  ship  canals  include 
those  for  all  Government  canals,  for  all  canalized  rivers, 
and  for  the  following  canals  owned  by  states  and  corpo- 
rations: Delaware — Chesapeake  and  Delaware;  Loui- 
siana— Harvey's,  Lake  Borgne,  New  Basin,  Old  Basin; 
Massachusetts — Cape    Cod    Ship;     Michigan — Torch 


Lake ;  New  Jersey — Delaware  and  Raritan ;  Virginia — 
Dismal  Swamp.  Ship  canals  for  which  no  freight 
figures  are  given  for  1916  in  the  reports  quoted  are: 
Illinois — Chicago  Drainage  and  Ship;  Louisiana — 
Company's,  Secolas;    North  Carolina — Fairfield. 

Table  66. — Net  Tons  of  Freight  Carried  on  Ship  Canals, 
Incloding  Canalized  Rivers,  and  All  Other  Canals:  1916, 
190(5,  1889,  AND  1880. 

(The  figures  in  this  table  represent  the  freight  tormage  carried  on  the  canals  of 
the  United  States,  each  canal  being  regarded  as  a  single  unit.) 


1916 

1906 

1889 

1880 

Total 

225,933,929 

122,434,405 

48,668,325 

21,044,292 

223,739,624 
2,194,305 

118,114,267 
4,320,138 

38,905,820 
9,762,505 

All  other . . 

15,967,901 

The  freight  tonnage  moved  on  the  sliip  canals  has 
increased  at  a  rapid  rate  since  1880,  when  only  24.1 
per  cent  of  all  canal  freight  was  reported  from  these 
waterways.  In  1889  their  proportion  had  increased  to 
79.9  per  cent,  in  1906  to  96.5  per  cent,  and  in  1916  the 
freight  carried  on  the  ships  that  went  through  these 
canals  and  canalized  rivers  amounted  to  99  per  cent 
of  all  canal  freight  reported. 

Table  67  shows  the  number  of  tons  of  freight  carried, 
by  states,  on  each  of  the  several  classes  of  canals,  for 
1916,  1906,  1889,  and  ISSO;  and  Table  68  shows  num- 
ber, dimensions,  date  of  construction,  etc.,  for  such 
canals  to  1916. 

Table  69  shows  detailed  statistics,  by  divisions, 
for  all  vessels,  by  classes  and  occupation,  and  Table 
70,  by  classes  and  character  of  ownership:  1916. 


UNITED  STATES. 


75 


Table  67.— TONS   (1F   FREIGHT   CARRIED   ON   STATE   AND   CORPORATION   CANALS,    GOVERNMENT  CANALS.   AND 

CANALIZED  RIVERS:  1916,  1906,  1889,  AND  1880.' 


•<:l.4ss,  state,  and  name. 


Aggregate. 


State  and  corporation  canals 

Government  canals 

Canalized  rivers 


STATE   .VXD   COEPORATION  CA- 
NALS   


Massachusetts: 
Cape  Cod  ship. 


New  York 

Erieand  branches 

Champlain 

Oswego 

Cayuga  and  Seneca 

Black  River 

Delaware  and  Hudson. 


New  Jersey 

Delaware  and  Raritan 

Delaware  and  Raritan  feeder. 

Morris '. 

Penns  Neck 


Pennsylvania 

Pennsylvania 

Susquehanna  and  Tidewater. .. 

Schuylkill  Navigation  Co 

Lehigh  Coal  and  Navigation  Co. 

Union  Navigation  Co 

Muncy  Navigation  Co 

Delaware  Division 

Delaware: 

Chesapeake  and  Delaware 

Maryland: 

Chesapeake  and  Ohio 


Virginia 

.\lbemarle  and  Chesapeake 

Lake    Drummond    (Dismal 

Swamp) 

Alexandria  and  Georgetown 


North  Carolina 

Fairfield 

New  Bern  and  Beaulort.. 


Georgia 

Augusta 

Ogeechee 

Florida: 

Santa  Fe 

Ohio 

Ohio  and  branches . 

Walhonding 

Hocking 

Miami  and  Erie 


Illinois 

Illinois  and  Michigan 

Chicago  Drainage  and  Ship. 
Michigan: 

Torch  Lake 


Louisiana 

New  Basin 

Old  Basin 

Harvey's 

Company's 

Secolas 

Lake  Borgne 

Texas: 

Morris  and  Cummings 

Oregon: 

Portland  General  Electric  Co., 


GOVERNMENT  CANALS  . 


New  York: 

Black  Rock  Canal 

Delaware: 

Lewes 

Virginia: 

Albemarle  and  Chesapeake. . 


1,908,7B9 

21),  908 

141,029 

27,12S 
(■•) 
27, 128 

25,811 

Michigan 172,940,146 

St.  .Marvs  Falls— South \,,  -,o  ,<n 

St.  Marys  Falls-North ,p,348,340 


South  Carolina 

Fen  wicks  Island 

Estherville  and  Minim  Creek. . . 
Florida: 

Channel 


1916 


1906 


225,933,929    122,434,405 


5.782, 1K5 
192,069,392 
28,082,352 


5,782,185 


938,566 

1,625.050 
917,689 
506,528 
135,948 
44,421 
20,464 
W 

342,455 

331,006 

11,449 

(.') 

376,047 

(<) 

42,540 
22S, 141 

(<) 

(') 
105,366 

920,468 

lSl,7.i9 

413,679 

(') 

413,679 


P> 


(=) 


(») 


470,387 

513,774 
127,927 
94,467 
163,255 

128, 125 
{') 
(•) 

192,069,392 


6,606,814 
96,729,333 
19,098,258 


6,606,814 


(') 

3,627,907 

2,385,491 

740,983 

172,228 
164,874 
77,331 
87,000 

513,043 

424,986 
88,057 
(') 

294,979 

^:! 

240, 625 

h) 

683, 0S6 

22.5, 143 

4.15,404 
9.5,269 

340, 135 


m 
w 

7,004 
7,004 
(') 

k,052 
8,818 
(') 
(.<) 
75,234 

6,470 
6,470 
(') 

(') 

683,900 
500,000 
60,000 
60,000 
50,000 
(') 
23,900 

2,000 

43,826 


96,729,333 


(■'•) 
(=) 


(') 


,049,378 
276, 802 


1889 


48,668,325 


13,269,600 
28,904,209 
6,494,516 


13,269,600 


(•) 

6,816,304 

3,673,554 

1,187,038 

170,078 

196.138 

143.561 

1,445,935 

1,738,905 
1,276,269 
462,636 
(>) 

1,359,665 
423,073 
125,555 
219, 697 
591,340 

(>) 

(') 

(=) 

736,879 

(•) 

395,004 
316, 793 

78,211 
(») 

2,124 
2,124 
(') 

40,392 
23,608 
16,724 

1,000 

1,107,176 

129,398 

948 

7,3,53 

969,477 

742,391 

742,391 

(.') 

(■) 

293,070 
226,594 

66,476 

{') 

(») 

(' 

(') 

(•) 
36,690 


28.904,209 


m 


(') 


27,491,869 
7, 516. 022 


1880 


21,044,292 


C) 

(10) 


(') 
(') 

1,241, 
1,244, 


16,304,323 
1.244,279 
3,495,690 


16,304,323 


(') 

7,766,969 

4,608,651 

1,200.503 

427,863 

125,331 

75,308 

1,329,313 

1,857,568 

1,348,082 

503,486 
6,000 

2,607,535 
861,798 
362,295 
630,416 
719,338 
29,853 
3,835 
(') 

959,146 

655,423 

532,662 
400,000 

6,731 
125,931 

40,000 
40,000 
(') 

23,602 

2,697 

20,905 

m 

791,962 

429,626 

3,309 

35, -290 

323,737 

751,360 
751,360 
(') 

(■) 

318,096 
177,108 
140,988 


1,244,279 


279  ; 
279 


CLASS,  STATE,  AND  NAME. 


1916 


Go^•EnNMENT  CANALS— continued. 

Mich  igan — Con  t  inncd . 

St.  Clair  Flats 

Keweenaw 

niinni.s; 

Illinois  and  Mississippi 

Iowa: 

Des  Moines  Rapids 

Kentucky: 

Loui.s\*ille  and  Portland 

Wisconsin: 

Sturgeon  Bay  and  Lake  Mich- 
igan  


Alabama 

Muscle  Shoals  and  Elk  River 

Shoals 

Colbert  Shoals 


Texas 

Port  Arthur 

Sabine-Neches 

Galveston-  Brazos . 
Morgan 


Oregon 

Dalles4:elilo. 

Cascades 

Willamette.. 


Washington 

Lake  Washington  Ship 

Port  Townsend  and  Oak  I3ay. 


CANALIZED  ErVEBS. 


New  York: 
Hudson. 


Pennsylvania 

Ohio 

Monongahela. 
Allegheny 


West  Virginia 

Kanawha 

Little  Kanawha. , 

North  Carolina: 

Cape  Fear 

South  CaroUna: 

Congaree 

Ohio: 

Muskingum 


Illinois 

Ilhnois... 
Wabash.. 
Galena... 


Wisconsin . 

Chippewa. , 
Fox , 

Missouri: 

Osage , 


Kentucky , 

Kentucky , 

Green  and  Barron., 

Big  Sandy , 

Bough , 


Tennessee 

Cumberland 

Above  Nashville. 
Below  Nash\'ille. 


.\labama 

Black  Warrior 

Coosa 

Muscle  Shoals  and  Elk  River 
Shoals 


Arkansas 

Ouachita 

Upper  White. 


Texas 

Trinity. 
Brazos.. 


Oregon 

Yamhill 

Cascades  Columbia  River. 


95,370,752 
2,227,054 

25,358 

(») 

6,044,914 

630,416 

54,853 

10,439 
44,414 

5.587,986 

4,018,501 

965,722 

3,763 

P) 

221,097 

8,684 

37,280 

175, 133 

4,428,917 

4,359,476 

69,441 

28,082,352 


3,190,471 

21,293,923 

6,044,914 
12,875,673 
2,373,336 

1,573,066 

1,513,827 

59,239 


100,846 

5,364 

127,277 

2)6.530 

15  239,677 

676 

6.227 

167,548 

(') 
167,548 

13,999 

462,689 
177, 191 
182.681 
89.874 
12,943 

386,957 


263,9.53 
123,004 

488,060 
457,109 
30,951 

(') 

"20,101 

(') 
"20,101 

4.841 
4.. 841 

630 
630 


(') 


1906 


51,3.59.071 
"2,41.3,445 


8,520 
1,053,526 

617,210 


(U) 

(«) 


(') 
(») 


19,098,258 


(') 

16.091,000 
3,247.753 

11.447.444 
1,395,803 

1.720,399 

u  1.613,SS9 

11106.510 


(') 

(») 

"50,668 

33.178 
24.943 
3.990 
4,245 

"263,589 

11263,589 

m 

729. 42S 
11  201,510 

342. 495 

u  148.623 

36,800 

119.009 

119.009 


34.077 
16,281 
(') 

17,796 

7,999 

7.999 


(') 
(') 

48.911 
2,027 
46,SS4 


1889 


I9.717.K60 
"257,987  I 

794,280  j 
618,060  I 


(•) 


8 


6,491,516 


(») 
3,294,932 

3,294,932 
(•) 

1.260,859 

1,145,202 

115,657 


P) 

(') 

10,281 

180,264 
180,264 


^l 


671,952 
325, 477 
346,475 

(') 

1,076.228 
258.950 
819.278 

(') 

(■) 


C) 


h 


1880 


(") 
(>) 


(■) 
(») 
(") 


3.495,690 


(») 

3,450.400 

(') 
3,450.400 

(») 


(•) 
(«) 
45,290 


(») 
(') 
(') 


m 


111 


?] 


(•) 


1  The  figures  relating  to  Government  canals  and  canalized  rivers  were  obtained 
from  the  reports  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers  of  the  United  States  Army,  and  those 
for  the  state  and  corporation  canals  directly  from  the  canal  officials. 

■  Not  opened. 

« .\bandoned  since  1906, 

*  .Miandoned  since  1889. 
"  Not  reported. 

•  Canal  not  in  operation  In  1889. 
1  See  Government  canals. 

8. Abandoned  since  ISSO. 


•  See  Government  canals  (Willamette  River). 
10  See  state  au<l  cnrporation  canals. 
1'  Fiscal  vcar  ending  Juno  ;)0.  1905. 
1'  Includes  Keweenaw  Bay  and  Portage  Lake  Canals. 
i»  See  canalized  rivers. 
"  See  canalized  rivers  (Columbia  Rivert. 

1'  See  state  and  corporation  canals  (Portland  General  Electric  Co.). 
!•  Fiscal  vear  ending  June  30, 1916. 
"  Calendar  year  1915. 


76 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  68.— NTOIBER,  DIMENSIONS,  DATE  OF  CONSTRUCTION,  AND  COST  OF  STATE  AND  CORPORATION  CANALS, 

GOVERNMENT  CANALS,  AND  CANALIZED  RIVERS:  191G.' 


CLASS,  STATE,  AND  NAME. 


Aggregate. 


State  and  corporation  canals. 

Government  cnnals 

Canalized  rivers 


STATE      AND       CORPORA- 
TION CANALS 


Massachusetts: 

Cape  Cod  Ship  2. 


New  York 

Erie  and  branches  '. . 

Champlains 

Oswego' 

Cayuga  and  Seneca ' 


Black  River  3. 


New  Jersey 

Delaware  and  Raritan '... 
Delaware     and     Raritan 

(feeder). 
Morris 


Pennsylvania 

Schuylkill  Navigation  Co.. 

Lehiph  Coal  and  Na^^ga- 
tion  Co. 

Delaware  Division  Canal. . 
Delaware: 

Chesapeakeand  Delaware ' 

Maryland: 

Chesapeake  and  Ohio 


Virginia: 

Lake  Drummond  -  (Dis- 
mal Swamp). 
North  Carolina; 

Fairfleld^ 


Illinois 

Illinois  and  Michigan  3 , . . 
ChicagoDrainageand  Ship' 
Michigan; 

Torch  Lake2 


Louisiana 

New  Basin  3. 

Old  Basin'.. 

Harvey's  2... 


Company's 

Lake  Borgne ' . 


QOVERNMZNT  CANALS. , 


New  York; 

Black  Rock. 


Delaware; 

Lewes 

Virginia: 

Albemarle  and  Chesapeake. 

South  Carolina: 

E.=;ther\ilie-Minim  Creek.. 
Florida; 

Channel 


Michigan 

St.  Marys  Falls-South. 
St.  Marys  Falls-North. 


Keweenaw . 


St.  Clair  Flats 

Illinois: 

Illinois  and  Mississippi . . . 
Kentucky; 

Louisville  and  Portland . . 

Wisconsin: 

Sturgeon  Bay- Lake  Mich- 
igan. 


Alabama 

Muscle    Shoals 

Kiver  Shoals. 

Colbert  Shoals.. 


Points  connected. 


Num- 
ber of 

canals. 


Buzzard-Cape  Cod  Bay. 


Trov-Tonawanda 

Whitehall-Troy 

Oswego-Threo  Rivers 

Mays    Point-Ithaca-Montour 

Falls. 
Rome-Lyons  Falls 


New  Brimswick-Bordentown. 
Raven  Rock-Trenton 


Jersey  City-Easton,  Pa.. 


Philadelphia- Port  Clinton . 
Mauch  (  hunk-Easton 


Easton-Bristol 

Delaware    River-Chesapeake 
Bay. 

Washington,  D.  C.-Cumber- 
land.Md. 

Elizabeth  River,  Va.-Pasquo- 
tank  River,  N.  C. 

Fairfield- Alligator  River 


Chicago-La  Salle. . . 
Chicago-I/OCkport. 


Torch  Lake-Torch  Bay . 


New  Orleans-Lake  Pontchar- 
train. 

New  Orleans-St.  Johns  Bayou 

Mississippi  River  at  New  Or- 
leans. 

Mississippi  River  at  La 
For.rcne 

Mississippi  River-Lake  Borgne 


Along  east  bank  Niagara 
River  at  BuHalo. 

Delaware  Bay-Rehoboth  Bay. 

Elizabeth  River-North  Land- 
ing River. 

Santee  River- Winyah  Bay. . 

Apalachicola    River-St.    An- 
drews Bay,  Fla. 


Around  Falls-St.  Marys  River. 

Aroimd  Falls-St.  Marys  River. 
Lake   Superior- I'ortage   Bay- 

Keneenaw  Bay. 
St.  Clair  River-Lake  St.  Clair. 

La  Salle,  Ill.-Mlsslssippi  River. 

-\roimd  Falls  of  Ohio  River  at 
Louisville,  Ky 


Sturgeon  Bay-Lake  Michigan. 


At  Muscle  Shoals  and  at  Elk 

River  Shoals , 

At  Colbert  Shoals 


Opened 
lor 

traffic. 


24 


1825 
1822 
1828 
1839 

1849 


1S34 
1834 


1836 


1S25 
1821 

1916 

1829 

1850 

1794 


1848 
1900 


1875 


1836 


1794 
1835 


1836 
1900 


1916 
1860 

1906 
1915 


1855 

1914 
1S73 

1SS9 

1907 

1830 

1881 


1890 
1911 


Total 
(miles). 


6,133.62 


1,467.17 
281.39 

4, 385.  or. 


1,467.17 


13.00 

553. 79 
340.  40 
62.66 
23.50 
92.23 

35.00 

172.  69 
44.00 
22.00 

106.69 

196. 46 

89.96 
47.25 

59.25 

29.63 


23.00 


4.00 

133.60 
95.00 
38.60 

4.00 

152.  50 
6.50 

5.50 
36.50 


97.00 
7.00 


3.20 

12.00 
11.10 

5.00 

36.50 

31.53 

1.60 

1.60 
25.00 

3.33 

75.00 

2.00 

1.36 

26.06 
18.00 
8.06 


Canal 
(miles). 


1,218.22 


936  83 
281.39 


936.83 


204.45 
122.40 
23.55 
23.50 


35.00 

172. 69 
44.00 
22.00 

106.69 

146. 83 
50.33 
37.25 

69.25 

13.63 


180.70 


4.00 

127.35 
95.00 
32.35 


53.50 
6.50 


2.00 
13.00 


25.00 
7.00 


2S1.39 


12.00 
11.10 

5.00 

36.50 

31.53 

1.60 

l.CO 
25.00 

3.33 

7.5.00 

2.00 

1.36 


26.06 
14..T01 
3.50j 
8.06 


f      U.M 
\       3. 50/ 


Slack 

water 

(miles). 


4,915.40 


530.34 
4,' 38.5.' 06 


530.34 


5.32 

349. 34 

218.00 

39.11 


92.23 


49.63 
39.63 
10.00 


3.80 


6.25 


99.00 


3.50 
23.50 


72.00 


Sur- 
face 
(feet) 


Bot- 
tom 
(feet). 


200 


150 
125 
200 
200 


60 
226 


110 


lOO 


100 
100 


100 


75 

75 

200 

200 


25 


26 


30 

174 


Depth 

(feet). 


20 


260 
260 


300 
80 

200 

160 


120 


70 
112 


10 


20 


20 


Num- 
ber. 


687 


441 
6S 

178 


441 


166 
35 
11 

7 
4 


13 
4 

32 

129 
55 
49 


Length 
(feet). 


Width 
(feet). 


{      ? 


310 
310 
310 
310 

90 


210 
100 


95 


no 

100 
100 
220 

100 

250 


103 
130 


153 

176 
210 
280 


650 


515 

800 

l.S.W 


3.'50 
016 


Cost  of  con- 
struction 
and  im- 
provement. 


$483,611,573 


316,353,329 
58,238,594 
108,919,050 


316,3.5.3,329 


7,873 
24 
24 


30 


100 

80 


35 


80 
110 


'  The  figures  relating  to  Government  canals  and  canalized  rivers  were  obtained  from  the  reports  of  the  Chief 
ending  June  30, 1916,  and  those  for  state  and  corporation  canals  directlv  from  the  canal  officials. 
2  Ship  canals. 
>  State  canals. 


5,513,905 
3, 191, 726 
2,322,179 
of  Engineers  of  the  United  States  Army  for  the  fiscal  year 


284 
289 
310 


13,500,000 

185,949,120 

139,214,929 

21,691,584 

12,994,329 

8,153,326 

3,804,952 

7,873,637 
}    5,113,749 

2,759,888 

18,122,016 
11,055,557 
4,633,109 

2,43.3,350 

5,000,000 


14,000,000 


3,301,000 


60,000 

64,538,495 

9,429,606 

55,208,889 

597,075 

3,311,986 
1,384,634 

227,352 
750,000 


600,000 
350,000 

58,238,594 


3,9-13,702 

150,126 
5C0, 213 

174,620 

50.5,930 

17,162,910 

9,040,349 

5,011,291 
1,7.80,379 

1,288,891 

7,55.5,999 

6,960,920 

559, 637 


UNITED  STATES. 


77 


Table  68.— NUMBER,  DIMENvSIONS,  DATE  OF  CONSTRUCTION,  AND  COST  OF  STATE  AND  CORPORATION  CANALS, 
GOVERNMENT  CANALS,  AND  CANALIZED  RIVERS:  1916— Continued. 


CLASS,  STATE,  AND  NAME. 


GOVERNMENT  CANALS— COn. 

Texas. 


Fort  Arthxir 

Galveston  and  Brazos . 


Sabine  Neches.. 


Oregon 

Willamette  River. 


Cascades 

Dalles-Celilo. 


Washington 

Port  Tovmsend-Oak  Bay. . 
Lake  Washington  Ship 


CANALIZED  RIVERS  . 


New  York; 

Hudson  River. , 


Pennsylvania 

Monongahela. 

Ohio 

-Vllegheny 


West  Virginia 

Great  Kanawha. 


Little  Kanawha., 
North  Carolina: 

Capo  Fear  River.. 
South  Carolina: 

Congaree 


Ohio: 

Muskingum. 


Illinois 

Illinois . . 
Wabash. 


Qalena. 

Wisconsin: 
Fo.x 


Minnesota: 

Mississippi  River. 


Missouri: 

Osage  River. 


Kentucky 

Kentucky 

Green  and  Barren. 


Big  Sandy,  and  Tug  and 
Levisa  Forks 

Rough 


Tcimcssce  and  Kentucky. 

Cumberland 

Cumberland 


.\labama 

Black  Warrior,  Tombigbee 

Coosa 


Arkansas 

Upper  White. 


Ouachita . 


Texas 

Trinity  River.. 

Brazos  River. . 

Oregon: 

Yamhill 


Points  connected. 


Taylors  Bayou-Sabine  I*ass... 
West   Galveston   Bay-Brazos 

River. 
Port     .\rthur     Canal-Sabine 

River. 


Willamette  Falls  near  Oregon 
City. 

-it  the  Cascades 

The  Dalles-Celilo  Falls 


Port  Townsend-Oak  Bay 

Puget  Sound-Lake  Washing- 


Num- 
ber o( 
canals. 


Opened 

for 
traffic. 


Waterford-Hudson. 


Pittsburgh-Fairmont,  W.  Va.. 

Pittsburgh-Cairo 

Pittsburgh-Natrona 


Loup     Creek     Shoals  -  Point 

1  'leasant 

Mouth  to  Creston 


Kings  BIufl-Browns  Landing. 

Gen'ais  Street  Bridge-Colum- 
bia-Granby. 

Dresden-Marietta 


La  Salle-Grafton 

Grand    Rapids    near    Mount 

Carrael. 
At  Galena 


Portage  City-Green  Bay. 


St.  Paul-Miimeapolis ;  at  Keo- 
kuk,Iowa(DesMoines  Rap. 
ids):  at  Moline,  lU.  (Rock 
Island  Rapids) 


Mouth  to  7  miles  above. 


Carrollton-Beatt  j'ville 

Mouth  Green  River-Mammoth 
Cave:  Mouth  Barren  River- 
Bowling  Green 

iCatlettsburg 
Gallup 
Saltpetre 

Mouth-Hartford 


Nashville-Bumside,  Kv 

Below  Nashville  192.60'miles. 


McGrcws     Shoals,     Sanders 
Ferr)',  and  Nichols  Shoals. 

Rome,  Ga. -Riverside,  .Via 


1   mile    below    Bates\-Ule   to 

Guion. 
Franklin    Shoals,    .Vrk.,    to 

Monroe,  La. 


Dallas- White  Rock  Shoals. . 
Mouth- Waco 


Mouth-McMinnville . . 


28 


1899 
1853 


1896 
1915 


1915 
1916 


1879 

1885 
1902 


1889 
1874 

1916 

1904 


1889 
1893 

1894 
1856 

1907 
1877 
1907 

1906 


1844 
1841 

1897 
1896 


1905 
1905 


1895 
1890 


1904 
1912 


1909 
1915 


Total 
(miles). 


59.00 

7.00 

36.00 

16.00 


9.73 
0.66 

0.57 
8.50 

8.91 
0.91 

8.00 


4,385.06 


38.00 

1, 120. 50 

128.00 

968.50 
24.00 

138.00 
90.00 
48.00 

32.00 

2.00 


241.00 

223.00 

12.00 

6.00 
176.00 


549.00 
255.00 

225.50 

39.00 

29.50 

618.70 
326.10 
192.60 

528.00 
362.50 

165.50 

152.00 
33.00 

119.00 


754.50 
330.50 


Canal 
(miles). 


59.00 

7.00 

36.00 

16.00 


9.73 
0.66 


0.57 
8.50 


8.91 
0.91 


Slack 

water 

(miles). 


1,120.50 

128.00 

968.50 
24.00 

138.00 
90.00 
48.00 

32.00 

2.00 


241.00 

223.00 

12.00 

6.00 
176.00 


4.86 
12.00 
2.50 


549.00 
255.00 

196.00 
29.50 

27.00 
8.20 
3.80 

29.50 

518.70 
326.10 
192.60 

528.00 
362.50 

165.50 

152. 00 
33.00 


754.50 
330.50 

424.00 


18.00 


Sur- 
face 

(feet). 


Bot- 
tom 
(feet). 


40 


65 


75 
100 


Depth 
(feet). 


25 


14 


Num- 
ber. 


2 
ITS 


36 

{  t 
18 
3 

IS 

{      t 

o 

2 
1 


Length 
(feet). 


521 
514 
300 


825 
150 


520 


222 
319 

616 
330 


300 
342 
143 

200 

170 


350 

248 


160 
170 

350 
380 
325 

220 


175 
188 

163 

192 
145 


310 
310 


322 


210 
322 


175 
300 


177 
170 
143 

210 


,  Cost  ol  con. 

]i  struction 
Width  andim- 
«^t{|;provement. 


56 

110 
56 


1,149,467 
,471,880 
233,654 

443,933 


1,484,978 
841,186 

913, 198 
-30,594 

516, 187 
73,322 

442,865 
919,650 


50  ; 

55  I 
23 

I 
40  I 

55 
36 


80 
110 
80 


3,«)7,833 

49, 163, 169 

8,105,050 

39,603,695 
1,454,424 

4,507,124 

■     4,248,042 

259,082 

824,462 

281,000 

2,360,690 

3,263,757 

2,903,757 

260,000 

100,000 
3, 8»t,  159 

8,354,430 


42  635,809 

....;      8,542,966 

36' 


52 

52 


}=■ 


50 
55 


2,774,365 

1,568,659 

106,500 

5,314,009 
3,221,836 
2,092,173 

12,010,398 
9,652,881 


3.57,517 


2,632,708 
813,197 

1,819,511 


3,254,971 
1,928,088 

1,326,933 
72,165 


78 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 

Table  69.— ALL  VESSELS,  BY  CLASS, 


CLASS,   OCCUPATION,  AND  DIVISION. 

Number 
of  vessels. 

TONNAGE. 

KIOQED. 

nORSEPOWEH  OF 
ENGINES. 

Gross. 

Net. 

Screw. 

Side 
wheel. 

Stem 
wheel. 

All 

other. 

1 

Steam. 

Gasoline. 

1 

United  States                   

43,110 

12,395,236 

10,259,604 

16, 174 

433 

1,461 

4,344,891 

412,698 

steam  and  motor 

2 

18,059 

6,194,243 

4,309,618 

16,174 

433 

1,451 

1 

4,344,891 

412.698 

3 

5,362 
3,689 
611 
3,478 
3,785 
1,134 

6,532 
2,713 
2,435 
379 
488 
267 
250 

11,527 
2,649 
1,254 

232 
2,990 
3,518 

884 

4,740 

2,357 

1,738 

569 

76 

20,311 

1,501 

18,810 

5,432,353 
264,135 
224,328 

96,681 
111,620 

65,120 

5,943,388 
5,337,9.52 
246,234 
219,419 
43,677 
47,626 
48,480 

250,  .855 
94,401 
17,901 
4,909 
53,004 
63,994 
16,646 

1,219,739 

1,156,354 

48,565 

11,387 

3,433 

4,981,254 

198, 120 

4,783,134 

3,794,313 
174,038 
154,877 
63,219 
78,170 
45,031 

4,121,944 
3,723,944 
161,107 
150,819 
25,170 
28,421 
32,483 

187,704 
70,369 
12,931 
4,058 
38,049 
49,749 
12,648 

1,090,265 

1,040,124 

37,387 

9,619 

3,135 

4,859,691 

186,260 

4,673,431 

4,705 
2,954 
274 
3,448 
3,714 
1,079 

6,367 
2,233 
2,032 
156 
487 
258 
201 

10,807 

2,472 

922 

113 

2,961 

3,456 

878 

217 
19 

178 

8' 

11 

391 

206 
14 
160 

i' 

10 

42 
U 
5 
18 

7' 

1 

440 
716 
158 
30 
63 
44 

773 

274 

389 

62 

1 

8 

39 

678 
166 
327 
96 
29 
55 
5 

i 

1 
i' 

3,167,780 

6.55,831 

223,610 

80,121 

142,264 

75,285 

4,344,891 

3,167,780 
6,55,831 
223,610 

80,121 
142,264 

75,285 

93,. 559 
48,462 
6,488 
78.395 
148. U57 
34,839 

4 

5 

g 

8 

13 

16 

412,698 

95,539 
48,462 
6,486 
78,395 
148,957 
34,839 

17 

IS 

19 

?0 

*>! 

22 

*>? 

Sail                                                                                   

24 

?T 

26 

Yachts                                                                      

27 

0(} 

?9 

30 

V 

25,387 

6,614,197 

5,457,627. 

9,922 

257 

179 

2,447,754 

242,989 

^? 

10,358 
2,798 
1,856 

262 
2,011 
2,587 

844 

3,396 
1,218 
1,454 
225 
206 
173 
120 

6,%2 
1,5S0 

402 

37 

1,805 

2,414 

724 

4,257 

1,972 

1,718 

495 

72 

10,772 

445 

10,327 

4,962 

2,890,009 
2,403,734 
153, 122 
153,818 
61,056 
81 , 766 
36,513 

2,734,189 
2,343,852 
147,631 
152,951 
29,728 
36,023 
24,004 

165,820 
59,8.82 
6,491 
867 
31,328 
45, 743 
12,509 

847,950 

790,630 

44,524 

10,180 

2,616 

2,876,238 

63,730 

2,812,508 

1,215,303 

1,893,193 
1,574,008 
93,373 
104,862 
39, 156 
56,777 
24,957 

1,776,494 
1,529,591 
89,530 
104,237 
16,780 
21,038 
15,318 

116,699 
44,477 
3,843 
625 
22,376 
35,739 
9,039 

748,794 

704, 160 

33,677 

8,598 

2,359 

2,815,640 

61,090 

2,754,550 

923,863 

9,922 

2,584 
1,781 

144 
1,988 
2,587 

838 

3,055 
1,045 
1,410 
107 
206 
173 
114 

6,867 

1,.539 

371 

37 

1,782 

2,414 

724 

257 

131 

4 

117 

179 
83 
71 

1 
23 

2,447,754 

1,669,276 

420,729 

154,1.58 

49,696 

111,025 

42,870 

2,447,754 
1,1)69,276 
420,729 
1,54, 158 
49,696 
111,025 
42,870 

242,989 

49,900 

14,786 

1,442 

43,620 

105,7.56 
27,485 

33 

Freight  and  passenger. .             

34 

^'^ 

36 

37 

Yachts                                                                       

5 

256 

130 

4 

117 

1 

85 
43 
40 

1 

39 

4'' 

43 

44 

Yachts 

45 

Mi.scpllii"w>ii.s. ,  , 

5 

1 

1 

1 

94 
40 
31 

242,989 

49,900 

14,786 

1,442 

43,620 

105, 756 
27,485 

47 

4S 

4^ 

50 

23 

SI 

52 

>fi«fC^|l^n(vi^t!< 

ST 

Sail                             .             

54 

Freight  and  passenger.. 

55 

57 

59 

1 

A1 

Pm^ifift  coast  (includipg  Alasicn) 

2,707 

48 

158 

620,579 

94,225 

Steam  and  motor 

fi? 

2,073 
1,005 
(H2 
76 
850 
293 
107 

798 
4.i6 
227 
45 
72 
11 
7 

2,175 

609 
415 
31 
778 
282 
100 

735,(101 

611,021 

35,000 

61, 480 

25,301 

8,417 

3,842 

677,414 

686,810 

28,  .372 

49,986 

7,503 

3,855 

862 

58,247 
24,175 

7,228 
1,494 
17,  798 
4,562 
2,990 

479,341 

396,325 

23,282 

35,208 

16,458 

5,558 

2,510 

438,300 

378,996 

18,485 

a3,991 

4,173 

2,175 

MO 

40,981 
17,329 
4,797 
1,217 
12,285 
3,383 
1,970 

2,707 
895 
533 
36 
845 
203 
105 

613 
332 
182 
11 
71 
11 
6 

2,154 
563 
411 
25 
774 
282 
99 

48 
11 

35' 

158 

99 

49 

5 

5 

620,579 

490,825 

62,394 

42,591 

14,711 

8,173 

1,885 

620,679 
490,  .825 
02,394 
42,591 
14,711 
8,173 
1,885 

94,225 

29,431 

22, 252 

1,783 

27, 135 

8,611 

4,983 

61 

Freight  and  passenger.                .        

64 

6^ 

Ferryboats      

66 

Fishing 

67 

68 

2 

38 
7 

36" 

69 

Steam  . .                           

147 

97 

45 

4 

1 

70 

Freight  and  passenger                                      

71 
72 

Ferryboats,                                          

71 

Fishing 

Yachts 

75 

76 

Miscellaneous ...                                .         

1 

10 
4 

5 

Motor                   ....         .                                     

11 
2 
4 

1 
4 

94,225 

29,4.31 

22,252 

1,783 

27,135 

8,641 

4,983 

77 

1 

] 

79 

81 

Yachts                                                                     ,  . 

82 

Miscellaneous 

1 

UNITED  STATES. 


79 


OCCUPATION,  AND  DIVISION;  1916. 


CONSTRUCTION. 


UetaL 


3,370 


2,331 


1,440 
581 
166 

69 
179 

96 

2,362 

1,378 

566 

158 

63 

120 

77 

169 
62 
15 
8 
6 
59 
19 

157 

144 

3 

10 


682 

4 

678 


1,436 
727 
388 
127 

19 
121 

54 

1,357 

698 

384 

127 

15 

91 

42 

79 

29 

4 


257 

4 

253 


257 


201 
146 
21 
9 
15 
7 
3 

186 
133 
20 


Wood. 


Com- 
posite. 


39,619 


15,441 


3,877 
3,096 
441 
3,407 
3,5,87 
1,033 

4,101 
1,292 
l,So9 
219 
425 
137 
169 

11,340 
2,585 
1,237 

222 
2,982 
3,450 

864 

4,573 

2,213 

1,735 

649 

76 

19,605 
1,497 
18, 108 


28,557 


8,893 
2,059 
1,467 

135 
1,992 
2,452 

788 

2,017 

509 

1,069 

98 

191 

73 

77 

6,876 
1,550 

398 

37 

1,801 

2,379 

711 

4,150 

1,887 

1,715 

478 

72 

10,514 

441 

10,073 


4,701 


2,769 
857 
621 
66 
835 
286 
104 

609 
301 
207 
35 
57 
5 
4 

2,160 
556 
414 
31 
778 
281 
100 


121 


87 


Value  of 
vessels. 


8979,388,633 


818,065,866 


642,114,328 


527,057,790 
430,299,612 
37,841,758 
14,664,863 
9,647,473 
25,590,224 
9,013,862 

498,229,447 
421,832,464 
36,861,706 
14,555,401 
5,761,664 
12,826,874 
6,391,338 

28,828,343 
8,467,148 
980,050 
109,462 
3,885,809 
12,763,350 
2,622,524 

46,323,549 

40,824,576 

3,392,652 

1,792,288 

314,033 

68,732,989 

914,437 

67,818,552 


132,524,924 


111,042,115 
89,404,958 
6,866,384 
6,607,936 
5,054,418 
2,139,937 
968,482 

99,668,156 
85,621,453 
5,039,359 
6,394,550 
1,107,600 
1,187,000 
318,194 

11,373,959 

3,783,505 

1,827,025 

213,386 

3,946,818 

952,937 

650,288 


Total. 


$589,124,887 


464,331,090 


384,538,932 

39,626,487 

15,414,979 

19,043,350 

200,097 

5,501,245 

440,561,053 

377,764,420 

36,430,943 

14,883,211 

7,019,500 

93,303 

4,339,676 

23,770,037 
6,774,512 
3,195,544 
531,768 
11,993,850 
112,794 
1,161,569 

45,842,898 

39,427,327 

6,345,170 

1,650 

68,751 

78,950,899 
2,202,440 
76,748,459 


395,211,148 


298,274,571 
245,750,533 
26,573,930 
10,318,559 
12,403,487 
146,078 
3,081,984 

285,024,224 
242,465,651 
25,558,382 
10,198,522 
4,499,383 
44,053 
2,258,233 

13,250,347 

3,284,882 

1,015,548 

120,037 

7,904,104 

102,025 

823,751 

35,820,509 

29,758,507 

6,001,601 

1,650 

58, 751 

61,116,068 

617,159 

60,498,909 


85,030,184 

71,328,603 

57,266,548 

6,019,784 

3,259,556 

4,471,422 

47,951 

261,342 

63,  .586, 647 

54,723,246 

4,476,873 

3,103,836 

1,212,872 

45,750 

24,070 

7,739,956 
2,543,302 
1,542,911 

155,720 

3,258,550 

2,201 

237,272 


Freight. 


8422,920,291 


329,753,906 


329,333,  !vs.5 

331,181 

14,754 

69, 141 

25 

4,920 

324,355,893 

324,084,652 

264,097 

13, 754 

12,485 


905 

5,398,013 

5,269,233 

67,084 

1,000 

56,656 

25 

4,015 

38,814,391 

38,736,658 

77,733 


54,351,994 

2,080,535 

52,271,459 


288,287,689 


212,246,077 

212,145,406 

44,953 


53,210 

2,'568 

209,410,213 

209,358,250 

43,543 


8,420 


2,835,864 

2, 787, 156 

1,410 


44,790 


2,508 

29,493,152 

29,417,669 

75,483 


46,548,460 

566,732 

45,981,728 


56,574,455 


46,1.59,841 

45,918,718 

228,858 


10,758 


1,507 

44,085,428 

43,917,353 

168,075 


2,074,413 

2,001,365 
60,783 


10, 738 
"i,'567' 


Passenger.  I    Ail  other. 


$52,961,637  l$n3,242,959 


52,818,471 


42,530,632 

87,097 

10,223,408 

2,967 

500 

3,867 

51,335,374 

41,437,502 

35,684 

9,861,888 

300 


1,513,097 

1,093,130 

61,413 

361,320 

2,667 

500 

3,867 

17,726 
17,726 


95,440 

'95,' 440' 


31,475,454 


31,448,801 

24,776,744 

234 

6,671,823 


30,975,127 
24,405,921 


6,569,206 


473,674 

370,823 

234 

102,617 


17,728 
17,726 


8,927 
8,927' 

11,571,699 


11,571,699. 

9,312,452 

40,996 

2,216,001 

283 


1.967 

11,056,024 

8,970,680 

89 

2,085,255 


515,675 

341,772 

40,907 

130,746 

283 


1,967 


81,728,713 


12,674,415 
39,208,209 

5,176,817 

18,971,242 

2a5,o72 

5,492,458 

64,869,786 

12,262,268 

36,131,162 

5,007,569 

7,036,715 

93,303 

4,338,771 

18,858,927 

412,149 

3,077,047 

169, 248 

11,934,527 

112,269 

1,153,687 

7,010,781 

672,943 

6,267,437 

1,650 

68,751 

24,503,465 

121,905 

24,381,560 


75,448,005 


54,579,693 
8,828,383 

26,528,743 
3,646,736 

12,350,277 

146,078 

3,079,476 

44,838,884 
8,701,480 

23,514,839 

3,629,316 

4,490,983 

44,053 

2,258,233 

9,940,809 
126,903 

1,013,904 
17,420 

7,859,314 
102,025 
821,243 

6,309,631 

.   323,112 

5,926,118 

1,850 

58,751 

14,558,681 

50,427 

14,508,254 


16,884,030 


13,595,063 
2,035,378 
5,749,930 
1,043,555 
4,460,381 
47,951 
257,868 

8, 445, 195 
1,835,213 
4,308,709 
1,018,581 
1,212,872 
45,750 
24,070 

.5,149,868 

200,105 

1,441,221 

24,974 

3,247,509 

2,201 

233,798 


EHPLOTEES 
ON  VEaSELa. 


Num- 
ber. 


179,276 


132,985 


79, 132 
23,476 
4,2S2 
16,483 
5,975 
3,617 

108,786 
73,727 
21,141 
3,922 
4,942 
2,S78 
2,176 

24,179 

5,105 

2,335 

360 

11,341 
3,097 
1,441 

23,529 
13,115 
9,492 

797 
125 

22,782 

1,417 

21,365 


104,224 


69,965 
38,355 
11,831 
2,549 
10,186 
4,808 
2,258 

55,451 
35,329 
10,995 
2,469 
3,270 
2,285 
1,103 

14,514 
3,026 
836 
80 
6,896 
2,521 
1,155 

18,672 

8,706 

9,080 

772 

114 

15,587 

360 

15,227 


28,466 


22,978 

14,759 

2,412 

825 

4,478 

204 

240 

18,575 
13,294 
1,698 
755 
601 
160 
67 

6,403 
1,4()5 
714 
70 
3,877 
104 
173 


Wages. 


$115,110,891 


89,358 


54,774 
15,929: 
3,917: 
8,38S: 
3,325: 
2,991 

77,103, 
52,274, 
14,649, 
3,773 
2,721 
1,682: 
2,001 

12,254, 

2,o00: 

i,2so; 

174 
5,667 
1,642 


10,882, 
6,991 
3,486 

357: 
4' 

14,869, 

538 

14,331 


87,378, 


48,234 
26,084 
10,098 
2,43' 
5,205: 
2,643: 
1,767 

40,974, 
24,933 
9,653, 
2,40O: 
1,654: 
1,342 
991: 

7,259 
1,150, 

443, 

3' 

3,550, 

1,301, 

775j 

S,513, 

4,,Slil 

3,270; 

345 

36; 

10,631 

208; 

10,424 


$20,483, 


17,445, 

11,737 

2,118: 

964' 

2,212; 

202, 

211 

13,811 

10,715 

1,571, 

912, 

409 

121 

81 

3,633. 
1,022, 
545 
51 
1,803; 
80, 
130, 


700 


963 


Number  of 

passengers 

carried. 


331,608,614 


330,454,460 


as,  095, 703 

147,600 

292,177,374 

18,049 

1,227 

14,507 

321,770,485 

33,810,297 

82,235 

287,876,753 

1,200 


8,683,975 
4,2m5,406 

85,365 
4,300,621 

16,849 
1,227 

14,507 

867 
867 


FREIGHT  CARRIED  (TONS  OF 
2,000  POnUDS). 


Exclusive  of  I  Lighterage  or 
lighterage,     harbor  work. 


258,082,659 


187,893,369 


1,153,287 
'i,'i53,'287 


237,345,627 


237,205,220 

19,168,111 

1,982 

218,015,127 


234,491,468 

17,727,306 


216,764,162 


2.713,752 

1,430,805 

1,982 

1,280,985 


187,797,944 

62,544 

1,070 

31,240 

10 

561 

183,125,780 

183,084,922 

50,678 

735 

9,425 


2,767,609 

2,733,022 

ll,kJ)6 

335 

21,815 

10 

561 

16,830,817 
16,782,009 

48,808 


53,358,473 

2,183,376 

51,173,097 


80,3.35,771 


41,898,368 

41,868,488 

1, 188 


28,338 
""354 


40,3.82,827 

40,374,179 

360 


8,288 


1,515,541 
1,494,309 

828 


867 
867 


139,540 


139,540 


55,408,881 


55,408,881 

7,105,624 

18,943 

48,280,589 

38 


3,707 

52,799,205 

8,032,609 

92 

46,766,504 


2,609,676 

1,073,015 

18,851 

1,514,065 

38 


3,707  1 


20,050 

354 

13,. 348, 876 

13,300,818 

48,058 


25,0.8.8,527 

357,845 

24,730,682 


21,856,134 


15,362,726 

15,339,378 

21,744 


1,399 

267' 

14,408,240 

14,393,469 

14,771 


934,486 

943,907 

6,973 


123,350,315 


6,386,665 


4,208,814 

900 

16,538 


2,160,413 

6,139,02s 

3,968,697 

900 

16,538 


2,152,890 

247,640 
240,117 


7,523 

95,340 
68,790 


26,550 

116,868,310 

2,494,532 

114,373,778 


101,287,073 


2,988,056 
2,986,496 


2,916,978  I 
2,916,978 


71,078 
69,518 


1 

2 

3 
4 

S 
6 
7 
8 

9 

10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
IS 

16 
17 
IS 
19 
20 
21 
22 


24 

25 
26 
27 

28 
29 
30 


31 

32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 


39 
40 
41 
42 

.'  43 
!  44 
',     4a 

46 

I  48 
I  49 

:  so 

!  SI 
52 


1,560 

61,640  '  S3 
61,640  ;  54 
55 
S6 
57 


■I 


98,217,377   58 

2,212,352  I  59 

96,005,025  I  60 


3,271,499 


169, 172 
152,034 


73,893  ' 
57,355  ' 


16,538 


95,279 
93,279 


61 

63 
63 
84 
65 
66 
67 

ts 


70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 

76 
77 
78 
79 
80 
81 
83 


80 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 

Table  69.— ALL  VESSELS,  BY  CLASS,  OCCU- 


CLASS,  OCCUPATION,  AND  DIVISION. 

Number 
oJ  vessels. 

TONNAGE. 

RIGGED. 

HORSEPOWER  OF 
ENGINES. 

Gross. 

Net. 

Screw. 

Side 
wheel. 

Stem 
wheel. 

All 

other. 

Steam. 

Oasolinc. 

1 

Pacific  Coast  (including  Alaska) — Continued. 
Sail 

316 

264 

20 

29 

3 

1,673 

226,081 

220, 929 

4,041 

692 

519 

253,561 

204,143 

199, 466 

3,710 

474 

493 

240,379 

? 

Freight  and  passenger 

3 

4 

Yaclits 

n 

UisccllAneous............... 

A 

Unrigged 

7 

8 

1,673 
3,462 

253,501 
2,747,687 

240,379 
2,118,718 

9 

2,407 

35 

1 

1,052,072 

37,211 

in 

2,443 
910 
301 
43 
606 
459 
124 

1,362 
734 
254 
32 
209 
62 
81 

1,081 
176 
47 
11 
397 
407 
43 

162 
119 

2,  420,  U2U 
2,350,050 
19,590 
7, 2(4 
10, 196 
13, 124 
20,402 

2,404,763 
2,347,024 
19, 130 
7,049 
6,436 
6,3.53 
19, 771 

15,863 

3,026 

460 

215 

3,760 

7,771 

631 

145,450 
144,657 

1,813.442 
1, 767, 064 
11,122 
4,448 
7,513 
9,578 
13,  717 

1,800,567 
1, 7tH,  lao 
10,7.50 
4,278 
4,210 
3,500 
13,209 

12,875 

2,444 

372 

170 

3,303 

6,078 

608 

137,087 
136,372 

2, 407 
8S0 
300 
42 
606 
457 
122 

1,328 

704 

2.54 

31 

209 

51 

79 

1,079 

176 

46 

11 

397 

406 

43 

35 
30 

1 

1,052,072 
924,008 
55,563 
14,505 
15,702 
17,839 
24,395 

1,052,072 
924,068 
55,563 
14,505 
15,702 
17,839 
24,395 

37,211 
5,749 
1,402 

7,412 

20,liS4 

1,648 

11 

n 

Tugs  and  other  lowing  vessels...                     

1 

13 

14 

Fishing 

1>i 

Yachts 

2 
2 

34 
30 



1A 

17 

IS 

Freight  and  jjassenger 

10 

W 

1 

?1 

Fishing 

7? 

Yachts 

1 
2 

1 

7? 

74 

1 

37,211 

5,749 

1,402 

346 

7,412 

20,  (.54 
l,tW8 

71 

Freight  and  passenger 

7« 

1 

77 

Ferryboats 

7S 

Fistiing 

7<) 

Yachis'. 

1 

in 

11 

Sail 

17 

11 

Pishing 

14 

Y.Khts 

42 

1 

857 

495 
298 

181,611 

432 
283 

168, 189 

11 

Miscellaneous 

Ifi 

Unrigged 

17 

Canal  boats 

Ifl 

All  other  unrigged 

857 
7,247 

181,611 
1,621,587 

168, 189 
1.583,186 

611 

79 

1,017 

1 

189,326 

30,293 

1,708 
389 
736 
213 
8 
325 
37 

636 

162 

362 

71 

1 

12 

28 

1,072 
227 
374 
142 

7 
313 

9 

5,539 

120,055 
48,602 
49,865 
11,263 
92 
6.429 
3,804 

103,115 

43,162 

45,339 

9,155 

10 

1,941 

3,508 

16,940 
5,440 
4,526 
2,108 
82 
4,488 
296 

1,501,532 

105, 1S3 
44,4.56 
42,338 
9,951 
63 
4.906 
3,469 

91.023 

39.759 

38.576 

8,087 

7 

1.392 

3,202 

14.160 
4.697 
3,762 
1,864 
56 
3,514 
267 

1,478,003 

611 
128 
159 
44 

6 
267 

7 

105 

13 

80 

5 

1 
6 

79 
39 
10 
22 

6" 

2 

51 
33 
5 
11 

1,017 

222 

567 

146 

2 

52 

28 

479 
116 
277 
54 

1 

i' 

1 
i' 

189,326 
61,507 
106,212 
12,142 
12 
3.566 
5,887 

189,326 
61,507 
106.212 
12,143 
12 
3.568 
6,887 

30,293 
6,783 
9,469 
2,543 
173 
10,949 
376 

41 

Freight,  jind  pt^i'^eTigT     ,  ,    .             

40 

Tugs  and  ottior  towing  vessels                          

Fishing 

16 

Miscellaneous 

17 

Steam 

4S 

4<) 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels 

SO 

11 

Fishing 

1'> 

Yachts 

2' 

28 
6 
5 

11 

6 

6 
26 

538 

106 

290 

92 

2 

46 

2 

r«i 

M  j<uwllfineou.s 

11 

Motor 

506 

115 

79 

39 

5 

261 

7 

30,293 

6,7S3 
9,469 
2,543 

173 
10,949 

376 

fil 

Freight  f^nd  pa'^'Jenper 

,1fi 

S7 

Ferryboats 

1H 

Fish]Tlcr, 

Fi<) 

Yachts 

(V) 

MiseBllane/ina 

61 

Unrigged 

6? 

Canal  boats 

53 

All  other  unrigged 

5,539 
978 

1,501,532 
115,290 

1,478,003 

105.305 



54 

Canals  and  otherinland  waters  of  New  Yorkstate 

148 

3 

19 

12,687 

2,504 

6.1 

170 
70 
59 
3 
32 
6 

119 
56 
53 
8 
2 

51 
14 
6 
3 

24 

4 

11,603 

8,586 

2,085 

66 

671 

195 

10,103 

7,848 

2,015 

195 

45 

1,500 
738 
70 
66 
47S 
150 

7.636 

6,596 

1,385 

45 

458 

152 

6,568 

6,057 

1,328 

145 

38 

1,068 
539 
67 
4S 
313 
114 

148 
59 
51 

2 
31 

5 

102 

47 

4S 

8 

2 

46 
12 
6 
2 
23 
3 

3 
2 

i' 

2 
2 

19 
9 
8 

12,687 
6,513 
6,037 

2,504 
835 
203 
163 

1,003 
300 

66 

Freight  and  passenger 

67 

6S 

64 

Yachts 

1 
1 

15 
7 
8 

1,087 
60 

12,687 
6,513 
5,n37 
1,087 
50 

76 

71 

Steam 

77 

Freight  and  passenger    

73 

74 

Yachts 

7S 

76 

Motor 

1 

4 

2 

2,, 104 
835 
203 
163 

1,003 
300 

77 

78 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels 

79 

1 

sn 

Yachts 

1 
1 

81 

Miscellaneous 

UNITED  STATES. 


81 


PATION,  AND  DIVISION:  1916-Oontmued. 


coNSTsncnoN. 


UetaL 


Wood. 


281 
230 
20 
28 
3 

1,651 


Com- 
po;iile. 


Value  of 


$13,419,321 

13,169,036 

159,860 

71,123 

19,300 

8,063,288 


EMPLOTEES 
ON  VESSELS. 


TotaL 


t8, 409, 429 

8, 064,  iCiO 

343, 5C9 


1,300 
5,294,152 
'5'294'i52 


Freight.      |  Passenger. 


$7,727,579 

7,725,329 

2,230 


2,687,035 


.\II  other. 


$681,8.50 
3.39,031 
341,319 


1,300 
2,607,117 
'iJMTZ.'ii? 


Nnm. 
ber. 


3,974 

3,5.50 

412 

6 

6 

1,514 

"i.'sU' 


Wages. 


Number  of 

passengers 

carried. 


TBEIGHT  CABBIED  (IONS  OF 

2,000  pousDs;. 


Exclusive  of 
lighterage. 


$1,904,049 

1,674,058 

215,841 

6,123 

8,023 

1,134,551 


1,749,031 

1,748,2.1 

750 


Lighterage  or 
harbor  worl^. 


4,744,377 


3,102,327 
'3,'i62,'327 


10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 

17 
18 
19 
29 
21 
22 
23 

24 
23 
26 
27 
2S 
29 
30 


33 
34 

35 

36 
37 
38 


40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
43 
46 

47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 


54 

55 

56 
57 
58 
58 


61 
62 
63 


64 

65 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 

n 

72 
73 
74 
75 

76 
77 
78 
79 
80 
81 


867 


725 
317 
99 
U 
35 
29 
34 

705 
516 
98 
10 
33 
19 
29 

20 
1 
1 
1 
2 

10 


1,631 


2,562 


1,690 

373 

200 

32 

3<)9 
42S 


633 
199 
154 
22 
176 
32 
50 

1,057 
174 
46 
10 
393 
396 
38 

137 
94 


8,063,288 


175,956,392 


87,225,376 


70,382,512 


$6,881,689 


9,961,175 


28,680 


1,134,551 


19,582,781 


19,249,692 


4,744,377 


123,385,545 


163,447,221 
151,018,091 
3,602,554 
874,675 
1,190,866 
4,167,560 
2,593,475 

160,533,321 

150,694,473 

3,513,443 

842,225 

825,643 

2,178,295 

2,479,238 

2,913,897 
323,613 
89,109 
32, 4.50 
363.223 
1,989,203 
114,237 

4,3.51,257 
4,278,137 


81,634,794 
73,235,573 

2,523,183 
718,215 

2,129,489 


67,563,927 

67,551,432 

300 

5,917 

5,173 


6,881,689 
6,190,830 

2,095 

684,180 

2,684 


7,189,178 
1,493,313 
2, 520,  .588 
28,118 
2,121,632 


1,028,332 

80,455,254 
75,001,244 

2,4.58,1.59 
705,323 

1,333,195 


903  I 

67,475,839 

67,464,452 

500 

5,917 

4,005 


935,333 

1,179,540 

2M,331 

65,024 

12,  S92 

794, 294 


905 

88.088 
86,980 

"i'ios 


72,999 

1,611.810 
1,603,310 


1,592.510 
1,592,310 


1,900 

6,743,437 

6,072,032 

1,600 

671,505 

300 


1,025,327 

6,233,978 

1,454,760 

2,456,0.59 

27,901 

1,330,830 


136,252 

118,798 

495 

12,675 

2,384 


954,428 

935,200 
28,333 
64,  .529 

217 
790,802 


1,900 


71,099 

19.300 
10,800 


25,970 

21,022 

1,404 

312 

1,807 

600 

765 

24,502 

20,737 

1,354 

294 

1,070 

334 

693 

1,468 
265 

50 

18 

737 

326 

72 

878 
856 


17,976,903 
14,520,632 
1,187,304 
186,745 
949,562 
356,698 
775,962 

17,323,290 
14,438,201 
1, 163, 248 
181,474 
657,516 
173,721 
709,130 

653,613 

S2.431 
24,056 
5,271 
292,046 
182,977 
66,832 

464,581 
456,096 


19,249,692 

5,923,306 

6,805 

13,290,770 

18,011 


122,442,208 

122,439,866 

150 

689 

1,503 


10,800 

18,319,876 
3,231,864 

4,815 
13,081,997 

1,200 


122,396,430 

122,394,454 

1.50 

689 

1,137 


929,816 

691,442 

1,990 

208,773 

16, 811 


45,778 
45,412 


366 


10,800 


1,730,990 

1,730,990 


6,088,046 


3,227,187 

1,067,4.34 

900 


2, 158, 853 

3,145,904 

992,114 

900 


2,152,890 

81,283 
75,320 


5,963 

33,700 
7,150 


117 

'iif 


735 
'735 


70,150 
3,000 

8,137,884 


8,500 
3,978,772 
"3'978,'772 


1,226,075 
'i,'226,'675' 


8,500 
2,732,697 
2,' 752,"  697 


17 
5 

1,832 


5,425 
3,060 

1,141,297 


1,212,347 
1,212,347 


26,350 
2,827,139 
"2,  S27,  i59 


132 
30 
60 
18 


279 
'279 


6,804 


1,.562 
338 
668 
192 
8 
304 
32 

543 

145 

303 

39 

1 

9 

24 

1,019 
213 
363 
133 

7 
293 

8 

3.242 


32 


8,137,884 


23,044,903 


13,157,454 
4,  .531, 749 
.5,917,111 
1,014,950 
14,400 
1,206,1.53 
473,091 

10,870,444 

3,864,783 

5,377,020 

815,650 

1,500 

369, 500 

441,991 

2,287,010 
6')6,968 
540,091 
199,300 

12,900 
836,653 

31,100 

9,887,449 


17,465,856 


11,528,782 
5,312,501 
4,011,644 
1,060,470 
26,110 
11,058 
1,106,999 

10,141,656 

4,736,987 

3,460,427 

853,763 

2,050 

3,500 

1,084,929 

1,387,128 

575,514 

551,217 

206,707 

24,060 

7,3.58 

22,070 

6,937,074 

"s,'937,'674' 

2,138,557 


5,671,446 


2,404,703 


9,389,707 


1,832 


14,732 


1, 141, 297 


6,396,532 


17,599,378 


27,962,583 


3,488,625 

3,459,648 

28,979 


3, 128, 125 

3,104,037 

24,088 


360,500 

355,609 

4,891 


2,182,821 
'2,' 182,' 821' 

1, 146, 162 


2,319,071 

1,643,781 

43, 772 

631,113 


405 


2,025,548 

1,466,502 

33,995 

525,031 


293,523 

177,279 

9.777 

106,062 


405 


83,632 
"'85,' 632 

145,509 


3,721,086 

209,074 

3,938,893 

429,357 

26,110 

10,653 

1,106,999 

4,987,983 

166,448 

3,402,344 

328, 712 

2,050 

3,300 

1,084,929 

733,103 
42,626 
536,549 
100, 645 
24,060 
7,153 
22,070 

3,688,621 

"3",668","6"2"l" 

846,886 


12,535 

4,091 

7,361 

572 

28 

173 

312 

10,967 

3,563 

6,616 

394 

1 

74 

287 

1,368 
526 
715 
178 
23 
99 
25 

2,197 

"2,' 197' 


1,490 


5, 107, 908 

2, 123, 755 

2,301,009 

346,116 

16,227 

98,399 

222,402 

4,473,922 

1,916,493 

2,042,137 

272,241 

200 

34,399 

210, 432 

631,988 
207,262 
258,872 
73,875 
16,027 
64,000 
11,950 

1,288,644 


16, 3%,  431 

4,084,851 

119,870 

12,390,740 


970 


14,513,147 

3,  -'79, 819 

77,328 

11,156,000 


7,992,998 

7,982,683 

10,315 


7,752,419 

7, 746, 169 

6,250 


2,083,284 

805,032 

42,542 

1, 234, 740 


240,579 

236,514 

4,063 


970 


1,002,947 


12,206,844 


19,969,585   12,206,844 


.5,242 


148 
62 
49 

3 
29 

5 

104 
51 
43 


9,887,449 


2,837,239 


1,288,644 


590,788 


1,002,947 


457,351 


19,969,383    12,206,844 


1,120,762 


8 
2 

44 
11 
6 
3 
21 
i 

2 
2' 

1,291,796 
814,381 
274,263 

12,300 
139,450 

31,200 

1,040,286 

724,336 

263,300 

50,000 

2,450 

251,510 
90,045 
10,765 
12,500 

109,430 
28,750 


500,634 
280,338 
195,973 
18,331 


97,507 
97,507 


144, 709 
142,138 


5,992 

449,414 
261,233 
187,266 


2,571 


258,418 
40,693 

19.5, 973 
15,760 


86,061 
86,061 


134,827 
134,827 


5,992 

228,526 
40,345 
187,266 


915 

51,220 
19,105 
8,707 
18,331 


5,077 


11,446 
11,446  I 


9,882 
7,311 


2,571 


913 

29,892 

348 

8,707 

15,760 


0,077 


333 
309 
174 

8 
34 

8 

466 

2S3 

167 

15 

1 

67 
26 
7 
S 
19 
7 


193, 163 
94,330 
81,324 

3,  .593 
11,806 

3,830 

174,173 

88.034 

78,474 

6,913 

730 

20,990 
6,496 
2,850 
3,593 
4,951 
3,100 


449,351 

402,  .S39 


4(5,312 


78,352 
78,352 


376,781 
370,781 


76,518 
76,518 


72.370 
26,058 


1,834 
1,834 


46,312 


296,982 


2,230 
2,250 


2.250 
2.23.1 


116515°— 20 


82 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 

Table  69.— ALL  \'ESSELS,  BY  CLASS,  OCCU- 


10 

11 

12 
13 
14 

15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 

21 
22 
23 
24 
85 
28 
27 

28 
29 

30 
31 
32 


CLASS,  OCCUPATION,  AND  DIVISION. 


Canals  and   other  inland  waters  of  Ne7  York   state- 
Continued. 

Sail 

Freight  and  passenger 

Yachts 

Unrigged 

Canal  boats 

All  other  unrigged 

All  other  inland  waters 

Steam  and  motor 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels 

Ferryboats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 

Steam 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels 

Ferryboats 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous , 

Motor , 

Freight  and  passenger , 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels 

Ferryboats 

Fishing , 

Yachts , 

Miscellaneous 

Sail 

Freight  and  passenger 

Unrigged 

Canal  boats 

All  other  unrigged 


Number 
of  vessels. 


4 
1 
3 

804 
651 
153 


1,074 


407 

190 

95 

14 

3 


221 

107 

85 

6 

U 

12 

186 
83 
10 
8 
3 
78 
4 

1 

1 

666 
405 
261 


Gross. 


150 
30 

120 

103,537 
84,696 
18,841 


81,172 


16,2S9 

10, 360 

3.873 

437 

36 

1,213 

370 

13,804 

9,220 

3,747 

278 

259 

300 

2.485 
1,140 
126 
159 
36 
954 
70 

108 
108 

64,775 
49,694 
15.081 


Net. 


140 
25 
115 

97,529 
79, 167 
18,362 


70,905 


10,853 

6,804 

2,538 

363 

29 

893 

226 

8,932 

5,921 

2,438 

226 

171 

176 

1,921 
883 
100 
137 

29 
722 

50 

101 
101 

59,951 
46,003 
13,948 


319 


319 
159 
70 
6 
3 
79 
2 

164 
92 
61 
2 


155 
67 
9 
4 
3 
70 
2 


Side 
wheel. 


Stem 
wheel. 


77 


All 
other. 


H0E8EP0WER  OF 
ENGINES. 


Steam. 


22,473 


22,473 

15,. Wl 

5.896 

214 


674 
198 

22,473 

15,591 

5,896 

214 

574 

198 


Gasoline. 


5,476 


5,476 

2,861 

350 

209 

55 

1,954 

47 


5,476 

2,861 

350 

209 

55 

1,954 

47 


UNITED  STATES. 


83 


PATION,  AND   DI\T;SI0X:  1916— Continued. 


CONSTBUCnOH. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

tSCOKZ. 

EMPLOTEES 
ON  VESSELS. 

Number  of 

passengers 

carried. 

FBEIGBT  CAERIED  (TONS  OF 

2,000  pouxDs;. 

MetaL 

Wood. 

Com- 
posite. 

TotaL 

1 

Freight. 

Passenger. 

All  other. 

Nnm- 
ber. 

Wages. 

Exclusive  of 
lighterage. 

Lighterage  or 
harbor  work. 

1 

i 

25 

4 
1 
3 

803 
651 
152 

1,040 

9 

S7,IW 

200 

6,950 

1,5.58,293 
974,095 
584,198 

2,890,847 

S5.50 
550 

$550 
550 

3 

1 
2 

954 
618 
336 

1,684 

$1,100 

100 

1,000 

394,525 
223,401 
171, 124 

678, 107 

770 
770 

I 

7 

!< 

1,637,373 

1,093,534 

543,819 

2,053,766 

1,048,105 

1,027,814 

20,291 

838,027 

S800 

$588,468 

65,740 

522,728 

713,156 

8,000 

1,0(1,640 
989,740 
51,900 

1,421,864 

294,732 
242,180 
52,552 

219,871 

4 

800 
482,583 

8,000 
1,547,685 

6. 

r 

19 
14 

3 

1 

i' 

17 
12 
3 
1 
1 

2 
2 

6 
6 

379 

168 

91 

13 

3 

88 
16 

195 
87 
81 
S 
10 
12 

184 
81 
10 
8 
3 
78 
4 

1 
1 

660 
405 
255 

9 
8 
1 

9 
8 

1 

2,069,490 

1,406,546 

407,425 

52,230 

3,600 

183,819 

15,850 

1,712,397 

1,247,372 

382,525 

34,850 

35,100 

12,550 

357,093 
159, 174 
24,900 
17,400 
3,600 
148,719 
3,300 

1,500 
1,500 

819,857 
314,220 
505,637 

1,065,706 

693,437 

301,973 

39,848 

12,»42 

1,010 

16,596 

903,838 

576,059 

289,836 

21,767 

197,929 

161, 176 

27,891 

8,637 

482,502 
4«,6«7 

385,275 
67,  .574 

274,082 

13,291 

12,842 

890 

16,596 

33.5,220 

54,020 

261,945 

3,059 

9S4 

596 

294 

16 

6 

38 

34 

825 
499 
281 
10 
10 
25 

159 
97 
13 
6 
6 
28 
9 

2 
2 

698 
439 
259 

398,437 
213,719 
146,918 
9,476 
5,010 
13,260 
10,054 

343,966 

182,979 

141,491 

6,857 

3,970 

8,669 

54,471 

30,740 
5,427 
2,619 
6,010 
9,290 
1,385 

180 
180 

279,490 
108,649 
170,841 

1,. 544, 885 
1,420,972 

118,717 

89,179 

29,147 

381 

ft 

» 

10. 

17,720 

123,656 

11 

12 

25" 

95 

257 

10 

K 

14 

170,227 
134,499 

27,891 
7,837 

398,411 

387,540 

1,270,008 
1,161,918 

109,326 

80,133 

29,147 

46 

IS 

in 

lb 

10,871 

108,090 

1R 

19 

16,196 

161,848 
117,378 
12,137 
18,081 
12,842 
1,010 
400 

600 
600 

987,460 
491, 727 
495,733 

16,196 

60,055 
13,554 
12, 137 
10,232 
12,842 
890 
400 

2Q.' 

27,702 
26,677 

84,091 
77,147 

274,877 
259,064 

9,391 
9,046 

7T 

n 

23 

1,000 

6,849 

15,566 

335 

24 

2S 

25 

95 

257 

10 

?f> 

fl 

600 
600 

659,498 

485,989 
173,509 

1,150 
1,150 

1,301,997 
837,791 
464,206 

2S: 

2a> 

81 

327,881 

5,738 

322,143 

2,800 

219,871 
40,000 
179,871 

30 
31 

81 

2,800 

32 

84 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  70.— ALL  VESSELS,  BY  CLASS,  OWNERSHIP,  AND  DIVISION:  1916. 


CLASS,   OWNERSHIP,   AND  DIVISION. 


Aggregate 

Individual 

Firm 

Incorporated  company . 
All  other 


Steam  and  motor 

Individual 

Firm 

Incorporated  company . 
Allotlier 


Steam 

Individual 

Firm 

Incorporated  company . 
All  other 


Motor 

Individual 

Firm 

Incorporated  company. 
Another 


SaU. 


Individual 

Firm 

Incorporated  company . 
AUotner 


Unrigged 

Individual 

Firm 

Incorporated  company . 
Allotner 


Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico . 

Individual 

Firm 

Incorporated  company 

All  otner 


Steam  and  motor 

Individual 

Firm 

Incorporated  company. 
All  other 


Steam 

Individual 

Firm 

Incorporated  company. 
Allotner 


Motor 

Individual 

Firm 

Incorporated  company . 
All  otner .*, . 


Sail. 


Individual 

Finn 

Incorporated  company . 
All  other 


Unrigged 

Individual 

Firm 

Incorporated  company . 
All  other 


Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska) . 

Individual 

Firm 

Incorporated  company 

Allotner .' 


Steam  and  motor 

Individual 

Firm.'. 

Incorporated  company . 
Another 


Steam 

Individual 

Firm 

Incorporated  company . 
All  otner 


Motor 

Individual 

Firm 

Incorporated  company . 
Allotner 


Number 
of  vessels. 


43,110 

16,436 

•1,247 

21,791 

636 


18,059 
9,442 
1,S02 
6,507 


6,532 
1,216 

511 
4,63S 

167 

11,527 

8,226 

1,291 

1,S69 

141 

4,740 

2,989 

638 

1,045 

68 

20,311 

4,005 

1,807 

14,239 

260 


Oross 
tonnage. 


12,395,236 
1,262,136 

572,013 
10,4.il,023 

110,064 


25,387 
10,859 
2,633 
11,515 
380 


10,358 

5,940 

930 

3,295 

193 

3,396 
629 
226 

2,437 
104 

6,962 

5,311 

704 

85S 

89 

4,257 

2,796 

600 

S04 

67 

10,772 
2,123 
1,103 
7,416 
130 


4,962 

1,578 

417 

2,904 

63 


6,194,243 
288,831 

78, 108 
5,777,486 

49, 818 

5,943,388 
153,326 

54,102 
5,691,775 

44,185 

250,855 

135,505 

24,006 

85,711 

6,633 

1,219,739 

250,661 
149,832 
796,599 
22,647 

4,981,254 

722,644 

344,073 

3,876,938 

37,699 


6,614,197 
829,545 
454,926 

6, 249, 722 
80,004 


2,890,009 
170,933 

31,520 
2,649,285 

38,271 

2,734,189 
82,433 
18,797 

2,698,480 
34,479 

165,820 
SS,500 
12,723 
60,805 
3,792 

847,950 
203,549 
138, 770 
489,996 
15,635 

2,876,238 
455,063 
284,636 

2,110,441 
26,098 


1,215,303 
82, 869 
33,497 

1,081,793 
17,144 


CONSTEUCTIOS. 


Metal. 


3.370 
342 

86 

2,861 

81 


2,531 

289 

64 

2,100 


2,362 
209 

46 
2,040 

67 

169 
80 
18 
60 
11 

157 

23 

3 

131 


2,973 

1,295 

262 

1,3S4 

32 

798 
68 
35 

678 
17 

2,175 

1,227 

227 

706 

15 


735,661 
38,625 
17,036 

674,133 
5,867 

677,414 
15,629 
10,389 

646,602 
4,794 

68,247 
22,996 

8,647 
27,531 

1,073 


682 
30 
19 

630 
3 


Wood 


39,619 

16,045 

4,153 

18, 868 

653 


15,441 
9.123 


4,101 
994 

463 
2,546 


11,340 

8,129 

1,273 

1,808 

130 

4,573 

2,957 

634 

914 

68 

19,605 
3,965 
1,7R3 

13,600 
257 


1,791 
211 

37 
1,490 

53 


1,436 
178 

25 
1,180 

53 

1,357 
143 

21 
1,149 

44 

79 

35 

4 

31 


257 

12 

9 

236 


257 

10 

3 

237 

7 


3 

185 
6 

188 
7 
2 

172 
5 

15. 
1 
1 

13 


23,557 

10,626 

2,. 595 

10,009 

327 


8,893 
6,748 

905 
2,100 

140 

2,017 
479 
205 

1,273 
60 

6,878 

5,269 

700 

827 

80 


10,514 

2,111 

1,094 

7,179 

130 


4,701 

1,667 

414 

2,665 

55 


2,709 

1,2,87 

259 

1,197 

26 

609 
61 
33 

504 
11 

2,160 

1,226 

226 

693 

16 


Com- 
posite.' 


121 

49 

S 

62 

2 


Value  of 
vessels. 


0  ross 
inL'omc. 


$979,388,633 

78,9,53,753 

23,535,842 

8ia,823,482 

13,075,556 


818,065,866 
66,140,474 

9,893,168 
743,403,867 

9,628,357 

772,054,054 
29.560,693 

0,. 590, 706 
727,690,925 

8,211,730 

46,011,812 
25.579,781 

3,302,462 
15,712,912 

1,416,627 

64,103,007 
13,472,737 

6,581,622 
42,820,662 

1,227,986 

97, 219, 760 
10,340,542 

7,061,0.52 
"7,598,9.53 

2,219,213 


642,114,328 
56,434,^31 
16,524,600 

660, 503,. 594 
8,651,303 


527,057,790 
37,048,812 

4,682.536 
477,717,020 

7,009,422 

498,229,447 
20,183,664 

2,927,959 
469,258,072 

5,859,762 

28,828,343 

17,465,148 

1,754,577 

8,458,948 

1,149,670 

46,323,549 

11,410,462 

6,151,022 

27,903,479 

857, 986 

68,732,989 
7,375,557 
5,690,442 

64,883,095 
783,896 


132,524,924 
8,903,828 
3,472,065 

117,802,955 
2,346,076 


111,042,115 
6,863,293 
2,596,305 

100,647,990 
1,034,627 

99,668,156 
2,923,037 
1,602,200 

94,263,717 
889, 202 

11,373,959 
3,940,256 

994, 105 
6,294,273 

145,325 


$589,124,&87 

41,603,671 

22,417,573 

521,165,117 

3,938,628 


4*14,331,090 
21,941,534 

9,498,046 
430,961,7,57 

1,929,753 

440,661,053 
10,511,325 

6,86.5,934 
422.154,207 

1,829,587 

23,770,037 
11,430,209 
3.132,112 
8, 607,. 5.50 
100,168 

45,842,898 
11,379,011 

7,378,448 
26.006,557 

1,078,882 

78,950,899 
8,283,026 
5,. 54 1,079 

64,196,803 
929,991 


EMPLOYEES  ON 
VESSELS. 


Number. 


179, 276 
36,660 
11,698 

127,535 
3,3.83 


395,211,148 
27,62.5,759 
16,210,110 

34S,729,,530 
2,  MS,  749 


298,274,571 
12,081, 1S3 

4.132,049 
279,968,636 

1,592,703 

285,024,224 
6,478,134 
2,419,777 

275,594,226 
1,532,087 

13,250,347 
6,603,049 
2,212,272 
4,374,410 
60, 616 

35, 820,  .509 
9,681,400 
6,902,194 

18,485,-597 
751,318 

61,116,068 
5,863,178 
4,675,867 

50,275,297 
301,728 


85,030,184 
6,141,862 
2,794,644 

75,247,588 
846,090 


71,326,603 
4,693,443 
2,305,085 

64,105,110 
222,966 

63,586,847 
1,456,937 
1,376,861 

60,554.906 
197,943 

7,739,958 

3,236,506 

928, 224 

3,5.50,204 

25,032 


132,965 
22,838 

6,4.53 
101.382 

2,292 

108, 788 

8,937 

3,266 

94,821 

1,762 

24,179 
13,901 
3,187 
6,561 
630 

23,629 
10,372 
3,177 
9,4.10 
650 

22, 782 
3,4.50 
2,068 

16,723 
541 


Wages. 


$115, 110,  .891 

17,386,852 

7,003,368 

87,558,362 

3,162,309 


89,358,051 
11,730,913 

4,028,077 
71,1.38,698 

2,460,363 

77,103,632 
6,487,944 
2,287,541 

67,450,404 
1,877,743 

12,264,419 

6,242,989 

1,740,636 

3,888,294 

682,620 

10,882,997 
3,895,584 
1,812,710 
4., 81 1,481 
363,222 

14,869,843 
1,760,365 
1,162,581 

11,608,183 
338, 724 


104,224 

25,748 
7,812 

68,538 
2, 128 


67,378,700 
11,.'<36,0,S2 

4,744,621 
48,756,414 

2,041,683 


69, 965 
14,019 

3,297 
61,034 

1,615 

56,451 
5,123 
1,307 

47,770 
1,191 

14,514 

8,898 

1,930 

3,264 

424 

13,672 
9,523 
2,974 
5,731 
444 

15,587 
2,206 
1,541 

11,771 


28, 466 
4,458 
1,359 

22, 105 
644 


212,978 
3,746 
1,130 

17,871 
231 

18,575 
721 
353 

16,299 
197 

6,403 

3,025 

772 

2,572 

34 


4.8,234,277 
7, 173, 139 
2,147,996 

37, 203,. 879 
1,709,263 

40,974,721 
3,326,863 
1,040,830 

35, 396,, 801 
'1,210,227 

7,259,556 
3,846,276 
1,107,168 
1,807,078 
499,036 

8,513,087 
3,441,453 
1,678,019 
3,105,257 
288,358 

10,631,336 

1,221,490 

918,606 

8,447,278 

43,962 


Number 
0/  pas- 
sengers 
carried. 


331,608,614 
10,644,870 
2,695,938 

291,503,129 
20,764,677 


330,464,460 
10,1,58,808 
2,621,164 

291,023,421 
26,651,077 

321,770,485 

6,874,334 

1,968,937 

287,556,914 

26,370,300 

8,683,975 
4,284,474 

&52,217 
3,466,507 

280,777 

867 

637 

320 

10 


1,153,287 

485,625 

74,484 

479,698 

113,600 


237,346,627 

4,467,341 

358,716 

208,588,394 

23,931,176 

237,205,220 

4,466,804 

358,396 

208,448,844 

23,931,178 

234,491,468 

3,097,4S0 

244,653 

207,237,129 

23,912,206 

2,713,752 

1,369,324 

113,743 

1,211,716 

18,970 

867 

637 

320 

10 


139,540 


139,640 


55,408,881 

947,817 

295,388 

51,566,805 

2,599,091 

56,408,881 
947,617 
295,368 

61,566,806 
2,599,091 

62,799,206 
170,628 
182,302 

49,989,881 
2,458,394 

2,609,678 
776,989 
113,066 

1,576,924 
142,697 


'  Includes  one  concrete  scow. 


UNITED  STATES. 

Table  70.— ALL  VESSELS,  BY  CLASS,  OWNERSHIP,  AND  DIVISION:  1916— Continued. 


85 


Number 
of  vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

CONSTKUCnON. 

Value  o( 
vessels. 

Gross 
income. 

EMPIOTEES  OS 
VESSELS. 

Number 

CLASS,   OWNERSHIP,   AXD  DIVISION. 

Metal. 

Woo.l. 

Com- 
posite. 

Number. 

Wages 

iseniiers 
carried. 

Pacific  coast  (including  Alaska)— Continued. 
Sail                                                      

316 
113 

26 
166 

11 

1,673 
170 
129 

1,354 

20 

3,462 

1,218 

3ri2 

1,829 

63 

226,081 
32,452 

8,508 
178. 109 

7,012 

253,  .561 
11,792 

7,9.53 
229,551 

4,265 

2,747,687 
79,  .544 
25,430 

2,637.024 
S,6S9 

34 
2 

32' 

22 

26" 

2 

867 
57 
23 

771 
16 

281 
110 

26 
134 

11 

1,651 
170 
129 

1,334 

18 

2,562 

1, 1.55 

338 

1,033 

36 

1 
1 

33 
6 
1 

25 
1 

»13,419,521 

1,783,725 

390,000 

10,875,796 

370,000 

8,063,288 
256,810 
485,760 

6,379, 169 
941,549 

175,956,392 
7,520,788 
1,636,755 

165,379,238 
1,419,611 

$8,409,429 
1,292,956 

3.82,665 
6,406,244 

327,564 

5,294,152 
155,463 
106,894 

4,736,234 
295,561 

87,225,376 
3,217,561 
1,S,52,2',)0 

81,991,310 
161,215 

3,974 
635 
157 

3,076 
106 

1,514 
77 
72 

1,168 
207 

28,6.80 
2,993 
1,221 

24,082 
384 

$1,904,049 

350.974 

107,6.-,6 

1,370,.5.W 

74,864 

1,134,551 
50,648 
29,979 
896,875  1 
157,049 

19,582,781 
1,4*1,218  1 

707,616  1 
16,916,231 

431,683  ' 

Firm                                                                          .... 

Finn 

All  other 

19,249,692 

Individual                                  

1,632,913 

Firm 

538.756 
17,066,723 

All  other                     "                   

11,300 

Steam  and  motor .                            

2,143 

1,001 

303 

1,041 

38 

1,302 
252 
l.iO 
937 
23 

1,081 

809 

153 

104 

15 

162 
75 
12 
75 

857 
82 
47 

713 
15 

7,247 

1,858 

618 

4,731 

40 

2,420,626 
48,306 
19, 400 

2,349.239 
3,6S1 

2,404,763 
36.235 
17,565 

2,347,536 
3,427 

15,8a3 
12,071 

i,xa 

1,703 
254 

145,450 

14,402 

2,. 554 

128,494 

181,611 
16,833 

3,476 
159.291 

2,008 

1,621,587 

182,148 

46,446 

1,390,915 

2,078 

725 
52 
22 

636 
15 

705 
38 
19 

633 
15 

20 
14 
3 
3 

25 

25' 

117 
5 
1 

110 

1 

411 
51 
22 

334 
4 

1,690 

1,003 

280 

3.85 

22 

633 
211 
130 

28.5 
7 

1,057 

792 

150 

100 

15 

137 
75 
12 
50 

735 
77 
46 

598 
14 

6,804 

1,789 

590 

4,389 

36 

28 
6 
1 

20 
1 

24 
3 
1 

19 
1 

4 
3 

i' 

5 
5' 

32 

18 
6 
8 

163,447,221 
6,917,220 
1,477,250 

153,7«3,30(l 
1,269,442 

160,  .533, 324 

4,481.405 

1,250,140 

153,572,669 

1,229,110 

2,913,897 

2,435,815 

227,110 

210,640 

40,332 

4,.^51,2.87 

20'.I,9I» 

40,000 

4,041,387 

8,157,884 
333,668 
119,505 

7,554,542 
160, 169 

23,044,903 
4,349,914 
1,. 558, 622 

16,704,919 
431,448 

81,634,794 
2,492,948 
1,649,259 

77,445,662 
46,925 

80,4.5.5,254 
l,772,sno 
1,418,416 

77,222,323 
41,685 

1,179,540 

720, 148 

230,813 

223.339 

5,240 

1,611, .810 

403,505 

93,. 5.89 

1,114,716 

3,978,772 
321,108 
109,442 

3,430,9.32 
117,290 

17,46.5,8.56 
3,334,951 
1,297,318 

12,  713, 863 
119,724 

25,970 
2,549 
1,086 

22.027 
308 

24,. 502 
1.524 

890 
21,819 

269 

1,468 

1,025 

196 

208 

39 

878 

209 

46 

623 

1,832 
235 

89 
1,432 

76 

14,732 
2,531 

1,10s 

10,953 

1:0 

17,976,003 
1,287,028 

613,585 
15,643,828 

402,464 

17,323,290 

im,  165 

662,717 

15,536,294 

366, 114 

653,613 
428,861 

80,868 
107,534 

36,350 

464, .581 

101,877 

27,a35 

335,669 

1,141,297 

105,315 

37.026 

966,7.37 

32,219 

6,396,552 

1,179,273 

495,310 

4,629,216 

92,753 

19,249,692 

1,632,913 

Firm 

538,766 

17,066,723 

AH  other .' 

11,300 

Steam 

18,319,876 

888,909 

Firm.                                               .     ..; 

478, 136 

16,952,331 

AliotW.                        

500 

^fotor..  ..              

929,816 

Individual                                         

744.004 

60,620 

114,392 

All  otner                     "                   

10,800 

SaU 

Firm 



Finn 



All  other 

....'. 

Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaric!            

17,599,378 

3,236,303 

Firm                                                          

1,135,038 

12,710,127 

217,910 

Steam  and  motor .                

1,708 

867 

247 

573 

21 

636 

151 

72 

408 

5 

1,072 

716 

175 

165 

16 

5,539 
991 
371 

4,1,58 
19 

978 
042 

41 
218 

77 

120,055 
23,016 

8,856 
86,949 

1,234 

103,115 

13,332 

6,486 

82,372 

925 

16,910 

9,  l'.S4 

2,370 

4,. 577 

309 

1,. 501,  .532 

1.59, 132 

37,  .590 

1,303,966 

844 

115,290 
74,727 

4,704 
31,417 

4,382 

11,003 

4,314 

ISO 

6,  ,5,82 

497 

10,103 
3  746 

125 
5,873 

359 

1,500 

598 

55 

709 

138 

132 

41 

13 

71 

4 

84 

12 

4 

66 

? 
48 
29 
9 
8 
2 

279 

10 

9 

260 

19 
8 
1 

10 

1,562 

818 

233 

494 

17 

543 

136 

67 

337 

3 

1,019 

6S2 

166 

157 

14 

5, 242 
971 
357 

3,895 
19 

9.55 

632 

40 

20'o 

14 

8 
1 
5 

9 
3 

5 

5 

5 

18 
10 
5 
3 

4 

2 

2' 

13, 157, 454 

2,942,465 

1,022,727 

8,979,101 

213, 158 

10,  .870, 444 
1,562,137 

7.52, 757 
8,391,942 

163,608 

2,287,010 

1,380,328 

269,970 

687. 162 

49,550 

9, 887, 449 
1,407,449 

535, 895 
7,725,815 

218,290 

2, 857, 239 
1,194,398 

19ti,  200 
1,337,631 

129,010 

11,  .528,  782 

2,3.53,6S5 

811,440 

,8,3I.5,7.'<0 

17,877 

10, 141,a56 

1, 5S4, 870 

590,350 

7, 9.53, 748 

12,6S8 

1,387,126 

708,815 

221, «« 

392,032 

5,189 

5,937,074 

981,266 

485,878 

4,368,083 

101,  .847 

2, 13.8,  .557 
1,0.35,008 

87,829 
938, 2S7 

77, 433 

12,  .5.35 

2,126 

837 

9,606 

66 

10,967 

1,2K4 

0.83 

9,054 

46 

1,56.8 

812 

254 

452 

20 

2,197 
405 
271 

1,417 
74 

1,490 
651 
5S 
667 
114 

5,107,908 
983,640 
351,544 

3,721,311 
51,413 

4,475,922 
045,957 
269,905 

3,  .524, 626 
35,  434 

631,986 
337,083 

81,l39 
196, 685 

1.5,979 

1,288,644 

19.5, 633 

143,766 

907,905 

41,340 

590,7.88 
240,877 

17,936 
264,829 

67, 146 

16,596,431, 

2,761,578 

1,360,574 

12,  .369, 969 

Allotlier 

101,310 

14,. 513, 147 

1,572,038 

1,046,454 

11,894,655 

Another 

Motor 

2,053,284 

Individual                                                    - . . . 

1, 189, 540 

314,120 

475,314 

All  other 

104,310 

1,002,947 

InHiviHiinl 

474,725 

Firm 

74,464 

Incorporated  company                   

340,158 

All  other 

113,600 

Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York  state. . 

4.57,351 
08,612 

Firm.                                       

1,050 

387,689 

Another 

Steam  and  motor 

170 
91 
9 
53 
14 

119 
(-.2 
5 
41 
11 

51 
32 

4 
12 

3 

18 
8 
1 
9 

13 

7 

6' 

5 
1 
1 
3 

148 
84 
8 
42 
14 

104 

55 

5 

33 

11 

44 
29 
3 
9 
3 

4 
2 

2" 

2 
2" 

2 

2 

1,291,796 
383,20.5 

20,  ,500 
829,331 

58,700 

1,040,286 
253,550 

11,500 
742,286 

32,950 

251,. 510 
129.715 
9.000 
.87,015 
25,750 

500,631 
151,355 

23,519 
297, 187 

25,573 

449,414 
130, 117 

17,825 
279,476 

21,996 

.51,220 
24,238 

.5,694 
17.711 

3,577 

533 
210 

23 
2I-.5 

35 

466 
1.80 

16 
241 

29 

67 
30 

7 
24 

6 

195, 163 
81,996 
10,600 
81,390 
21,277 

174,173 
71,852 
8,4,85 
74,959 
18,877 

20,990 
10,144 
2,015 
6,431 
2,400 

449,351 

60,612 

Firm 

1,050 

TnnnrpnrfltoH  fnmpnnv 

387,689 

All  otner 

376,781 

Individual .                        

13,600 

Incorporated  company      

363,181 

All  other 

Motor 

72,570 

47,012 

Firm           .                        

1,050 

Incorporated  company 

24,50S 

Another ." 

86 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 

Table  70.— ALL  VESSELS,  BY  CLASS,  OWNERSHIP,  AND  DIVISION:  191G-Contimied. 


Number 
of  vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

CONSTBDCnON. 

Value  of 

vessels. 

Cross       1 
income. 

EMPLOTEBS  ON 
VESSELS. 

Number 
ot  pas- 
sengers 
carried. 

CLASS,  OWNEESHIP,  .VND  I>I^^SION. 

Metal. 

Wood. 

Com- 
posite. 

Number. 

Wages. 

Canals  and  other  inland  waters  o(  New  York  state- 
Continued. 
Sail 

4 
4 

SO* 
544 

32 
165 

63 

1,074 

281 

176 

594 

23 

150 
150 

103,537 

70,233 

4,584 

24,835 

3,885 

81,172 

13,303 

6,950 

60, 152 

767 

1 

i' 

25 
5 

19' 

1 

4 

4 

803 
644 

32 
164 

63 

1,040 
276 
176 
566 
22 



9 

9' 

t7, 1.30 
7,150 

1,  .358, 293 

803, 9^3 

175,  700 

508,300 

70,310 

2,890,847 
549,994 
147,  IXW 

2,095,  U5 
98,108 

$550 
550 

1,637,373 
880,103 

64,310 
611,100 

51,860 

2,053,766 
248, 430 
175,382 

1,544,539 
85,415 

3 
3 

954 
438 

35 
403 

79 

1,684 
279 
140 

1,192 
73 

$1,100 
1,100 

394,525 

157,781 

7,436 

183,439 

45,869 

678,107 
97,706 
54,013 

495,733 
30,655 

Individual 

Unrieced    

8,000 
8,000 

lndi\idual                

Firm       

All  otber 

All  other  inland  waters 

1,347,685 
292,084 

Firm 

67  010 

Tnpnrpnrfttpd  mmpanv 

1  183  391 

All  other ." 

'     5' 200 

407 
185 

51 
161 

10 

221 
54 

23 

137 

7 

186 
131 
23 
24 
3 

1 
i 

666 
95 
123 
433 
13 

16,289 
3,607 
1,116 

11,293 
263 

13,804 
1,951 

740 
10,912 

201 

2,485 

1,6.t6 

376 

386 

67 

108 
108 

84,775 
9,583 
5,834 

48,8.54 
499 

19 
2 

ie' 

1 

17 
2 

ii' 

1 

3 
2' 

6 
3 

3' 

3T9 

183 

51 

136 

9 

195 
52 
23 

114 
6 

184 
131 
28 
22 
3 

1 
1 

660 

92 

125 

430 

13 

9 
9' 

9 
9" 

2,069,490 
385,419 

93,  S.30 
1,547,113 

43,108 

1,712,397 

156,900 

40, 150 

1,472,239 

37,103 

357,093 

22<,519 
47,700 
74, 874 
6,000 

1,500 
1,500 

819,  ,857 
163,075 

53,730 
548,032 

55,000 

1,065,706 
165,920 

70, 694 
799, 3S2 

23,710 

903,853 
88,  467 
42, 675 

749,528 
23,183 

161,848 
77,453 
34,019 

49,  .8.54 
522 

600 
600 

987,  460 
81,910 
98,683 

745,157 
61,703 

984 
188 

80 
679 

37 

825 
105 

52 
638 

30 

159 
83 
28 
41 
7 

2 
2 

698 
89 
60 

513 
36 

398,437 
68,038 
28,245 

289,784 
12,370 

343,966 
41,030 

19, 195 

274,236 

9,505 

54,471 
27,0OS 

9,0.30 
15,543 

2,865 

180 
ISO 

279,490 

29,488 

2.5,7f>8 

203,919 

18,285 

1  544,885 

289,284 
67,010 

Firm 

Incorporated  company 

1,183,391 
5  200 

All  other 

1,270,008 
131  679 

17,392 

1,119,737 

1,200 

Incorporated  company 

Another 

274,877 

157  605 

Firm 

49  618 

63'  654 

All  other    '                    

4  000 

Sail                                                         

Unrieeed 

2,800 
2,800 

Individual                            

Tncnrpnrntpfl  rnmpftny 

All  Other 

ATLANTIC  COAST 
AND  GULF  OF  MEXICO 


87 


ATLANTIC  COAST  AND  GULF  OF  MEXICO. 


By  Frederic  G.  Swett. 


SCOPE   OF   THE   REPORT. 

This  section  of  the  report  on  water  transportation 
covers  statistics  relating  primarily  to  vessels  engaged 
in  the  maritime  commerce  of  the  ports  of  the  Atlantic 
coast  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  general  report  on 
water  transportation  by  American  owned  craft  for 
the  United  States  has  been  divided  into  five  geogi-aphic 
divisions.  The  vessels  reported  as  employed  in  the 
coastwise  and  foreign  commerce  of  the  Atlantic  coast 
and  Gulf  of  Mexico  division  represented  57.2  per 
cent  of  the  total  number  of  vessels  reported  for  the 
coimtry  as  a  whole,  53.1  per  cent  of  the  total  gross 
tonnage,  and  65.5  per  cent  of  their  total  value. 

USES   OF   THE    WORDS    "TON"    AND   "tONXAGE." 

In  the  tables  and  in  the  tliscussion  which  follow, 
the  word  tonnage  is  used  frequently  and,  of  neces- 
sity, with  different  meanings.  As  a  rule  in  this 
report  the  capacity  of  vessels  is  expressed  in  gross 
tonnage;  a  few  references,  however,  are  made  to  net 
tonnage.  It  will  be  imderstood  that  the  gross  register 
tonnage  of  a  vessel  is  obtained  l)y  dividing  the  number 
of  cubic  feet  in  the  capacity  of  the  ship  by  100,  since 
a  vessel  has  1  gross  ton  for  each  100  cubic  feet  capacity. 
The  net  register  toimage  is  obtained  by  dividing  by 
100  the  capacity  in  cubic  feet  of  the  space  available 
for  cargo  and  passengers,  this  space  being  found  by 
deducting  from  the  entire  capacity  of  the  ship  the 
space  occupied  by  machinery,  by  accommodations  for 
the  crew,  and  by  certain  other  housings  which  are 
carefully  designated  by  law. 


Freight  charges  on  coastwise  traffic  are  generally 
based  on  the  100-pound  basis,  although  for  a  part  of 
our  coastwise  commerce  rates  are  based  upon  other 
quantity  units,  such  as  barrels,  bushels,  and  bales,  and 
not  upon  the  hundredweight  or  ton.  In  the  case  of 
pig  iron,  steel  rails,  coal,  and  most  other  commodities 
of  like  nature,  the  freight  rates  are  on  a  per  ton  basis 
of  2,240  pounds.  Tliere  are  some  few  exceptions,  as, 
for  instance,  in  the  rates  on  clay,  where  a  ton  of  2,000 
pounds  is  understood  to  apply.  There  are  other 
cases  where  freight  rates  are  based  on  so  much  per 
package,  as,  for  instance,  oil  in  barrels,  fruits  and 
vegetables,  etc. ;  in  the  case  of  lumber,  freight  rates 
are  based  on  so  much  per  1,000  feet.  Aside  from  such 
special  cases,  however,  the  general  basis  is  per  100 
poimds,  this  basis  applying  to  almost  everything 
which  is  usually  classed  under  the  head  of  "general 
merchandise."  In  the  tables  of  this  report,  however, 
all  commodities  shown  by  tons  are  based  on  the  net 
ton  of  2,000  pounds. 

THE    ATLANTIC    AND    GULF    COAST    FLEET. 

In  Table  1,  which  follows,  are  presented  in  a  sum- 
marized form  the  principal  facts  regarding  American 
owned  vessels  employed  in  the  coastwise  and  foreign 
commerce  of  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  of  the 
United  States  for  the  years  1916,  1906,  and  1SS9,  for 
all  classes  of  craft  of  5  tons  net  register  or  over.  Per- 
centages of  increase  or  decrease,  based  on  the  figures 
in  Table  1,  are  shown  in  Table  2. 


Table  1.— ALL  VESSELS  AND  CRAFT,  EXCLUSIVE  OF  FISHING  VESSELS:  1916,  1906,  AND  1889. 


Number  of  vessels 

Grass  tonnage 

Value  of  vessels 

Gross  income 

Number   employed   on 

vessels 

Wages 

Number   of   passengers 

carried 

Freight  and  harbor  work 

(tons  of  2.000  pounds) . 

Freight  carried 

Harbor  work 


1916 


21,6S8 
6,508,617 
Ifi29,074,203 
$376,806,060 

8J,97S 
$5S,902,964 

237,345,62; 

181,526,448 
80.259.3 
101,267,073 


1906 


20,032 

4,851,421 

$273,105,915 

$159,759,924 

77, 124 
$38,352,269 

292,555,416 

140,5!2,(M3 
65,360,958 
75,151,085 


1889 


« 12, 238 

2,658,445 

$116,042,062 

$90,147,63:' 

€3.625 
$22,123,099 

170,225,458 

52, 712, 124 
(') 
(') 


STEAM.' 


1916 


1906 


8,347 

2,828.953 

$517,410,317 

'  $346,987,152 

» 75, 386 
'$53,660,412 

'237,344,760 

'168,163,990 
'66,958,557 
'101,205,433 


5,413 
•  1,457,894 
$193,926,327 
'  $139,717,909 

'  58, 470 
'$31,664,94.1 

'292,533,288 

'121,502,75; 

<;) 

C) 


1889  3 


2,536 

"41,770 

$65,518,640 

'  $57,034,216 


1916 


2,539 

803,426 

$42,930,89: 

$29,818,908 


'30,528  9,592 

'J13,2S4,32.i|  $5,242,552 


'  170,225,4581 

(') 


86; 

13,362.458 

13,300,818 

61,640 


1906 


5,920 

1,132,9(» 

$37,520,903 

$20,042,015 

18,654 
$6,687,314 

22,128 

19,009,286 
(') 
(') 


1889  3 


6,277 

1,293.192 

$42,685,982 

$33,113,416 

33,09: 
$8,838,774 


1916 


10, 

2,876,238 

$68,732,989 

(•) 


(•) 
(•) 


1906 


8,699 

2,260,622 

$41,658,685 

(•) 


3,425 
623,483 
$7,837,440 
(') 


[•1 


1889 


(•) 

(•) 


'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

>  Includes  schooner  barges,  scow  schooners,  etc.,  when  fitted  with  sails. 

>  Does  not  include  employeea  or  wages  for  yachts. 

*  Includes  5i»  oraft,  with  a  gross  tonnage  of  2,o53,  valued  at  $75,360,  for  which  no  report  wos  made  for  income,  employeeis,  wages,  number  of  passengers,  and  freight  carried. 

^  Includes  statistics  for  unrigged  craft. 

*  Included  in  statistics  for  steam  vessels. 
'  Figures  not  available, 

89 


90 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  2. — All  Vessels  and  Craft,  Exclusive  of  Fishing  Ves- 
sels, Per  Cent  of  Increase:  188»-1916  and  1906-1916. 


PER  CENT  OF  INCKEASE.' 

Total. 

Steam."               Soil. 

l'nriggc<l. 

ISflft- 
1916 

1S89- 
1916  1 

1908- 
1916 

1889- 
1916 

1906- 
li>16 

1889- 
1916 

190&- 
1916 

1889- 
1916 

Number  of  vessels 

GrosstonnQge 

Value  of  vessels 

S.  1 
3J.2 
)30.3 
135.8 

10.2 
63.6 

-18.9 

29.2 

22.8 
34.8 

77.0 
HI.  8 
4)2. 1 
318.0 

33.6 
166.3 

39.4 

244.4 
(') 
(») 

51.2 
9-1.0 
KW.  8 
118.3 

28.9 
69.5 

-18.9 

38.4 

(») 

2"9.1 

2S1  J 
(iso.  7 
SOS.  4 

146.9 
303.9 

39.4 

(') 
(') 
C') 

-.'>7. 1 

-29.1 

14.4 

48.8 

-48.6 
-21.6 

-96.1 

-29.7 
P) 

-.W.6 

-37  9 

0,6 

-9.9 

-71.0 

-40.7 

p) 

23.  S 
07  ■> 

65.6 

(") 

P) 

C') 

(■') 
p) 

8 

214. 5 
361.3 
777.0 
P) 

Number  employed  on 

P) 

(') 

Number  of  paasengers 

PI 

Freight    and    harbor 
work  (tons  of  2,000 

pounds) 

Freipht  carried 

Harbor  work 

(-) 
P) 
P) 

»  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 
*  Includes  craft  propelled  by  maclunery, 
3  Figures  not  available. 


Diagram  1. — Gross  Tonnage  op  All  Vessels,  Exclusive  op 
FismNQ  Vessels,  by  Classes:  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


5 

1 

i 

MILLIONS  OF  TONS 
3                               « 

» 

• 

1916 

'^mm 

^^M 

C!SSi„ :::::: 

_i 

J 

leoe 

(669 

.    (  ' 

i "■■' 

1 

GROSS  TONNA08 
■  SIS 


Diagram  £• — Value  of  All  Vessels,  Exclusive  of  Fishing 
Vessels,  by  Classes:  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


MILLIONS  OF   dollar: 


y////////////////////////////^^^^^ 
w//////////////////mm 


1916 
1909 


mm'tJ«'K^o 


/ALUC    OF    V£S3ELJ 
1018 


Diagram  3. — Gross  Income  op  All  Vessel.'?,  Exclusive  op 
FismNQ  Vessels;  Steam,  Including  Unrigged,  and  Sail: 
1916,  1906,  and  1S89. 

MILLIONS   OF   DOLLARS 


CROSS  INCOME   leia 


The  statistics  shown  in  the  tables  of  this  report 
apply  only  to  vessels  of  American  ownership,  no 
craft  of  foreign  ownership  being  included.  This  fact 
explains  any  apparent  discrepancy  between  the  figures 
reported  by  the  United  States  Engineers'  Oflfice  and 
those  shown  in  this  report,  the  Engineers'  reports  in- 
cluding all  vessels,  foreign  as  well  as  American  owned, 
while  the  census  reports  include  the  American-owned 
vessels  only. 

The  figures  in  Table  1  show  in  general  that  the 
United  States  marine  on  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts 
has  made  substantial  progress  since  1906,  the  number, 
gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  the  vessels,  as  well  as  the 
amount  of  freight  carried  and  the  gross  income  re- 
ceived, having  increased  during  the  decade. 

The  total  number  of  vessels  of  all  classes,  exclusive 
of  fishing  vessels,  was  21,658  in  1916,  as  compared  with 
20,032  m  1906,  and  12,238  in  1889.  These  figures 
show  an  increase  of  1,626  vessels,  or  8.1  per  cent,  from 
1906  to  1916,  the  steam  vessels,  which  include  all  craft' 
propelled  by  machinerj^,  increasing  2,934,  and  the 
\mrigged  vessels  2,073  in  number,  while  the  sail  vessels 
showed  a  decrease  of  3,381.  Of  the  three  classes  of 
vessels — steam,  saU,  and  unrigged — the  unrigged,  con- 
sisting chiefly  of  barges  and  lighters,  outnumbered 
either  of  the  other  classes,  forming  49.7  per  cent  of  the 
total  number  of  vessels  reported,  and  the  steam 
greatly  outnumbered  the  sailing  craft,  this  latter  con- 
dition having  arisen  since  1906,  when  there  was  a 
larger  number  of  sailing  than  steam  vessels  reported. 
While  the  number  and  gross  tonnage  of  the  unrigged 
craft  amounted  to  almost  one-half  of  the  total  number 
and  tonnage  of  the  entire  fleet  of  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf 
coasts,  the  value  of  such  craft  was  little  more  than  one- 
tenth  of  the  total  value  reported  for  all  vessels.     On 


'  1 


I  * 


',  ;»V', 


'  I 


\       I 


)..■■     I 


|■^  / 


■/ 


1  \  ' 


90-1 


90-2 


STEAMER  ''JAMES  TIMPSON." 


ATLANTIC  COAST  AND  GULF  OF  MEXICO. 


91 


the  other  hand,  although  the  number  and  tonnage  of 
steam  vessels  represented  only  about  two-fifths  of  the 
total  number  and  tonnage  reported,  the  value  of  such 
vessels  was  more  than  four  and  one-half  times  that  of 
the  sail  and  unrigged  vessels  combined.  The  total 
value  of  the  sail  vessels  increased  $.5,409,994,  or  14.4 
per  cent,  during  the  years  1906  to  1916,  although  the 
number  in  1916  was  less  than  one-half  that  reported 
in  1906,  and  the  tonnage  also  decreased  considerably. 


The  total  quantity  of  freight  handled  in  1916 
amounted  to  181,526,448  tons,  an  increase  of  29.2 
per  cent  over  that  reported  in  1906.  This  increase 
was  in  freight  reported  by  steam  and  vmrigged  craft, 
as  sailing  vessels  show  a  decrease  of  29.7  per  cent  in 
this  respect. 

Table  3  shows  statistics  for  the  vessels  on  the 
Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts,  by  occupation,  with  per  cent 
of  total  for  1916. 


Table  3.— ALL  VESSELS  AND  CRAFT,  BY  OCCUPATION,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL:  1916. 


OCCTJPATIOW. 


Total 

Commercial  vessels 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels 

Fishing  vessels 

Ferryboats 

Municipal 

Railroad 

All  other 

Umigged  oratt 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


VESSELS. 

TOKNAGE. 

VALUE  or  VESSELS. 

GB03S  INCOME. 

EMPLOYED  ON 
VESSELS. 

WAGES. 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Number. 

cent  of 

Gross  tons^ 

cent  of 

Amount. 

cent  of 

Amount. 

cent  of 

Number. 

cent  of 

Amount. 

cent  of 

total. 

total. 

total. 

total. 

total. 

total. 

25,. 387 

100.0 

6,614,197 

100.0 

$642,114,328 

100.0 

»95,211,148 

100.0 

104,224 

100.0 

$67,378,700 

100.0 

21,389 

84.3 

6,483,122 

98.0 

605,403,921 

94.3 

391,922,685 

99.2 

96,274 

92.4 

62, 587, 107 

92.9 

4,770 

18.8 

3,194,364 

48.3 

471,124,188 

73.4 

275,509 

040 

69.7 

47,061 

45.2 

3O,»45,707 

45.9 

1,836 

7.3 

153,122 

2.3 

37,841,756 

5.9 

26,573 

,930 

6.7 

11,831 

11.4 

10,096,502 

15.0 

3,729 

14.7 

105,580 

1.6 

13,040,125 

2.0 

18,405 

088 

4.7 

19,246 

18.5 

8,475,736 

12.6 

262 

1.0 

153 

818 

2.3 

14,664,863 

2.3 

10,318 

,539 

2.6 

2,549 

2.4 

2,437,826 

3.6 

28 

0.1 

2C 

,984 

0.3 

2,350,185 

0.4 

1,227 

62:) 

0.3 

462 

0.4 

524,773 

0.8 

79 

0.3 

7.S 

4211 

1.2 

7,793,613 

1.2 

5,394 

,822 

1.4 

1,045 

1.0 

1,077,059 

1.6 

1.55 

0.6 

54 

408 

0.8 

4,521,060 

0.7 

3,696 

.114 

0.9 

1,042 

1.0 

835.994 

1.2 

10, 772 

42.4 

2,876 

,238 

43.5 

68,732,989 

10.7 

61,116 

,068 

15.5 

15,587 

15.0 

10,631,336 

15.8 

3,082 

12.1 

91,946 

1.4 

27,382,512 

4.3 

147,728 

0) 

5,578 

5.4 

2,988,208 

4.4 

916 

3.6 

39 

,129 

0.6 

9,327,895 

1.4 

3,140,735 

0.8 

2,372 

2.2 

1,803,385 

2.7 

I  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


The  extensive  use  of  the  uiu-igged  craft  is  again 
sho^vn  in  this  table,  and  inasmuch  as  tugs  are  em- 
ployed a  large  part  of  the  time  in  towing  ujirigged 
craft,  the  totals  for  the  two  classes  of  vessels  may  be 
taken  as  representing  the  craft  iLsed  in  barge  traffic 
and  in  lighterage  work.  The  number  and  tonnage  of 
these  two  classes  together  constituted  practically  one- 
half  of  the  total  number  and  tonnage  of  all  vessels  in 
the  fleet  of  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts.  In  respect 
to  value  and  gross  income,  however,  the  freight  and 
passenger  craft  were  by  far  the  most  important,  re- 
porting 73.4  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  vessels  and 
69.7  per  cent  of  the  gross  income.  Fisliing  vessels, 
shown  separately  for  the  first  time  at  tliis  census, 
numbering  3,729,  were  valued  at  $13,040,125,  and 
reported  a  gross  income  of  $18,405,088.  Of  the  five 
classes  of  commercial  vessels  shown  in  this  table,  the 
fishing  craft  were  the  only  ones  whose  earnings  ex- 
ceeded their  valuation,  the  percentage  of  earnings  on 
their  valuation  being  141.1.  In  tliis  connection,  how- 
ever, it  should  not  be  forgotten  that  the  gross  income 
for  fishing  vessels  represented  the  value  of  the  catch. 
The  unrigged  craft  were  second  in  this  respect,  their 
earnings  amounting  to  88.9  per  cent  of  their  valuation. 

The  importance  of  ferry  traffic  is  also  sho^\^l  in  the 
table,  262  ferryboats,  with  a  valuation  of  $14,664,863 
and  an  income  of  $10,318,559,  being  reported.  These 
boats  were  used  chiefly  in  the  ports  of  New  York, 
Philadelphia,  and  Boston.  There  were  3,082  yachts 
on  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts,  with  a  valuation  of 
$27,382,512  and  a  total  tonnage  of  91,946. 


Table  4  shows  the  number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value 
of  steam  vessels,  by  occupation,  ^\-ith  per  cent  of 
increase  and  per  cent  that  each  class  is  of  the  total  for 
1916  and  1906. 

Table   4. — Steam  Ves.sels,'  by  Occttpation,  ■with  Per  Cent 
OF  Increase  and  Per  Cent  op  Total:  1916  and  1906. 


OCCUPATION    AND    CENSUS 
YEAB. 

Num- 
ber oi 

ves- 
sels. 

Per 
ctntof 
total. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Per 

cent  of 
total. 

Total: 

1916 

1906 

8,317 

5,413 

54.2 

100.0 
100.0 

2,828,953 

1,437,891 

94.0 

100.0 
100.0 

S.517  410  317 

$193,926,327 

166.8 

100.0 

Percentof  increase 

Freieht  and  passenger: 

1916 

1906 

2.798 
1,523 
83.7 

1,836 

1,690 

9.8 

262 

270 

-3.0 

2,587 
1,577 
64.0 

844 

353 

139.1 

33.5 
28.1 

22.2 
31.2 

3.1 
5.0 

31.0 
29.1 

10.1 
6.5 

2.403,734 

1,045,811 

129.8 

153, 122 

148,992 

2.8 

153,818 

162,834 

-5.5 

81,766 

70,461 

16.0 

36  513 

29,796 
22.5 

85.0 
71.7 

5.4 
10.2 

5.4 
11.2 

2.9 

4.8 

1.3 

2.0 

$410,299,612 

$121,136,485 

255.2 

$.'.7.811, 75« 

$25,894,551 

46.1 

$14,664,863 

$19,970,466 

-26.4 

$25,  ,590, 224 

$21,290,3.39 

20.2 

$9,013,862 

$5,634,4.16 

60.0 

S3. 3 
62.5 

Per  cent  of  increase 
Tufcsand  other  towing  ves- 
sels: 
1916 

7  3 

1906 

13.4 

Per  cent  of  increase 
Ferryboats: 

1916 

3.3 

1906 

10  3 

Percent  of  increase- 
Yachts: 

1916 

4.9 

1606 

11.0 

Percent  ofincrease 
.Miscellaneous: 

1916 

1.7 

1906    .   .. 

2  9 

Percent  of  increase 

'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 
!  A  minus  sign  (—)  denotes'decrease. 

Steam  craft  of  all  classes  show  decided  increases 
from  1906  to  1916.  The  number  of  such  vessels  in- 
creased 2,934,  or  54.2  per  cent,  the  gross  tonnage 
1,371,059,  or  94  per  cent,  and  their  value  $323,483,990, 
or  166.8  per  cent. 


92 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


The  most  pronounced  gains  are  shown  for  the  freight 
and  passenger  fleet,  which  class  in  1916  represented 
33.5  per  cent  of  the  number  of  all  steam  vessels,  85  per 
cent  of  the  tonnage,  and  83.2  per  cent  of  the  value,  a 
decided  proportionateincreasesince  1906.  Ferryboats 
are  the  one  class  that  shows  an  actual  and  relative  de- 
crease in  all  details  presented  in  the  table.  Tugs  and 
yachts,  although  increasing  actually,  decreased  rela- 
tively, due  to  the  exceptional  gain  in  the  freight  and 
passenger  craft. 

Table  5  presents  statistics  for  canal  boats  and  all 
other  unrigged  craft,  with  percent  of  total  for  1916  and 
1906. 

Table  5. — ^Unrigged  Vessels,  by  Occupatiok,  with  Per 
Cent  Each  Class  is  op  Total:  1916  and  190G. 


OCCUPATION  AND  CENSUS 
TEAB. 


Total: 

1916 

1906 

Canal  boats: 

1916 

1906 

All  other  unrigged: 

1916 

1906 


Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 


Per 
cent  of 
total. 


10, 772 
8,699 


445 
603 


10, 327 
8,036 


100.0 
lOO.O 


95.9 
92.4 


Gross  ton- 
nage. 


2, 876, 23S 
2,260,622 


63,730 
103,877 

2.  SI  2.  SOS 
2, 156, 745 


Per 

cent  of 
total. 


100.0 
100.0 


2.2 
4.6 


97.8 
95.4 


Value  of 
vessels. 


$68,  732, 989 
41,65.'*,  085 


914,437 
1,112,475 

67,818,552 
40,540,210 


Per 
cent  of 
total. 


100.0 
100.0 


1.3 

2.7 


98.7 
97.3 


In  1916  the  unrigged  vessels,  other  than  canal 
boats,  numbered  10,327,  and  embraced  barges,  Hght- 
ers,  scows,  dredges,  pile  drivers,  etc.  The  445 
canal  boats  sho^^^^  in  the  table  represent  those 
that  were  operated  but  little,  if  any,  on  the  canals 
but  were  located  in  the  harbors  of  the  Atlantic 
coast,  chiefly  in  New  York.  Their  relative  importance 
was  slight.  The  barges,  lighters,  etc.,  represented 
97.8  per  cent  of  the  total  gross  tonnage  and  98.7  per 
cent  of  the  total  value  of  all  imrigged  craft. 

Table  6  shows  the  nimiber,  gross  tonnage,  and  value 
of  saihng  vessels,  by  occupation,  and  per  cent  that 
each  class  is  of  total,  for  1916  and  1906. 


Table  6. 


-Sail  Vessels,'  by  Occupation,  with  Per  Cent  Each 
Class  is  op  Total:  1916  and  1906. 


OCCUPATION    AND    CENSUS 
TEAB. 

Num- 
ber of 
vessels 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Gross  ton- 
nage. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Per 

cent  of 
total. 

Total: 

1916 

2.539 
5  920 

100.0 
1015.0 

803,426 
1,132,905 

100.0 
100.0 

$42,930,897 
37, 520, 903 

100  0 

1906 

100  0 

Freight  and  passenger: 

1916 

1906 

1,972 
4,227 

495 
1,358 

72 
335 

19.5 
22.9 

2.8 
5.7 

790,630 
1,105,901 

10,  ISO 
21,046 

2,616 

5,958 

98.4 
97.6 

1.3 

1.9 

0.3 
0.5 

40,824,576 
33,213,849 

1,792,288 
3,  775, 743 

314,033 
531,311 

95.1 
88  5 

Yachts: 

1916  

4  2 

1906 

10.1 

Miscellaneous: 

1916         

0  7 

1906 

•  Includes  schooner  barges. 

The  decrease  in  the  total  nmnber  and  tonnage  of 
sailing  vessels,  as  shown  in  Table  6,  indicates  plainly 


the  decline  of  such  craft  during  the  ten-year  period 
1906-1916,  each  class  sharing  in  the  loss.  In  their 
total  valuation,  however,  there  was  an  increase  of 
$5,409,994,  or  14.4  per  cent,  and  the  average  value  per 
ton  increased  from  $33  in  1906  to  $53  in  1916.  Thi.s 
increase  in  value  is  due  to  the  gain  in  the  freight  and 
passenger  class,  since  the  yachts  and  miscellaneous 
craft  decreased  in  value  during  the  ten-year  period. 

Table    7    shows    separate   statistics   for   schooner 
barges,  with  per  cent  of  increase,  for  1916  and  1906. 

Table  7. — Schooner  Barges:  1916  and  1906. 


1916 


Number  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnage 

Value  of  vessels 

Number  employed  on  vessels. 
Wages 


309 

312,827 

$16,274,554 

1,481 

$798,648 


1906 


389 

323, 618 

$7,497,833 

1,458 

$721,911 


Percent 

ofin- 
crease.' 


-20.6 

-3.3 

117.1 

1.6 

10.6 


'  A  mmussign(— )denotesdecrease. 

The  figures  for  saihng  vessels  in  the  jireceding  table 
and  throughout  this  report  include  those  for  schooner 
barges,  statistics  for  which  are  shown  separately  in 
Table  7.  These  vessels  reflect  the  same  condition 
shown  for  sailing  vessels  as  a  whole,  decreases  in  num- 
ber and  tonnage,  with  an  increase  in  value. 

FERRYBOATS. 

Details  regarding  ferryboats  used  at  and  about  the 
ports  of  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  are  given  in 
Table  8,  for  the  years  1916  and  1906. 

Nearly  one-half  of  the  ferryboats  in  1916  were  used 
in  the  waterways  about  New  York  City.  These  boats 
also  reported  three-fourths  of  the  total  tonnage  and 
value  shown  for  ferryboats  and  about  two-thirds  of 
the  gross  income  and  number  of  passengers  carried. 
Ferry  service  at  Philadelphia  required  less  than  one- 
tenth  of  the  gross  tonnage  and  carried  less  than  one- 
sLxth  of  the  total  number  of  passengers. 

The  number  of  passengers  carried  on  ferryboats  was 
natmrally  very  large,  the  218,045,127  passengers  re- 
ported for  the  ferry  traffic  forming  91.9  per  cent  of  the 
total  number  carried  on  all  classes  of  vessels  of  the 
Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts. 

Notwithstanding  the  large  nvmiber  of  ferry  passen- 
gers reported  for  1916,  there  was  an  actual  decrease  of 
54,551,543,  or  20  per  cent,  as  compared  with  1906, 
due  wholly  to  the  decrease  in  New  York  which  was 
64,493,394,  or  30.9  per  cent,  caused  by  the  introduction 
of  "tubes"  under  the  harbor  waters  and  the  addition 
of  several  bridges  coimectiiig  the  city  with  the  Long 
Island  shore.  The  decrease  in  the  value  of  these  ferry- 
boats was  due  chiefly  to  their  age  and  womout  condi- 
tion, which  made  the  depreciation  very  heavy. 


ATLANTIC  COAST  AND  GULF  OF  MEXICO.  93 

Table  8.— FERRYBOATS,  BY  DISTRICTS,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE  AND  PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL:  1916  AND  1906. 


DISTRICT. 

Cen- 
sus 
year. 

Num- 
ber 
of 

ves- 
sels. 

Per 

cent 

ot 

total. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Per 
cent 

of 
total. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Gross 
income. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Num 
ber  em- 
ploved 
on  ves- 
sels. 

1 

Per 
cent  , 

of     ' 
total. 

Wages. 

Per 
cent 

of 
total. 

Number  of 

passengers 

carried. 

Per 
cent 

ot 
total. 

Total 

1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 

282 

270 

-3.0 

100.0 
100.0 

l.W,S18 

162,834 

-5.5 

100.0 
100.0 

814,  064,  863 

$19,970,466 

-26.6 

100.0 
100.0 

$10, 318,  .5.09 

$10, 571,. 5.34 

-2.4 

100.0 
100.0 

2,  .549 

2,318 

6.7 

100.0 
100.0 

$2,437,826 

$2,098,540 

16.2 

100.0 
100.0 

218,045,127 

272,596,670 

-20.0 

100.0 

Per  cent  of  increase  > . . 

100.0 

New  York        

125 

152 

-17.8 

19 
25 

47.7 
56.3 

7.3 
9.3 

115,363 

129,690 

-11.0 

10,962 

10,306 

6.4 

27,493 

22,818 
20.4 

75.0 
79.6 

7.1 
6.3 

17.9 
14.0 

811,406,684 

$17,098,677 

-33.3 

$1,0.36,4.59 

$918, 867 

12.8 

$2,221,820 

$1,952,922 

13.8 

77.8 
85.6 

7.1 
4.6 

15.2 
9.8 

$7,118,972 

$8,423,119 

-15.5 

$1,2.51,163 

$1,009,295 

24.0 

$1,948,424 

$1, 139, 120 

71.0 

69.0 
79.7 

12.1 
9.5 

18.9 
10.8 

1,600 
1,622 
-1.4 

228 
217 
5.1 

721 

549 

31.3 

62.8 
67.9 

9.1 

28.3 
23.0 



$1,669,473 

$1,578,839 

5.7 

$230,962 

$195,560 

18.1 

$537,391 

$324, 141 

65.8 

68.5 
75.2 

9.5 
9.3 

22.0 
15.4 

144,190,729 

208,684.123 

-30.9 

34,662,070 

30,616,853 

13.2 

39, 192,  .328 
3.3,295,694 

17.7 

66.1 

76.6 

Philadelphia 

1916 
1906 

15.9 

11.2 

All  other  districts 

1916 
1906 

118 
93 

45.0 
34.4 

is.a 

12.2 

A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100. 


The  extent  to  which  ferryboats  were  operated  by 
municipalities  is  showTi  in  Table  9. 

Of  the  262  ferryboats  on  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts, 
28  were  engaged  in  municipal  service,  principally  in 
New  York  and  Boston  Harbors.  These  municipal 
ferryboats  in  1916  carried  2.3,930,206  passengers,  or  11 
per  cent  of  the  total  number  transported  m  ferrj'boats 
on  the  entire  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts.  City  ferryboats 
in  New  York  Harbor  alone  carried  18,748,804  passen- 
gers, or  78.3  per  cent  of  the  total  for  all  municipal  fer- 


ries on  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts.  Figures  for  Boston 
Harbor  municipal  ferries  showed  a  total  of  4,628,352 
passengers  transported  in  1916.  While  the  municipal 
ferries  in  New  York  Plarbor  show  a  gam  of  49.7  per 
cent  in  the  number  of  passengers  carried  in  1916  as 
compared  with  1906,  those  in  Boston  Harbor  show  a 
loss  of  36.1  per  cent,  the  decrease  in  Boston  Harbor 
being  partly  accounted  for  by  the  general  use  made  of 
the  subway  tmmel  between  the  city  proper  and  East 
Boston. 


Table  9.— MUNICIPAL  FERRIES,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE:  191C  AND  1906. 


Census 
year. 

Number 

of 
vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

OBOS3  rNCOME. 

Number 

employed 

on 

vessels. 

Wages. 

Number  of 

DISTRICT. 

Passenger. 

All  other 
sources. 

passengers 
carried. 

Total 

1916 
1906 

2S 
25 

20,984 

19,337 

8.5 

$2,350,18.5 

$2,466,447 

-4.7 

8757,0.83 

$020,780 

22.0 

$470,  .540 
$263,172 

78.8 

462 
264 
75.0 

$.524,773 

$433,029 

21.2 

23,930,206 

Per  cent  of  increase  ^  . 

19,784,055 
21.0 

1916 
1906 

New  York  Harbor 

16 
16 

15,471 

14,829 

4.3 

4,728 

4,448 

■      6.3 

110 

60 

$2, 107, 199 

$2,253,000 

-6.5 

$308,986 

$209,347 

-0.2 

$9,000 

$4,100 

119.5 

$25,000 

$r,9(;,3.-.3 

$557, 437 
24.9 

$46,284 

$02,373 

-25.8 

$1,245 
$970 
28.4 

$13,201 

$419,219 
$220,905 

89.8 

$47,341 

$41,037 

15.4 

$1,.853 

$1,230 

50.7 

$2, 127 

364 

188 

93.6 

84 
72 

$413,908 

$360, 1.59 

14.9 

$99,445 

$70,720 

40.6 

$3,596 

$2, 1.50 

67.3 

$7,824 

18,748,804 

Per  pent  nf  incrPAse  t 

12,521,847 
49.7 

Boston  Harbor 

1916 
1906 

7 
7 

4,628,352 

Per  cpTit  nf  incrfiAse  I 

7,242,808 
-36.1 

SttihII  pnint-s  on  ConTieetieut  "River 

1916 
1906 

2 
2 

4 
4 

2.5,111 

19,400 
29.4 

All  other  districts 

1916 

3 

075 

10 

527,939 

1  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100. 


GOVERNMENT   VESSELS. 

While  this  report  does  not  uiclude  vessels  owned  by 
the  United  States  Government,  it  does  contam  facts 
regarding  the  vessels  owned  and  operated  by  state  and 
city  governments,  statistics  for  which  are  presented  in 
Table  10  for  1916  and  1906. 

The  craft  sho^^Ti  in  this  table  include  municipal 
ferryboats,  fire  boats,  police-patrol  boats,  garbage 
boats,  quarantine  boats,  ambulance  and  hospital  boats, 
dredges,  pilot  boats,  ice  breakers,  etc. 

Comparative  figures  show  that  these  municipal  and 
state  o'rnied  craft  increased  from  213  in  1906  to  268  in 
1916,  or  25.8  per  cent.  The  gross  tonnage  increased 
31.2  per  cent,  and  their  value  16.4  per  cent  during  the 
decade. 


Table  10. 


-Vessels  Owned  by  State  and  City  Governments: 
1916  AND  1906. 


Total. 

Steam.' 

Sail. 

Unrigged. 

Number  of  vessels; 

1916 

268 
213 

60,700 
46,264 

$7,181,662 
$6,169,775 

$1,592,307 
$2,924,807 

1,462 
1,369 

$1,5,83,8.58 
$1,632,858 

23,930,206 
20,183,209 

138 
104 

34,499 
31,228 

$6,392,567 
$5,470,975 

$1,28.8,079 
$I,131,S»1 

1,387 
839 

$1,535,646 
$1,008,090 

23,930,206 
20,183,209 

2 
3 

70 
78 

$6,500 
$6,380 

$5,000 

128 

1906 

106 

Gross  tonnage: 

1916 

2«,131 

1906                                       

14,958 

Value  of  vessels: 

1916 

$782,595 

1906 

$692,420 

Gross  income: 

1916          

$299,228 

I<"i06                            

$1,793,213 

Number  emploved  on  vessels: 
1916 

6 

6 

$3,810 
$5,280 

(a 

1906 

622 

Wages: 

1916                  

$44,402 

1006 

$619,488 

Number  of  passengers  carried: 

'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinerj-. 


94 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


The  general  decrease  in  income  and  in  the  number 
of  employees  on  unrigged  craft  from  1906  to  1916, 
although  the  number  of  vessels  actually  increased,  may 
be  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  a  number  of  the  craft 
OMiied  by  city  goveruments  are  leased  to  contractors, 
who  operate  them  in  connection  with  their  other  ves- 
sels, and  the  income,  number  of  crew,  and  wages  paid 
are  included  in  the  reports  of  these  contractors. 

FISHING   CRAFT. 

Details  of  the  American  fishing  fleet  sailing  from 
the  ports  of  the  Atlantic  and  GuK  coasts  are  given  in 
Tables  11  and  12  for  1916. 

Table  11. — Fishing  Vessels:  1916. 


Number  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnage 

Value  of  vessels 

Gross  income 

Number  employed  on  vessels . . 
Wages 


Total. 


3,729 

10.5,580 

S13,O40,125 

tl8, 4155, 088 

10,246 

$S, 475,  736 


Steam. 


206 

20,  728 

J.i,7lll,<'.(V4 

H49il,:is3 

3,270 

$1,654,605 


Gasoline. 


1,805 

31,328 

f  3,  SS.i,  K09 

$7,904,104 

6,  896 

$3,550,596 


Sail. 


1,718 

44,524 

f  3, 302, 652 

$6,001,601 

9,  OSO 
$3,270,535 


Table  12.- 


-Fishing  Vessels  GRonpED  According  to  Gross 
Tonnage:  1916. 


TONNAGE. 

Total. 

Steam. 

Gasoline. 

SaU. 

Total: 

3,729 
10.5,580 

206 
29,728 

1,805 
31,328 

5  to  49  tons: 

Number  of  vessels 

3,260 
46,114 

200 
14,703 

203 
26,544 

46 
11,494 

17 
5,312 

2 

883 

1 
500 

44 

1,313 

41 
3,130 

69 
8,298 

46 
11,494 

13 
4,110 

2 
883 

1 
500 

1,712 
22,961 

62 

4,578 

31 

3,789 

1  504 

50  to  99  tons: 

Gross  tonnage 

6,995 

100  to  199  tons: 

Cross  tonnage 

14  457 

200  to  2«9  tons: 

Number  of  vessels 

300  to  309  tons: 

4 

400  to  499  tons: 

Gross  tonnage 

SCO  to  999  tons: 

Number  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnage 

1 

The  fishing  vessels  on  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts 
numbered  3,729,  with  a  gross  tonnage  of  105,580.  Of 
these,  1,805,  or  almost  one-half,  were  gasohne  power 
craft,  and  1,718  were  saihng  vessels,  while  only  206 
used  steam  power.  The  total  value  of  this  fishing 
fleet  was  $13,040,125,  with  a  gross  income  of  $18,405,- 
088,  of  which  $128,693  was  received  for  the  transpor- 
tation of  76,396  tons  of  freight. 

Of  the  total  number  of  all  classes  of  fishing  vessels, 
3,260,  or  87.4  per  cent,  were  of  less  than  50  tons  gross 
register.  Of  the  gasoline  craft  94.8  per  cent  were  of 
less  than  50  tons  gross  tonnage  and  of  the  sailing  ves- 
sels 87.5  per  cent  were  in  this  tonnage  group.  There 
were  only  4  saihng  vessels  of  over  300  tons  gross 
register  and  these  were  engaged  in  the  whahng  in- 
dustry. 

The  income  when  compared  with  the  value  per  gross 
ton  for  fishing  vessels  exceeds  that  of  all  other  classes  of 
ci'aft.  The  largest  proportion  of  the  total  gross  ton- 
nage, 42.2  per  cent,  was  in  the  saihng  vessels,  but  the 
largest  per  cent  of  the  total  income,  42.9  per  cent,  was 
earned  by  the  gasohne  craft.  Steam  vessels  repre- 
sented 44.2  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  all  fishing 
vessels,  28.2  per  cent  of  their  tonnage,  and  but  24.4 
per  cent  of  the  total  income.  In  this  connection,  the 
income  for  fishing  vessels  represents  the  total  value  of 
the  catch  and  is  not  comparable,  therefore,  with  the 
income  reported  for  any  other  class  of  craft.  Another 
condition  pertaining  to  these  fishing  craft  is  that  many 
of  them  are  operated  only  a  few  weeks  of  the  season, 
their  owners  devoting  most  of  the  year  to  other 
pursuits. 

OWNERSHIP   OF    VESSELS. 

In  Table  13  the  number,  tonnage,  and  value  of 
craft  propelled  by  machinery,  and  sailing  vessels  are 
shown,  by  character  of  ownership,  for  1916,  1906, 
and  1899. 


Table  13 OWNERSHIP  FOR  STEAM  AND  SAIL  VESSELS:  1916,  1906,  AND  1889. 


CLASS  AJJD   OWNERSHIP. 


Total 

Incorporated  company 

All  other  forms  of  ownership. 

Steam  i 

Incorporated  company 

All  other  forms  of  ownership 

Safl. 

Incorporated  company 

All  otner  forms  of  ownership 

Percent  of  total: 

Total 

Incorporated  company 

All  otner  forms  of  ownership 

Steam" 

Incorporated  company 

All  otner  forms  of  ownership 

Ban. 

Incorporated  company 

All  other  forms  of  ownership 


NUMBER  OF  VESSELS. 


3,430 
7, 456 


8,347 
2,  .818 
6,501 

2,539 

584 

1,955 


100.0 


31.5 
68.5 


100.0 
34.1 
65.9 

100.0 
23.0 
77.0 


1906 


11,333 


2,630 
8,703 


5,413 
2,072 
3,341 

5,920 

558 

5,382 


100.0 


23.2 
76.8 


100.0 
38.3 
61.7 

100.0 

9.4 

90.6 


18S9 


8,813 


1,019 
7,794 


2,536 

917 

1,619 

6,277 

102 

6,175 


11.6 
S.S.4 


100.0 
36.2 
63.8 

100.0 

1.6 

98.4 


GROSS  TONNAGE. 


1916 


3,632,379 


3, 090, 356 
512, 023 


2,828,953 

2,614,036 

214,917 

803,426 
476, 320 
327, 106 

100.0 


85.1 
14.9 


100.0 
92.4 
7.6 

100.0 
69.3 
40.7 


2,  .590, 799 


1,644,044 
946,  755 


1,457,894 

1,244,283 

213,611 

1,132,905 
399, 761 
733, 144 


100.0 


63.5 
36.5 


100.0 
85.3 
14.7 

100.0 
3.5.3 
61.7 


1889 


2,034,962 


671,181 
1,463,781 


741,770 
545,683 
196,087 

1,293,192 

25, 498 

1,267,694 

100.0 


28.1 
71.9 


100.0 
73.6 
26.4 

100.0 

2.0 

98.0 


VALtra;  OE  VESSELS. 


1916 


$560,341,214 


497, 705,  222 
62,635,992 


517,410,317 
471,074,753 
46, 335, 564 

42,930,897 
26,630,469 
16,300,428 


100.0 


8S.  K 
11.2 


100.0 
91.0 
9.0 

100.0 
62.0 
38.0 


$231,447,230 


167,929,716 
63,517,514 


193,926,327 
155,819,420 
38, 106, 907 

37,520,903 
12,110,296 
25,410,607 


100.0 


72.6 
27.4 


100.0 
80.3 
19.7 

100.0 
32.3 

67.7 


1889 


$108,204,622 


43,376,790 
64,827,832 


65,518,640 
42,892,910 
22,625,730 

42,685,982 

483,  aso 

42, 202, 102 


100.0 


40.1 
69.9 


100.0 
65.5 
34.5 

100.0 
1.1 


'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


ATLANTIC  COAST  AND  GULF  OF  MEXICO. 


95 


The  most  striking  feature  of  this  table  is  the  increase 
in  vessels  under  corporate  ownership,  the  number,  ton- 
nage, and  value  of  vessels  under  all  other  forms  of 
ownership  sho^\ing  decreases  from  1906  to  1916.  Of  a 
total  of  10,886  craft  in  1916,  corporations  o^vned  3,430, 
or  31.5  per  cent,  as  compared  -with.  2,630,  or  23.2  per 
cent,  in  1906.  The  preponderance  of  corporate  owner- 
ship, however,  is  more  clearly  shown  in  the  figures  for 
tonnage  and  value  of  vessels.  In  1916  the  gross 
tonnage  of  steam  and  sail  vessels  combined  owned  by 
incorporated  companies  was  3,090,356,  or  85.1  per 
cent  of  the  total,  and  8497,705,222,  or  88.8  per  cent 
of  the  total  value  of  these  vessels,  was  the  property  of 
corporations.  The  corresponding  percentages  for  1906 
were  63.5  and  72.6  per  cent,  resjjectively.  The  aver- 
age size  of  steam  and  sail  vessels  owned  by  corporations 
is  greatly  in  excess  of  that  for  vessels  under  other 
forms  of  o^vnership.  In  1916  the  3,430  steam  and  sail 
vessels  owTied  by  corporations  had  an  average  gross 
tonnage  of  901,  while  the  7,456  such  vessels  under  other 
forms  of  ownership  averaged  only  73  tons  per  vessel. 

The  total  tonnage  of  the  2,846  steam  vessels  owned 
by  corporations  was  more  than  twelve  times,  and  the 
value  more  than  ten  times  as  great  as  the  total  ton- 
nage and  value  of  the  5,501  vessels  of  this  class  other- 
wise o^v^led. 

In  Table  14  is  sho%vn  the  number,  tonnage,  and 
value  of  the  vessels  belonging  to  the  fleet  of  the  Atlantic 
and  Gulf  coasts,  by  o%vnership,  in  more  detailed  form, 
for  1916  and  1906. 

The  increasing  tendency  of  the  ownership  of  shipping 
to  centraUze  in  corporations  is  shown  also  in  this  table. 


the  proportions  which  the  number,  tonnage,  and  value 
of  vessels  under  corporate  ownership  formed  of  the 
total  increasing  considerably  from  1906  to  1916,  while 
vessels  owned  by  individuals  and  firms  showed  de- 
creased proportions  in  all  three  respects  during  the 
same  period. 

Table  14. — Numbee,  Gross  Tonnage,  and  Value  op  Ves- 
sels, BY  Character  op  Ownership,  with  Per  Cent  of  In- 
crease AND  Per  Cent  of  Total:  1916  and  1906. 


VESSELS. 

TONNAGE. 

VALUE  OF  VESSELS 

OWNERSHIP  AND  CENSUS 
yF«R. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total 

Gross 
tons. 

Perl 

cent 

of 

total. 

Amount. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Total: 

1916 

21,658 
20,032 

8.1 

100.0 
100.0 



6,508,617 
4,851,421 

34.2 

100.0 

$629.(174. 203 

100.0 

1906 

100.0     S273   10.1  91.'; 

100.0 

Per  cent  of  in- 

130.3 

Individual: 

1916 

8.307 
8,517 
-2.5 

2,138 
2,849 
-25.0 

10,846 
8,  .341 
30.0 

367 
325 
12,9 

38.4 
42.5 

9.9 
14.2 

50.1 
41.6 

1.7 
1.6 

787,787 

844,064 

-6.7 

441,266 

666,005 

-33.7 

5,200,797 

3,246,215 

60.2 

78,767 
95,137 
-17.2 

12.1 

":.*. 

6.8 
13.7 

79.9 
66.9 

1.2 
2.0 

$52,755,687 

$45,457,935 

16.1 

$15,187,996 

$19,636,772 

-22.7 

$552,588,317 
$199,516,774 

I'n.o 

$8,542,203 

$8,494,434 

0.6 

8.4 

1906         

16  6 

Per  cent  of  increase ' . . 
Firm; 

1916 

2.4 

1906     

7.2 

Per  cent  of  increase ' . . . 
Incorporated  company: 

1916       

87.8 

1903 

73.1 

Per  cent  of  increase 

AU  other: 

1916  

1.4 

1906        

3.1 

Per  cent  of  increase '  . . 

1  a  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 
CLASSIFICATION-    OF    VESSELS    BY    OCCUPATION. 

Table  15  shows  the  statistics  for  each  form  of  owner- 
ship, according  to  the  class  and  occupation  of  the  ves- 
sels, for  1916  and  1906. 


Table   15. 


-NUMBER  AND  GROSS  TONNAGE  OF  VESSELS.  BY  CHARACTER  OF  OWNERSHIP  AND  BY  CLASS  AND 

OCCUPATION:  1916  AND  1906. 


CLASS  AND  OCCUPATION. 


Total 

steam  1 

Freiglit  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels. 

Ferryboats 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 

Sail 

Freight  and  passenger 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 

I'nrigged 


Census 
year. 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1900 


191B 
1906 


1915 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 


21,658 
20,032 


8,3!7 
5,413 


2,798 
1,523 

1,856 
1,690 

202 
270 

2,587 
1,577 

844 
353 

2,539 
5,920 


1,972 
4,227 

495 
1,358 

72 
335 

10,772 


Gross, 
tonnage. 


6,508,617 
4,851,421 


2,S2.S,953 
1,457,894 


2,403,734 
1,0!5,811 

153,122 
14S,992 

153,818 
162,834 

81,766 
70,401 

36,513 
29,796 

803,426 
1,132,905 


790,630 
1,105,901 

10,180 
21,046 

2,616 
5,958 

2,876,238 
2,260,622 


INDIVIDUAL. 


Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 


8,307 
8,517 


4,669 
2,625 


1,210 
492 

49G 
455 

30 
25 

2,392 
1,403 

541 

190 

1,515 
4,091 


1,006 
2,552 

458 
1,269 

51 
270 

2,123 
1,801 


Gross 
toniuige. 


787,787 
844,064 


162, 432 
130,903 


43,537 
37,838 

22,183 
20,236 

3,224 
1,874 

76,011 
07,540 

7,477 
3,475 

180,292 
338,536 


169,980 
315,669 

9,585 
20,038 

727 
2,829 

455,063 
374,565 


Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 


2,138 

2,S49 


642 
5S0 


2i;2 
170 

186 
300 

5 
4 

118 
74 

71 
32 

393 
1,1S9 


358 
1,082 


4 

32 

1,103 
1,080 


Gross 
tonnage. 


441,266 
660, 005 


24, 249 

48,015 


10,288 
27,528 

10,259 
17, 407 

125 
199 

2,069 
1,717 

1,508 
1,104 

132,381 
349, 135 


131,925 
347,648 

355 
754 

101 
733 

284,636 
268,855 


INCORPORATED 
COMPANY. 


ALL  OTHER. 


Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 


10,846 
8,341 


2,846 
2,072 


1,314 
845 


1,156 
911 


199 
216 


113 
61 


584 
558 


669 
5)2 


10 
S 

7,416 

5,711 


Gross 
tonnage. 


Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 


5,200,797 
3,246,215 


2,614,030 
1,244,283 


2,347,147 

977,868 

119,371 
107, 1S3 

129,486 
141,424 

3,608 
1,133 

14,524 
16,075 

476,320 
399,761 


474.773 
398,702 

218 
160 

1,329 


2,110.441 

1.002,171 


307 
325 


Gross 
tonnage. 


190 
130 


119 


130 

107 


7<i,767 
95,137 


38,236 
34,633 


2,762 
2,577 

1,309 
4,166 

20,933 
19,337 

178 
71 

13,004 
8,482 

14,433 
45,473 


13,952 
43,882 

22 

lot 

459 
1,487 

26,098 
15,031 


'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


96 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Of  the  total  tonnage  oi  steam  craft  ovmed  by  cor- 
porations, 89.8  per  cent  in  1916  and  78.6  per  cent  in 
1906  was  used  in  transporting  freight  and  passengei-s. 
At  the  corresponding  censuses  the  tonnage  of  tugs 
and  ferryboats  under  corporate  ownership  far  exceeded 
that  mider  any  other  form  of  ownership.  Sailing 
vessels,  imder  all  forms  of  ownership,  were  used 
mainly  in  the  freight  and  passenger  ser-vice.  From 
1906  to  1916  steam  vessels  under  individual  owner- 
ship showed  a  large  increase  in  number,  77.9  per 
cent,  but  the  increase  in  tonnage  was  only  16.4  per 
cent.  In  the  case  of  steamers  under  corporate 
ownership,  this  condition  was  reversed,  the  number 
of  vessels  increasing  37.4  per  cent  and  the  tonnage 
110.1  per  cent.  Vessels  in  this  class  owned  by  firms 
increased  10.7  per  cent  in  number,  but  decreased 
49.5  per  cent  in  tonnage.  From  1906  to  1916  sailing 
vessels  decreased  both  in  niunber  and  tormage, 
although    those    owned    by    corporations    showed    a 


small  increase  in  both  respects.  These  vessels  corpo- 
rately  o\vned  increased  from  9.4  per  cent  of  the  total 
number  m  1906  to  23  per  cent  in  1916,  and  from  35.3 
per  cent  of  the  total  tonnage  in  1906  to  59.3  per  cent 
in  1916.  Saihng  vessels  owned  by  individuals  de- 
creased in  number  from  69.1  per  cent  of  the  total  in 
1906  to  59.7  per  cent  in  1916,  and  in  tonnage  from 
29.9  per  cent  to  22.4  per  cent.  Figures  for  the 
unrigged  class  show  that  in  1916  corporations  owned 
6S.8  per  cent  of  the  number  and  73.4  per  cent  of  the 
tomiage  of  such  vessels.  The  corresponding  percent- 
ages for  1906  were  65.7  and  70.9,  respectively. 

CONSTRUCTION. 

The  classification  of  the  shipping  of  the  Atlantic 
coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico  with  reference  to  material 
of  construction  is  shown,  by  class  and  occupation,  for 
1916,  1906,  and  1889,  m  Table  16. 


Table  16.— NUMBER,  GROSS  TONNAGE,  AND  VALUE  OF  VESSELS,  BY  CHARACTER  OF  CONSTRUCTION  AND  BY 

CLASS  AND  OCCUPATION:  1916,  1906,  AND  1889. 


CLASS  ANB  OCCTJPATIOK. 


Total 

Steam' 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessel: 

Ferryboats 

Yachts 

Miscelianeous 

Sail 

Freight  and  passenger 

Yachts 

Ifiscellaneous 

Unrigged 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 


1916 
IQfW 
1SS9 

1916 
1906 
1SS9 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1SS9 

1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1S89 


Num- 
ber 
of 

ves- 
sels. 


21,658 
20,032 
12,238 


8,3i7 
5  413 
2,536 


2,798 

1,523 

810 

1,856 
1,690 
1,095 

262 

270 
214 

2,587 

1,.577 

170 

844 
353 
247 

2,539 
5,920 
6,277 


1,972 
4,227 
5,229 

495 

1,358 

628 

72 
335 
420 

10, 772 
S,699 
3,425 


Gro^g 
tonnage. 


6,508,017 
4,8.51,421 
2, 658, lis 


2, 828, 033 

1, 457,  S94 

741,770 


2,403,734 

1,045,811 

487,939 

153, 122 
148,992 
61,359 

153,818 
162,834 
98,174 

81,766 
70, 461 
11,328 

36,513 
29,796 
82,970 

803,426 
1,132,905 
1,293,192 


790,630 
1,105,901 
1,260,362 

10,180 
21,046 
14,428 

2,616 

5,958 
18,402 

2,876,238 

2,260,622 

623,483 


Value 

of 
vessels. 


$629,074,203 
273,105,915 
116,042,0()2 


517,410,317 
193,926,327 
65,518,640 


430.299,612 
121,136,485 
36,989,280 

37,fm,756 
25,894,551 
10,203,330 

14,664,863 

19, 970, 466 

7,907,700 

25,590,224 

21,290,339 

3,520,610 

9,013,862 
5,634,486 
6,897,720 

42,930,897 
37,620,903 
42,685,982 


40,824,576 
33, 213, 849 
38,777,627 

1,792,288 
3, 775, 743 
2,681,455 

314,033 

531,311 

1,226,900 

68,732,989 
41,058,685 
7,837,440 


Num- 
ber 
ot 
ves- 
sels. 


1,769 

1,148 

434 


1,417 
993 
421 


727 
395 
188 

388 
323 
103 

127 
127 
59 

121 
107 
25 

54 
41 
46 

95 
76 
13 


257 

79 


Gross 
tomiage. 


2,776,363 

1,247,8.38 

364,283 


$476,382,954 
155, 776, 134 
33,622,030 


2,462,024 

1,086.446 

355, 065 


2,221,782 
849,069 
254,457 

72,275 
70, 134 
8,588 

117,188 

114,498 

40,510 

34, 469 

33,369 

4,864 

16,310 
16,376 
46,646 

122,678 
84,726 
9,218 


119,834 
82,  470 
8,737 

2,844 

2,256 

481 


191,661 
76,666 


Value 

ot 
vessels. 


4,55,549,017 
147,640,277 
32,897,230 


405,238,057 
104,382,729 
21,720,810 

20,109,246 

12,055,761 
1,626,800 

12,251,138 
15,971,767 
3,936,500 

12,971,874 
11,807,070 
1,649,720 

4,978,702 
3,422.950 
3,963,400 

9,688,773 

4,. 323, 786 

724,800 


9,048,773 

3,588,786 

614,600 

640,000 
735,000 
210,300 


11,145,164 

3,812,071 


Num- 
ber 
of 
ves- 
sels. 


19,850 
18,827 
11,714 


6,901 
4,383 
2,091 


2,059 

1,123 

612 

1,467 
1,363 


135 
143 
155 

2,452 

1,449 

142 

788 
310 
196 

2,435 
5, 820 
6,198 


1,887 
4,168 
5,163 

476 

1,317 

619 

72 
335 
416 

10,514 
8,619 
J3,425 


Gross 
tonnage. 


3,720,454 
3,591,278 
2,269,558 


355, 766 
365,616 
381,340 


172,448 
193,987 
229,165 

80,737 
78,582 
62,535 

36,630 
48,336 
57,664 

45,856 
31,944 
6,111 

20,095 
12, 767 
35,865 

680,390 
1,042,654 
1,264,735 


670, 796 
1,018,738 
1,232,697 

6,978 
17,958 
13,876 

2,616 
6,958 
18,263 

2,684,298 

2,183,008 

623,  483 


Value 

of 
vessels. 


$1.50,657,529 
115,877,581 
81,230.912 


69,903,580 
45,280,050 
32,073,610 


23,589.106 
16,563,756 
14,988,470 

17,721,539 
13, 838, 790 
8,554,730 

2,413,725 
3,998,699 
3,971,200 

12,160,850 
8, 797, 269 
1,735,890 

4,018,360 
2,111,536 
2,823,320 

33,174,624 
32,762,917 
41,325,862 


31,775,803 
29.389,063 
37,658,057 

1,084,788 
2,842,543 
2,450,655 

314,033 

531,311 

1,217,150 

57,579,325 

37,834,614 

7,837,440 


COMPOSITE. 


Num- 
ber 
of 

ves- 
sels. 


Gross 
ton- 
nage. 


11.800 
12.305 
24,604 


11, 163 
5,832 
6,365 


9,504 
2,755 
4,317 

110 

276 
236 


1,441 

2,148 
363 

108 
653 
469 

358 
5,625 
19,239 


4,693 
19,028 

358 
832 
72 


279 
948 


^'aIuo 

of 
vessels. 


f2. 033, 720 
1,452,200 
1,183,120 


1,957,720 

1,006,0(XI 

547,  SOO 


1,472,449 
190,000 
280,000 

10,971 
30,000 
21,800 


457, 500 
686,000 
135,000 

16,800 
100,000 
111,000 

67,500 
434,200 
635,320 


236,000 
606,070 

67,500 
198,200 
20,500 


9,750 

8,500 
12,000 


1  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

*  Concrete. 

>  The  ctiaracter  of  construction  was  not  reported  in  1S89,  bat  for  purposes  of  comparison  In  this  table  all  vessels  are  assumed  to  be  of  wood. 


ATLANTIC  COAST  AND  GULF  OF  MEXICO. 


97 


Diagram  4,— Gross  Tonnage  of  Vessels,  by  Class  and  Char- 
acter OF  Construction:  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


1916 

006 


Wy///y//////////////x///////////////////////^^^^ 


HUNDREDS  OF  TmOuSAMOS  Qf  TONS 
GROSS       TONNAC€         IBIS 


j  COMPOSITE 


Diagram  5. — Value  op  Vessels,  by  Class  and  Character  of 
Construction:  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


y///jy/////////////y////^^^^ 


oz^mm 


IGI6 
1906 


I8>e 

1803 
IS88 


m 


60  100  lAO  200  3GO  300  3S0  400  A50  500 

MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 


^3"""^ 


\////A  COMPOSITE 


VALUE  Op    VESSELS 

COMPOSITE  ^ 

•  2,033,72  0 


As  shown  in  Table  16,  the  metal  (iron  or  steel)  craft 
in  1916  comprised  42.7  per  cent  of  the  total  tonnage, 
the  wooden  vessels  57.2  per  cent,  while  vessels  of  com- 
posite construction  constituted  only  two-tentha  of  1 
per  cent  of  the  total.  The  corresponding  proportions 
in  1906  were  25.7,  7-1,  and  three-tenths  of  1  per  cent, 
and  in  1889,  13.7,  85.4,  and  nine-tenths  of  1  per  cent, 
respectively.  Large  gains  during  the  decade  1906- 
1916  in  both  tonnage  and  value  are  shown  for  vessels 
constructed  of  metal,  amoimting  to  122.5  per  cent  in 
tonnage  and  205.8  per  cent  in  value.  During  the 
same  period  the  wooden  vessels  gained  30  per  cent  in 
value  and  3.6  per  cent  in  tonnage,  and  craft  of  com- 
posite construction  decreased  4.1  per  cent  in  tonnage, 
with  an  increase  of  40  per  cent  in  value. 
116.51.5°— 20 7 


In  1916  more  than  two-fifths  of  the  steam  and  safl 
vessels  were  engaged  in  freight  and  passenger  traffic. 
Those  propelled  by  steam  numbered  2,798,  of  which 
727  were  of  metal  construction,  2,059  of  wooden, 
and  only  12  of  composite  construction.  All  three 
classes  of  construction  va.  freight  and  passenger  vessels 
showed  substantial  gains  sinc«  1906  in  all  items  shown 
in  the  table,  except  m  the  tonnage  of  wooden  vessels, 
the  metal  craft  increasing  161.6  per  cent  in  gross  ton- 
nage and  288.2  per  cent  in  value,  while  the  wooden 
vessels  increased  42.4  per  cent  in  value  but  showed  a 
loss  of  11.1  per  cent  in  tonnage.  The  vessels  of  com- 
posite construction  increased  245  per  cent  in  tonnage 
and  674.9  per  cent  in  value. 

The  sail  vessels  engaged  in  freight  and  passenger 
traffic  did  not  make  so  good  a  showing.  From  1906 
to  1916  the  metal  craft  of  this  class  iacreased  49.1 
per  cent  in  niunber,  45.3  per  cent  in  tonnage,  and  152.1 
per  cent  in  value,  while  the  wooden  vessels  decreased 
54.7  per  cent  in  nimiber  and  34.2  per  cent  in  tonnage, 
but  increased  8.1  per  cent  in  value.  There  were  no 
composite  sail  vessels  of  this  class  in  1916. 

The  imrigged  craft  of  both  metal  and  wooden  con- 
struction made  large  gains  in  number,  tonnage,  and 
value  m  the  ten-year  period  1906-1916.  A  total  of 
257  metal  unrigged  craft,  with  a  tonnage  of  191,661 
and  a  value  of  $11,145,164,  is  shown  for  1916,  which 
represents  mcreases  of  225.3,  150,  and  192.4  per  cent, 
respectively,  over  the  figures  reported  for  1906.  The 
wooden  imrigged  craft  mmabered  10,514,  with  a  ton- 
nage of  2,684,298  and  a  value  of  .?57,579,325,  repre- 
senting increases  of  22,  23,  and  52.2  per  cent,  respec- 
tively, during  the  ten-year  period. 

TONNAGE    OF    VESSELS. 

Table  17  shows  the  gross  and  net  tonnage  of  the 
vessels  m  the  fleet  of  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts,  by 
class  and  occupation,  for  1916  and  1906. 

In  general,  the  net  tonnage  of  steam  vessels  is  about 
two-thirds  of  the  gross  tonnage.  In  the  case  of  sail- 
mg  vessels,  the  proportion  is  considerably  higher,  the 
net  tonnage  being  approximately  nine-tenths  of  the 
gross.  In  unrigged  craft,  almost  the  entire  capacity 
of  the  vessel  is  available  for  cargo  and  consequently 
the  net  tonnage  is  but  shghtly  less  than  the  gross. 

Comparing  the  figures  for  the  years  1906  and  1916 
for  all  vessels,  the  per  cent  of  net  to  gross  tonnage 
shows  a  decrease  from  86.3  per  cent  in  1906  to  82.7 
per  cent  in  1916.  In  other  words,  the  cargo  space  has 
grown  smaller  m  proportion  to  the  entire  capacity  of 
the  vessel. 

The  sail  vessels  show  no  material  change  m  the 
proportion  of  net  to  gross  tonnage,  while  the  im- 
rigged craft,  barges,  lighters,  etc.,  actually  gamed  a 
little  during  the  decade  in  their  proportion  of  cargo 
space. 


98 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  17. — Gkoss  and  Net  Tonnage,  with  Per  Cent  Net  la 
OF  Gross  Tonnage,  by  Class  and  Occupation  of  Vessels: 
1916  AND  1906. 


TONNAGE. 

Percent 
net  Is 

Gross. 

Net. 

ot  gross 
tonnage. 

Total: 

1916. 

6.508,617 
4.S51,42l 

5,384,794 
4,186.451 

82  7 

1906 

Steam:' 

1916                      

2,828,953 
1,457,894 

l,854.0;i7 
972,. 320 

65  5 

1906 

Freight  and  passenger— 

1916 

2.403,734 
1,045,811 

153,122 
148,992 

I.W.SIS 
162,834 

81,766 
70,461 

36,513 
29,796 

803.426 
1,132,905 

1,574.068 
701,560 

93,373 
90,021 

104,862 
113,531 

56,777 
45,228 

24,957 
18,980 

715,117 
1,012,197 

65  5 

1906 

Tu£s  and  01  her  towing  vessel.s  - 

1916 

1906 

Ferryboats— 

1916 

08  2 

1906 

09  7 

Yachts— 

1916 

69  4 

1906 

UIsceDaneous — 

1916 

1906 

Sail: 

1916 

89  0 

1906 

Freight  and  passenger— 

1916 

790,630 
1,105,901 

10,180 
21,046 

2,616 

5,958 

2,876,238 
2,260,622 

704,160 
987,398 

8,598 
19,317 

2,359 

5,482 

2,815,640 
2,201,934 

89  1 

1906 

89  3 

Yachts— 

1916 

84  5 

1906 

Bliscellaneous — 

1916 

1906 

Darigged: 

1916 

97  9 

1906 

97.4 

Canal  boats— 

1916 

63,730 
103,877 

2,812,508 
2,156,745 

61,0«0 
101,195 

2,754,550 
2, 100, 739 

95  9 

1906 

Miscellaneous— 

1916 

97  9 

1906 

» Includes  craft  propelled  by  maohinery. 


Table  18  shows  the  number,  average  size,  value  per 
ton,  and  value  per  vessel  of  the  steam,  sail,  and  un- 


rigged craft  of  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  for  1916, 
1006,  and  1889. 

Table  18.  —Number,  Gross  Tonnage,  and  Value  of  DrrPEB- 
ent  Classes  op  Vessels:  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


CLASS  AND  CENSUS 
YEAB. 


Total: 
1916 
1906 
1889 

Steam: ' 

1916 

1906 

1SS9 

Sail: 

1916 

1906 

1889 

Unrisged: 

1916 

1906 

1889 


Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 


21,658 
20,a!2 
12,238 


8,347 
5,413 
2,536 

2,  .WO 
5,920 
0,277 

10, 772 
8,699 
3,425 


Gross 
tonnage. 


6.50R.617 
4,N.-.1.421 
2,6.>S.  445 


Value  of 
vessels. 


1629,074.203 
273,10.5.915 
110.012,062 


2,828,953 

1, 457. 894 

741,  770 

803,426 
1,1.32,9IH 
1,293,192 

2,876,238 

2,260,622 

623,483 


517,410,317 
193.926,327 
65.518,640 

42,930,897 
37,  .520, 903 
42,685,982 

68,732,989 

41,658,685 

7,837,440 


Average 
tonnage 
per  ves- 
sel. 


301 
242 
217 


.339 
209 
295 

316 

191 
206 

267 
200 
182 


Average 

value 

per  ton. 


J97 
56 
44 


183 
133 


Average 
value 
per  ves- 
sel. 


»29,046 
13. 6  W 
9,482 


61,988 
35,826 
25,835 

16,909 
6.338 
6,800 

6,381 
4,789 
2,28$ 


'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

The  average  tonnage  of  all  vessels  increased  24.4  per 
cent  from  1906  to  1916,  and  the  average  value  per 
vessel  113.1  per  cent  during  that  period.  In  fact, 
since  1889  (27  years)  the  average  value  per  vessel 
has  risen  from  $9,482  to  $29,046,  or  206.3  per  cent. 
Of  the  three  classes,  steam,  sail,  and  unrigged  vessels, 
the  sail  vessels  showed  the  greatest  relative  increase 
from  1906  to  1916,  both  m  average  tonnage  and  in 
average  value  per  vessel.  The  uiirigged  craft  did  not 
vary  much  in  average  tonnage  durmg  the  decade,  but 
in  regard  to  the  average  value  per  vessel  this  class 
showed  an  increase  of  33.2  per  cent  during  the  10- 
year  period. 

Table  19  shows  the  steam,  sail,  and  imrigged  craft, 
grouped  according  to  gross  tonnage,  for  1916  and  1906. 


Table  19.— VESSELS  GROUPED  ACCORDING  TO  GROSS  TONNAGE:  1916  AND  1906. 


TONNAGE. 

TOTAL. 

.STEAM. 1 

SAIL. 

UNBIOOES. 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1918 

1906 

1916 

1906 

Total: 

Number  of  vessels 

21,658 
6,508,617 

20,032 
4,851,421 

8,347 
2,828,953 

5,413 

1,457,894 

2,539 
803,426 

5,920 
1,132,905 

10,772 
2,876,238 

8,699 
2,260,623 

Grosstonnage 

6  to  49  tons: 

Number  of  vessels 

7,660 
136,637 

1,959 
138,  582 

3,635 
523,480 

2,727 
657, 183 

1,711 
581,103 

1,324 
577,888 

1,665 
1,123,087 

555 
847,018 

279 

968,958 

143 

9M,686 

7,413 
133,812 

2,129 
151,754 

3,839 
540,840 

2,127 
513,836 

1,429 

486,094 

869 
380,276 

1,441 
997, 370 

585 
852,007 

169 
556,311 

31 
230, 121 

5,575 
89,833 

805 
58,682 

602 
85,381 

259 
62,893 

109 
38, 141 

115 

50,800 

235 

167,763 

241 
402,798 

263 

917,976 

143 
954,686 

3,019 

55,988 

763 
55,734 

590 
83,092 

225 
54,840 

107 
37,370 

115 
51,113 

249 
176,096 

184 
289,359 

131 
429,399 

30 
224,903 

1,229 
24,497 

307 
21,071 

166 
23,891 

104 
26,923 

72 
24,835 

65 
28, 826 

364 

278,460 

216 
324,941 

16 
50,982 

3,792 
63,191 

592 
40,928 

299 
42,889 

169 
41,971 

137 
47,615 

155 
69,299 

485 
356,998 

262 
380,716 

28 
84,080 

1 
5,218 

856 
22,307 

847 
58,829 

2,867 
414,208 

2,364 
568,367 

1,530 
518, 127 

1,144 
498,262 

1,066 
676,864 

98 
119,274 

Gross  tonnage 

14,633 
774 

80  to  99  tons: 

Number  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnage 

55,093 

2,950 
423,859 

1  733 

100  to  199  tons: 

Number  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnage 

200  to  299  tons: 

Number  of  vessels ' 

Gross  tonnage 

417,025 
1  185 

300  to  399  tons: 

Number  of  vessels « 

(Jross  tonnage 

400  to  499  tons: 

Number  of  vessels 

599 

Grosstonnage 

259,864 
707 

600  to  999  tons: 

Numl>er  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnage 

464,276 
139 

1,000  to  2,499  tons: 

Number  of  vessels 

G  ross  t  oimage 

181,932 
10 

2,500  to  4,999  tons: 

Numl)«r  of  vessels 

Grosstonnage 

42,832 

8,000  tons  and  over: 

Number  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnage 

•  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


ATLANTIC  COAST  AND  GULF  OF  MEXICO. 


99 


Over  one-thii'd  of  all  the  vessels  on  the  Atlantic  and 
Gulf  coasts  in  1916  were  of  less  than  50  tons  gross 
register,  the  total  niunber  in  this  class  being  7.660. 
Of  these,  5.57.5  were  steamers,  1,229  sailing  vessels, 
and  856  luij-igged  craft.  Tliere  were  only  977  vessels, 
or  4-5  per  cent  of  the  total,  with  a  gross  register 
amounting  to  1,000  tons  or  over,  and  of  this  nimiber, 
647  were  steam,  2-32  sailmg  vessels,  and  98  imrigged 
craft.  The  group  of  steamers  showing  the  greatest 
increase  in  niunber  was  that  with  a  gross  register  of 
less  than  50  tons,  the  mcrease  amoimting  to  2,556 
vessels  from  1906  to  1916.  Most  of  these  craft  were 
propelled  by  gasoline  engines,  such  vessels  increasing 
largely  in  number  in  later  years. 

Steamers  with  a  gross  register  of  1,000  tons  or  over 
show  large  increases  in  number  and  tonnage  from  1906 
to  1916,  amoimting  to  87.5  per  cent  in  number  and 


141.1  per  cent  in  tonnage  SaQing  and  unrigged 
vessels  in  this  class,  however,  show  decreases  in  both 
number  and  tonnage,  amounting  to  20.3  per  cent  in 
number  and  20  per  rent  in  tonnage  for  sailing  vessels, 
and  34.2  per  cent  in  number  and  46  9  per  cent  in 
tonnage  for  unrigged  craft.  This  decrease  in  sailing 
vessels  of  large  capacity  is  consistent  with  the  general 
decrease  m  all  vessels  of  this  class,  but  in  the  case  of 
imrigged  craft  the  decrease  is  confined  almost  entirely 
to  these  large  vessels,  the  only  other  group  showing 
decreases  in  number  and  tonnage  being  that  with  a 
gross  register  of  from  100  to  199  tons.  The  decrease 
in  this  group  was  slight,  however,  amounting  to  only 
2.8  per  cent  in  number  and  2.3  per  cent  in  tonnage. 

Table  20  shows  average  size  and  average  value  per 
vessel  and  per  ton  of  metal,  wooden,  and  composite  ves- 
sels, by  class  and  occupation,  for  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


Table  20. 


-AVERAGE  GROSS  TONNAGE  AND  VALUE  PER  VESSEL  AND  AVERAGE  VALUE  PER  TON:  1916,  1906,  AND 

1889. 


Census 
year. 

TOTAL. 

METAL. 

WOOD. 

COMPOSITE. 

CLASS  AND  OCCXJPATION. 

Average 
tonnage 

per 
vessel. 

Average 

value 

per 

vessel. 

Average 
value 

ion. 

Average 
tonnage 

per 
vessel. 

Average 

value 

per 

vessel. 

Average 
value 

ton. 

Average 
tonnage 

per 
vessel. 

Average 

value 

per 

vessel. 

Average 

value 

per 

ton. 

Average 
tonnage 

per 
vessel. 

Average    Average 

value        value 

per            per 

vessel.        ton. 

Total     .                                    

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1S89 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 

1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1S89 

301 
242 
217 

$29,046 
13,633 
9,482 

S97 
66 
44 

1,569 

1,087 

839 

$269,295 
135,693 
77,470 

S172 

126 
92 

187 
191 
194 

$7,590 
6,155 
6,935 

$41 
32 
36 

303 
216 
273 

$52,147 
26,477 
13, 146 

$172 

118 
4S 

Steam'-                    

339 
269 
292 

61,988 
35,826 
25,835 

183 
133 
88 

1,737 

1,094 

&13 

321,488            185 

62 
83 
182 

8,680 
10,319 
15,339 

168 
124 

84 

385 
182 
224 

67,508 
31,438 
22,825 

175 

148,681 
78, 141 

136 
93 

172 
102 

Freight  and  passenger 

859 
687 
602 

83 

88 
56 

687 
603 
469 

32 

45 
67 

43 

84 

336 

316 
191 

206 

153,788 
79,538 
45,666 

20,389 
15,322 
9,318 

65,973 
73,965 
36,952 

9,892 
13,601 
20,709 

10,680 
15,  %2 
27,928 

16,909 
6,338 
6,800 

179 
116 
76 

247 

174 
166 

96 
123 
81 

313 
302 
311 

247 
189 
83 

63 
33 
33 

3,056 
2, 150 
1,353 

186 

217 

83 

923 

902 
687 

285 
340 
195 

302 

399 

1,014 

1,291 
1,115 

709 

557,411 
264,260 
115,636 

61,828 
37,324 
15,794 

96,466 
125,762 
66,720 

107,206 
110,346 
65,989 

92,198 
83,487 
86, 161 

101,987 
56,892 
65,754 

182 
123 

85 

278 
172 
189 

105 
139 
97 

376 
325 
339 

305 

209 

85 

79 
51 
79 

84 
173 
374 

55 
68 
53 

271 
338 
372 

19 
22 
43 

26 
41 
183 

279 
179 
204 

11,457 
14,750 
24,491 

12,080 
10,131 
8,676 

17,879 
27,963 
25,621 

4,960 
6,071 
12,225 

6,099 
6,811 
14,406 

13,624 
5,629 
6,668 

137 
85 
65 

219 
176 
163 

66 
83 
69 

265 
275 
284 

200 
165 
79 

49 
31 
33 

792 
551 
432 

110 
69 
39 

122,704 
38,000 
28,000 

10,971 
7,600 
3,633 

155 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels 

69 
65 

100 

Ferryboats 

109 
92 

Yachts 

103 
102 
118 

54 

327 

92 

40 
230 
292 

32,678 
32,667 
45,000 

8,400 
50,000 
22,200 

7,500 
18,092 
9,626 

317 

lfl<;r.At1(^nnnn<; 

319 
382 

156 

Sail 

153 
242 

189 

79 
33 

Freight  and  passenger 

401 
262 
241 

21 
15 
23 

36 
18 
44 

267 

20,702 
7,858 
7,416 

3,621 

2,780 
4,270 

4,362 
1,5S6 
2,921 

6   ItSI 

52 
30 
31 

176 

179 
186 

120 
89 
67 

24 
18 
13 

1,410 
1,447 
1,248 

284 
119 
80 

106,456 
62,961 
73,600 

64,000 
38,684 
35,060 

76 
44 
59 

226 
326 
437 

355 
244 
239 

15 
14 
22 

36 
18 
44 

256 
253 
182 

16  839              i" 

Yachts 

7,051 
7,294 

2,279 
2,168 
3,969 

4,362 
1,686 
2,926 

5,476 
4,390 
2,288 

29 
31 

156 

158 
177 

120 
89 
67 

21 
17 
13 

2,347 
323 

40 
38 
24 

118,000 
10,255 

7,500 
9,009 
6,833 

60 
32 

189 

Mi*5^ilaTie^>us . 

238 
285 

35 

279 
948 

2,438 

8,600 
12,000 

70 

746 
970 

43,366 
48,264 

68 
50 

30 

260          4^789 
182           2. 288 

13 

■ 

» Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


Naturally,  the  vessels  of  metal  construction  show 
a  much  higher  average  value  than  the  wooden  craft, 
the  average  value  of  the  metal  vessels  per  ton  in  1916 
being  $172,  as  compared  with  $41  for  those  of  wood 
construction.  The  average  value  per  ton  for  com- 
posite vessels  was  the  same  as  those  of  metal,  SI 72. 
All  three  classes  of  vessels  increased  in  value  per 
ton  from  1906  to  1916. 


Only  two  classes  of  craft  propelled  by  machinery, 
the  freight  and  passenger  vessels  and  the  tugs,  showed 
increases  in  average  value  per  vessel  during  the  dec- 
ade, while  all  classes  of  sail  vessels  and  the  mirigged 
craft,  as  a  whole,  showed  substantial  gains  in  this 
respect.  Ferryboats  show  the  most  pronounced  de- 
crease in  value  from  1906  to  1916,  due  largely  to  the 
continuance  in  the  service  of  manv  old  vessels. 


100 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


CHARACTER  OF  PROPULSION  AND  HORSEPOWER. 

Table  21  shows  the  number,  gross  tonnage,  and 
horsepower  of  vessels  propelled  by  machinery,  by 
character  of  propulsion  ami  kind  of  power  used,  for 
1916  and  1906. 

Table  21. — Vessels  Propelled  by  Machinery,  by  Character 
OP  Propulsion  and  Kind  of  Power:  1916  and  190G. 


Table  22. 


Tlio  most  significant  fact  shown  in  this  table  is  the 
great  increase  in  vessels  using  gasoline  as  the  propelling 
power.  This  class  of  craft  increased  161.2  per  cent  in 
number  from  1906  to  1916,  while  the  number  of  ves- 
sels propelled  by  steam  actually  decreased  7.1  per 
cent.  However,  the  gross  tonnage  of  the  5,157  gaso- 
line vessels  was  equal  to  only  4.6  per  cent  of  the  gross 
tonnage  of  the  3,190  steam  craft.  Likewise,  the  total 
horsepower  of  the  craft  using  gasoUne  amounted  to 
only  8.3  per  cent  of  the  horsepower  of  the  vessels  pro- 
pelled by  steam. 

Vessels  driven  by  screw  propellers  constituted  95.1 
per  cent  of  the  total  number  in  1916  and  92.4  per  cent 
of  the  total  tonnage.  They  also  reported  90.8  per 
cent  of  the  total  horsepower  for  all  vessels.  These 
vessels  showed  substantial  increases  in  number,  ton- 
nage, and  horsepower  from  1906  to  1916,  while  craft 
equipped  with  side  or  stern  wheels  showed  decreases 
in  all  three  respects  during  the  decade. 

Table  22  shows  the  classification  of  vessels  accord- 
ing to  character  of  propulsion  and  horsepower  of  en- 
gines, by  occupation,  for  1916  and  1906. 

-CHARACTER  OF  PROPULSION  AND  HORSEPOWER  OF  VESSELS  PROPELLED  BY  MACHINERY,  BY 

OCCUPATION:  191G  AND  1906. 


CHARACTER    OF    PRO- 

miMBER    OF 

VESSELS. 

GROSS  TONNAGE. 

HORSEPOWER         OF 

E.NGINES. 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

Total 

8,347 

5,413 

2,828,953 

1,457,894 

2,597,427 

1, 758, 378 

Steam 

<r\soUne 

3,190 
5,157 

3,434 

1,974 

5 

2,704,401 
124,492 

1, 423, 750 

34,072 

72 

2,39.S,058 
199,369 

1,712,3,82 

45,932 

64 

Screw          

7,934 
2,849 
5,085 

4,858 

2,907 

1,946 

5 

370 

308 

2 

183 
157 
26 

2 
2 

2,014,349 

2,491,401 

122,888 

1,109,305 

1,13.5,. 578 

33,  (a5 

72 

270,853 

270,831 

22 

17,021 

17, 226 

395 

115 
115 

2,3.57,3.39 

2, 100,  2K 

197, 103 

1,458,521 

1,413,088 

Gasoline 

45,309 

64 

257 
256 

1 

156 
85 
71 

2ft5, 10B 

205,3X7 

19 

9,198 
7,013 
1,585 

228,275 

22S,  245 

30 

11,813 
9,  .577 
2,230 

279,705 

Steam 

279,075 

Gasoline 

30 

'Stem  wheel . .   . 

20,090 

19, 5.57 

Gasolino 

533 

Another 

02 

Steam. . 



02 



Census 

year. 

1 
CHARACTER    OF  PROPtTLSION.                                      ,                                HORSEPO-WER  OF 

ENGINES. 

OCCUPATION. 

Total. 

Screw 
(number). 

Side 

wheel 

(number). 

Stem 

wheel 

(number). 

.\II  ether 
'number). 

Total. 

Steam. 

Gasoline. 

AUdlher. 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

8,347 
5,413 

7,934 
4,858 

2.57 
370 

1.56 
183 

2,597,427 
1,7.58,378 

2,398,058 
1,712,382 

199,369 
45, 932 

2 

M 

2,798 
1,523 

1,856 
1,690 

202 
270 

2,  .5,87 
1,577 

844 
333 

2,584 
1,225 

1,781 
1,606 

144 

111 

■    2,587 
1,573 

838 
343 

131 

194 

4 
11 

117 
156 

83 
104 

71 
73 

1 
1 

1,719,176 
1,003,177 

4.35,  .515 
3.82,557 

1.55,600 
1.58,335 

216,781 
172,965 

70,3.55 
41,344 

1,669,276 
992,963 

420,729 
381,051 

154.1.58 
158,140 

111,025 
142,203 

42,870 
38, 023 

49,900 
10,214 

14,786 
1,506 

1,442 
195 

105,7.56 
30,706 

27,485 
3,311 

2 

Yachts 

I 

5 
S 

3 

1 

56 

8 

INCOME. 

Table  23  shows  the  gross  income  of  all  vessels 
(except  fishing  vessels),  by  occupation,  with  per  cent 
of  increase,  for  1916  and  1906. 

The  total  income  for  all  vessels  in  1916,  not  including 
that  reported  by  fishing  vessels,  was  $376,806,060,  a 
gain  of  .1217,046,136,  or  135.8  per  cent,  over  the  in- 
come reported  for  1906.  Of  the  total  income  in  1916, 
$288,158,996,  or  76.5  per  cent,  was  derived  from 
freight;  of  the  remainder,  .$31,475,454,  or  8.4  per 
cent,  was  from  passengers,  and  .$57,171,610,  or  15.2 
per  cent,  from  all  other  sources.  In  1916  the  income 
of  the  towing  vessels  and  unrigged  craft  amounted  to 
$87,689,998,  being  an  increase  of  .$32,962,002,  or  60.2 
per  cent,  since  1906.  The  income  of  these  tugs  and 
unrigged  craft  from  freight  showed  an  increase  of 
$30,895,988,  or  196.8  per  cent,  during  the  period 
1906-1916;  while  the  small  income  from  passenger 


traffic  showed   a  large  proportionate  decrease,   SO. 2 
per  cent. 

Table  23. — Gross  Inxome — All  Vessels  and  Ceapt,  Exclu- 
sive op   Fishing  Vessels,  by  Occupation,  With  Per  Cent 

OP   iNCBE.iSE:   1916   AND   1906. 


OCCUPATION  AND  CENSUS  TEAR. 


Total: 

1916 

1900 

Per  cent   of  in- 
crease  


Total. 


1376,806,060 
$159,759,924 

135.8 


Freight  and  passenger:  I 

1910 ,$275, 509, 040 

1 900 $92, 09(1 ,  988 

Per  cent  of  increase . . . . '  199. 2 

Towing  vessels  and  unrigged  ) 
craft: 

1916 S87, 689, 998 

$54,727,990 
60.2 


1906. 

Per  cent  of  increase  * . . , 
All  other: 

1910 

190ij 

Per  cent  of  increase  ' . . 


$13,007,022 

$12,934,940 

5.2 


Freight. 


8288, 158, 996 
$83,890,161 


$241,5a3,075 

$68,185,461 

254.3 


$46,593,413 

$15,697,425 

196.8 


2,508 
7,275 
-65.5 


Passenger.    All  other. 


$31,475,454   S.57, 171,610 
$25,643,332   $50,226,431 


22.7 


13.8 


$24,794,470 
$18, 208,  .305 
36.2 


$9, 161 

$40,234 

-80.2 

$0,  on,  823 

$7,388,713 

-9.7 


151,  495 
703, 162 

eo.o 


087,424 
984,317 
5.4 

932,691 
538,952 
25.2 


A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


ATLANTIC  COAST  AND  GULF  OF  MEXICO. 


101 


EMPLOYEES  AND  SALARIES  AND  WAGES. 

Table  24  gives  the  number  of  employees,  with  their 
salaries  and  wages,  with  per  cent  of  increase,  for 
1916  and  1906. 

Table  24. — Employees  and   Salaries  and  Wages,  with  Pek 
Cent  of  Increase:  1916  and  1906. 


NUMBER  OF  EMPLOYEES. 

SALARIES  AND  WAGES. 

1916 

Per 

lonn    cent  of 
1906    j     jjj. 

1  crease. 

1916 

1906 

Per 

cent  of 

in- 
crease 

Total 

152,561 

109,985 

38.7 

$84,957,5,52 

$59, 125, 132 

43.7 

84,978 

67,583 

13,235 
64,348 

77,124 

32,861 

8,600 
24,361 

10.2 

105.7 

6.5.7 
.123.1 

6S,  902, 964 

26,054,588 

10,9R7,&30 
15, 066,  758 

38,352,259 

20,772,873 

7,865,181 
12,907,692 

63.6 

On  land . . . 

25.4 

Officers,     managers, 
clerks,  etc 

39.7 

All  otber    , 

16.  7 

The  total  number  of  employees  engaged  in  trans- 
portation by  water  on  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts 
in  1916  was  152,561,  and  their  total  salaries  and 
wages  amounted  to  $84,957,552.  When  compared 
with  the  corresponding  totals  for  1906,  these  figures 
show  an  increase  of  38. 7  per  cent  in  the  number 
employed  and  43.7  per  cent  in  the  amount  of  salaries 
and  wages  paid.  Of  the  total  number  of  employees, 
those  employed  on  the  vessels  formed  55.7  per  cent 
and  their  salaries  and  wages  formed  69.3  per  cent  of 
the  total. 

FREIGHT. 

Table  25  shows  the  thfferent  classes  of  commodi- 
ties shipped  at  Atlantic  and  Gulf  ports  in  1916  and 
1906. 


Table  25. — Freight  Shipped,  bt  Commodities:  1916  and  1906. 


COMMODITY 


Total tons'. 

Canned  goods tons. 

Cement,  brick,  and  Ume tons. 

Coal tons. 

Cotton tons. 

Flonr tons. 

Fruits  and  vegetables tons. 

Grain tons. 

Ice tons. 

Iron  ore tons. 

Lumber {tJll^i: 

Naval  stores tons . 

Petroleum  and  other  oils {barrels 

Phosphate  and  fertilizer tons. 

Pig  iron  and  steel  rails tons . 

Stone,  sand,  etc tons. 

Tobacco tons. 

Miscellaneous  merchandise tons. 


QUANTITY. 


1916 


1906 


80,259,375  |    65,300,958 


535, 
2,3.50! 
23,24.S: 

74i; 

232! 
1,613: 

862, 

94i; 

344 

6,'880: 

(S,988, 

416, 

10, 358, 

(68, 970, 

1,279, 

718, 

6, 718, 

140, 

23, 875, 


372 

779 

105 

400 

127 

586 

378 

648 

968 

916 

OlS) 

360 

849 

191) 

937 

734 

929 

226 

061 


193, 002 

4,738,177 

19, 149, 753 

793,992 

104,362 

796,329 

.530,843 

1,951,18.S; 

18,465- 

6,050,814 

(S,793,7iey 

373,261 

2,670,205. 

(/e,S40,7/«) 

1,187,883. 

064,7.58 

7,391,354 

165,776 

18, 580, 196 


■  All  tons  of  2,000  pounds. 

The  total  shipments  of  all  commodities  from  ports 
on  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  in  1916  amoimted  to 
80,259,375  tons,  which  was  an  increase  of  14,898,417 
tons,  or  22.8  per  cent,  as  compared  vnth  1906.  In 
1916  coal  shipments  amounting  to  23,248,105  tons 
formed  the  largest  single  item  of  traffic,  a  condition 
similar  to  that  in  1906.  Petroleum  and  other  oils 
ranked  next  to  coal  with  10,358,849  tons,  and  stone^ 
sand,  etc.,  was  third  with  6,718,929  tons.  Miscella- 
neous merchandise,  which  included  all  commodities 
shipped  except  those  specially  mentioned  in  the  table, 
totaled  23,875,061  tons. 

The  commodities  wliich  showed  tonnage  decreases  in 
water  shipments  since  1906  were  cement,  brick,  and 
lime ;  cotton ;  ice ;  lumber ;  stone,  sand,  etc. ;  and  tobacco. 

Table  26  shows  the  shipments  and  receipts  of  princi- 
pal commodities  m  1916  for  each  of  the  principal  ports 
of  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts. 


1U2  TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 

Table  26.— SHIPMENTS  AXD  RECEIPTS  OF  PRIXCIPAL  COMMODITIES,  BY  PORTS:  1916  AND  1906. 


Total 

Albany,  N.Y 

Baltimore,  Md '. 

BaD^or,  Me 

Beaufort,  N.C 

Boston,  Mass 

Bridgeport,  Conn 

Brunswick,  Oa 

Charleston,  S.  C 

Fall  River,  Mass 

Galveston,  Tex 

OuUport ,  Miss 

Jacksonville,  Fla 

Jersey  City,  N.  J 

Key  West,  Fla 

Mobile,  Ala 

New  Bedford,  Mass 

New  Haven,  Conn 

New  London,  Conn , 

New  Orleans,  La 

New  York,  N.Y 

Norfolk  and  Newport  News,  Va 

Pensacola,  Fla 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Port  .\rthar,  Tex 

Portland,  Me 

Portsmouth,  N.n , 

Providence,  R.I 

Rockland,  Me , 

Savannah,  Ga 

Tampa  and  Port  Tampa  City,  Fla 

Washington,  D.C 

Wilmington,  Del 

Wilmington,  N.C 

AU  other  Atlantic  and  Gulf  ports 

Ports  other  than  those  on  the  Atlantic 
and  Gull  coasts  of  the  United  States. 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 


TOTAL  (TOSS  OF  2,000 
FOtniDS). 


Ship- 
ments. 


Receipts. 


1916  Sil.  259,375 
1906  iM,:SliU,95S 


1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 


181,059 


3,293,932 

3,579,407 

32,128 

255,613 

3,437 


l,W9,954 
887,001 
117,720 


162,175 


373, 898 
303,950 
387,679 
274,646 

1,276,995 
734,915 
160,677 
48,061 
839,356 
661,615 

73,687 
186,982 
283,746 


349,632 
200,725 

205,302 
163,951 
451,408 
161,666 
250,016 
240,303 

995,617 
741,621 
9,472,750 
8,598,374 
13,873,097 
7,680,230 

99,012 
56,130 
4,221,338 
5,213,485 
1,877,967 
1,052,778 

220,579 
303,295 
20,777 
25,390 
462,239 
341,524 

86,693 
175,904 
584,914 
907,397 
358,785 
372,467 

59,813 
92,910 
60,992 
95,241 
74,812 
121,930 

29,264,866 
30,235,656 

9,032,323 
1,587,789 


80,259,375 
l)5,360,9.iS 


263,043 


3,766,907 

1,858,443 

355,532 

319,546 

13,941 


9,936,637 
6,533,573 
1,182,652 


56,030 


367,706 
414,730 
639,649 
786,392 

898,186 
960,982 
113,070 
346,096 
655,884 
331,951 

29,782 
167,548 
162,217 


246,654 
102,533 

755,615 
581,176 
1,702,236 
2,156,814 
781,670 
887,404 

1,240,150 
1,182,863 
13, 151, 125 
17.507,906 
3,245,924 
2,808,346 

78,798 
121,632 
3,2i2,840 
2,721,4.56 
756,740 
39,363 

1,528,890 
1,337,316 
224,316 
362,820 
3.936,714 
2,749,511 

193,339 
149,496 
463.805 
582,966 
440,352 
188,692 

858,197 
599,177 
243,019 
250,188 
87,354 
145,209 

19,839,309 
16,803,986 

8,791.092 
2,340,843 


CANNED  GOODS 

(TOSS  OF  2,000 

POUNDS). 


Ship- 
ments. 


5.^5,372 
193,602 


120,015 
49,005 


10 
118 


15,966 
15,156 


420 
610 


1,400 
92,499 


25 

4,490 

30 

20 


675 
736 


70 


1,500 


6,382 
823 
86,  (M5 
46,191 
2,125 
2,973 

82 

329 

12,619 

2,580 


341 
9,517 


500 
1,563 

562 

2 

1,173 

1,057 

420 

83 

3,913 

40 

50 

50 

1.249 

1,918 

175,419 
57,417 

9,606 
501 


Re- 
ceipts. 


5ai,372 
193,602 


1,810 


64,553 
18,640 


240 


41,189 
16,746 


1,412 


7,635 
581 
225 

1,050 

35,498 

14,312 

2 

27 

6,284 

457 


1,221 


3,243 
3,038 


40O 
10,800 


60 

21,035 
1,036 
125,572 
22,880 
60,073 
29,158 

100 

8 

11,584 

9,563 

6,712 


1,300 
1,430 


2,378 
3,834 

4,305 

15,191 

16,487 

8,247 

1,153 

1,885 

1,502 

20O 

50 

185 

207 

78,138 
40,135 

34,755 
421 


CEMENT,  BRICK, 

AND  LIME  (TOSS  OF 

2,000  POUND.*). 


Ship- 
ments. 


2,350,779 

4,738,177 


2,3.V),779 
4,738,177 


33,091 

11,028 

360 


4,423 
2,697 


260 


2)3 
196 
90 
420 

1,120 

134 

1,540 


3,067 
10 

44,396 
19,735 
12,560 


2,269 
591 

280 
96 
349 
600 


2,405 

6,189 

490 

296,645 

181,425 

4,2.37 

4,265 

1,662 

134 

18,987 

6,427 


513 
947 


19,060 
1,870 
2,060 

43,955 

124,M1 

248 

15 

ISO 

283 

3,242 
872 


990 
2.628 
1,719 

1,833.  .591 
4.355,985 

46 
950 


Receipts. 


23,248,105 
19,149,753 


150 


2,777 
21,936 
3,525 
9,799 


22,624 
77,707 
6,680 


3,021 


3,880 

42,5.53 

2,330 

2,590 

6,837 

13,865 

378 


21,577 
18,154 


3,428 
1,169 


671 
4,814 

2,296 


14,399 

3,2lU 

5>!2 

2,280 

9,092 

21,3.y 

1,474,578 

3,491,267 

42,264 

29,528 

62 


8% 

3,562 

463 


439 
8,051 


11,070 
13,262 

3,748 
7,833 
12,529 
34,714 
15,687 
2,082 

16,641 
2,a>4 
3,064 
25 
1,378 

16,115 

408,063 
899,823 

254,909 
18,039 


CO.AL  (TONS  OF  2,000 
POUNDS). 


Ship- 
ments. 


1,647,061 
2, 274, 731 


40 

130 


2,999 

3,080 

155 


101,291 

l,a59 

74,630 


100 
1,795 


1,162 
350 

4,244 
117,866 


45,965 
1,481 

2,514 
2,0-20 


698 
8,450 

4,481 

3,419 

907,025 

943,592 

8,839,022 

4,081,999 

3,594 

4,1,t6 

2,605,054 

3,784,825 


1,811 
3,138 
11,977 
6,130 
315 
849 

19,330 

1,903 

1,214 

2,701 

113 


12,808 
46,962 


6,985 

1,7S2 

242 

8,844,199 
7,842,976 

72,327 
9,004 


Receipts. 


COTTON  (TONS  OF 
2,000  POUNDS). 


Ship- 
ments. 


23,248,105 
19,149,753 


12,938 


246,972 

15,026 

334,452 

262,981 

150 


7.399,014 

4,699,655 

862,903 


70 


28.738 

83,. 171 

31V).  388 

570,438 

1,.'!05 
50,390 


67,039 
97,356 


3,789 
28,362 


80,382 
4,863 

561,165 
476,879 
1, 433,  i.n 
1,830,953 
424,277 
592,555 

84,  ro 

12,631 
311,620 
502,345 

63,304 
102,521 

12 

4,131 

8,186 

31,911 

78 

430 

1,071,633 
1,124.065 
223,  .322 
341.261 
3,090,918 
2,258,373 

100,071 
76,270 
36,223 

130, 149 
17,311 
35,360 

22,928 
88,161 


741,400 
793.992 


8,236 
12.188 


542 


3,946 
48 


9,105 


52,912 
62,882 


206,308 
137,628 


8,116 
1,940 


3,702 
15,383 


30,121 
45,4.39 
71,435 
47,289 
102, 100 
118,693 


45 
754 
139 


Re- 
ceipts. 


FLOtJB  (TONS  OF 
2,000  POUNDS). 


Ship- 
ments. 


741,400     232,127 
793,992     1C«,362 


2,070 


35,235 
61,130 


32 


127,423 
143,360 


13 


566 
4,036 


14,900 

23,934 
94,278 


416 
22,638 


440 

463 

7,885 

353,539 

359, 185 

21,781 

3,697 


36 
5,893 
10,983 


18 


31 
11,783 


141,104 
150,352 


2,178 

519 

8,292 

4,440.221 
5,457,969 

1,926,683 
283,248 


13,024 
159 

90,266 
188,581 

245 

149 


14,375 
6,770 


38,379 
31,064 

1,008 


6,486 
8,171 


903 
3,649 

68,657 
29,750 

40,227 


305 


25,409 
4,546 


40 
116 


561 
1,010 


269 


31 
310 
300 
200 

8,129 

856 

488 

57 

2,878 
150 


4,398 


12,871 
2,536 

34 

78 


200 
334 


71,373 
16,605 
61,110 
37,537 
6,845 
4,973 

347 
1,9,34 
5,527 
4,881 


1,533 

1,854 


356 
1,952 

1,171 
1,385 
205 
520 
702 
844 

100 

20 

1,000 

50 

972 

3,323 

14,375 
18,281 

10,368 


Re- 
ceipts. 


232,127 
104,362 


474 
19 


1,500 
""531 
""58 


411 


3,061 
648 
150 

1,430 

36 


2 
4 

11,526 
1,850 


1,186 


20 
2 


8,400 
162 
SS 

18 


5,823 
4,029 
1,754 
2,907 

ISO 


1,000 
95 


215 


209 


745 

"5,557 

'io.'ige 

2,419 

693 

12 

500 

200 


346 

38,945 
47,106 

146,653 
34,840 


ATLANTIC  COAST  AND  GULF  OF  MEXICO.  103 

Table  26.— SHIPMENTS  AND  RECEIPTS  OF  PRINCIPAL  COMMODITIES,  BY  PORTS:  1916  AND  1906— Continued. 


PORT. 

Cen- 
sus 
year. 

FRUITS  AND    VEGE- 
TABLES   (TONS    OF 
2,000  POUND.S). 

GRAIN   (TONS   OF 
2,000  POUNDS). 

ICE  (TONS  OF  2,000 
POUNDS). 

IRON  ORE   (TONS  OF 
2,000  POUNDS). 

LUMBER  (TONS  OF 
2,000  POUNDS). 

NAVAL       STORES 
(TONS  OF  2,000 
POUNDS). 

Ship- 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Ship- 
ments, 

Re- 
ceipts. 

Ship- 
ments. 

Re- 
ceipts. 

Ship- 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Ship- 
ments. 

Re- 
ceipts. 

Ship- 
ments. 

Re- 
ceipts. 

Total                    

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1918 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
I'.HW 
1916 
1906 
1910 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1908 
1918 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1,613,586 
796,329 

1,613,586 
7%,  329 

862,378 
530,843 

862,378 
530,843 

941,648 
1,951,188 

941,648 
1,961,188 

344,968 
18,465 

344,968 
18,465 

5,880,916 
6,050,814 

5.880,916 
6,050,814 

416,360 
373,261 

416,360 
373,261 

Albany  N  Y 

845 

1,455 

380 

63,817 

3,4(H 

2,234 

5 

1,300 

Baltimore,  Md 

26,298 
3,789 

218,892 

58,293 

25 

is,  843 
45,616 

54,0<;9 
62,185 

8,934 
732 

20 

47,154 

900 

20,414 
1,767 

118, 154 
2,450 

13,507 

10,447 

29,476 

201,817 

22 

387,748 

603,351 

1,243 

1,976 

6,740 

4,426 
354 

20  496 

22,758 

156 
16 

150 
504 

43,046 
5 

99 

242 

Boston  Mass 

98,  179 
43,311 

80,488 

69,418 

1,505 

29,(i63 
2,809 

21 
380 

1,726 

9,896 

19,383 

44 

1.59, 271 

299,566 

19,2t8 

1,153 
162 

42,249 

600 

736 

Pri'lgf^port,  r.nnn 

710 

183 

81 

199 

118 

900 

1,008 

49 

3 

89,664 

9,339 

25,577 

2,228 

Charleston,  S.  C 

624 

220 

2,000 

11,099 

12,246 

1,500 

575 

12,715 
26,262 

162 
1,897 

541 
6,490 

160, 424 

20,279 

955 

292 

7,766 

60O 

1,942 
6,911 

1,078 
63 

60 

2,313 

14 

95,383 
136,  <M1 

680 
3,261 

126,629 

19,265 

24, 2S15 

42,703 

650,723 

499,865 

6,981 
6,266 
14,004 
21,288 

45,. 574 

21,779 

100,016 

328,8(i0 

4,601 

3,749 

314 
3,398 

10 

1,308 

850 

5,478 

3,782 

360 

■■'8,' 072' 
5,074 

100 

541 
25 

Qalveston,  Tex                             

90,093 
64,262 

2,347 

88 

Oulfport,  Miss   

325 

126,321 
100 

7,925 

14,990 

2,386 

1,737 

1 
37,  .540 
61,299 

2 

16 
60 

7,255 
95 

63 

311 

6 

46,137 

Jersey  City,  N.  J 

26,126 
6,920 

6 
1,1.50 

1,057 

602 

583 
47,957 

1,-578 
3,333 

6,909 

12,079 

1,422 

270 

339 
410 

65 

401 
890 

36, 206 
18,937 

645 
80 

40 
501 

184 
201 

270 
30 

38 

150 

124,456 
147,566 

571 
20,934 

8,604 
6,035 

19,073 
17,990 
12,871 
48,230 
14,908 
13,664 

69,129 
148, 176 
1.278,125 
2,393,694 
28,079 
122,378 

19,890 

82,561 

350,950 

655,017 

20,354 
1,173 

12  152 

1,992 

6,714 

1,288 

10,450 

383 

380 

202,023 
22,079 
3ia,272 
319,304 
282,421 
71,433 

96 

200 

350 
236 

1,769 

750 

416 
2,253 
1,496 

180,968 
S5,2(a 
60,803 

129,5.56 
2.398.247 

446,628 

51,859 
19,658 
3,330 
9,402 
22,602 
33,460 

9,983 
31,782 

600 

800 

Nrw  T.nnHnTi,  Conn 

744 
379 

146, 863 

62, 294 

200, 039 

97, 372 

2,639 

4,449 

9,530 
16,907 

9,,S56 
47, 491 

151 
44 

2,393 

60 

205,746 

59,560 

3, 260 

8,977 

1,148 

"■6,'257' 
6,069 
1,205 

73 

1,366 

1,970 

33,967 

50 

924 

372 

30 

505 

KW 

1,905 

1,489 

New  Orleans,  La    .                   ... 

16,674 
15,707 
92,440 
105,927 
188,502 
105,675 

328 

39 

16,583 

9,528 

125 

3,421 
24 
12,556 
7,822 
7,089 
4,796 

6,361 

1,686 

804 

142 

135 

15,475 

167,529 

142,724 

617 

767 

29,656 
27,257 
29,496 
29,551 

NewYork,  N.  y 

527,721 

1,758,179 

10 

12,330 

1,448 

404 

33,005 

3,018 

410 

824 

3,080 

636 

20 

Norfolk  and  Newport  News,  Va 

Pensacola,  Fla 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

17,7.59 
66,469 

600 
235 

66,106 

36,640 

Port  Arthur,  Tex 

72 
4,805 

33,253 

17,041 

27,7.S8 

Portland,  Me 

4,539 
6,455 

5,808 
8,253 

1,115 

13 
1,590 

529 

9,772 

3 

720 

Portsmouth,  N.  11 

200 



231 

17,202 
55,650 

3,910 
11,028 
9,738 
5,397 
1,712 
1,069 

21,122 
41,452 
810 
6,693 
2, 198 
9,834 

2.678.298 
8!>»,276 

566,924 
288,485 

Providence,  R.  I 

6,228 
1,053 

190 

4 

850 

23,144 

5,  R55 
1,032 

1,962 
330 
150 
100 
66 
70 

522,672 
262, 215 

493,339 
101,208 

5,214 
6,420 

3,265 
475 
150 
7,995 
1,545 
4,204 

2,180 

78;j 

17,000 

12,800 

327 

1,042 

189,  .5.55 
90,  SM 

174,395 
13,840 

7,503 
1,410 

3,228 
3,845 
4.55 
2,103 
2,941 
2,944 

3,000 

8 

25 

25 

1,310 

4,992 

1.53,706 
150, 213 

50,912 
6,976 

2,313 

457 
3,103 

1,184 

3,585 

64,452 

448,930 

50,045 

36,607 

2,276 
1,866 

746 

558 

1,7.50 
90 

6,621 
09,066 
63,429 

5,858 

450 

542 

1, 109 

3,304 

317 

1,919 

112,779 
1.S2, 840 

381,790 
123, 133 

350 

5,599 

5 

7 

50 

82,269 

105,913 

2,IW1 

3,812 

533 

Rockland,  Mo 

1,451 

Savannah,  Ga 

358 

10 

6,220 
64 

400 
6,800 

5,947 
30 

Tampa  and  Port  Tampa  City,  Fla 

10 
1,716 

1,400 
24,396 

4,108 

Washington,  D.  C 

Wilmington,  Del 

Wilmington,  N.  C 

581 
276 

ass,  148 
1, 8S3, 085 

12 
10 

409,983 
50,099 

1,131 
4,436 

1,300 

24,997 
62,586 

1.604.867 
3,426,097 

195,986 
237,614 

4,293 
13,949 

116,689 
181,548 

ID 

2,828 
10,852 

All  other  Atlantic  and  Gulf  ports 

8(!,S4l 
10,455 

135,791 
1,850 

144,7.54 
12,459 

9,252 
741 

70,973 
67,406 

24,339 
375 

and  Gulfcoasts  of  the  United  States.. 

104  TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 

Table  26.— SHIPMENTS  AND  RECEIPTS  OF  PRINCIPAL  COMMODITIES,  BY  PORTS:  1916  AND  1906— ConUnueJ. 


Total., 


Albany,  X.Y. 
Baltimore,  Md.. 
Bangor,  Mc 


Beaufort,  N.C 

Boston,  Uass 

Bridgeport,  Conn . 


Brunswick,  Ga... 
Charleston,  S.C.. 
Fall  River,  Mass. 


Galveston,  Tex . . 
GuUport,  Miss . . . 
Jacksonville,  Fla. 

Jersey  City,  N.  J . 
Key  West,  Fla... 
MobUe,  .'V.la 


New  Bedford,  Mass. 
New  Haven,  Conn. . 
New  London,  Conn. 


New  Orleans,  La 

NewYork.N.Y 

Norfolk  and  Newport  News,  Vs 


Pensacola,  Fla 

Philadelphia,  Pa. . 
Port -Vrthur,  Tex. 


Portland,  Me 

Portsmouth,  N.  II . 
Providence,  li.  I... 


Rockland,  Me 

Savannah,  Ga 

Tampa  and  Port  Tampa  City,  Fla.. 


■Washlncton,  D.  C. 
Wilmington,  Del. . 
Wilmington,  N.  C . 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 


'  All  other  Atlantic  and  Gulf  ports . 

Ports  other  than  those  on  the  Atlantic 
and  Gulfcoastsotthe  United  States. 


1916 

1906  I 

1910 
1900 
1910 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1910 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1910 
1906 
1910 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1910 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1910 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1910 
1900 
1916 
1900 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1910 
1900 
1916 
1906 
1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1910 
1900 
1016 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 


PETSOLEUM  AND 
OTHER  OILS  (TONS 
OF  2,000  POUNDS). 


Ship- 
ments. 


10,358,849 
2,670,203 


Re- 
ceipts. 


10,358,ai9   1.279,937 
2,670,205    1,187,883 


PnOSPHATE  AND 

FEKTIUZEB 

(TONS  OP  2,000 

POUNDS). 


PIQ  IRON  AND 

STEEL  KAILS 

(TONS  OF  2,000 

POUNDS). 


Ship- 
ments. 


167,927 
83,921 


34 
705 


57,056 
9,192 


83 


372 
901 


73 

40,375 
7,417 


8,177 
3,097 


225 
121 


1,842 
99 

499 
80 


191 
133 
596 

76,546 

25,983 

728,751 

270,619 

82,920 

4,150 

683 

497 

597, 195 

211,531 

1,841,972 

1,011,164 

2,098 
609 


10,167 
1,991 

478 

830 
3,690 

140 
8,090 

420 

1,512 

17 

50 

2 

1,925 

378 

3,520,738 
1,030,653 

3,204,650 
6,328 


137,236 


304,032 
71,154 
10,274 
19,200 

2,174 


348,660 
188,442 
24,286 


635 


56,179 

11,3.38 

890 

4,450 

125,816 
39,502 


HO 

261,025 

15,424 


90 
48,976 


40,540 
403 

7,965 

1,311 
23,179 

3,607 
15,284 

4,905 

145,447 
73,398 
685,634 
692,482 
157,699 
14,215 

716 


1,275,6»6 
414,4.51 
479,272 


105,244 
14,430 


314,455 
8,794 

7,264 

169 

25,920 

13,250 

194,413 

83,369 

58,417 
26,093 
15,957 
23,848 
31,470 
25,282 

3,930,772 
780,904 

1,622,532 
139,488 


246,324 
251,641 


202 


8,689 
42,873 


7,808 
29,210 


350 

61 

1,200 


2,098 
420 


100 
16,745 


1,572 
15,612 


Re- 
ceipts, 


1.279,937 

1,187,883 


Ship- 
ments. 


718,734 
664,758 


Re- 
ceipts. 


STONE,  SAND,  ETC. 

(TONS  OF  2,000 

POUNDS). 


Ship- 
ments. 


718,734     6,718,929     6,718,929 
604,758     7,391,354     7,3U1,354 


Re- 
ceipts. 


312,994 
167,285 


2,536 
100 


1,964 
12,515 
2,013 


19,804 
30,633 


1,647 
3,862 
1,125 
13,417 
4,800 


1,501 
2,537 


719 
21,200 


370 
125 
257 

12,329 

2,827 
113,674 
108,585 
88,370 
33,737 

1,166 

413 

44,  .153 

66,390 


935 
298 


679 
471 

17 

50 

6,153 

7,449 

236,990 

273,598 

2,900 

367 

200 

200 

5,736 

12,330 

433,233 
328,399 

43,923 
12,023 


300 
1,239 


430 

16,642 

5,308 
16,656 
16,500 
171,772 
181,479 


33,180 
49,228 


2,044 
2,901 


2,048 
673 

286 

25 

27,996 

44,073 

1,336 


5,093 


125 

100 

6,919 

21,276 

521,223 
612,487 

95,667 
8,700 


7,404 


27,624 
94,979 


99,331 

653 

1,429 


2,978 
'12,220 


406 
237 


80 


6,247 
18,702 
18,  US 


3,070 
20 


5,578 
1,431 
212,617 
265,663 
2.35,671 
224,485 

50 


12,695 


124 
400 


2,950 
3 


53,379 
29,303 


14,344 
21,327 


4.830 
4,588 


3,522 
22,458 


1,450 


38,145 
32,849 
16,005 


5,471 


2,950 

21,793 
161,462 


1,019 
2,212 

112 
1,000 


90 
600 


2,449 
37,443 


20 

648 
13,403 

2,062 
91,584 

8,222 
12,377 


28,868 
42,851 
3,301 
2,133 

211 
2,600 


38,7.56 
48,038 

42 

260 

6,360 

1,326 


784 


167, 130 
177,037 

371,938 
8,329 


2,870 


18,423 
2,022 


100 
50 


25,736 
2,833 


27 


18,403 
199 


10,000 


58 
52,003 


11,099 


2,950 
891 


1,868 


306,119 


5,469 
200 

180 


45,885 

1,609,264 

1,120 

1,075 

10 


7,571 
35,592 


1,903 
525 


117 
3,094 

2,571 
10,9,36 
36,498 


26 
1,800 

3,440 

4,431 

161 

15,507 


6,169,325 
5,627,512 

58,909 
4,999 


40,533 


1,136,223 

60,805 

930 

4,635 


581,352 

239,462 

83,231 


4,900 


9,664 
28,609 

6,671 
12,702 


71,586 


5,507 


26,117 
149,591 


48,400 
2,002 
9,126 

28,682 


1,930 

6,699 
551,827 
433,057 
184,477 
164,246 
153,210 


383,279 
324,506 
182,020 


18,833 
32,189 
200 
20,833 
10,233 
33,014 

22,457 
10,737 


TOBACCO  (TONS 
OF  2,000 
POL-ND3). 


Ship- 
ments. 


140,220 


Re- 
ceipts. 


165,770  !  Uio,776    18,580,196 


MISCELLANEOUS 

MERCHANDISE 

(TONS  OP  2,000 

POUNDS). 


Ship- 
ments. 


140,226   23,873,061 


23375,061 
18,580,196 


250 


31,399 
1,343 


336 
244 


44 

402 


1 

408 
573 


2 

"600 


929 
560 
15,718 
10,331 
44,763 
99,860 

24 
37 
441 
617 


62 
1,343 


53 
52,000 
4,770 

630,681 

2%,  930 

699 

131,341 

1 

1,434 

1,840,183 
2,043,103 

7,283 

2,884 


361 
33 


2,238 

1,736 

1,234 

2 

1,391 


15 
42 

18,126 
18,949 

22,060 
28,407 


770 


49,346 
48,142 


8,980 
8,404 


250 

'266 
345 


876 


200 
2,000 


122 

30 

20,838 

88,707 

1,925 

5,532 

1 

3 

171 

427 


450 
200 


1,435 
1,811 

107 


4,073 

638 

3,003 

2,916 


100 

75 

5 


66,091 


852,001 

731,298 

2,292 

10,364 

1,403 


690,294 
742,794 
116,092 


32,754 


80,413 
66,005 
309,518 
253,002 

547,572 

430,445 

5,878 

4,873 

101,425 

67,184 

18,780 

689 

166,974 


94,253 
49,637 

200,352 
140,633 
144,740 
156,839 

240,004 
220,449 

432,092 
308,766 
0,534,592 
4,736,747 
1,&35,510 
2,539,080 

23,291 

9,813 

885,378 

1,031,225 

13,254 

8,154 

190,898 

227,610 

8,800 


434,056 
307,727 

13,904 
27,222 
190,986 
134,024 
43,809 
60,386 

22,779 
31,197 
59,356 
71,332 
14,414 
19,746 


Re- 
ceipts. 


60,997 


808,601 

695,657 

4,183 

16,799 

2,239 


1,081,726 
718,038 
165,830 


32,353 


212,362 
188,190 
2.iO,49l 
152,769 

618,569 
462,057 
210 
944 
242,814 
181,043 

3,300 

4,912 

61,026 


92,856 
33,412 

116,116 
77,280 
201,473 
168,928 
325,923 
269,227 

681,934 
308, 170 
6,278,941 
4,380,165 
2,235,517 
2,057,201 

26,947 

9,636 

1,011,330 

1,040,133 

83,629 

3,395 

290,654 
136,269 
694 
495 
401,356 
281,886 

44,381 
42,604 
306,603 
253,696 
71,413 
38,682 

90,707 
117,252 
203,393 
69,574 
40,292 
44,961 


4,987  4,783,123  4,728,648 

6,102  4,831,763  13,411,686 

41,664  4,727,321  3,090,931 

309  1,175,192  11,411,175 


ATLANTIC  COAST  AND  GULF  OF  IVIEXICO. 


105 


This  table  comprises  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coast- 
wise movements,  and  also  the  relatirelj  small  amomit 
of  freight  traffic  between  the  ports  of  the  Atlantic  and 
Gulf  coasts  and  the  ports  of  Porto  Eico,  the  Pacific 
coast,  Hawaii,  and  foreign  ports  combined.  As  this 
table  is  restricted  to  the  freight  carried  in  American 
vessels,  the  total  receipts  and  shipments  necessarily 
equal  each  other.  The  total  freight  carried  between 
the  ports  as  named  in  the  table  was  80,259,375  tons  of 
2,000  pounds. 

The  shipments  in  the  vessels  of  the  Atlantic  coast 
and  Gulf  of  Mexico  from  ports  not  on  the  Atlantic  and 
Gulf  coasts  amounted  to  9,032,323  tons.  The  differ- 
ence between  the  two  amounts,  71,227,052  tons,  rep- 
resented the  amount  of  strictly  coastwise  traffic,  and 
showed  an  increase  of  7,453,883  tons,  or  11.6  per  cent, 
over  the  corresponding  figures  for  1906.  By  a  similar 
process  it  is  sho^^n  that  the  total  receipts  at  the  ports 
of  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  amounted  to  71,468,283 
tons,  or  a  gain  of  13.4  per  cent,  during  the  decade. 

Of  the  33  ports  for  which  figures  are  given  separately 
in  Table  26,  New  York  naturally  shows  the  largest 
amount  of  commerce  (shipments  andreceipts)  for  1916, 
amoimting  in  that  year  to  14.1  per  cent  of  the  total 
commerce  of  all  ports  of  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts. 
Nevertheless  the  total  commerce  of  this  great  port, 
which  amounted  to  22,623,875  tons,  showed  a  decrease 
of  13.3  per  cent  as  compared  \vith  1906.  This  falling 
off  in  commerce  was  in  the  receipts,  as  the  shipments 
showed  a  gain  of  10.2  per  cent  over  the  figures  for  1906. 
Norfolk  and  Newport  News,  ranking  second,  M-ith  a 
total  commerce  of  17,119,021  tons,  made  the  largest 
gain,  63.2  per  cent,  during  the  ten-year  period. 
Boston  ranked  third  in  total  shipments  and  receipts 


and  showed  an  increase  of  48.1  per  cent  from  1906  to 
1916.  Other  ports  with  total  shipments  and  receipts 
in  excess  of  2,000,000  tons  in  1916,  showing  increases 
since  1906,  were  Baltimore,  with  a  gain  of  29.8  per 
cent;  Providence,  42.3  per  cent;  Port  Arthur,  141.2per 
cent;  New  Orleans,  16.2  per  cent;  and  Galveston,  28.3 
per  cent. 

Many  ports  showed  a  great  difference  in  the  ship- 
ments and  the  receipts.  New  York  having  almost  one- 
and-a-half  times  the  tonnage  of  receipts  as  of  ship- 
ments. Norfolk  and  Newport  News,  on  the  other 
hand,  showed  more  than  four  times  the  tonnage  of 
shipments  as  of  receipts.  Boston's  receipts  amounted 
to  almost  ten  times  the  shipments.  The  excess  of 
shipments  at  Norfolk  and  Newport  News  and  Phila- 
delphia is  due  to  the  large  shipments  of  coal  to  northern 
ports,  where  the  excess  of  receipts  would  be  explained 
by  the  arrival  of  these  coal  cargoes. 

In  the  shipments  of  the  commodities  shown  in  Table 
26,  the  ports  of  Norfolk  and  Newport  News  held  first 
place  in  five,  namely,  coal,  fruits  and  vegetables,  lum- 
ber, pig  iron  and  steel  rails,  and  tobacco;  Baltimore, 
first  place  in  the  shipments  of  canned  goods  and 
phosphate  and  fertilizer;  Galveston,  in  cotton;  New 
Orleans,  flour;  Albany,  iron  ore;  New  York,  grain, 
with  Galveston  second;  Gulfport,  Miss.,  naval  stores, 
with  Savannah  second;  Port  Arthur,  Tex.,  petroleum. 
New  York  held  first  place  also  in  miscellaneoxis  mer- 
chandise, by  a  large  margin. 

TRAFFIC   AT   AND   ABOUT   NEW   TOEK   CITY. 

Table  27  shows  the  total  traffic  of  the  1 1  ports,  of 
which  New  York  is  the  immediate  center,  in  detail  for 
1916. 


Table  27.— SHIPJIENTS  AND  RECEIPTS  OF  PRINCIPAL  COiBIODITIES  AT  BAYONNE,  ELIZABETHPORT,  HOBOKEN, 
JERSEY  CITY,  NEWARK,  NEW  YORK,  PERTH  AMBOY  PORT  JOHNSON,  PORT  READING,  SOUTH  AMBOY,  AND 
WEEHAWKEN:  1916. 


TOTAL. 

BATONXE. 

ELIZABETHPORT. 

HOBOKEN. 

JEKSET  CITT. 

NEWABK. 

COMMODITY. 

Ship- 
ments 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 

Receipts 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 

Ship- 
ments 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 

Receipts 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 

Ship- 
ments 
(tons  of 

2.000 
poimds). 

Receipts 
(tons  of 

2.000 
pounds). 

Ship- 
ments 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 

Receipts 
(tons  of 

2.000 
pounds). 

Ship- 
ments 
(tons  of 

2.000 
pounds. 

Receipts 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 

Ship- 
ments 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 

Receipts 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 

Total 

16,535,546 

14.210.999 

721.890       594.400 

312.794 

176.467 

180.065 

42,550 

73.687 

29.782 

7,190 

200.212 

86,065 

351.357 

7,073,783 

71,435 

61,110 

92,440 

231,749 

33,967 

1,448 

50,843 
12,556 

125,572 

1,485,790 

326,260 

353,639 

5,825 

363,325 
205.746 
527,721 
139, 197 

1,281,600 

167.529 

1,127,073 

16,656 

2.174 

1,755.299 

20.838 

6,306,855 

1 

20 
44.396 
4.244 

7,196 
142,350 

10,640 
5,514 

572 

Coal 

1,016 

296.724 

765 

6,075 

Cotton 

53 

Grain     

25,  no 

Ice 

;:::::::;:: 



Iron  ore 

138,787 

T.nTnh<»r ,.               ...      . 

961 

40 

366 

Naval  stores  ....     .      

1,4)4,605 
123,809 

218,880 
sa  607 

713,788 

541,439 

Phosphate  and  fertihzer 

1 



16 

1 

I 

6,247 

112 

26.117 

Stone,  sand,  etc.,     .           

50,000 

30,754 

23,000 

187,679 

Tobacco i.i!7i8 

:;:::::;:: 

6,606,084 

7,070 

2,931          IB  070 

6.161           4  809 

435 

18,780 

3,500 

7,150 

5.520 

, 

106 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  27  —SHIPMENTS  AND  RECEIPTS  OF  rPvINCIPAL  COMMODITIES  AT  BAYONNE,  ELIZABETHPORT,  HOBOKEN, 
JERSEY  CITY,  NEWARK,  NEW  YORK,  PERTH  AMBOY,  PORT  JOHNSON,  PORT  READING,  SOUTH  AMBOY,  AND 
WEEHAWKEH:  1916.— Continued. 


NEW  YOBK. 

PERTH  AMBOY. 

POKT  JOHNSON. 

PORT  READING. 

SOUTH  AMBOY. 

WEEHAWKEN. 

COUUOOITY. 

Ship- 
ments 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 

Receipts 
(tons  ol 

2,000 
pounds). 

Ship- 
ments 
(tons  of 

2.(.)00 
pounds). 

Receipts 
(ton.s  ol 

2.IX)0 
pounds). 

Ship- 
ments 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 

Receipts 
(ton.^  of 

2.1100 
pounds). 

Ship- 
ments 
(tons  of 

2.000 
pounds). 

Receipts 
(tons  ol 

2.000 
pounds). 

Ship- 
ments 
(tons  of 

2.(KX) 
pounds). 

Receipts 

(tons  ol 

2,000 

pounds). 

Shii> 
monts 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 

Receipts 

(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 

Total 

9,472,750 

13,151.125     1.520.820 

9.154 

484.175 

1.340.357 

4,210 

2,167,122 

2.'-.4,696 

3,099 

86,045 

296,645 

907,025 

71,435 

61,110 

92,440 

206,039 

33,967 

1,148 

50,803 

12,558 

728,751 

115,674 

212,617 

45,885 

15.718 

6.534,502 

125.572 

1,474.578 

311,620 

353,539 

5,825 

363.272 

205,746 

527,721 

410 

1,278, 125 

167, 529 

Cement,  brick,  and  lime 

3,i20 
1,500,578 

2[286' 

"484;i7S' 

i;326;442' 

'2J62|533' 

■■254,' 696' 

..  . 

805 

1,343 

685,634 

16,656 

2,062 

1,433,057 

20,s:!8 

6.278,941 

2,066 

6,570 

1,565 

8,247 

2,692 

5,250 

315 

Miscellaneous  mercliandise 

0,809  1         3,371 

8,095 

4,210 

2,709 

1,756 

In  this  table  the  shipments  and  receipts  of  freight 
at  the  ports  of  Bayonne,  Elizabethport,  Hoboken, 
Jersey  City,  Newark,  Perth  Aniboy,  Port  Johnson, 
Port  Beading,  South  Amboy,  and  Weehawken  are 
considered  as  part  of  the  trafTic  of  the  port  of  New 
York,  and  the  figures  show  the  total  shijiments  and 
receipts  at  these  10  ports,  together  with  those  of  New 
York.  The  total  commerce  of  the  10  ports  and  New 
York  amounted  to  10,535,546  tons  in  shipments,  and 
to  14,210,999  tons  in  receipts.  Of  this  total,  the  10 
ports  outside  of  New  York  contributed  42.7  per  cent 
of  the  shipments  and  7.4  per  cent  of  the  receipts. 
South  Amboy,  Perth  Amboy,  and  Port  Reading  led 
in  shipments  of  coal,  these  3  ports  contributing  70.5 
per  cent  of  the  total.  The  conamodities,  coal,  petro- 
leum, and  miscellaneous  merchandise  comprised  91.5 
per  cent  of  the  total  shipments,  while  cement,  brick 


and  lime,  lumber,  petroleum,  and  general  merchandise 
comprised  71.8  per  cent  of  the  total  receipts  of  New 
York  and  the  10  adjacent  ports.  In  addition  to  the 
freight  shipped  from  and  received  at  these  1 1  ports, 
there  was  a  total  of  80,491,212  tons  of  freight  light- 
ered in  tlie  harbor,  an  increase  of  46  per  cent  since 
190G.  Adding  this  amoimt  to  the  total  shipments  and 
receipts  gives  a  total  of  111,237,757  tons,  which  repre- 
sents the  entire  freight  trafhc  of  the  port  of  New  York, 
exclusive  of  the  tonnage  of  the  ex])ort  and  import 
traffic  in  foreign  vessels,  and  shows  a  gain  of  25  per 
cent  over  the  figures  for  190G. 

IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS. 

Table  28  shows,  by  customs  districts,  the  value  of 
the  imports  and  exports  handled  at  the  Atlantic  and 
Gulf  ports  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1916. 


Table  28 —TOTAL  VALUE  OF  IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  OF  MERCHANDISE,  BY  CUSTOMS  DISTRICTS,  YEAR  ENDING 

JUNE  30,  191G.' 

AOOREQATE. 

IMPORTS. 

EXPORTS. 

CU.^TOMS  DISTRICT. 

Value. 

Per  cent 
0/  group. 

Value. 

Per  cent 
ol  group. 

Value. 

Per  cent 
of  group. 

Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  districts 

85,196,884,992 

$1,672,333,704 

$3,524,551,288 

A  tlantic  coast  districts 

4,601,326,904 

100.0 

1,562,179,535 

100.0 

3,039,147,369 

100.0 

3,448,911 

47, 673,  438 

33,703,172 

208, 512, 290 

342, 130, 1S9 

3,521,1.52,195 

14,275,2X1 

289,  296,  471 

8,693,337 

1,656,846 

7,747,143 

120,037,628 

595,558,088 

0. 1 
1.0 
0.7 
4.5 
7.4 
76.6 
0.3 
6.3 
0.2 

^\2 
2.6 

100.0 

3,448,911 
1,777,700 

10, 238, 421 

27,808,915 

210,900,243 

1,191,865,982 

1,195,610 

95,801,175 
3, 05.8,  400 
1.647,213 
1,740,295 

12,696,633 

110,154,169 

0.2 
0.1 
0.7 
1.8 
13.5 
76.3 
0.1 
6.1 
0.2 
0.1 
0.1 
0.8 

100.0 

45,895,738 

23, 464,  751 

180,703,374 

131,229,946 

2, 332,  286, 213 

13, 079, OCX 

193,  495,  296 

5,034,937 

9,  (TO 

6,006..S48 

107,340,985 

485,403,919 

1.5 

0.8 

5.9 

4.3 

Npw  York                                                

76.7 

0.4 

6.4 

0.2 

^'Kn 

0.2 

3.5 

Gulf  coast  districts 

100.0 

32,451,926 
197,931.420 

29, 786, 120 
301,. 544, 313 

33,844,303 

5.4 
33.2 

5.0 
50.6 

6.7 

6,920,771 
7,682,?a 
4,196,252 
90, 045,  .564 
1,308,819 

6.3 
7.0 
3.8 
81.7 
1.2 

25,531,155 
190. 248, 657 

2.5,589,874 
211,498,749 

32, 535,  484 

5.3 

39.2 

Mobile                                                         

5.3 

43.6 

6.7 

« Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  Department  of  Commerce,  "Commerce  and  Navigation  of  the  United  States,"  1916.        '  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


ATLANTIC  COAST  Ai\D  GULF  OF  IMEXICO. 


107 


The  value  of  the  foreign  trade  of  the  Atlantic  ports 
amounted  to  $4,601,326,904  and  that  of  the  Gulf 
ports  to  S595,55S,088,  or  in  the  proportion  of  about 
eight  to  one.  The  aggregate  value,  $5,196,884,992, 
represented  an  increase  of  1 1 1 .3  per  cent  over  that  of 
1906.  Of  this  total,  67.8  per  cent  represented  exports 
and  32.2  per  cent  imports.  The  district  of  New  York 
alone  reported  76.6  per  cent  of  the  total  foreign  com- 
merce for  the  Atlantic  coast,  and  67.8  per  cent  of  the 
total  for  the  Atlantic  and  the  Gulf  coasts  combined. 
In  the  import  trade  the  district  of  New  York  reported 
71.3  per  cent  of  the  total  value  for  the  Atlantic  and 
Gulf  coasts,  and  in  the  export  trade  New  York  had 
66.2  per  cent  of  the  total.  The  district  of  Massachu- 
setts, which  includes  the  port  of  Boston,  reporting  less 
than  one-tenth  as  much  as  New  York,  ranked  second  in 
foreign  conunerce,  and  the  district  of  New  Orleans  was 
third.  In  respect  to  the  export  trade  alone,  the  dis- 
tricts of  New  York,  New  Orleans,  Philadelphia,  Gal- 
veston, and  Marj-land  outranked  Massachusetts,  which 
was  sixth. 

PASSENGERS    TBANSPORTED. 

Table  29  shows  the  number  of  passengers  carried  in 
coastwise  traffic  on  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts,  for 
1916,  1906, and  1889. 

Table  29.— Number  of  Passengers:  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


CLASS  OF  PASSENGERS. 

1916 

1906 

1889 

PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE.  1 

1906- 
1916 

1889- 
1916 

Total 

237,345,627 

292,555,416 

170,225,458 

-18.9 

39.4 

218,013,127 
19,300,500 

272,596,670 
19,958,746 

158,644,012 
11,581,446 

-20.0 
-3.3 

37.4 

All  other. .. 

66.7 

1  -V  minus  sign  (- )  denotes  decrease. 

The  total  number  of  passengers  transported  on  the 
Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  in  1916  showed  a  marked 
decrease  when  compared  with  the  figuresfor  1906.  The 
passenger  traffic  consists  of  two  distinct  classes,  ferry- 
passengers,  and  steamer  passengers.  The  ferry  passen- 
gers outnumbered  the  steamer  passengers  about  11  to 
1,  and  in  1916  totaled  218,045,127  as  compared  with 
19,300,500  for  all  other  passenger  traffic.  The  de- 
crease in  the  total  number  of  passengers  carried, 
mostly  on  ferries,  explained  in  the  section  on  ferries, 
amounted  to  18.9  per  cent  between  the  years  1906 
and  1916,  while,  on  the  other  hand,  for  the  period 
1889-1916  the  traffic  showed  an  increase  of  39.4  per 
cent. 

Table  30  shows  the  number  of  passengers  as  reported 
by  the  Steamboat  Inspector  General  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  30,  1916. 


Table  30. — Passengers  Reported  fob  Each  District  op  the 
United  States  Steamboat  Inspection  Service  on  the 
Atlantic  Coast  and  Gulp  op  Mexico,  for  Fiscal  Yeab 
Ending  June  30,  1916.' 


LOCAL    IN3FECTIOX 
DI.STBICT. 

Number 
of  passen- 
gers. 

LOCAL   INSPECTION 
DI3IBICT . 

Number 
of  passen- 
gers. 

Total 

2n,SK,2S3 

Mobile,  Ala 

175,288 
475,  413 

5  ;t85  276 

Albanv  V  Y 

3,293,266 

271,542 

2,619,7S6 

298,  481 

21,148,103 

597,379 

67, 6.34 

1,309,192 

New  London,  Conn 

Baltimore,  Md 

New  York,  S.Y 

148,162,223 
5, 307, 189 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

38,635,337 

1,945,433 

1,913,017 

609,737 

Charleston,  S.  C 

Portland   Me  . 

Galveston  Tex.   . 

Providence,  R.  I 

1  Annual  report  of  the  Steamboat  Inspector  General. 

Although  the  total  number  of  passengers  trans- 
ported in  1916,  as  reported  by  the  United  States 
Steamboat-Inspection  Service,  differs  somewhat  from 
the  censxis  total  in  Table  29,  there  is  no  greater 
variation  than  might  be  expected  when  the  different 
methods  of  obtaining  the  information  are  taken 
into  consideration.  The  figures  of  the  total  number 
of  passengers  carried  in  1916,  as  reported  by  the 
Steamboat-Inspection  Service,  were  233,806,293, 
and  included  those  reported  from  the  prmcipal  cities 
on  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts.  In  this  list  of  cities 
New  York  led  all  others,  with  a  total  of  148,162,223 
passengers  transported  in  1916.  This  was  63.4  per 
cent  of  the  total.  Philadelphia  ranked  second, 
Boston  third,  and  New  Orleans  fourth.  The  great 
majority  of  the  passengers  reported  by  these  cities 
were  ferry  passengers,  notably  so  in  New  York,  Phila- 
delphia, and  Boston. 

IDLE    VESSELS. 

Table  31  shows  the  number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value 
of  idle  vessels,  by  classes,  for  1916  and  1906. 

Table  31.— Idle  Vessels:  1916  and  1906. 


CLASS  AND  CENSD3  TEAR. 

Number 

of 
vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Total: 

1916 

1,516 
1,074 

176,743 
87,254 

$22,490,777 
6,895,147 

1906 

Steam: ' 

1916 

993 
450 

270 
475 

253 
149 

115,545 
49, 131 

13,890 
11,971 

47,308 
26,152 

20,086,699 
5,801,871 

1906 

SaU: 

1916 

900,444 

1906    . 

780,405 
1,503.634 

Unrigged: 

1916 

1906 

312,871 

'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

Vessels  that  were  not  in  service  at  any  time  during 
the  year  1916  were  considered  as  idle  and  were  not  in- 
cluded in  the  general  tables.  In  1916  they  numbered 
1,516  as  compared  with  1,074  in  1906,  an  increase  of 
41.2  per  cent.     Most  of  these  vessels  were  small  craft, 


108 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


1,096  of  lliem  being  under  50  tons.  About  two- 
thircls  of  the  total  number  of  idle  vessels  in  1916 
consisted  of  steamers,  tkis  class  showing  an  increase 
from  450  m  1906  to  993  in  1916,  or  120.7  per  cent. 
The  sail  craft  made  a  better  showing,  as  the  number 
of  idle  vessels  decreased  from  475  in  1906  to  270  in 
1916,  or  43.2  per  cent. 

Table  32  shows,  l>y  classes,  the  idle  vessels  grouped 
according  to  gross  tonnage  for  1916. 

Table  32. — Idle  Vessels  Grouped  According  to  Gross 
Tonnage:  1916. 


TOSNAGE. 

Total. 

Steam. 

Gasoline. 

Sail. 

Unrigged. 

Total: 

Number  of  vessels.. 
Gross  toQnago 

1,516 
170,743 

202 
101,094 

701 
14,451 

270 
13,890 

253 

47,308 

5  to  49  tons: 

Number  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnage.  . 

1,096 
17,958 

137 

9,864 

120 
16,806 

33 
7,999 

42 
13,872 

27 
11,995 

31 
18,930 

19 
34,658 

9 
31,575 

2 

13,086 

128 
3,613 

59 
4,500 

43 
6,388 

9 
2,180 

10 
3,557 

6 
2,790 

12 
8,306 

15 
28,352 

8 
28,322 

2 

13,086 

678 
9,706 

21 
1,391 

1 
101 

224 
3,342 

26 

1,807 

10 
1,393 

3 

723 

1 
323 

2 
972 

2 
1,424 

2 
3,906 

66 

1,297 

50  to  99  tons: 

Number  of  vessels 

31 
2,166 

100  to  199  tons: 

Number  of  vessels 

66 
8,924 

21 

200  to  299  tons: 

Number  of  vessels 

5,096 

300  to  399  tens: 

Number  of  vessels 

31 

Gross  tonnage 

9,992 
19 

400  to  499  tons:  " 

Number  of  vessels. . 

8,233 
17 

500  to  999  tons: 

9,200 
2 

1,000  to  2,499  tons: 

Number  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnage 

2,400 

2,500to  4,999  tons: 

Number  of  vessels 

1 
3,253 

5,000  tons  and  over: 

I'ORTO    KICAN    COMMERCE. 

Table  33  shows  the  statistics  for  the  iVmcrican  ves- 
sels operating  locally  at  Porto  Rico  in  1916  and  1906. 

Table    33. — ^Vessels   Operating   Locally    at  Porto   Rico: 
1916  AND  1906. 


Total. 

Steam.' 

Sail. 

Unrigged. 

Number  of  vessels: 

1916 

320 
205 

11,943 
5,566 

$607,708 
$180,519 

$478,802 
$227,031 

709 
003 

$211,608 
$121,533 

806,683 
2,400 

68,077 
24,120 

19 

4 

968 
94 

$1.55,850 
$29,200 

$168,023 
$7,000 

110 
16 

$55,630 
$5,381 

805,135 

05 
43 

1,822 
905 

$143,122 
$43, 175 

$138,3.50 
$42,258 

203 
132 

$55,306 
$24,861 

1,548 
2,400 

49,956 
24,120 

236 

1906 

158 

Gross  tonnage: 

1916 

9,153 
4,567 

$308,736 
$108  144 

1906     

Value  of  vessels: 

1916 

1906 ..  .       . 

Gross  income: 

1916 

$172,429 
$177,173 

1906 

Number  employed  on  vessels; 

1916 

456 

1906 

455 

Wages: 

1916 

$100,612 
$91,291 

1906 

Ntmiber  of  passengers  carried: 
1916 

1906 

Freight  carried2(tonsof2,000  pounds): 
1916 

15,803 

2,318 

1906 

» Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

:  Does  not  include  harbor  work  amounting  to  430,493  tons  in  1916  and  258,747  tons 
in  1906. 


This  fleet  ])rovides  transportation  for  the  island 
ports  and  markets,  and  also  collects  and  distributes  the 
traffic  carried  bj"  the  lines  inlying  between  Porto  Kico 
and  the  Atlantic  ports  of  the  United  States.  The 
number  of  craft  thus  employed  showed  an  increase 
from  205  in  1906  to  320  m  191G,  or  50.1  per  cent,  and 
an  increase  m  tonnage  of  114.6  per  cent.  The  total 
value  of  the  vessels  showed  an  increase  of  230.6  per 
cent,  and  the  gross  income  an  increase  of  110.0  per 
cent.  The  passenger  traffic  also  showed  a  large  in- 
crease from  2,400  passengers  carried  in  1906  to  800,083 
carried  in  191G. 

VESSELS    ENGAGED   IN    FOREIGN    COMMERCE. 

Table  34  shows  the  number  and  tonnage  of  Ameri- 
can vessels  engaged  in  foreign  commerce  from  Atlan- 
tic and  Gulf  ports,  as  compared  with  foreign  craft  so 
engaged,  with  the  jiercentage  of  the  tonnage  furnished 
by  American  vessels  for  191G. 

That  American  shipping  is  making  gams  in  foreign 
trade  is  shown  by  the  records  of  arrivals  and  clear- 
ances at  the  different  ports.  In  1916,  4,948  American 
vessels,  Anth  a  total  tonnage  of  7,257,092,  entered 
Atlantic  and  Gulf  coast  ports,  which  was  an  mcrease 
of  99.4  per  cent  for  the  number  of  vessels  and  175.9  per 
cent  for  the  amount  of  tonnage  as  compared  with  1906. 
In  the  clearances  also  the  x\jnerican  craft  gained  102.5 
per  cent  in  the  number  of  vessels  and  182.7  per  cent 
in  the  total  tonnage  smce  1906.  The  number  of 
American  vessels  (both  steam  and  sail)  that  entered 
these  ports  in  1916  was  29  per  cent  of  the  total,  as 
compared  with  17.3  per  cent  in  1906,  while  the  number 
of  American  vessels  clearing  was  29.2  per  cent  of  the 
total,  as  compared  with  17.9  per  cent  m  1906.  In 
1916,  22.7  per  cent  of  the  tonnage  entered  at  Atlantic 
and  Gulf  ports,  and  22.8  per  cent  of  the  tonnage 
cleared  at  these  ports  were  American.  These  figures 
show  substantial  increases  since  1906,  when  the  per- 
centages were  10.8  for  entrances  and  11.1  for  clear- 
ances. 

In  every  customs  district,  with  the  exception  of 
Florida  and  New  Orleans,  the  percentage  of  the  ton- 
nage of  American  vessels  entering  and  clearing  in 
Atlantic  and  Gulf  ports  was  higher  for  the  sailing 
craft  than  for  the  steamers.  The  customs  districts  of 
Florida  and  Connecticut  showed  the  highest  percentages 
of  American  sailing  and  steam  tonnage  entering  the 
ports  of  those  districts,  67.9  and  66.1  per  cent,  respec- 
tively, while  the  districts  of  Florida  and  Ehode  Island 
showed  the  highest  percentages  of  clearances,  66.2 
and  63  per  cent,  respectively.  The  liigh  percentage  of 
the  Florida  district  was  due  probably  to  the  extensive 
trade  between  Cuba,  and  Key  West  and  Tampa. 


ATLANTIC  COAST  AND  GULF  OF  MEXICO.  109 

Table  34.— VESSELS  ENTERED  AND  CLEARED  IN  THE  FOREIGN  TRADE,  BY  CUSTOMS  DISTRICTS:  1916.' 


CUSTOMS   DISTEICT   AOT)   CLASS   OF   VESSEL. 


Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  fSaillng. 
districts \Steani.. 

Atlantic  coast  districts Ilw^^' 

Co^^ticut (i^^S- 

<^^ IS; 

Maine  and  New  Hampshire. ./gf''^^" 

Maryland ji^'j^f.; 

Massachusetts &^?; 

New  York fe'iSf- 

North  CaroUna {fte^m' 

™>-<ieipua te: 

Port"  Rico {IS:: 

Ki^odoi^'^d {IS:; 

South  Carolina j|^°i- 

Virginia Itft^- 

Gulf  coast  districts {tu^.:. 

^''"rida {IS:: 

^-^on {|^!jSf.- 

MobUe {I^^S;; 

New  Orleans {f^g; 

Sabine {|^S_:; 


Total. 


Num- 
ber. 


2,801 
14,251 

1,830 
10,659 


1,554,971 
30,404,288 

966,810 
24,  217, 726 


87 

12 

72 

139 

190 

i,a34 

59 
1,082 

413 
1,079 

599 
4,589 

3 

27 

152 

1,071 

195 

387 

21 
20 

16 
50 
21 


971 
3,592 


450 

963 

19 

509 
340 
319 

51 

1,450 

111 

345 


Tonnage. 


27,438 
6,206 

5.3,258 
262,954 

37, 214 
831,475 

83,625 

2,444,537 

62,680 

2,357,967 

505,231 

12,956,122 

2,108 

51,182 

135, 187 

2,272,889 

15, 975 

488,217 

8,022 
47,457 

9,120 

95,742 

26,892 

2,402,978 

588,161 
6, 186, 502 


205,908 

1,011,5}S 

10,387 

1,127,045 

202, 616 

372,965 

49,330 

2, 754, 7M 

119,920 

920,296 


American  ves- 
sels. 


Num- 
ber. 


,259 
3,689 


7fk) 
2,258 


58 
5 
10 
11 
103 
657 

24 
92 
146 
240 
267 


3 
3 

81 
130 
44 
71 

14 
11 
12 
6 
4 
46 

493 
1,431 


209 
794 
13 
77 
178 
31 

17 

436 

76 

93 


Tonnage, 


402,037 
4,519,090 


20,279 

1,946 

7,812 

23,749 

13,386 

273,482 

40,168 
266,170 

29,294 

410, 190 

216, 624 

2,859,864 

2,168 

7,755 

49,504 

343,054 

5,004 
95,765 

6,576 
23,970 
7,157 
8,617 
4,065 
204.528 

265,715 
2,070,250 


92,347 
734,427 
7,068 
184, 571 
75, 043 
44,638 

15,375 
964,788 

75,  .880 
141, 826 


Foreign  vessels. 


Num- 
ber. 


1,542 
10,502 


1,064 
8,401 


29 
7 

62 
128 

87 
677 

35 
990 
209 
839 
332 
3,603 


24 

71 

941 

151 

316 

7 
9 
4 
44 
17 
823 

478 
2,161 


241 
169 
6 
432 
162 


34 

1,020 

35 

252 


Tonnage. 


364,773 
19, 698, 636 


7, 1.59 
4,260 
45,446 
239,205 
23,828 
557,993 

43,437 

2,178,367 

33,3S« 

1,947,777 

288,607 

10,096,258 


43,427 

85,6.83 

1,929,8.35 

10,971 

392, 452 

1,446 

23,487 

1,963 

87,125 

22,827 

2, 198, 450 

322,446 
4,116,312 


113,561 
277, 121 
3,319 
942,474 
127,371 
328,327 

33,955 

1,789,920 

44,040 

778, 470 


Per 
cent 
ton- 
nage of 
-Amer- 
ican 
vessels 
lorms 

of 
total. 


42.9 
21.7 


41.6 
18.7 


73.9 
31.4 
14.7 
9.0 
36.0 
32.9 

48.0 
10.9 
46.7 
17.4 
42.9 
22.1 

100.0 
15.2 
36.6 
15.1 
31.3 
19.6 

82.0 
50.5 
78.5 

9.0 
15.1 

8.0 

45.2 
33.5 


U.S 
72.6 
68.0 
16.4 
37.0 
12.0 

31.2 
35.0 
63.3 
15.4 


Total. 


Num- 
ber. 


Tonnage. 


1,692,497 
31,468,600 


2,143      1,170,592 
11,115  24,872,432 


2 

1 

62 

142 

256 

1,603 

55 

1,092 

401 

736 

794 

4,598 

1 

17 

148 

1,024 

218 

390 

4 
20 
11 
37 
191 
1,455 

925 
3,710 


409 
926 
17 
593 
334 
351 

54 

1,410 

111 

425 


538 

775 

43,359 

269,923 

57,  257 

992,585 

58.98.5 

2,358,532 

61,460 

1,528,061 

577,677 

13,341,280 

1,402 
34,039 

131,985 

2,099,829 

34,015 

488,935 

465 

54,598 

8,901 

54,803 

194,548 

3,649,068 

321,905 
6, 596, 174 


166, 970 
987,202 
9,509 
1,314,564 
185,932 
399,163 

53,623 

2,777,491 

105,871 

1,117,754 


American  ves- 
sels. 


Foreign  vessels. 


Num- 
ber. 


1,019 
2,372 


5 
15 

183 
724 

29 
84 
129 
175 
355 
1,009 

1 
2 
85 
111 
70 
81 

2 
13 
7 
16 
152 
142 

461 
1,377 


163 
755 
10 
87 
187 
37 

18 

402 

83 

96 


Tonnage. 


Num- 
ber. 


437 


4,215 
32,853 
39,056 
329,240 

27,985 
227,162 

31, 572 

290,513 

228,799 

2,996,625 

1,402 

5,081 

55,370 

275,327 

23,331 

109,872 

218 

34,473 

6,938 

17,995 

148,931 

423,825 

227,409 
2, 017, 609 


52,148 
711,433 
5,802 
184,334 
76,177 
40,139 

16,  m 
936,368 

76.511 
145,335 


1,588 
11,076 

1,124 
8,743 


1 
1 

57 
127 

73 
879 

26 

1,008 

272 

5CI 

439 

3,589 


15 
63 
913 

148 
309 

2 

7 

4 

21 

39 

1,313 

464 
2,333 


246 
171 
7 
511 
147 
314 

36 

1,008 

28 

329 


Tonnage. 


896,834 
24,708,031 


602,338 
20,129,466 


101 

775 

39, 144 

237,072 

18,201 

663,343 

31,000 

2,131,370 

29,888 

1,237,548 

348,878 

10,344,655 


28,958 

76,615 

1, 824, 502 

10, 6*4 

379,063 

247 

20,125 

1,963 

36,810 

43,617 

3, 225, 243 

294,496 
4, 578. 563 


114,822 
273,769 
3,707 
1, 130, 230 
109,755 
359,024 

36,852 

1,841,123 

29.360 

972,419 


Per 

cent 

ton- 
nage of 
.\raeri- 

lean 
I  vessels 
I  lorms 
I     of 

total. 


47.0 
21.5 


48.5 
19.1 


81.2 


9.7 
12.2 
68.2 
33.2 

47.4 
9.6 
51.4 
19.0 
39.6 
22.5 

100. 0 
14.9 
42.0 
13.1 

68.6 
22.3 

46.9 
63.1 
77.9 
32.8 
766 
11.6 

43.6 
30.6 


31.2 
72.1 
61.0 
14.0 
41.0 
10.1 

31.3 
33.7 
72.3 
13.0 


'  Bureau  o(  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  Department  of  Commerce,  -'Commerce  and  Navigation  of  the  United  States,"  1916. 


Table  35  shows,  in  detail,  for  all  vessels,  the  princi- 
pal statistics  of  transportation  on  the  Atlantic  coast 


and  Gulf  of  Me.Kico,  by  class,  occupation,  and  character 
of  ownership,  for  1916. 


110 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 

Table   35.— ALL  VESSELS,  BY  CLASS, 


CLASS,  OCCUPATION,  AND  OWNERSHIP. 


Aggregate 

Steam  and  Motor. 


Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels. 

Ferryboats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaueoiis 


9     Individual 

10  Freight  and  passenger 

1 1  Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels. 

12  Fern-boats 

13  Fishing 

14  Yachts 

15  UisceUaneous 


Firm 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels. 

Ferryboats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Inoorporated  company 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels. 

Ferry  boats 

Fislung 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


All  other 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels. 

FeTTj-boats 

Fislung 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Steam. 


Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels . 

Ferryboats 

Fishmg 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous.. 


Indi\ddual 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels. 

FerrylMats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Firm 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels. 

Ferryboats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Incorporated  company 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels . 

Ferryboats 

Fishmg 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


All  other 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels. 

Ferryboats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Number  of 
vessels. 


25,387 


10.358 


2,798 
l,)<o6 

202 
2.011 
2,587 

8M 


5,940 
1,210 

496 

30 

1,271 

2,392 

541 

930 
262 
1S« 
5 
288 
118 
71 

3,295 
1,314 
1,156 
199 
449 
64 
113 

193 
12 
18 
28 
3 
13 

119 

3,396 


1,218 
1,454 
225 
206 
173 
120 

629 
121 
290 
18 
27 
154 
19 


228 

58 

141 

1 

11 
4 
11 

2,437 
1,032 
1,0J5 
179 
1G8 
14 
39 

104 

7 

18 

27 


Gross. 

Net. 

6,614,197 

5,457,627 

2,890.009 


2,403,734 
153, 122 
153,818 
61,056 
81,766 
36,513 


170,933 
43, 537 
22, 1S3 

3,224 
18,501 
76,011 

7,477 

31,520 
10, 2S8 
10,259 
125 
7,271 
2,069 
1,508 

2,649,285 

2,347,147 

119,371 

129, 4S6 

35, 249 

3,508 

14,524 

38,271 

2,  762 

1,309 

20,983 

35 

178 

13,004 

2, 734, 189 


2,343,852 
147,631 
162, 951 
29,728 
36,023 
24,004 

82,438 

23,615 

19,614 

3,071 

1,557 

33,223 

1,353 


18,797 

6,271 

8,734 

77 

1,649 

619 

647 

2,598,480 
2,311,320 
116,974 
lis,  865 
26, 622 
2,238 
12,461 

34.479 
2,646 
1,309 

20,  9.38 


43 
9,543 


1,893.193 


1,574,068 
93, 373 
104,862 
39,156 
56,777 
24,957 


119,401 
31,713 
13,564 

2,190 
13,371 
52,7.12 

6,801 

21,344 
7,277 
6,240 
84 
5,007 
1,.1.58 
1,120 

1,727,687 

1,533,467 

72,754 

88,724 

20, 6.S9 

2, 362 

9,691 

24,761 

1,611 

815 

13,864 

29 

].'-)7 

8,285 

1,776,494 


1, 529,  591 
89,530 
104,2,37 
16, 780 
21,038 
15,318 

61,490 
16,666 
11,696 
2,060 

924 
19,277 

867 


12,067 

4,348 

6,864 

41 

1,077 

346 

393 

1,690,757 

1,607,046 

71, 1,55 

8.8,312 

14, 779 

1,375 

8,090 

22,180 

1,533 

815 

13, 824 


40 
5,968 


Screw. 


Side 
wheel. 


2,584 
1,7S1 

144 
1,988 
2,587 

838 


5,846 
1,161 

461 

24 

1,207 

2,392 

541 

898 
216 
173 
4 
288 
118 
71 

2,998 
1,106 
1,129 
96 
432 
64 
111 

180 
11 
18 
20 
3 
13 

115 

3,055 


1,045 
1,410 
107 
206 
173 
114 

682 
07 

273 
12 
27 

154 
19 


204 
47 
131 


11 
4 
11 

2,178 
895 
988 
76 
168 
14 
37 

91 
6 
18 
19 


257 
~257 


131 

4 

117 


223 

117 

2 

103 


130 

4 

117 


223 

117 

2 

103 


Stem 
wheel. 


iioRSFPowEK  or 

ENOmiiS. 


179 
~179 


Steam. 


2,447,7.54 


2,447,754 


1,069,276 
420, 729 
154, 158 

49, 696 
111,025 

42,870 


191,333 
22,114 
52,402 
4,673 
2,523 
106,031 
3,530 

40, 229 
7,980 

28, 4  )2 

100 

1,555 

1,030 

1,162 

2,1.56,000 

1,636,611 

335,535 

119,465 

45,618 

3,940 

14,831 

60,192 
2,571 
4,330 

29,920 


24 
23,347 


2, 447, 754 


1,669,276 
420,729 
154,158 

49,696 
111,025 

42,870 

191,333 
22,114 
52,462 
4,673 
2,523 
106,031 
3,630 


40,229 
7,980 

28,402 

100 

1,555 

1,030 

1,162 

2,156,000 
1,630,011 
835,535 
119,465 
45,618 
3,940 
14,831 

60,192 
2,571 
4,330 

29,920 


Gasoline. 


24 
23,347 


242,989 


242,989 


49,  ill  10 
14,786 
1,442 
43,620 
ll)5,7,"i8 
27, 485 


168,746 
25,612 
6,479 
348 
25,110 
98,733 
12,664 

20,328 
6,828 
1,7J2 
87 
7, 525 
3,166 
2,020 

43,991 
18,415 
6,605 
977 
10,936 
3,600 
3,168 

9,924 
145 


30 

49 

267 

9,443 


ATLANTIC  COAST  AND  GULF  OF  MEXICO. 

OCCUPATION,  AND  OWNERSHIP:  191G. 


Ill 


CONSTRUCTION. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

INCOME. 

EMFLOTED  ON  VESSELS. 

i 

Number  of 

passengers 

carried. 

FBEIOBT   CARRIED    (TONS 
OF  2,000  POUNDS). 

Metal 

Wood. 

Com- 
posite. 

Total. 

Freight. 

Passenger. 

Another. 

Number. 

Wages. 

Exclusive  of 
lighterage. 

Lighterage  or 
harbor  work. 

1,791 

23,557 

39 

$642, 114,. 328 

$395,211,148 

$288,287,689 

$31,475,454 

$75,448,005 

104,224 

$67,378,700 

237,345,627 

80,3.35,771 

101,267,073 

1 

1.436 

8.893 

29 

527,057,790 

298,274,571 

212,246.077 

31,448,801 

54,679,693 

69.965 

48,234.277 

237,205,220 

41,898,368 

2,988,056 

2 

727 
388 
127 

19 
121 

54 

2,0.W 
1,467 

1.35 
1,992 
2,452 

788 

12 

1 

14' 

2 

430,299,612 
37,841,7,'i6 
14,664,863 

9,647,473 
25,590,224 

9,013,862 

24.5,750,5.13 

26,57.3,930 

10,318,559 

12,403,487 

146,078 

3,081,984 

212, 145, 406 
44,953 

24, 776, 744 

234 

6,671,823 

8, 828,  SRI 
26,528,743 

3,616,736 

12,350,277 

146,078 

3,079,476 

38,355 
11,831 
2,549 
10, 166 
4,S06 
2, 258 

26,081,263 
10,096,502 
2,437,826 
5,205,201 
2,643,167 
1,767,318 

19,158,111 

1,982 

218,045,127 

41,868,488 
1,188 

2,986,4% 

3 

4 

A 

63,210 

28,338 

n 

7 

2, 508 

354 

1,560 

8 

17S 
13 
40 
6 
3 
114 
2 

25 
6 
14 

i' 

3 
1 

1,180 

708 

328 

110 

15 

4 

15 

53 

6' 

11 

36' 

5,748 
l,lt6 

456 

24 

1,268 

2,266 

538 

905 

256 

172 

5 

287 
115 
70 

2,100 
595 
827 
89 
434 
58 
97 

140 
12 
12 
17 
3 
13 
83 

14 

1 

ii' 

1 

15 
11 
1 

2 

1 

37,648,812 

4,211,921 

5,632,239 

404,800 

2,159,780 

24, 142,. 366 
1,097,700 

4, 682,  .536 

1,067,529 

1,987,817 

13,500 

841,920 

5.58,950 

212,820 

477,717,020 
424,682,277 
29,915,780 
11,896,378 
6,612,267 
867,7,58 
3,712,560 

7,009,422 

337,885 

305,920 

2,350,185 

3,500 

21,150 

3,990,782 

12,081,183 

2,920,388 

4,085,220 

242, 861 

4,072,493 

128,773 

631,448 

4,632.049 

848,781 

1,853,973 

10, 745 

1,708,491 

13,705 

198,354 

279,968,636 

241,916,425 

20,452,813 

8,837,330 

6,615,383 

3,600 

2,143,085 

1,592,703 

66,939 

181,924 

1,227,623 

7,120 

2, 383,  ,587 

2,308,1,54 

44,453 

674,492 

480,855 

234 

193,403 

9,023,104 
131,379 

4,040,533 
49,458 

4,044,021 
128,773 
628,940 

3, 815,  .545 

43, 158 

1,863,973 

3,275 

1,703,080 

13,705 

198,354 

40,972,363 
8,653,816 

20,452,313 
3,123,463 
6,696,056 
3,600 
2,143,085 

768,681 

14,019 
2,753 
2,110 

103 
3,953 
4,484 

616 

3,297 

738 

945 

7 

1,374 
115 
118 

51,034 

34,789 

8  689 

1,977 

4,831 

195 

,j        663 

1,615 

76 

87 

462 

'12 
971 

7,173,139 
1,032,516 
1,609, 5.-SS 
66,017 
1,813,025 
2,466,841 
185,202 

2,147,996 

3.55,609 

756,774 

4,268 

889,  ,5.55 

70,683 

71,207 

37,203,879 

24,622,697 

7,645,9.55 

1,842,768 

2,497,501 

101,353 

493,605 

1,709,263 

73,541 

84,235 

624,773 

M     6,120 

'      4,290 

1,017,304 

4,466,8M 

1,812,657 

1,982 

2,662,285 

1,275,435 

1,269,093 

763 

217,474 
215,914 

9 

10 

11 

12 

28,472 

15,225 

13 

14 

2,508 

687,011 
681,600 

354 

386,276 
382,401 

1,560 

78,675 
78,675 

15 

129, 493 
122,023 

3.58,396 
286,786 

16 
17 
18 

7,470 

71,610 

19 

5,411 

3,875 

?n 

?1 

V? 

209,109,342 

209,089,515 

600 

29,886,931 
24,173,064 

208,448,844 
17,057,818 

40,211,350 

40,201,687 

426 

2,691,907 
2,691,907 

23 
24 

?5 

6,713,867 

191,391,026 

W 

19,327 

9,238 

?7 

78 

79 

66, 137 
66, 137 

767,88.5 
802 

23,931,176 
970 

25,307 
25,307 

30 

31 

181,924 

470,540 

7,120 

?? 

757,083 

23,930,206 

33 

34 

35 

109,097 

i»9,697 

36 

1,357 

2,017 

22 

498,229,447 

285,024,224 

209,410,213 

30,975,127 

44,638,884 

65,461 

40,974,721 

234,491,468 

40,382,827 

2,916,978 

37 

698 

384 

127 

15 

91 

42 

143 

12 

39 

6 

86' 

21 
4 
13 

i' 

2 
1 

1,149 

682 

326 

110 

14 

3 

14 

44 

6' 

11 

609 

1,069 

98 

191 
73 
77 

479 
109 
251 
12 
27 
61 
19 

205 

54 

128 

1 

10 

2 

10 

1,273 
339 
678 
69 
154 
S 
24 

60 
7 

12 
16 

11 

1 

9' 

1 

7 
7' 

15 
11 

1 

2 

1 

421,832,464 
36,861,706 
14,555,401 

6,761,664 
12,826,874 

6,391,338 

20,183,664 

2,197,500 

5,219,489 

379,950 

190,790 

12,030,825 

165,200 

2,927,959 

643,117 

1,875,842 

7,000 

101,000 

222,500 

78,500 

469,258,072 

418,663,262 

29,460,455 

11,823,266 

5,469,964 

568,549 

3,272,576 

5,859,7.52 
328,5.85 
305,920 

2,345,185 

242,465,651 

25,558,382 

10,198,522 

4,499,383 

44,053 

2,268,233 

5,478,134 
1,242,297 
3,652,273 
202,161 
245, 428 
37,228 
98,747 

2,419,777 

4.52,604 

1,770,069 

2,850 

79,646 

6,825 

107,783 

275,594,226 

240,712,669 

19,954,116 

8,765,888 
4,174,309 

209,358,250 
43,543 

24,405,921 

8,701,480 
25,514,839 
3,629,316 
4,490,963 
44,053 
2,258,233 

4,096,883 
61,663 

3,608,730 

45,087 

245, 428 

37,228 

98,747 

1,986,911 

21,314 

1,770,069 

1,650 

79.270 

6, 825 

107,783 

37,838,167 
8,618,503 

19,954,116 
3,112,039 
4,166,265 

35,329 
10,995 
2,469 
3,270 
2,285 
1,103 

5,123 

901 

1,765 

82 

208 

2,097 

80 

1,367 

335 

854 

4 

77 
47 
60 

47,770 

34,026 

8,299 

1,923 

2,985 

134 

403 

1,191 

67 
87 
460 

24,933,269 
9,653,231 
2,400,109 
1,654,605 
1,342,026 
991,481 

3,326,.'i63 

450,838 

1,449,009 

63,183 

119,306 

1,219,379 

35,148 

1,049,830 
194,649 
715,546 
2,848 
44,156 
45,433 
38,198 

3.5,396,801 

24,217,995 

7,404,441 

1,821,405 

1,491,143 

76,084 

386,733 

1,210,227 

69,787 

84,235 

522,673 

17,727,306 

40,374,179 
360 

2,916,978 

38 
89 

6,569,206 

216,764,162 

40 

8,420 

8,288 

41 

4? 

43 

980,844 

937,301 

43,543 

400,407 
243,333 

3,097,480 
841,857 

413,885 

413,525 

360 

195,426 
195,426 

44 

45 
46 

157,074 

2,255,623 

47 

48 

49 

50 

341,343 

340,967 

91,623 
90,323 

244,653 
232,653 

178, 5M 
177,828 

73,9.39 
73.939 

61 

62 
63 

1,200 

12,000 

64 

376 

676 

55 

56 

57 

208,029,945 
208,021,901 

29,726,114 
21,072,265 

207,237,129 
16,652,796 

39,770,319 
39,762,707 

2,647,613 
2,647,613 

68 
69 
60 

6,653,849 

190,584,333 

61 

8,044 

7,612 

6'' 

63 

1,987,244 

1,532,087 

58,081 

181,924 

1,227,623 

1,987,244 
716,923 

64 

58,081 
68,081 

757,083 

23,912,206 

20.119 
20,119 

K 

66 

181,924 
470,540 

67 

757,083 

23,912,206 

68 

m 

27' 

1 
24 

6,000 
2,875,062 

7 
670 

2. 1.30 
531,402 

70 

64,469 

64,469 



71 

112 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 

Table  36. 


-ALL  VESSELS,  BY  CLASS,  OCCU- 


CLASS,  OCCUPATION,  AND  OWNERSHIP. 


Motor  . 


Number  of 
vessels. 


Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towmg  vessels. 

Ferryboats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Individual 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels . 

Ferryboats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Finn 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels. 

Ferrj'boats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Incorporated  company 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels. 

Ferryboats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


All  other 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels. . 

Ferryboats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Sail. 


Freight  and  passenger . 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Individual 

Freight  and  passenger. 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Firm 

Freight  and  passenger. 

Fishmg 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Incorporated  company 

I'reight  and  passenger. 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


-Vll  other 

Freight  and  passenger . 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Unkigoed.. 


Canal  boats. 
Other  unrigg 


Individual 

Canal  boats 

Other  unrigged . 


Finn 

Canal  boats 

Other  unrigged. 


Incorporated  company. . 

Canal  boats ".. 

Other  unrigged 


AH  other 

Canal  boats 

Otherunrigged. 


6,962 


402 

37 

1,805 

2,414 

724 

5,311 
1,089 

206 

12 

1,244 

2,2J8 

522 

704 
204 

45 

4 

277 

114 

BO 

858 
282 
151 

20 
2S1 

60 
.    74 


dross. 


153,820 


4,2.57 


1,972 

1,718 

495 

72 

2,796 

1,006 

1,281 

458 

51 

600 
358 
207 
31 
4 

804 

5r,9 

220 

5 

10 


10,772 


445 
10,327 

2,123 

2C8 
1,855 

1,103 

17 

1,086 

7,416 

160 

7,256 

130 


59,8.82 
5,491 
867 
31,328 
45, 743 
12,509 

88,500 
19, 922 

2,569 

1.53 

16,944 

42, 7S8 

6,124 

12,723 

4,017 

625 

48 

5,722 

1,550 

861 

50,805 
3.5,827 
2,397 
621 
8,627 
1,270 
2,063 


3,792 
116 


Net. 


Screw. 


116,699 


45 
35 
135 

3, 461 


847,950 


790,630 
44,524 
10, 180 
2,616 

203,-549 

169,980 

23,2.57 

9, 585 

727 

138,770 

131,925 

6,3S9 

355 

101 

489,996 

474,773 

13,676 

218 

1,329 

15,635 

13,952 

1,202 

22 

459 


2,876,238 


44,477 
3,M3 
625 
22,376 
3.1.739 
9,639 

67,911 

15,047 

1,X68 

130 

12,447 

33,425 

4,994 

9,277 
2, 031 

370 

43 

3,990 

1,210 

727 

36,9.30 

2r.,  421 

1,599 

412 

5,910 

9H7 

1,601 


2,581 

78 


40 

29 

117 

2,317 


748,794 


704,160 

33,677 

8,  .598 

2,359 

177,491 

1.50,517 

18, 259 

8,073 

642 

118,310 

113,037 

4,808 

310 

95 

439,925 
428,910 

9,627 
198 

1,190 

13,068 
11,096 

923 
17 

432 


2,815,640 


6,867 


1, 539 

371 

37 

1,7^2 

2,414 

724 

5,264 
1,0I>4 

1R8 

12 

1,240 

2, 2*8 

522 

694 
199 

42 

4 

275 

114 

60 

820 
271 
141 
20 
264 
50 
74 


Side 
wheel. 


Stem 
wheel. 


130 


6.1.730 
2,812,508 

455,063 
36,765 
418, 298 

284,636 

2,638 

281,998 

2,110,441 

24,327 

2,086,114 

26,098 

26,' 098' 


61,090 
2,754,550 

449,110 
.3.->,H2 
413,968 

280,101 

2,  .596 

277,505 

2,060,662 

23,3.52 

2,037,310 

25,767 


94 


25,767 


HORSEPOWER  OF 

ENGINES. 


Steam. 


Gasoline. 


242,989 


49,900 
14,786 
1,442 
43,620 
105,  756 
27,485 

168,746 
25,512 
6,479 
348 
25,110 
98,733 
12,564 

20,328 
6,828 
1,702 
87 
7,525 
3,168 
2,020 

43,991 
18,415 
6,605 
977 
10,936 
3,600 
3,458 


1,924 
145 


30 

49 

257 

9,443 


ATLANTIC  COAST  AND  GULF  OF  MEXICO. 

PATION,  AND  OWNERSHIP:  1916— Continued. 


113 


CONSTRUCTION. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

INCOME. 

EMPLOTED  ON  VESSELS. 

Number  of 

passengers 

carried. 

FKEIOHT   CABEIED    (TONS 
Of  2,000  POUNDS). 

Metal. 

Wood. 

Com- 
posite. 

Total. 

Freight, 

Passenger. 

Another. 

Niiinber. 

Wages. 

Exclusive  of 
lighterage. 

Lighterage  or 
harbor  work. 

79 

6.876 

7 

$28,828,343 

$13,250,347 

$2,8.35,864 

$473,674 

$9,940,809 

14,. 514 

$7,259,556 

2,713,7,52 

1,515,541 

71,078 

1 

29 

4 

4' 

30 
12 

35 

1 
1 

3' 

28 
2 

4 
2 
1 

i" 

31 

26 
2 

i' 

1 
1 

9 

1,550 

398 

37 

1.801 

2.379 

711 

5,269 
1,087 

205 

12 

1,241 

2,205 

519 

700 
202 

44 

4 

277 

113 

60 

827 
2,56 
149 
20 
280 
49 
73 

80 
5 

1 

5' 

1 

7 

1 

5' 

1 

8,467,148 
980,0,50 
109,462 

3,885,809 
12,7ai,3.50 

2,622,524 

17,465,143 

2,014,421 

412,750 

24,,8.-,0 

1,969,086 

12,  111, .541 

932,500 

1,7,54,. 577 
424.412 
111.975 
6,500 
740,920 
336.4,-,0 
134,320 

8,4.58.918 

6,019.015 

455,325 

73,112 

1.172,303 

299,209 

439,984 

1,149,670 
9,300 

3,284,882 

1,015,. 518 

120,037 

7,904,104 

102,025 

823,751 

6,603,019 
1,678,091 
432,947 
40, 700 
3,827,065 
91.. 545 
532,701 

2,212,272 

394.177 

83.904 

7.  .895 

1,628,845 

6,SS0 

90,571 

4.371,410 

1,203.7.16 

498,697 

71.112 

2,441,074 

3.600 

155.841 

60,616 
8,858 

2, 787, 156 
1,410 

370,823 

234 

102,617 

126,903 

1,013,904 

17,420 

7,859,314 

102,025 

821,243 

4,926,221 
69, 716 
431.803 
.4,371 
3, 798,  .593 
91.. 515 
530,193 

1,828,634 

21,814 

83,904 

1,625 

1,623.810 

6.880 

90,571 

3,134.196 

35.313 

493. 197 

11.124 

2,429.791 

3,600 

155,841 

51,758 

3,026 
836 
SO 
6,896 
2.. 521 
1,155 

8,896 
1,.8,52 

355 

21 

3,745 

2,. 3.87 

536 

1,930 

403 
91 
3 
1,297 
68 
68 

3,264 

763 
390 

54 
1,846 

61 
1,50 

424 
8 

1,150,991 

443,271 

37,717 

3.  .5,50, 596 

1,301,141 

775,837 

3,846,276 

581,678 

100,, 529 

12,.<34 

1,693.719 

1.247.462 

150,054 

1.107,166 
160,860 
41,223 
1,420 
845,399 
25,2.50 
33,009 

1,807,078 
404,702 
241,514 
21,,3a3 
l,00R.3.i8 
26,269 
106,  872 

499,036 
3,754 

1,430,805 

1,932 

1,280,965 

1,494,309 
828 

69,518 

2 

3 

4 

44,790 

20,050 

5 

A 

2,508 

1,402,743 

1,370,853 

910 

354 

861,550 

845,568 

403 

1,560 

22,048 
20,488 

7 

274,085 

237,522 

234 

36,329 

1,369,324 

970,680 

1,982 

396,662 

8 
9 
10 

1) 

28,472 

2;568' 

345.668 
340.633 

15,225 

1? 

n 

354 

207,772 
204,573 

1,560 

4.736 
4,736 

14 

37,970 
31,700 

113,743 
,54,1.33 

15 
16 
17 

6,270 

59,610 

18 

5,035 

3,199 

19 

W 

n 

1.079,397 

1,067,614 

600 

160,817 
100,799 

1,211,715 
405,022 

441,031 

438,980 

425 

44.294 
44,294 

22 

23 
?4 

60,018 

806,693 

?5 

11,283 

1,626 

2fi 

27 

?8 

8,056 
8,056 

802 
802 

18,970 
970 

5,188 
5,188 

211 

30 

31 

9' 

1 

3 

12 

59 

5,000 

3,500 

16,150 

1,115,720 

2 

8 

5 

401 

2,100 

5,120 

2,160 

485,902 

18,000 

32 

7,120 

7,120 

33 

34 

44,633 

44.638 

35 

93 

4,150 

9 

46,323,549 

35,820,509 

29,493,152 

17, 726 

6, 309, 631 

13,672 

8,513,087 

867 

13,348,876 

61,640 

36 

85 
3 
10 

21 
8 
3 

10 

3 
3 

74 
74 

257 

1,887 

1,715 

476 

72 

2,767 
993 

1,278 

440 

51 

596 
355 
207 
30 
4 

730 

495 

220 

5 

10 

57 
39 
10 

1 
7 

10,  .514 

9' 

8 

S 

1 

i' 

1 

40,324,576 

3,392,652 

1,792,288 

314,033 

11,410,462 

8,098,513 

1,519,3,58 

1,732,808 

59,783 

6,151,622 

5,610,9,53 

494,0^4 

3S.8S0 

7,100 

27,903,479 

20,421,219 

1,273,010 

19,600 

189,650 

857,986 
693,886 
105, 600 
1,000 
57,500 

68,7,32,989 

29,758,507 

6,001.601 

1,650 

58,751 

9,681,400 

6,583,363 

3,067,9H3 

1,6,50 

28,404 

6,902,194 
5,844,675 
1,055,769 

29,417,669 
75.483 

17, 725 

323.112 

5,920.113 

1,0.50 

58,751 

3,094,700 
42.. 576 

3,022.070 

1,6,50 

28,401 

1,036,698 

1,551 

1,033,397 

3,706 

9,0S0 

772 

114 

9,523 

3,293 

5,128 

756 

46 

2,974 

1,761 

1,192 

15 

a 

5,731 
3,439 
2,263 

4,S61,144 

3, 270,  ,535 

345.041 

36,067 

3,441,4,53 

1.471,791 

1,619.427 

339,978 

10,257 

1,678,019 

1,119.978 

552.078 

4,963 

1,000 

3,105,257 

2,123,336 

970,914 

867 

13,300,818 
48,058 

61,640 

37 
38 

39 

40 

6,582,900 

6,536,987 

45,913 

3,800 
3,800 

537 
537 

2,390,850 

2, 360,  .869 

29,931 

52,662 
82,662 

41 
42 
43 

44 

4ft 

5,851,596 

5,829,224 

22,372 

13,900 
13,900 

320 

320 

1,248,304 

1,231,260 

17,044 

2,500 
2,500 

46 
47 
48 

49 

1,750 

13,485,597 

16,772,400 

1,689,600 

1,750 

1,98.5,722 

27S.985 
1,683,140 

.50 

16,499,849 

16,493,389 

6,460 

26 
26 

10 
10 

9,537,903 

9,537,517 

386 

6,478 
6,478 

51 
52 
fi3 

fi4 

23,597 

751,318 
558,069 
188,249 

23,597 
192,511 

29 

444 
213 
197 
1 
33 

15,587 

11,007 

2SS,358 

146,339 

128,116 

100 

13,803 

10,631.336 

ftft 

5.58,807 

558,069 

738 

171,819 
171, 172 

,56 

S7 

187,511 

58 

59 

5,000 
61,116,068 

6,000 
14,553,681 

60 

46,548,460 

8,927 

139,540 

25,088,527 

98,217,377 

61 

4 
253 

12 

4 
8 

9 

9' 

236 
"""236' 

441 

10,073 

2,111 

2.1 1 
1,847 

1,094 

17 

1,077 

7,179 

160 

7,019 

130 

i' 

1 
i' 

914,437 
67,818,552 

7,375,5.57 

565, 951 

6,809,606 

5,690.442 

.52,600 

5,637,842 

54,883,095 

295,.S.S6 

54,587,209 

733,895 

617, 1,59 
60,498,909 

5,863,176 

2,50, 159 

5,612,717 

4,675,867 

11,  I'M 

4, 661, 401 

50,275,297 

3,55,234 

49,920,063 

301,728 

566.732 
45,981,728 

4,993,422 

211,001 

4,751,821 

3, 370,  .585 

10,  766 

3,359,819 

38,130,603 

314,365 

37,866,238 

3,850 

50,427 
14,508,254 

869,7.54 

8,858 

860,896 

1,305,2,32 

700 

1,304,582 

12,085,767 

40, 869 

12,(M4,S9S 

297, 878 

360 
15,227 

2,206 

194 

2,012 

1,541 
15 

1,526 

11,771 

151 

11,620 

69 

206,519 
10,424,817 

1,221,490 

109,897 

1,111,593 

913.606 

S,s,50 

909, 756 

8,447,278 

87,772 

8,359,506 

43,962 

357,845 
24,730,682 

3,389,607 

101.421 

3,2SS,1S6 

3,061,736 

12,100 

3,049,636 

18,633,384 

244,324 

18,389,060 

3,300 

2,212,352 
96,005,025 

7,529.980 
1,177,634 
6,352,296 

6,213,823 

28,850 

6,184,973 

34,467,574 

1,005,818 

83,461,758 

6.000 

62 

8,927 

139,540 

63 
64 

65 

m 

67 

68 

69 

8,927 

139,540 

70 
71 

8,927 

139,540 

72 

74 

130 

783,895 

301,728 

3,850 

297,878 

69 

43,962 

3,800 

6,000 

75 

116515°— 20— 8 


p 


PACIFIC  COAST 


115 


1 


PACIFIC  COAST  (INCLUDING  ALASKA). 


By  F.  W.  Chase. 


SCOPE    OF    THE    REPOET. 


The  statistics  of  water  transportation  which  are 
presented  in  this  section  of  the  report  are  for  ves- 
sels operating  on  the  ooasts  of  the  three  states  border- 
ing on  the  Pacific  Ocean  and  the  territory  of  Alaska. 
The  report  for  the  census  of  1889  did  not  include 
Alaska.  In  that  year  very  httle  shipping  was  car- 
ried on  entirely  within  Alaskan  waters,  and  the  ma- 
jority of  the  vessels  operating  between  Alaska 
and  ports  in  Washington,  Oregon,  or  California  were 
credited  to  those  states.  Under  these  conditions,  the 
totals  for  the  shipping  on  the  Pacific  coast,  including 
Alaska,  for  1916  and  1906  are  properly  placed  in  com- 
parison with  the  totals  for  the  Pacific  coast  in  1889. 

The  total  shore  line  of  the  three  states,  includ- 
ing the  shore  line  on  tidal  waters  to  points  where 
such  waters  narrow  to  a  width  of  1  statute  mile, 
is  estimated  to  be  about  3,700  statute  miles.  There 
has  been,  however,  no  systematic  siuTcy  of  water 
areas  adjacent  to  these  states  for  20  years.  This 
coast  line,  with  its  nmnerous  harbors  and  rivers  that 
penetrate  far  into  the  interior,  affords  exceptional 
facilities  for  the  prosecution  of  maritime  commerce.  A 
considerable  foreign  trade  is  carried  on  between  the 
Pacific  coast  ports  and  Great  Britain,  Japan,  China, 
and  South  America,  while  regular  passenger  and 
freight  vessels  ply  between  the  Hawaiian  and  Philip- 
pine Islands. 

The  harbors  on  the  Pacific  coast  are  exceptionally 
good,  and  while  the  true  harbors  are  not  numerous 
there  are  roadsteads  and  many  ports  that  afford  safe 
anchorage.  San  Francisco  Bay,  which  is  about  40 
miles  long,  furnishes  the  principal  harbor  on  the  coast 
and  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world.  Adjoining  it  on 
the  north  is  San  Pablo  Bay  which  is  connected  with 
Suisim  Bay  by  the  Strait  of  Carquinez.  The  Sacra- 
mento and  San  Joaquin  Rivers  discharge  together  at 
the  eastern  end  of  Suismi  Bay,  affording  contmuous 
navigation  from  the  sea  to  Sacramento  and  Stockton; 
and  for  hght-draft  boats  these  rivers  are  navigable 
north  to  Red  Bluff  on  the  Sacramento  and  to  Fire- 
baugh  on  the  San  Joaquin. 

The  next  harbor  of  importance  in  California  is  at 
Los  Angeles,  on  the  river  of  the  same  name,  about  14 
miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean.  In  the  extreme  south- 
ern part  of  California  is  the  harbor  of  San  Diego,  about 
500  mdes  from  San  Francisco  Harbor. 

Wliile  the  lack  of  deep  and  convenient  harbors  on 
the  California  coast  centralizes  commerce  at  San  Fran- 
cisco, a  large  amount  of  commerce  is  carried  on  by 


small  vessels  which  fijid  shelter  and  opportunity  in 
the  roadsteads  which  are  distributed  over  almost  the 
whole  length  of  the  coast,  the  principal  ones  being 
Los  Angeles  (San  Pedro),  San  Luis  Obispo,  Monterey, 
and  Santa  Cruz,  situated  south  of  San  Francisco,  and 
Drakes  Bay,  Trinidad,  and  Crescent  City  to  the  north. 

The  coast  line  of  Oregon  is  but  little  indented.  The 
landings  for  commercial  purposes  are  principally 
formed  by  the  mouths  of  rivers,  the  mouths  of  the 
Rogue  River,  the  Coquille,  the  Umpqua,  and  the  Sius- 
law  being  of  the  most  importance.  Good  harbors  are 
also  found  at  Port  Orford,  Coos  Bay,  Tillamook  Bay, 
and  Yaquina  Bay. 

The  most  remarkable  waterways  of  Oregon  are  the 
Colimibia  and  Willamette  Rivers.  The  Willamette 
flows  northward  and  empties  into  the  Columbia  about 
100  miles  from  the  ocean,  and  is  navigable  for  hght 
craft  as  far  as  Eugene. 

The  city  of  Portland,  situated  on  the  Willamette 
River,  about  12  miles  from  its  confluence  with  the 
Colmnbia  and  110  miles  by  river  from  the  sea,  is  the 
head  of  ocean  navigation  for  nearly  the  whole  area 
drained  by  the  Columbia  River,  and  is  the  first  place 
north  of  San  Francisco,  from  which  it  is  distant  about 
700  miles,  which  wiU  admit  seagoing  vessels  of  all 
classes. 

The  only  indentations  of  any  commercial  conse- 
quence on  the  coast  of  Washington  between  the  mouth 
of  the  Columbia  River  and  Cape  Flattery  are  Willapa 
Harbor  and  Grays  Harbor.  The  distinguishing  fea- 
ture of  the  coast  of  Washington  is  Puget  Sound. 
This  landlocked  body  of  salt  water,  together  with  its 
many  navigable  inlets  extending  inland  from  5  to  35 
miles,  gives  the  state  a  commanding  position  in  the 
commercial  development  of  the  Pacific  coast.  Seattle, 
the  commercial  center  of  Puget  Soimd,  is  about  150  miles 
from  the  sea  and  its  harbor  admits  the  largest  ocean- 
going vessels.  Seattle  is  the  starting  point  as  well  as 
the  distributing  point  for  practically  ^11  the  Alaskan 
trade.  Regtilar  steamers  leave  this  port  for  Ketchi- 
kan, Wrangell,  Juneau,  Nome,  and  other  Alaskan 
points.  Steamers  also  leave  this  port  for  British  Co- 
lumbia, Japan,  China,  Austraha,  South  America,  Ha- 
waii, Philippine  Islands,  Great  Britain,  and  other  for- 
eign countries. 

Other  cities  of  importance  from  a  shipping  stand- 
point situated  on  Puget  Sound  are  Port  Angeles,  Bel- 
lingham,  Anacortes,  Everett,  Tacoma,  and  Olympia, 
the  latter  city  being  at  the  head  of  navigation,  50 
miles  SSW.  of  Seattle. 

117 


118 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER 

GENERAL    SUMMARY. 


The  comparative  tables  in  this  report  do  not  in- 
clude  vessels  engaged  in   the   fisheries,  as  statistics 


concerning  such  vessels  were  not  secured  in  1906  or 
1889. 

Table  1  summarizes  the  general  statistics  for  1916, 
1906,  and  1889. 


Table  1.— ALL  VESSELS  AND  CRAFT,  EXCLUSIVE  OF  FISHING  VESSELS:  1916,  1906,  AND  1889. 


Number  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnage 

Value  of  vessels 

Gross  income 

Number  employed  on 
vessels 


Number  of  passengers 

ai  tried 

Freight     and     harbor 
work   (tons  of  2,000 

pounds) 

Freight  carried 

Harbor  work 


1916 


4,092 
1,185,901 
$127,310,646 
J80, 215, 193 

23.576 
$18,055,141 

65,408,843 


25, 125, 484 
21,853,985 
3, 271, 499 


1906 


2,537 
977,687 
S76, 622, 6'i3 
$48, 620, 139 

20,142 
$12,950,399 

44,189,971 


17,622,816 
13,301,293 
4,321,5^ 


1889» 


1,635 

419,157 
821,824,040 
$19, 872, 738 

11,315 
$5,880,421 

15,672,093 


11,249,927 
8,818,363 
2,431,564 


1906 


__ 


2,123  1,066 

10,300  518,107 

$105, 9X7, 697  S60, 440, 145 

$72,149,333  $40,220,388 


20,014 
$16,366,933 


55,408,843 


23,377,203 
20, 105, 704 
3, 271, 499 


15, 661 
$10,230,828 

44, 187, 184 


14, 173, J 


u 


1889 


465 
160,293 
$14, 767, 355 
812,959,914 

6,682 
$3,567,226 

15,672,093 


^ 


1916 


296 
222,040 
$13,259,661 
$8, 065, 860 

3,562 
$1,688,208 


1,748,281 
1, 74S,  2S1 


666 
3a5,  2S3 
$11,533,171 
$S,  299,  751 

4,481 
$2,719,571 

2, 787 


3,449,217 


1889 


681 
195,508 
$6,251,340 
56,912,821 

4,633 
32,313,195 


2,761,826 


t^ 


UNRIGGED. 


1,673 
aw,  561 
1,08:5,288 
C) 

{') 

(') 


$4 


1906 


805 
154,297 
649,317 
{<) 


1889 


489 
63,356 
$825,345 
(') 

(') 


» Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

*  Includes  schooner  barges,  scow  schooners,  etc.,  when  fitted  with  sails. 
'  Excludes  10  steamers  and  86  sailing  vessels  registered  in  Atlantic  coast  ports, 
but  engaged  wholly  or  partially  in  business  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

Table  2  gives  percentages  of  increase  based  on  figures 
given  in  Table  1 . 

Table  2. — ^All  Vessels   and  Craft,  Exclu.sive   of   Fishing 
Vessels,  Per  Cent  op  Inceease:   1889-1916  and  1906-1916. 


FEB  CENT  OF 

INCSEASE.I 

Total. 

Stcam.i 

Sail. 

Unrigged. 

1906- 
1916 

1889- 
1916 

1906- 
1916 

1889- 
1916 

1906- 
1916 

1889- 
1916 

1906- 
1916 

1889- 
1916 

Number  of  vesseb; 

61.3 
21.3 
66.2 
65.3 

17.0 
39.4 

25.4 

42.6 
64.3 
-24.3 

150.3 
182.9 
483.4 
303.6 

108.4 
207.0 

253.6 

123.3 
147.8 
34.5 

99.2 
37.1 
75.4 
79.4 

27.8 
60.0 

25.4 

64.9 

8 

356.6 
343.2 
617.7 
456.7 

199.5 
358.8 

253.6 

175.4 
(') 

-55.6 

-27.3 

15.0 

-2.8 

-20.5 
-37.9 

-56.5 
13.6 
112.8 
16.7 

-23.1 
-27.0 

107.8 
64.3 
73.4 
(0 

242.1 

300.2 

877.0 

(') 

Number  employed  on  ves- 
sels       

(') 

<'S 

Number  of  passengers  car- 

Freight  and  harbor  work 

(tons  of  2,000  pounds). . . 

Freight  carried 

-49.3 

8 

-36.7 

(') 

(4 

iii 

I  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 
•  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 
"  Figures  not  available. 


DiAGKAM  1. — Gross  Tonnage  of  All  Vessels  and  Craft,  Ex- 
clusive OF  FiSHiNQ  Vessels:  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


HUNoneoa  of  thousands  of  tons 


leie 

1008 


^^BOX^^^ 


GROSS    TONNAGE     1018 


*  Included  in  statistics  for  steam 
6  Figures  not  available. 


Diagram  2, — Valuk  of  All  Vessels  and  Craft,  Exclusive  of 
Fishing  Vessels:  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


MiU.IONa   or   DOLLARS 


t9id 
i90eC 


'///////,m 


^^« 


y'////Amy///////////////y^^^^^^ 


iMJ 


lUNRiaOEO 


VAUUC  OF  VESSELS   iSlS 


Diagram  3. — Gross  Income  of  All  Vessels 
CLUsrvE  op  Fishing  Vessels:  1916,  1906, 


AND  Craft,  Ex- 
AND  1889. 


MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 


loie 
i9oa 

1669 


^^^^^^^^^^^^^^''^^ 


GROSS    INCOME    ISIS 


Taken  as  a  whole,  the  statistics  for  the  Pacific  coast 
show  a  satisfactory  increase  for  the  decade  1906-1916. 
The  totals  for  all  classes  of  vessels  combined  show 
increases  from  census  to  census  for  each  item  pre- 
sented in  Table  1,  except  harbor  work  from  1906  to 
1916.  Increases  are  shown  for  steam  vessels,  which 
include  all  craft  propelled  by  machinery,  while  sailing 


PACIFIC  COAST  (INCLUDING  ALASKA). 


119 


vessels  show  a  general  decrease  from  1906  to  1916 
in  all  items,  except  value.  The  fact  that  all  craft 
equipped  with  propelling  power  were  classified  as  steam 
vessels,  and  the  further  fact  that  dm-iug  the  last 
decade  many  sailing  vessels  have  been  equipped  with 
auxiliary  power  placing  them  in  the  "steam"  class 
has  had  some  effect  in  reducing  the  actual  number  of 
sailing  vessels.  In  1889  the  sailing  vessels  on  the 
Pacific  coast  represented  41.7  per  cent  of  the  total 
number,  while  in  1906  the  percentage  was  26.3,  and 
in  1916  it  was  only  7.2.  Correspondingly,  their  pro- 
portion of  the  total  tonnage  decreased  from  46.6  to 
31.2  and  to  18.7  per  cent,  respectively,  at  the  later 
censuses.  Steam  vessels  show  an  increase  over  1906 
of  1,057  in  number,  their  gross  tonnage  having  in- 
creased 192,253  tons,  and  their  value  $45,547,552, 
the  percentages  of  increase  being  99.2,  37.1,  and  75.4, 
respectively. 

The  increase  over  1906  of  66.2  per  cent  in  the  total 
value  of  all  vessels  is  to  a  greater  or  less  degree  prob- 
lematical, as  the  estimate  placed  upon  the  valuation 
of  a  vessel  is  often  dependent  upon  extraneous  condi- 
tions, and  frequently  overestimated  by  the  owner, 
while,  on  the  other  hand,  a  "book  value"  may  have 
been  reported  which  is  below  the  actual  commercial 
value.  Valuation,  therefore,  by  itseK,  or  as  compared 
with  tonnage,  may  to  some  extent  be  misleading. 

The  gross  income  increased  from  $48,520,139  in 
1906  to  $80,215,193  in  1916,  or  65.3  per  cent.     Steam 


vessels  and  unrigged  craft  combined  contributed  89.9 
per  cent  of  the  total  income  in  1916  and  sailing  ves- 
sels 10.1  per  cent.  In  many  cases  no  separate  report 
of  income  was  obtainable  for  barges  and  other  unrigged 
craft  which  were  towed  by  tugs  of  the  same  owner- 
ship. In  such  cases,  the  freight  carried  on  unrigged 
craft  was  credited  to  these  craft,  while  the  income 
was  reported  for  the  towing  vessels. 

The  total  number  of  passengers  carried  shows  an 
increase  of  11,218,872,  or  25.4  per  cent,  over  1906. 

Important  among  the  items  shown  in  Tables  1  and  2 
ia  that  of  freight  movements.  A  marked  development 
is  shown  in  freight  traffic  on  the  Pacific  coast  during 
the  passing  of  the  27  years  covered  by  these  tables.  In 
1889  an  attempt  was  made  to  include  "logs  towed  in 
rafts"  as  freight,  but  this  was  found  to  be  so  luisat- 
isfactory  that  the  attempt  was  abandoned  at  the  cen- 
sus of  1906.  It  is  uncertain  how  much  of  such  freight 
was  included  in  the  1889  figiires,  but  it  is  safe  to  as- 
sume that  it  would  form  but  a  small  percentage  of  the 
total. 

The  total  amount  of  freight  carried,  including  har- 
bor work,  increased  7,502,668  tons,  or  42.6  per  cent, 
between  1906  and  1916.  The  lighterage — or  harbor 
work — included  in  the  total  freight  carried  amounted 
to  3,271,499  tons  in  1916  and  to  4,321,523  tons  in 
1906.  The  decrease  in  amoimt  of  freight  carried  by 
sailing  vessels  is  due  largely  to  the  change  of  classi- 
fication owing  to  the  installation  of  auxiliary  power. 


Table  3.— ALL  VESSELS  AND  CRAFT,  BY  OCCUPATION,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL:  1916. 


OCCUPATION. 


Total 

Commercial  vessc  Is . 


Freight  and  passcnecr 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels . 

Fishing  vessels 

Ferryboats 

JMunioipal 

Railroad 

Another 

Unrigged  craft 


Yachts 

Miscellaneous.. 


Num- 
ber. 


4,962 


4,530 


1,269 

642 

870 

76 

11 

2.S 

37 

1,673 

322 
110 


Per 
cent 

of 
total. 


100  0 


91.3 


25.6 
12.9 
17.5 
1.5 
0.2 
0.6 
0.7 
33.7 

6.5 
2.2 


Gross  tons. 


1,215,303 


1,201,933 


831,950 
35,600 
29,342 
61,480 
4,209 
43,816 
3,425 
253,661 

9,009 
4,361 


Per 
cent 

of 
total. 


100.0 


98.9 


68.5 
2.9 
2.4 
4.2 
0.3 
3.6 
0.3 

20.9 

0.7 
0.4 


VALUE  OF  VESSELS. 


Amount. 


$132,524,924 


129,325,880 


102,573,994 
6,866,384 
6,214,278 
6,607,936 

401,637 
5,799,857 

406,442 
8,063,288 

2,211,062 

987,982 


Per 
cent 

of 
total. 


97.6 


77.4 
5.2 
3.9 
5.0 
0.3 
4.4 
0.3 
6.1 

1.7 
0.7 


GROSS  INCOME. 


$85,030,1*4 


84,719,391 


65,330,908 

6,019,784 

4,814,991 

3,259,556 

89,628 

2,786,849 

3S!,079 

15,294,152 

47,951 
262,842 


Per 
cent 

of 
total. 


100.0 


99.6 


76.8 
7.1 
5.7 
3.8 
0.1 
3.3 
0.4 
6.2 

0.1 
0.3 


EMPLOYFn 
ON  VESSELS. 


Number. 


28,466 
27,950 


18,309 

2,412 

4,890 

825 

106 

607 

112 

I  1,514 

270 
246 


Per 
cent 

of 
total. 


100.0 
98.2 


64.3 
8.5 

17.2 
2.9 
0.4 
2.1 
0.4 
5.3 

0.9 
0.9 


.\mcunt. 


$20,483,963 


20,065,835 


13,411,782 

2,116,600 

2,428,822 

964,0.80 

112,212 

757.485 

94,383 

'  1,134,651 

208,682 
219,446 


Per 
cent 

of 
total. 


100.0 


97.9 


65.5 
10.3 
11.9 
4.7 
0.5 
3.7 

as 

S.S 

1.0 
1.1 


1  In  many  cases  the  income,  employees,  and  wages  for  unrigged  craft  were  not  reported  separately,  but  were  included  in  the  reports  for  towing  vessels. 


Of  the  Pacific  coast  fleet  the  vessels  used  for  com- 
mercial purposes  formed  91.3  per  cent  of  the  total 
number,  and  their  tonnage  and  value  formed  98.9 
and  97.6  per  cent  of  the  respective  totals.  A  further 
segregation  has  been  made  which  presents  statistics 
for  vessels  according  to  their  character  of  service. 
Those  classed  as  freight  and  passenger  were  the 
most  important  in  every  respect,  except  as  to  number 
of  vessels.     Together  with  the  unrigged  they  repre- 


sented 59.3  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  vessels, 
89.3  per  cent  of  the  gross  tonnage,  and  83.1  per  cent 
of  the  gross  income.  Tugs  and  towing  vessels  are 
so  closely  related,  and  so  essential  to  the  freight  and 
passenger  and  the  unrigged  craft,  that  it  is  unsat- 
isfactory' to  consider  separately  several  of  the  items 
connected  with  their  statistics.  They  represented, 
however,  2.9  per  cent  of  the  total  tonnage  and  5.2  per 
cent  of  the  total  value. 


120 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


In  1006  forryboats  owned  and  operated  by  railroad 
companies  in  transferring  cars  were  chxssificd  as  ferry- 
boats. The  statistics  for  1916  eliminated  such  craft 
from  that  class  and  included  them  with  the  passenger 
and  freight  service.  The  76  ferryboats  in  1 9 1 6  formed 
1.5  per  cent  of  the  number  of  all  classes,  4.2  per  cent 
of  the  total  tonnage,  and  reported  3.8  per  cent  of  the 
total  income. 

Fishing  vessels,  engaged  primarily  in  salmon 
fishing,  reported  17.2  per  cent  of  the  total  number 
of  employees,  and  11.9  per  cent  of  the  total  amount  of 


wages,  while  the}'  represented  17.5  per  cent  of  the 
total  number  of  craft  reported. 

The  322  yachts  formed  6.5  per  cent  of  the  total 
number  and  1.7  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  all 
vessels,  but  for  none  of  the  other  items  contained  in 
the  table  did  then*  proportion  exceed  1  per  cent. 

The  miscellaneous  gi'oup  of  vessels  embraced 
dredges,  pilot  boats,  water  boats,  those  used  for 
scientific  and  benevolent  purposes,  and  various  other 
vessels  not  specifically  covered  by  the  other  classifi- 
cations. 


Table  4.— NUMBER,  GROSS  TONNAGE,  AND  VALUE  OF  VESSELS,  BY  CLASS  AND  OCCUPATION:   1916  AND  1906. 


CLASS  AND  OCCUPATION. 


Total. 


Steam' 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels . 

Ferryboats 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Sail' 


Freight  and  passenger. 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Unrigged . 


NUMBER  OF  VESSELS. 


1916 


4,092 


2.123 
1,005 
642 
76 
293 
107 


296 

264 

29 

3 


1,673 


2,537 


1,066 

604 

313 

47 

66 


666 

547 

104 

15 


805 


Per  cent 

of 
increase.! 


61.3 


99.2 
66.4 
105.1 


-55.6 
-51.7 
-72.1 


107.8 


GROSS  TONNAGE. 


i.iR.'i.gei 


710,360 
611,021 
a5,60O 
51,480 
8,417 
3,842 


222,040 

220,929 

592 

519 


253,561 


1906 


977,687 


61S.107 

451,270 

24,151 

40.171 

1,065 

1,450 


30),  283 

302, 798 

1,459 

1,026 

1.54,297 


Per  cent 

of 
increase.  I 


21.3 


37.1 
35.4 
47.4 
28.2 
690.3 
165.0 


-27.3 
-27.0 
-59.4 
-49.4 


64.3 


VALtJE   OF  VESSELS. 


1916 


JI27,310,646 


105,987,697 
89,404.958 
6,866,3K4 
6,607,936 
2,139,937 
968,482 


13.259.6(il 

13,169.035 

71,125 

19,500 


8,063,288 


1906 


176,622,633 


60,440,145 

52.164,977 

3.. 3.53, 927 

4, 315,  .'■,22 

294,800 

310,919 


11.533,171 

11,275.586 

174.110 

83,475 


4,649,317 


Per  cent 

Of 
increase.! 


66.2 


75.4 
71.4 
104.7 
53.1 
625.9 
211.6 


15.0 

16.8 

-59.1 

-76.6 


'  A  minua  tficrn  (  — )  denotes  deereaj^e.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100. 

'  Includes  craft  jiropelled  by  machinery. 

'  Includes  13  schooner  barges  of  5,469  tons  in  1916  and  9  schooner  barges  of  9,077  tons  in  1900. 


Steam  vessels  show  a  large  mcrease,  99.2  j^er  cent, 
and  represent  over  one-half  of  the  total  number  of  all 
vessels  in  1916,  while  the  gross  tonnage  increased  37.1 
per  cent  and  the  value  75.4  per  cent,  these  two  items 
in  1916  representing  59.9  per  cent  and  83.3  per  cent 
of  the  respective  totals  for  the  Pacific  coast. 

Freight  and  passenger  steam  craft  increased  66.4  per 
cent  in  number,  35.4  per  cent  in  gross  tonnage,  and 
71.4  per  cent  m  value,  and  represented  in  1916  almost 
half  of  the  total  number  of  all  steam  vessels  and  over 
eight-tenths  of  the  tonnage  and  value  of  such  vessels. 

Steam  tugs  and  other  towing  vessels  increased  105.1 
per  cent  in  number,  47.4  per  cent  in  gross  tonnage, 
and  104.7  per  cent  in  value,  while  they  represented 
30.2  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  steam  craft  and 
about  one-twentieth  of  their  tonnage  and  about  one- 
sixteenth  of  their  value. 

Ferryboats  show  substantial  increases,  but  the  dif- 
ference in  their  proportion  of  the  total  steam  vessels 
is  not  so  great.  Yachts  and  miscellaneous  craft  were 
comparatively  unimportant  as  to  tonnage  and  value, 
although  they  show  large  increases. 


The  sail  vessels  showed  a  decrease  since  1906  in 
number  and  tonnage.  The  freight  vessels  of  the  sail- 
ing fleet  constituted  89.2  per  cent  of  the  total  num- 
ber of  sailing  craft,  and  99.5  per  cent  and  99.3  per 
cent,  respectively,  of  the  tonnage  and  value  of  such 
craft. 

The  unrigged  craft  of  the  Pacific  coast  included  all 
craft  engaged  m  the  transportation  of  freight  and  hav- 
ing no  motive  power,  such  as  barges,  scows,  lighters, 
pile  drivers,  dredges,  etc.  This  class  of  vessels  shows 
a  marked  development  during  the  10  years  covered  by 
the  table.  The  number  of  vessels  increased  868,  or 
107.8  per  cent,  the  tonnage  99,264  gross  tons,  or  64.3 
per  cent,  and  the  value  $3,413,971,  or  73.4  per  cent. 
During  the  decade  there  was  a  gain  in  the  Alaskan  un- 
rigged fleet  of  432  vessels,  resultmg  in  an  hicreased 
tomiage  of  12,730  gross  tons  and  an  increased  value  of 
$369,680.  In  1916  the  unrigged  craft  formed  40.9  per 
cent  of  the  total  number  of  vessels  of  all  classes  oper- 
ating on  the  Pacific  coast,  including  Alaska,  and  21.4 
per  cent  and  6.3  per  cent,  respectively,  of  their  tonnage 
and  value. 


PACIFIC  COAST  (INCLUDING  ALASKA). 


121 


The  following  statement  shows  the  number  of  sail- 
mg  vessels  on  the  Pacific  coast  in  1916  and  1906,  by 
type  or  rig : 


TYPE, 

NTIMBER  OF  VES- 
SELS. 

GROSS  TONNAGE. 

191G 

1906 

1916 

1906 

Total 

296 

666 

222.040 

305,2.S3 

Fore  and  aft  rigged: 

188 
19 
5 

21 

30 

30 

1 

1 

1 

443 

73 
13 

34 
49 
46 
3 
2 

3 

96,426 

402 

79 

38.293 

53,412 

32,540 

2.52 

496 

140 

140,156 

962 

199 

Square  rigged: 

60,681 

Bark 

65,  .546 

Barkentine    

33,904 

Brig 

1.101 

706 

28 

'  Includes  13  vessels  of  the  schooner  barge  typo  of  5,469  tons  in  1916  and  9  of  9,077 
tons  in  1906. 

The  figm"es  in  this  statement  show  a  decrease  m 
each  of  the  8  specified  types  of  sailing  vessels  from 
1906  to  1916,  both  m  number  and  tonnage.  The 
totals  for  all  classes  combmed  decreased  370,  or  55.6 
per  cent,  in  number,  and  83,243,  or  27.3  per  cent,  in 
tonnage. 

RAILWAY    SHIPPING. 

Table  5  shows  the  craft  operated  in  connection  with 
steam  railroads  for  1916  and  1906. 

Table  5. — Craft  Operated  in  Connection  with  Steam  Rail- 
roads: 1916  '  and  1906. 


Total. 

Steam.' 

Unrigged. 

Number  of  vessels; 

1916 

70 
88 

5S,9,-i9 
51,419 

SC. 550, 574 
$4,492,603 

755 
788 

$903,330 
$744,070 

40,774,965 
35,996,163 

44 
38 

45,048 
38,188 

$6,150,019 
$4,259,328 

705 
733 

$863,. 534 
$696,223 

40,774.965 
35,996.163 

26 

1906        

50 

Gross  tonnage: 

1916       

13  891 

1906 

13,231 

Value  of  vessels: 

1916 

$400, 555 

1906       

$233,335 
50 

Number  employed  on  vessels: 

1906 

65 

Wages: 

1916 

$39, 796 

1906   

$47, 847 

Number  of  passengers  carried: 

1916 

1906     

1  Includes  one  electrified  railroad.     '  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

There  were  28  ferryboats    and    16    towing   vessels 
comprising  the  steam  part  of  the  fleet  in  1916,  chiefly 


employed  in  San  Francisco  Ba}'.  The  number  of 
passengers  carried  by  these  railroad  ferries  repre- 
sented 73.6  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  passen- 
gers reported  by  all  vessels  on  the  Pacific  coast  in  1916 
and  81.5  per  cent  in  1906.  The  unrigged  craft 
belonging  to  this  fleet  shows  a  decrease  in  number 
from  the  cen.sus  of  1906,  as  small  boats  have  been 
supplemented  by  a  few  larger  ones  of  greater  tonnage 
with  a  considerably  greater  average  value. 

GOVERNMENT   VESSELS. 

Table  8  presents  statistics  for  vessels  owned  and 
operated  by  states  and  municipalities  on  the  Pacific 
coast  for  1916  and  1906. 


Table  6. 


-Vessels  Owned  and  Operated  by  State  and  City 
Governments:  1916  and  1906. 


Total. 

St«im.' 

Sail. 

Un- 
rigged. 

Number  of  vessels: 
1916 

48 
31 

9,804 
3,988 

$1,945,276 
$688,728 

$481,026 
$184,747 

427 
199 

$429,525 
$160,636 

2.652,830 
1,156,000 

29 
10 

5.S09 
1,463 

$1,029,727 
$269,000 

$222,965 
$2,000 

231 
62 

$263,576 
$62,106 

2,599,091 
1,156,000 

19 

1906 

1 

20 

Gross  tonnage: 

1916 

3,995 

1906.             

54 

2,471 

Value  of  vessels: 

1916 

$915,549 

1906 

$4,000 

$415,728 

Gross  income: 
1916 

$258,061 

1906 

$182,747 

Number  employed  on  vessels: 
1916       ; 

196 

1906 

4 

133 

Wages: 

1916 

$165,949 

1906 ..      .   . 

$190 

$98,340 
53,739 

Number  of  passengers  carried: 

1916 

1906 

'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

Various  classes  of  vessels  are  represented  under  this 
form  of  owncrsliip,  such  as  ferries,  fire  boats,  police 
boats,  patrol  boats,  dredges,  pile  drivers,  etc.  The 
fleet  includes  four  boats  owned  and  operated  as  a  free 
ferry  by  the  city  of  Portland,  Oreg.,  also  four  boats 
owned  and  operated  as  a  free  ferry  by  Coos  Count}', 
Oreg.  Nearly  one-half  of  the  total  nimiber  of  passen- 
gers carried  by  vessels  operated  by  states  and  munici- 
palities were  credited  to  these  eight  boats. 

FERRYBOATS. 

Table  7  presents  the  statistics  of  ferryboats  for  the 
Pacific  coast  and  the  United  States  for  1916  and  1906. 


Table  7.— FERRYBOATS:  1916  AND  1906. 


Census 
year. 

Number 
of 

vessels. 

Gross  ton- 
nage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

GROSS  INCOME. 

Number 

employed 

on 

vessels. 

Wages. 

• 
Number  ol 

Total. 

Passengers. 

AU  Other 
sources. 

passengers 
carried. 

United  States 

1916 
1906 

oil 
536 

14.0 

76 
47 

224,328 
281, 073 

-14.1 

51,480 
40,171 

28.2 

22.9 
15.4 

$23,227,174 
29,578,380 

-2L5 

6,607,936 
4,315,522 

53.1 

28.4 

14.6 

$15,414,079 
17,291,073 

-10.9 

3,259,556 
4,208,430 

-22.5 

21.1 
24.3 

$10,223,408 
10,414,106 

-1.8 

2,216,001 
2,037,580 

8.8 

21.7 

19.6 

$5,191,571 
6,876,967 

-24.5 

1,043,555 
2,170,850 

-51.9 

20.1 
31.6 

4,282 
4,519 

-5.2 

S25 
759 

S.7 

19.3 

16.8 

$3,947,836 
3,537,180 

11.6 

964,080 
703,777 

36.0 

24.4 

20.0 

292.177,374 
330,737,639 

1L7 

Pacific  coast . 

1916 
1906 

48,280,569 
39,532,354 

22.1 

Per  cent  of  increase ' 

1916 
1906 

■ 

12.4 
8.8 

16  5 

12.0 

'  \  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100. 


122 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


The  percentages  of  increase  for  the  PaciCc  coast 
were  in  excess  of  those  for  the  United  States  as  a 
whole,  with  the  exception  of  the  total  income  and  that 
reported  from  "All  other  som-ces,"  for  which  items  de- 
creases are  showii  for  both  sections.  In  fact,  except  for 
number  of  vessels  and  wages,  all  items  for  feiryboats 
in  the  United  States  as  a  whole  show  decreases  in  1916 
as  compared  with  1906.  A  comparison  for  1916  of  the 
statistics  for  the  Pacific  coast  with  similar  items  for 
the  whole  country  shows  the  proportions  that  the 
Pacific  coast  forms  of  the  United  States  to  be  about  as 
follows:  Number  of  vessels,  one-eighth;  tonnage,  one- 
fifth;  valuation,  one-fourth;  gross  income,  one-fiith; 
number  of  employees,  one-fifth;  and  number  of  pas- 
sengers, one-sixth.  The  exact  percentages  are  con- 
tained in  Table  7. 

FISHING    CRAFT. 

Table  8  presents  statistics  of  the  fishing  fleet  of  the 
Pacific  coast  for  boats  of  5  tons  and  over  net  register 
for  1916. 

A  large  number  of  the  boats  engaged  Ln  fishing  are 
under  5  tons,  and  are  not,  therefore,  included;  conse- 
quently this  table  presents  an  approximation  of  the 


magnitude  of  the  fishing  industry  in  the  Pacific  and 
Alaskan  waters. 

T.1.BLE  8. — Fishing  Vessels:  1916. 


Total. 

Steam. 

Motor. 

Sail. 

Per  cent 
motors 
are  of 
total. 

870 

29,342 

$.5,214,278 

H,  81 4, 991 

4,890 
$2,428,822 

72 

7,  .503 

$1,107,600 

$1,212,872 

601 
$409,208 

778 

17,798 

$3,946,818 

$3,258,550 

3.877 
$1,803,773 

20 

4,041 
$1.-0,  srfl 
$343,509 

412 
$315,811 

89.4 

Gro^  tODnapc 

60  7 

Value  of  vei>.sels 

75.7 
67.7 

Number  employed  on 
vos.seis ." 

79.3 
74.3 

Of  the  870  vessels  reported,  778  were  gasoline  or 
motor,  72  steam,  and  20  saOing  vessels.  The  average 
gross  tonnage  for  each  class  was:  Motor  23,  steam 
104,  and  sail  202.  The  extent  to  which  motor  boats 
are  used  in  the  fishing  industry  is  evidenced  by  the 
large  relative  proportions  which  are  shown  for  such 
craft.  But  few  of  this  fleet  are  used  for  any  other 
purpose  and  after  the  fishmg  season  they  are  berthed 
for  the  year. 

OWNERSHIP    OF    VESSELS. 

Table  9  presents  statistics,  by  character  of  owner- 
ship, for  steam  and  sail  vessels  for  1916,  1906,  and 
1889. 


Table  9.— OWNERSHIP  OF  STEAM  AND  SAIL  \T^SSELS:  1916,  1906,  AND  1S89. 


^•UMBER  OF  ■J'ESSEL.S. 

GROSS  TONNAGE. 

VALUE   OF  VESSELS. 

1918 

1906 

1SS9 

191G 

1906 

lgS9 

1916 

1906 

1889 

Total 

2,419 

1,732 

1,146 

932,400 

823,390 

3.55,801 

$119,247,3.58 

$71,973,316 

$20,998,695 

Steam>  and  sail: 

1.299 
1.120 

796 
936 

281 
865 

836,039 
96,3«1 

637,571 
185,819 

164,398 
191,403 

108,159,859 
11,087,499 

61,426,691 
10,546,025 

12,313,110 

All  other  forms  of  "ownership 

8,fia5,5S5 

2,123 

1,144 

979 

296 
1.5.5 
141 

1,066 
609 
457 

666 
1S7 
479 

465 
221 
244 

681 

60 

621 

710.360 

661,253 

49,107 

222,040 
174,7.86 
47,2&i 

518, 107 
477.815 
40,292 

305,283 
1.59,7,56 
145,527 

160,293 
127, 498 
32,795 

195,508 
36.900 
158,608 

105,987,697 
97,412,223 
8,575,474 

13,259,661 
10,747,P36 
2,512,025 

60,440,145 
55.  .560,48.5 
4,879,660 

11, .533, 171 
5, 866, 206 
5,666,965 

14,767,355 

ll,.5-.5.6a5 

3,191,750 

Sail 

6,231,340 

737,  505 

5,493,835 

PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL. 

Total 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

Steami  and  sail: 

53.7 
46.3 

46.0 
54.0 

24,5 
75.5 

89.7 
10.3 

77.4 
22.6 

46.2 
5.3.8 

90.7 
9.3 

85.3 

14.7 

58.6 

41.4 

lon.o 

53.9 
46.1 

100.0 
52.  4 
47.6 

100.0 
57.1 
42.9 

100.0 
2S.1 
71.9 

lOO.O 
47.5 
52.5 

100.0 
8.8 
91.2 

100.0 

93.1 

6.9 

100.0 

78.7 
21.3 

100.0 
92.2 
7.8 

100.0 
52.3 
47.7 

100.0 
79.5 
20.5 

100.0 
18.9 
81,1 

100.0 

91.9 

8.1 

100.0 
81.1 
18.9 

100.0 
91.9 
8.1 

100.0 
50.9 
49.1 

100.0 

78.4 

21.6 

Sail                                     

100.0 

11.8 

88.2 

'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


PACIFIC  COAST  (INCLUDING  ALASKA). 


123 


Tlie  continued  growth  and  increasmg  importance  of 
corporate  ownership  are  e^'ident  from  the  comparative 
data  presented  in  Table  9.  In  1889  only  one-fourth 
of  the  number  of  vessels  and  craft  reported  were  under 
corporate  ownership,  in  1906  the  number  was  nearly 
one-half,  but  in  1916  the  number  was  slightly  over 
one-half.  The  gross  tonnage  for  corporate  o\\'nership 
was  less  than  one-half  the  total  in  1889  and  almost 
nine-tenths  in  1910,  while  the  value,  nearly  six- tenths 
in  1889,  was  nine-tenths  in  191G. 

Corporate  o\\'nership  of  the  steam  fleet  which  repre- 
sented 47.5  per  cent  of  the  number  of  vessels  in  1889 
increased  to  53.9  per  cent  in  1916;  the  tonnage  of  this 


class  increased  from  79.5  per  cent  of  the  total  tonnage 
in  1889  to  93.1  per  cent  in  1910,  and  the  value  from 
78.4  per  cent  of  the  total  in  1889  to  91.9  per  cent  in 
1916. 

The  number  of  sailing  vessels  greatly  predominated 
in  "aU  other  forms  of  owTiership"  in  1SS9  and  in 
1906,  but  in  1916  only  47.6  per  cent  were  under  this 
class  of  ownership.  The  tonnage  and  value,  over- 
whelmingly vmder  such  o^^mership  in  1889,  were  almost 
as  greatly  under  corporate  ownership  in  191G. 

Table  10  shows,  by  character  of  ownership,  the 
number,  toimage,  and  value  of  steam,  sail,  and  un- 
rigged vessels  for  1910  and  1906. 


Table  10.- 


-NUMBER,  GROSS  TONNAGE,  AND  VALUE  OP  VESSELS,  BY  CLASS  AND  BY  CHARACTER  OF  OWNERSHIP, 
WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE:  1916  AND  1906. 


CLASS  AXD  OVraEESHIP. 


Kumber. 


1916 


1906 


Per  cent 

of 
increase,  i 


1916 


1906 


Per  cent 

of 
increase.  1 


VALUE  OF  VESSELS. 


1916 


1906 


Per  cent 

of 
increase.! 


Total 

Individual 

Firm 

Incorporated  company 
Another 

Steam' 

Individual 

Firm 

Incorporated  company 

Another 

Sail 

Individual 

Firm 

Incorporated  company 

AU  other 

Unrigged 

lndi\'idual 

Firm 

Incorporated  company 

Another ! 


4,092 


2,537 


61.3 


1,185,961 


977,687 


21.3 


$127, 310,  M6 


$76,622,633 


66.2 


1,069 

307 

2,653 

63 


275 

1,401 

62 


32.6 
11.6 
89.0 


72,626 

30,601 

l,06i,590 

17,144 


119,  .565 
73,131 

770,404 
14, 587 


-39.3 

-58.2 
38.3 
17.5 


7,413,1.52 

3,ni2,3<>0 

114.S?9,0:S 

2,346,076 


12.6 
-18.1 


108.7 


2,123 
794 
153 

1,144 
32 

296 
105 

25 
155 

11 

1,673 
170 
129 

1,3.54 
20 


1,066 

320 

121 

609 

18 

99.2 
148.1 

26.4 
87.8 

666 

368 

99 

-.5.5.  6 
-71.3 

187 
14 

-17.1 

805 
120 
55 

107.8 
41.7 

eos 

22 

122.7 

710,360 
29, 0S6 
14.1.54 

661,2.33 
5,867 

222,040 
31,748 

8,494 
174, 7S6 

7,012 

253,561 
11,792 

7,953 
229.  .551 

4,265 


518,107 
23,015 
14,0!vt 

477.  S15 
3,193 

305,283 
8%  227 
51,721 

159,756 
8,579 

154,297 
11,353 

7.3:6 
132. S33 

2,815 


37.1 
26.4 
0.5 
38.4 
83.7 

-27.3 
-62.7 
-83.6 
9.4 
-18.3 

64.3 

4.1 

8.6 

72.8 

51.  S 


105,987,697 

5,402.817 

2,138,130 

97,412,223 

1,034,527 

13,259,661 
1,7.53.  .525 

S-^^.-tOO 
10,747.636 

370,000 

8,063,283 

256.  SIO 

4S.5, 760 

6,379.169 

941,549 


60,440.145 
2,912,260 
1,-599, 400 

53,560,485 
368,000 

11,533,171 
3,455,600 
1,934,51)5 
5,866,:(16 
276,800 

4,649,317 
217,405 
144,360 

3,808,324 
479,228 


75.4 
85. 3 
33.7 
75.3 
181.1 

15.0 
-49.3 
-79.9 
83.2 
33.7 

73.4 

18.1 

236.5 

67.5 

96.5 


'  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100. 


*  Includes  craft  propeUed  by  machinery. 


Of  the  4,092  vessels  reported  in  1916  for  the  Pacific 
coast,  corporations  controlled  over  three-fifths  of  the 
number  and  nearly  nine-tenths  of  the  tonnage  and 
value.  Individual  o\vnership  ranked  second,  while 
the  proportions  credited  to  firms  and  "all  other" 
forms  were  unimportant.  Steam  vessels  have  in- 
creased their  relative  proportions  of  number,  tormage, 
^nd  value  since  1906  whde,  on  the  other  hand,  sail 
vessels  not  only  show  relative  decreases  in  all  three 
respects  but  also  show  actual  decreases.  The  unrigged 
craft  increased  both  actually  and  relatively. 

XUMBEK    AND    TONNAGE    OF    VESSELS. 

Table  11,  on  page  124,  shows  steam,  sail,  and  un- 
rigged vessels,  grouped  according  to  gross  tonnage 
for  1916  and  1900. 

In  1916,  of  the  total  number  of  vessels,  3,810,  or 
93.1  per  cent,  were  less  than  1,000  gross  tons  each. 
The  actual  tonnage  represented  by  this  number  was 
489,142,  or  41.2  per  cent  of  the  total  tonnage.     The 


vessels  of  1,000  tons  and  over  numbered  only  282,  or 
6.9  per  cent,  but  this  number  represented  696,819 
tons,  or  58.8  per  cent  of  the  total  tonnage  reported 
for  the  Pacific  coast.  The  largest  tonnage  for  1916 
for  any  single  group  is  in  that  of  1,000  to  2,499  tons, 
•with  a  total  of  200  vessels  and  310,739  tons,  the 
largest  proportion  of  the  toimage  for  this  group  being 
for  steam  vessels.  There  were  34  vessels  of  over  5,000 
tons  each,  all  steam,  representing  a  total  of  224,320 
tons,  or  18.9  per  cent  of  the  tonnage  of  all  vessels. 
The  greater  proportion  of  the  unrigged  craft  were  un- 
der 300  tons,  only  14.8  per  cent  of  the  total  nimiber 
being  of  larger  tonnage.  The  greater  proportion  (60.5 
per  cent)  of  sail  vessels  were  over  500  tons,  the  ton- 
nage being  206,239,   or  92.9   per  cent  of  the  total. 

CONSTBUCTION    AND    VALUATION. 

Table  12,  on  page  124,  shows  the  nuinber,  toimage, 
and  value  of  vessels,  by  occupation  and  character  of 
construction,  for  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


124 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 

Table  11.— VESSELS  GROUPED  ACCORDING  TO  GROSS  TONNAGE:  1916  AND  1906. 


TOTAL. 

STEAM  .1 

SAIL. 

UNWOOED. 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1006 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

Total: 

4.092 
1,185,961 

2,  .537 
977,687 

2,123 

710,300 

1,066 
518,107 

296 
222,040 

666 
305,283 

1,673 

253,561 

805 

1.54,297 

5  to  49  tons: 

2,207 
42,234 

428 
30,470 

413 

56,372 

197 
47,780 

106 
35,736 

176 
76,247 

284 
200,303 

200 
310, 739 

48 
161,760 

34 

224,320 

976 
18,809 

320 
22,546 

283 
40,050 

1.55 
37,691 

lis 

40,612 

98 
44,079 

361 
243,497 

177 
271,106 

34 
109,680 

15 
149,657 

1,373 
23,800 

181 
13,500 

103 
16,123 

71 
17,553 

51 
17,343 

45 
19,989 

133 
96,142 

93 
148,902 

39 
133,682 

34 
224,320 

4,59 
7,400 

104 
7,862 

116 
17,459 

62 
15,121 

60 
20,512 

50 
22,324 

105 
71,257 

62 
99, 677 

33 

106,838 

15 
149,657 

56 
1,339 

24 
1,621 

5 
713 

7 
1,855 

11 

3,788 

14 
6,485 

98 
66,850 

73 
114,341 

8 
25,048 

257 
6,151 

62 

3,751 

18 
2,662 

24 

6,298 

30 
10,429 

30 
13,804 

1,56 
108,095 

98 
151,251 

1 
2,842 

778 
17,089 

223 
15,349 

305 
40,630 

119 
28,372 

44 
14,605 

116 
49,773 

.53 
37,311 

34 
47,496 

1 
3,030 

260 

5,258 

50  to 'J9  tons: 

164 

10,933 

100  to  199  tons: 

149 

19,929 

200to  299  tons: 

Number  of  vessels                .                     

09 

16,172 

300  to  399  tons: 

^ 

9,671 

400  to  499  tons: 

Number  of  vessels                       

18 

7,961 

500  to  999  tons: 

100 

(ifoss  tonnage 

64,145 

N  umber  of  vessels          

17 

20,238 

2,500 to  4. 999 tons: 

G  ross  tonnage 

»  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

Table  12.— NinviBER,  GROSS  TONNAGE,  AND  VALUE  OF  VESSELS,  BY  CLASS  AND  OCCUPATION  AND  BY  CHARACTER 

OF  CONSTRUCTION:  1916,  1906,  AND  1889. 


CLAS3  AUn  OCCUPATION. 


Aggregate. 


Steam  >.. 


Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels 
Ferryboats 


Yachts. 


miscellaneous. . 


SaU. 


Freight  and  passenger. 


Yachts. 


Miscellaneous.. 


Census 
year. 


Unrigged'.. 


1916 
!!)(» 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
UI06 
1889 

1916 
190« 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1S89 

1915 
lilflO 
1889 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1'J06 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1918 

1906 
1889 

1016 
IVOO 
1SS9 


1016 
i;)06 
1889 


Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 


4,092 
2,537 
1,035 


2,123 

1,066 

465 


1,005 
604 
354 

642 
313 

70 

76 
47 
38 

293 

66 

3 

107 
36 

296 
6l>6 
6S1 


2i'4 
647 
647 

29 
104 
25 

3 

15 
9 


1,673 
805 
489 


Gross 
toimage. 


1,185,961 
977,087 
419,  137 


8127,310,646 
76, 622, 633 
21,824,040 


710,300 
818, 107 
160, 293 


611,021 
451,270 
129,491 

35,600 
24,151 
6,109 

51,480 
40,171 
24,630 

8,417 

1,065 

63 

3,842 
1,450 

222,040 

305, 283 
195,  .'.OS 


220, 929 
302, 70S 
194,478 

502 
1, 4:.9 


5!9 

l,0i6 

418 


233,561 
134,  207 
63, 356 


Value  of 

vessels. 


105,987,697 
60,440,145 
14,767,355 


89,404,958 
62, 164, 977 
12,660,755 

6,866,384 
3,3.-.3,027 
1,120,800 

6,607,936 

4,315,522 

979,300 

2, 139, 937 

294,800 

6,500 

908, 482 
310, 919 

13, 259, 661 
11,533,171 
6,231,340 


13, 169, 036 
11,275,586 
6,112,340 

71,123 
174,110 


Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 


i 
19  .500 

83,475 

49,700   ' 

8,063,288 

4,049,317 

825,345 

242 
130 
23 


186 
105 
22 


146 
86 
17 

21 
14 

4 

9 
2 
1 

7 
1 


22 


Gross 
tonnage. 


660,486 

354, 134 

48, 121 


407, 830 

318,995 

47, 124 


445,029 
313,217 
46,140 

4,565 

2,482 

669 

14,036 

2,964 

416 

3,685 
102 


615 
230 

70,645 
31,848 

907 


70, 645 
31,848 

907 


22,011 
3,2J1 


Value  o( 
vessels. 


$85, 982,  ,587 

41,375,742 

6,613,006 


76,62.8,858 

39, 702,  .536 

6,573,065 


70,721,909 
38,5.53,013 
6,398,005 

2,087,664 
623, 104 
135,000 

2,341,001 
450,000 
40,000 

1,184,000 
17,000 


294, 104 
59,329 

7,808,000 

1,W2,2(16 

40,000 


7,898,000 

1,642,206 

40,000 


1,455,729 
31,000 


Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 


3,846 
2,404 
1,010 


1,934 
959 
442 


837 
617 
336 

621 
299 
66 

66 
44 
37 

286 
65 
3 

104 
34 

261 
645 
679 


230 
627 
645 

28 
104 
25 

3 
14 
9 


1,651 

800 
489 


Gross 
tonnage. 


624, 064 
622, 006 
360, 738 


241,205 
198, 279 
112,080 


165,407 
137, 634 
82,262 

31,035 
21,0|-,9 
6,540 

36,644 
30, 703 
24,215 

4,732 
903 
03 

3,327 
1,220 

151,309 
273, 321 


150, 284 
270, 950 
193, 272 

606 

1,459 

612 

619 
912 
418 


231,550 
151,006 
63, 336 


Value  of 
vessels. 


J41, 142,417 

35,108,891 
16,100,976 


29, 183, 107 

20,664,609 

8,094,290 


18,605,254 
13,561,964 
6,162,690 

4,778,720 

2,730,733 

985,800 

4,168,998 

3,842,522 

939,300 

955,937 

277,800 

6,500 

674, 288 
251,690 

5,361,661 
9,883,965 
6,181,340 


6,271,0.36 
9,033,380 
6,062,340 

61,125 
174,110 
69, 300 

19,500 
78,475 
49,700 


6,607,659 

4,618,317 

825,345 


COMPOSITE. 


Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 


Gross 
ton- 
nage. 


1,411 

947 

1,208 


1,325 

&33 

1,089 


525 

419 

1,089 


800 
414 


86 
114 
209 


209 


Value  of 
vessels. 


J1&5, 642 
78,000 
110,000 


175,642 
73,000 
100,000 


77,705 
60,000 
100,000 


97,937 
23,000 


10,000 
6,  WIO 
10,000 


10,000 
10,000 


I 


5,000 


I  Inr-ludos  craft  propelled  hv  ma'^hinory. 

a  Tiio  character  of  coiiitr action  was  not  reported  in  1SS9,  but  for  purposes  of  comparison  in  tliis  table  all  vessels  are  assumed  to  be  of  wood. 


PACIFIC  COAST  (INCLUDING  ALASKA). 


125 


Diagram  4.— Gross  Tonnage  op  Vessels  by  Class  and  Char- 
acter OF  Construction:  1916,  190G,  and  1889. 


Diagram  S.^Value  of  Vessels  by  Class  and  Chabactek  of 
Construction:  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


19  oe  DOLLAR* 

VALUE  C   VESSEL* 
COMPOSITE ^ 


At  each  census  the  largest  number  and  tonnage 
was  reported  for  wooden  vessels,  although  the  propor- 
tion for  tonnage  was  smaller  at  each  census.  The 
value  of  metal  vessels,  however,  which  was  less  than 
one-half  that  of  wooden  vessels  in  1889,  had  assumed 
the  leading  position  in  1906,  and  in  191 G  amounted 
to  more  than  double  the  value  of  wooden  vessels. 
Freight  and  passenger  vessels  represent  most  of  this 
increase  in  the  value  of  metal  vessels,  this  class  report- 
ing 61.8  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  all  vessels  on 
the  Pacific  coast  in  1916,  as  compared  with  52.5  per 
cent  in  1906,  and  29.5  per  cent  in  18S9.  These  vessels 
have  mcreased  69.8  per  cent  in  number  since  1906, 
49.4  per  cent  in  tonnage,  and  95.6  per  cent  in  value. 

Freight  and  passenger  vessels  of  wooden  construc- 
tion have  not  sho^^•n  as  great  a  growth  in  tonnage  and 
value  since  1906  as  from  1889  to  1906.  Their  value 
in  1916,  steam  and  sail,  was  $23,876,290,  or  18.8  per 
cent  of  the  value  of  all  A-essels,  as  compared  with 


$2.3,195,344,  or  30.3  per  cent,  in  1906  and  $12,225,030, 
or  56  per  cent,  in  1889. 

Ferryboats  increased  53.1  per  cent  in  value  from 
1906  to  1916,  their  value  in  1916,  $6,607,936,  being 
5.2  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  vessels  on  the  Pacific 
coast  as  compared  with  $4,315,522,  or  5.6  per  cent, 
in  1906,  and  $979,300,  or  4.5  per  cent,  in  1889.  Wood 
still  predominates  as  material  for  construction  of 
these  boats,  66  vessels  of  36,644  tons  being  of  wooden 
construction  in  1916,  representing  86.8  per  cent  of  the 
number  and  71.2  per  cent  of  the  total  tonnage  of  ves- 
sels of  this  class. 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels  also  were  mostly  of 
wooden  construction  at  all  three  censuses,  only  21 
vessels  of  4,565  tons  being  reported  of  metal  construc- 
tion in  1916  out  of  a  total  of  642  vessels  of  35,600  tons. 

Unrigged  craft  were  also  largely  of  wooden  con- 
struction. In  1916  the  vessels  of  metal  construction 
formed  but  1.3  per  cent  of  all  unrigged  craft,  8.7  per 
cent  of  the  total  tonnage,  and  18.1  per  cent  of  the 
total  value.  Seventeen  large  metal  barges,  used 
largely  for  the  movement  of  petroleum,  were  added 
to  the  fleet  durmg  the  decade  1906-1916. 

Table  13  shows  the  number,  tonnage,  and  value  of 
steam,  sail,  and  unrigged  vessels,  by  character  of  con- 
struction, for  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 

At  the  census  of  1916,  as  compared  with  that  of 
1906,  the  actual  increase  in  number  of  vessels  of  metal 
construction  was  but  112,  while  the  gain  in  wooden 
vessels  was  1,442,  the  percentage  of  gain  being  86.2 
and  60  per  cent,  respectively.  The  increase  in  ton- 
nage for  the  same  period  was  206,352  tons,  or  58.3 
per  cent,  for  vessels  of  metal  construction  and  1,458 
tons,  or  two-tenths  of  1  per  cent,  for  those  of 
wooden  construction.  The  steam  vessels  show  in- 
creases for  both  metal  and  wood  in  number,  in  ton- 
nage, and  in  value;  in  fact,  most  of  the  gain  is  shown 
in  this  class.  From  1906  to  1916  the  sail  vessels  of 
metal  construction  show  increases  in  nmnber,  ton- 
nage, and  value,  while  decreases  in  all  three  respects 
are  shown  for  those  of  wood. 

In  total  value,  metal  construction  of  all  types  showed 
a  gain  of  $44,606,845,  or  107.8  per  cent,  from  1906 
to  1916,  while  for  wood  the  gain  was  only  $5,973,526, 
or  17  per  cent.  In  1889  there  were  but  22  steam 
vessels  and  1  sailing  craft  of  metal  construction  on 
the  Pacific  coast,  while  in  1916  there  were  186  steam- 
ers and  34  sailing  vessels  of  this  construction.  The 
steamers  represented  about  two-fifths  and  the  sailing 
vessels  about  one-sixteenth  of  the  total  tonnage  on 
the  Pacific  coast  in  1916.  The  total  tonnage  of  all 
the  metal  craft  represented  nearly  one-half  of  the  total 
tonnage  reported  for  the  Pacific  coast  in  1916. 

Table  14,  on  page  126,  shows  the  average  tonnage, 
value  per  ton  and  per  vessel,  by  character  of  construc- 
tion and  occupation,  for  1916,  1906,  and  18S9. 


126 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  13 NUMBER.  GROSS  TONNAGE,  AND  VALUE  OF  VESSELS,  BY  CLASS  AND  BY  CHARACTER  OF  CONSTRUCTION, 

WITH  PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL  AND  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE:  1916,  1900,  AND  1889. 


Census 
year. 

Aggregate. 

1 
TdTAI.. 

STF.AM.l 

SAIL. 

UNRIGGED.' 

Metal. 

Wood. 

Com- 
posite. 

Metal. 

Wood. 

Com- 
posite. 

Metal. 

Wood. 

Com- 
posite. 

Metal. 

Wood. 

Number  of  vessels 

1016 
1908 

18,89 

1916 

1906 

1889 
1006-1916 
1889-1916 

1916 

1006 

1.889 

1916 

1906 

1.SS9 
1906-1916 
1SS9  1916 

1016 

1906 

1S.89 

1916 

1906 

18S9 
1906-1916 
1889-1916 

4,002 
2,. 537 
l.fi.)5 
100.0 
100.0 
lOO.O 
61.3 
150.3 

1,1.85,961 
977,6,S7 
419, 157 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
21.3 
182.9 

$127,310,646 
S76,«22,G.B 
$21,824,040 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
66.2 
483.4 

212 
1:^0 
23 
5,9 
5.1 
1.4 
86.2 

3,St6 
2,404 
1,610 
91.0 
91,8 
98,5 
6fl  0 
138.9 

624,064 

022.f.r-6 

369, 7:i8 

52.6 

6:i.7 

8S  2 

0.2 

68.  S 

.Ml,  142,  417 

$3.5, 168,  .891 

315,100,S75 

32.3 

4.5.9 

69.2 

17.0 

172.4 

4 

3 

2 

0.1 

0.1 

0.1 

105 
22 
8-8 
9.8 
4.7 
77.1 

1,9.34 

9,59 

442 

91.1 

90.0 

9.5.1 

101.7 

337.6 

241,205 
198,279 
112,0.80 
34.0 
38.3 
69.9 
21.6 
115.2 

''29,183,197 

32(1,664,609 

$8,094,220 

27.5 

34.2 

M.8 

41.2 

260.5 

3 

? 

0.1 
0.2 
0.2 

34 

20 

1 

11.5 

3.0 

0.1 

261 
645 
679 
8.8.2 
96.8 
99.7 
-.59.  5 
-61.6 

151,309 
273,321 

194,. W2 

68.1 

89.5 

99.4 

-44.6 

-22.1 

S5,.T51,661 

59,885,965 

$6, 181,. MO 

40.4 

85.7 

99.2 

-4.5. 9 

-13.4 

1 

1 

1 

0.3 

0.2 

0.1 

22 
5 

1,651 
800 
489 

Percent  of  total 

1.3 
0.6 

98.7 
99.4 
100.0 

106  4 

237  6 

560, 4,86 

3W,  1  ;4 

48,121 

47.3 

36.2 

11.5 

68,3 

l,0frl.7 

?S.5,982,.':S7 

«4l,375,742 

$0,613,065 

07.5 

54.0 

30.3 

107.8 

1,200.2 

1,411 

947 
1,2,' 8 
0.1 
0.1 
0.3 
49,0 
8.7 

S1S.-1, 642 

878,000 

$110,000 

0.1 

0.1 

0.5 

13S.  0 

6S.S 

467,830 
318,935 
47, 124 
65.8 
61.6 
29.4 
46.6 
892.8 

«76,62S,85S 

S^iO,  702,. 5:56 

$6,573,065 

72.3 

6.5.7 

41.5 

83.0 

1,065.8 

1,325 

8i3 
1,0,S9 
0.2 
0.2 
0.7 
69.1 
21.7 

$175,612 

S7:!.000 

$100,000 

0.2 

0.1 

0.7 

140.6 

75.  6 

70.645 

31,818 

997 

31.8 

10.4 

0.5 

121.8 

6, 9S.J.  8 

?7, 898, 000 

*1, 042, 206 

$-10,000 

59.6 

1!,2 

0,6 

;i8fl.9 

86 
114 

209 
(*) 

(') 
0.1 
-21.6 
-58.9 

$10,000 

$.5,0(10 

$10,000 

0.1 

(<) 

0.2 
100.0 

22,011 
3, 291 

231  550 

151,006 
63  356 

Percent  of  total — 

8.7 
2.1 

91.3 
97.9 
100  0 

Per  cent  of  increase' 

508.8 

,5.3.3 
265.5 

Value  of  ve.<K!cls 

$1,4.55,729 
$:il,000 

«fi,  607,  .5,59 

$4,618,317 

$825,345 

Percent  of  total 

18,1 
0.7 

81.9 
99.3 
100.0 

Pcrcontofincrcasc' 

4,595.9 

43.1 
700.0 

•  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

2  Tile  cliaracter  of  construction  of  unrigL'cd  craft  was  not  reported  in  1889,  but  for  purposes  of  comparison  in  tliis  table  all  were  assumed  to  be  of  wood. 

8  A  minus  siim  (— )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  lOO. 

'  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


Table 


14.— AVER.'^GE  GROSS  TONNAGE  AND  VALUE  PER  VESSEL  AND  AATRAGI 

AND  1889. 


VALUE  PER  GROSS  TON:  1916, 1906, 


Census 
year. 

TOTAL. 

METAL. 

WOOD. 

COMPOSITE. 

CLASS  AND   OCCUPATION. 

Average 
tonnage 

per 
vesseL 

Average 

value 

per 

vessel. 

Average 

value 

per  ton. 

Average 
tonnage 

per 
vessel. 

Average 

valuo 

per 

vessel. 

Average 

value 

per  ton. 

.Vverage 
tormage 

per 
vessel. 

Average 

value 

per 

vessel. 

Average 

value 

pel  ton. 

.\verage 
tomiage 

per 
vessel. 

Average 

value 

per 

vessel. 

Average 

value 

per  ton. 

AcCTeeate 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1918 
1906 
1889 

1916 

1906 
18S9 

1916 

1906 
1889 

1916 

1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
18S9 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 

1906 
1889 

290 
385 
256 

$31,112 
30,202 
13,348 

$107 
78 
52 

2,316 
2,724 
2,092 

$355,300 
318, 275 
287,525 

$1.53 
117 
137 

162 
259 
230 

$10,697 
14,629 
9,379 

$66 
56 
41 

353 
316 
649 

$46,411 
26,000 
55,000 

$132 

82 
85 

Steam* 

335 
486 
345 

49,924 
66,698 
31, 758 

149 
117 
92 

2,515 
3,038 
2,142 

411,983 
378,119 
298,  776 

164 
124 
139 

125 
207 
254 

15,090 
21,548 
18,313 

121 

104 

72 

442 

417 

1,089 

58,547 
36,500 
100,000 

133 

88 
92 

Fr^lgh  t  and  passpnc^r 

608 
747 
366 

55 

77 
87 

677 
855 
648 

29 
16 
21 

36 
40 

750 
458 
287 

88,960 
86,366 
35,765 

10,695 
10,715 
16,011 

86,947 
91,820 
25,771 

7,304 
4,467 
2,167 

9,051 
8,637 

44,796 
17,317 
9,150 

146 
116 
98 

193 
139 
183 

128 

107 

40 

254 
277 
103 

252 
214 

60 

38 
32 

3,048 
3,6)2 
2,714 

217 
177 
142 

1,560 

1,482 

415 

526 
102 

484,397 
448,291 
376,357 

99,413 
44,514 
33,750 

260,111 

225,000 
40,000 

169, 143 
17,000 

159 
123 
139 

457 
251 
237 

167 
152 
96 

321 
167 

193 
266 
245 

50 
72 
84 

555 
836 
654 

17 
15 
21 

32 
36 

580 
424 
286 

21,710 
26,232 
18,341 

7,695 
9,133 
14,936 

63,167 
87, 330 
25,386 

3,342 
4,274 
2,167 

6,484 
7,400 

20,504 
15,327 
9,104 

112 
99 
75 

154 
126 
178 

114 

104 
39 

202 
288 
103 

203 
206 

35 
36 
32 

263 

419 
1,089 

38,8.53 
50,000 
100,000 

148 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels 

119 
92 

Ferryboats 



800 
414 

97,937 
23,000 

122 

56 

Yachts 

MisoeIlanAou.s 

172 
115 

2,078 

1,592 

997 

98,065 
29,665 

232,294 
82,110 
40,000 

571 
258 

112 
62 
40 

Sail 

86 
114 
209 

10,000 
6,000 
10,000 

116 

44 

48 

Froifht  and  pas.sAnp**r 

837 
554 
301 

20 
14 
24 

173 
68 
46 

152 
192 
130 

49,883 

20,614 

9,447 

2,453 
1,674 
2,772 

e,.5oo 

5,565 
5,522 

4,820 
6,776 
1,688 

60 
37 
31 

120 
119 
113 

38 
81 
119 

32 
30 
13 

2,078 

1,592 

997 

232,294 
82,110 
40,000 

112 
52 
40 

653 
614 
300 

18 
14 
24 

173 

65 
46 

140 
189 
130 

22,918 
18,280 
9,399 

2,183 
1,674 
2,772 

6,500 
6,605 
6,522 

4,002 
6,T73 
1,688 

35 
36 
31 

121 
119 
113 

38 
86 
119 

29 
31 

13 

Yachts 

209 
86 

10,000 

10,000 

48 
116 

114 

6,000 

44 

1,001 
658 

66,170 
6,200 

66 
9 

>  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machineiy. 


PACIFIC  COAST  (INCLUDING  ALASKA). 


127 


The  freight  and  passenger  class  and  the  unrigged 
craft,  which  together  represented  about  nine-tenths  of 
the  entire  tonnage  and  comprised  practically  all  of  the 
freight-carrj-ing  vessels  in  1916,  shoM'  decreases  since 
1906  in  the  average  tonnage  per  vessel  for  steam  and 
in  the  xmrigged  craft.  This  decrease  in  the  steam 
vessels  was  due  primarily  to  the  fact  that  several  large 
steamers  were  idle  during  1916.  From  1906  to  1916 
the  average  tonnage  for  freight  and  passenger  sailing 
vessels  increased  283  tons,  or  .51.1  per  cent,  this  in- 
crease being  due  largely  to  the  gain  in  those  of  metal 
construction.  The  average  value  of  the  freight  and 
passenger  vessels  increased  as  follows:  Steam,  S2,594, 
or  3  per  cent,  and  sail  -529,269,  or  142  per  cent,  while 
the  average  value  for  the  unrigged  vessels  decreased 
$956,  or  16.6  per  cent.  The  metal  freight  and  passen- 
ger vessels  propelled  b}-  steam  showed  the  largest  aver- 
age tonnage  and  also  the  largest  average  value  in  1916 
as  in  1906  and  1SS9.  Metal  sailing  vessels  of  this  class 
ranked  second  in  average  tonnage  and  third  in  aver- 
age value.  From  1906  to  1916  there  was  a  decrease  of 
59-1  tons,  or  16.3  per  cent,  in  the  average  tonnage  of 
metal  freight  and  passenger  steamers.  The  wooden 
vessels  of   this  class  showed  a  decrease  also,  as  did 


those  of  composite  construction.  During  the  same 
ten-year  period  the  metal  freight  and  passenger  sail 
vessels  made  an  average  gain  of  4^6  tons,  or  30.5  per 
cent.  Of  metal  built  vessels,  steam  yachts  showed  the 
most  marked  increase  since  1906,  the  gain  ia  average 
tonnage  being  424,  or  415.7  per  cent,  and  in  average 
value,  8152,143,  or  895  per  cent.  Ferryboats  as  a 
whole  decreased  from  1906  to  1916,  all  of  the  decrease 
being  in  those  of  wooden  construction.  Tugs  and 
other  towing  vessels  as  a  M-hole  also  showed  decreases 
exce])t  in  value  per  ton,  but  those  of  metal  construc- 
tion increased  40  tons,  or  22.6  per  cent,  in  average  size 
and  S54,S99,  or  123.3  per  cent,  in  average  value,  while 
those  of  wooden  construction  decreased. 

From  1906  to  1916  unrigged  craft  showed  decreases 
for  the  total  and  for  those  of  wooden  construction,  but 
for  craft  of  metal  construction  there  was  an  increase 
of  343  tons,  or  52.1  per  cent,  in  average  size,  and 
$59,970,  or  967.3  per  cent,  in  average  value. 

CHARACTER  OF  PROPULSION  AXD  HORSEPOWER. 

Table  15  shows  the  ntunber,  gross  tonnage,  and 
horsepower  of  vessels  propelled  by  machinery,  by 
character  of  propulsion,  for  1916  and  1906. 


Table  15.— NUMBER,  GROSS  TONNAGE,  AND  HORSEPOWER   OF  A'ESSELS,  BY  CHARAPTER  OF  PROPULSION  AND 
POWER,  WITH  AATRAGE  TONNAGE  AND  HORSEPOWER:  1916  AXD  1906. 


ITOMBER  OF  VESSELS. 

GROSS  TOXN.^GE, 

HOBSEPOWEE. 

AVERAGE 
TOJTN-AGE. 

AVERAGE 
HORSEPO-WEE. 

PKOPOT-SION  iSD  POTTEE. 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent 
of  in- 
crease.* 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent 
of  in- 
crease.' 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent 

ofin- 

crcase.i 

1916 

1906 

'    1916 

1906 

Total 

2,123 

1,066 

99.2 

710,360 

518,107 

37.1 

672,958 

445.717 

51  0 

3i5 

AQA 

317 

41S 

Rt*»ATn  .   ,    , 

726 
1,397 

725 
341 

0.1 
309.7 

669,911 
40,449 

511,607 
6,500 

30.9 
522.3 

605,868 
67,090 

435,020 
10,697 

39  3 
527.2 

923 

29 

706 
19 

834 
4S 

600 
31 

1,922 

542 

1,380 

153 
146 

7 

48 
38 
10 

837 
507 
330 

191 

184 

7 

38 

34 

4 

129.6 

6.9 

318.2 

-19-9 
-20.7 

603.404 
563,908 
39,496 

53,783 

53,625 

158 

53,173 

52,378 

795 

415,100 

408,849 

6,251 

67,539 

67,364 

175 

35,488 

35,394 

74 

45.4 
37.9 
531.8 

-20.4 
-20.4 
-9.7 

49.9 
48.0 

6M.  197 
617,037 
66,160 

51,538 

51,071 

467 

38,223 

37,760 

463 

367,  875 

357, 503 

10,372 

64,479 

64,271 

208 

23,363 

23,246 

117 

58  5 
44.6 
537.9 

-5.4 
-5.9 
124-5 

63.6 

62.4 

295.7 

314 

1,040 

29 

3.52 

367 

23 

1,108 

1,378 

80 

496 

806 

19 

354 
366 
25 

933 

1,(M1 

19 

303 

954 
48 

337 

350 

67 

796 
994 
46 

440 

Gasoline 

31 

285 
295 
30 

615 
684 

Steam 

Sidewhcel 

Steam 

OfL^nlfne 

29 

'  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  100. 


Of  the  total  number  of  vessels  in  1916,  726,  or  34.2 
per  cent,  were  steamers  and  1,397,  or  65.8  per  cent, 
used  gasoline  as  compared  with  725  steamers  and  341 
gasoline  vessels  in  1906,  the  proportion  of  the  number 
of  gasoline  vessels  increasing  from  32  per  cent  in  1906 
to  65.8  per  cent  in  1916. 

Steam  vessels  represented  669,911  tons,  or  94.3 
per  cent  of  the  total  tonnage  in  1916  and  605,868 
horsepower,  or  90  per  cent  of  the  horsepower;  the 
comparative  figures  for  1906  were  511,607  tons,  or 
98.7  per  cent  of  the  total  tonnage  and  435,020  horse- 
power, or  97.6  per  cent  of  the  total  amoimt.  The 
gasoline  vessels  represented  5.7  per  cent  of  the  ton- 
nage and  10  per  cent  of  the  horsepower  in  1916,  as 
compared  with  1.3  per  cent  of  the  tonnage  and  2.4 
per  cent  of  the  horsepower  in  1906.     The  screw-pro- 


pelled vessels  formed  90.5  per  cent  of  aU  vessels 
propelled  by  machinery  in  1916,  stem-wheelers  7.2 
per  cent,  and  side-wheelers  2.3  per  cent,  the  corre- 
sponding percentages  for  1906  being  78.5,  17.9,  and 
3.6,  respectively.  The  tonnage  of  these  vessels  in 
1916  formed  84.9  per  cent,  7.6  per  cent,  and  7.5  per 
cent,  respectively,  of  the  total  tonnage;  in  1906 
the  percentages  were  80.1,  13,  and  6.8,  respectively, 
of  the  total  tonnage.  The  horsepower  of  the  screw 
propellers  formed  86.7  per  cent  of  the  total  in  1916 
and  82.5  per  cent  in  1906;  stern-wheelers,  7.7  per 
cent  in  1916  and  12.2  per  cent  in  1906;  and  side- 
wheelers,  5.7  per  cent  in  1916  and  5.2  per  cent  in 
1906. 

The  side-wheel  vessels  greatly  exceed  all  other  classes 
in  average  tonnage  and  horsepower. 


128 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  1 6  shows  for  vessels  propelled  ])y  machinery, 
their  occupation,  and  the  character  of  propulsion  and 
horsepower  of  engines  for  1916  and  1906. 

Table  16. — Character  of  Propulsion  and  Horsepower  op 
Vessels  Propelled  by  Machinery,  by  Occupation:  1916  and 
1906. 


CHAR.tCTER  OF  PROPULSION. 

HORSEPOWER  OF  ENGINES 

OCCUPATION  AND  CENSUS 
YEAR. 

Total 
(num- 
ber). 

Screw 
(num- 
ber). 

Side 
wheel 
(num- 
ber). 

Stem 
wheel 
(num- 
ber). 

Total. 

Steam. 

Gaso- 
line. 

Total: 
1916 

2,123 

1,0<'.6 

1,922 

&!7 

48 
38 

153 
191 

672,958 
4-15,717 

605,868 
4.35,020 

67,090 

1906 

10.697 

Freight  and  passenger: 
1916                

1,005 
604 

642 
313 

76 
47 

293 
66 

107 
36 

895 
455 

593 
272 

36 
10 

293 
66 

105 
31 

11 
5 

2 

35 
31 

99 

144 

49 
39 

5 
6 

520,2.56 
362, 182 

84,646 

50,284 

44.374 
29,165 

16,814 
2,047 

6,  ,868 
2,039 

490,825 
355, 849 

62,394 

47,764 

42,591 
29,079 

8,173 
810 

1.885 
1,518 

29,431 

190fi 

0,.333 

Tugs  and  other  towing 
vessels: 
1916  .           

22.252 

1906 

2,520 

Ferrybonts: 

19IH 

1,783 

1906   

86 

Yachts: 

1916                

8,641 

1906 

1,237 

Miscellaneous: 

1916 

2 

2' 

4,983 

1906 

521 

The  freight  and  passenger  vessels  formed  the  most 
numerous  class,  constituting  47.3  per  cent  of  the  total 
number  of  all  classes  of  craft  and  reporting  77.-3 
per  cent  of  the  total  horsepower.  These  figures 
represent  a  slight  relative  decrease  from  1906, 
when  the  percentages  were  56.7  and  81.3,  respec- 
tively. Of  the  1,005  freight  and  passenger  vessels  in 
1916,  89.1  per  cent  were  equipped  with  screw  propel- 
lers, 9.9  per  cent  were  stern-wheelers,  and  1.1  per  cent 
were  side-wheelers,  compared  vnih  75.3  per  cent,  23.8 
per  cent,  and  eight-tenths  of  1  per  cent,  respectively, 
in  1906. 

Tugs  and  towing  vessels  also  had  a  large  proportion 
of  screw  propellers,  92.4  per  cent  in  1916  and  86.9  per 
cent  in  1906;  only  7.6  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of 
tugs  in  1916  being  stem-wheelers,  compared  with  12.5 
per  cent  in  1906.  There  were  no  side-wheelers  re- 
ported for  this  class  in  1916,  and  but  two  in  1906. 

Ferryboats  embraced  most  of  the  side-wheel  craft 
in  1916  as  in  1906,  72.9  per  cent  of  all  side-wheelers 
being  ferryboats  in  1916  as  compared  with  81.6 
per  cent  in  1906.  Wliereas  side-wheel  was  the 
most  numerous  class  of  ferryboats  in  1906,  in  1916  it 
was  surpassed  by  screw-propelled  craft,  this  class 
forming  47.4  per  cent  of  all  ferryboats. 

The  increase  in  the  horsepower  of  internal-combus- 
tion engines  is  a  noticeable  feature  of  this  table,  the 
increase  for  the  decade  amountmg  to  over  500  per  cent 
for  all  vessels  combined.  The  largest  actual  increases 
in  horsepower  for  gasoline  vessels  occurred  in  the 
freight  and  passenger  and  the  tugs  and  towing  vessels, 
while  ferryboats,  although  showing  only  a  small  actual 
gain,  showed  the  largest  per  cent  of  increase. 


INCOME. 

Table  17  shows  the  gross  income,  by  classes  and  oc- 
cupation, for  1916  and  1906. 

Table  17. — Gross  Income— All  Vessels,  Exclusive  op  Fish- 
ing Vessels,  by  Class  and  Occupation,  with  Per  Cent  op 
Increase:  1916  AND  1906. 


CLASS,  OCCITPATION,  AND  CENSUS 
YEAR. 

Total. 

Freight. 

Passenger. 

All  other. 

Total: 

1916 

$80,215,193 

48,520,139 

65.3 

$.56, 561, -117 

29,340,102 

92.8 

Sll.571,416 

10,424,493 

11.0 

$12,082,330 

1906                       

8,755,544 

Percent  of  increase. 

38.0 

Steam:' 

1916 

66.855,181 

37,287,470 

79.3 

57,266,548 

29,692,075 

92.9 

6.019,784 

3,305,938 

82.1 

3,2.59,5.56 

4,208,430 

-22.6 

47,9.51 

2,500 

1,818.0 

261,. 342 
78.527 
232.8 

8,065,860 

8,299,751 

-2.8 

8,064,360 

8,277,779 

-2.6 

46,149.083 

20,600,325 

124.0 

45,918,718 

20,065,562 

128.8 

228,8.58 

534,463 

-57.2 

11.571, 416 

10,414,317 

11.1 

9,312,452 

8,365,559 

11.3 

40,996 
10,208 
301.6 

2,216,001 

2,037,5.S0 

8.8 

9,134,682 

1906 

6, 272, 798 

Per  cent  c(  increase 

Freight  and  passenger: 
1916  . 

45.6 

2,0.35,378 
1,260,954 

1906 

Percentof  increase. 
Tugs  and  other  towing  ves- 
sels: 

1916 

61.4 

5,749,930 
2,761,267 

1906    . 

Per  cent  of  increase* 
Ferryboats: 
1916.  . 

108.2 
1,043  555 

1906 

2,170,850 

—51  9 

Yachts: 
1916 

47  951 

1906....                     

2,590 

1,818.0 

Miscellaneous: 

1916 

1,507 

300 

402.3 

7.725.329 

8,090,122 

-4.5 

7,725,329 

8,090,007 

-4.5 

1,967 
1,000 
96.7 

257,868 
77, 227 

1906 

Percentof  increase. 

Sail: 

1916 

233.9 

340,531 

199,483 

70.7 

1906 

10,146 

Percent  of  increase ' 

Freight  and  passenger: 
1916 

3.39,031 

177,626 

90.9 

1906      

10,  no 

Yachts; 

1916 

1906       .   .. 

100 

100 

Percentof  increase. 

Miscellaneous: 

1916 

1,500 
21,872 
-93.2 

5,294,152 

2,932,918 

80.5 

1,500 

1906      

115 

21  757 

Per  cent  of  increase^. 

—93.1 

Unrigged: 

1916 

2,687,035 

649,655 

313.6 

2,607,117 
2, 283, 263 

1906 

14.2 

'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 
9  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 

It  is  not  claimed  that  this  income  is  absolutely  cor- 
rect, but  from  a  careful  and  intelligent  canvass  it  is 
believed  to  be  a  conservative  presentation  of  the  facts. 

Of  the  total  income  for  1916,  70.5  per  cent  was 
derived  from  freight  and  14.4  per  cent  from  passen- 
gers, the  corresponding  figm-es  for  1906  being  60.5 
and  21.5  per  cent,  respectively.  The  income  reported 
for  the  steam  freight  and  passenger  vessels  was  much 
the  largest,  both  in  1916  and  1906— .557,266,548,  or 
71.4  per  cent  of  the  total  income,  in  1916,  and 
$29,692,075,  or  61.2  per  cent,  in  1906.  In  1916  the 
income  from  sailing  vessels  of  this  class  formed  but 
10.1  per  cent  of  the  total,  compared  with  17.1  per  cent 
in  1906.  The  combined  income  for  freight  and  pas- 
senger vessels  was  $65,330,908,  or  81.4  per  cent  of  the 
total  income,  in  1916  and  $37,969,854,  or  78.3  per 
cent,  in  1906. 


PACIFIC  COAST  (INCLUDING  ALASKA). 


129 


The  income  reported  for  tugs  and  other  towing 
vessels  amounted  to  $0,019,784,  or  7.5  per  cent  of  the 
total  income,  in  1916,  and  S3,.305,93S,  or  6.8  per  cent, 
in  1906.  A  considerable  decrease  is  shown  for  the 
freight  service,  but  taking  into  consideration  the  fact 
that  at  both  censuses  these  amounts  represent,  to  a 
greater  or  less  degree,  income  from  freight  that  was 
actually  carried  on  unrigged  craft,  the  decrease  has 
little  significance.  Wliero  the  tug  and  the  tow  were 
controlled  by  the  same  ownership,  the  income  was 
generally  reported  for  the  tug;  whereas  if  controlled 
by  different  ownerships,  the  tug  was  credited  with  the 
towing  charges  and  the  unrigged  craft  was  credited 
with  the  income.  The  income  reported  by  tugs  under 
"All  other"  was  mostly  for  towing.  A  better  idea, 
therefore,  of  the  conditions  pertaining  to  income  for 
tugs  and  unrigged  craft  is  obtained  by  combining  the 
two  classes.  The  result  of  such  a  combination  shows 
that  from  1906  to  1916  there  was  an  increase  in  the 
income  for  freight  of  $1,731,775,  or  146.3  per  cent. 


The  income  for  ferryboats  decreased  between  1906 
and  1916,  forming  only  4.1  per  cent  of  the  total  in- 
come in  1916,  compared  with  8.7  per  cent  in  1906. 
Unrigged  craft  reported  an  income  that  represented 
6.6  per  cent  of  the  total  in  1916  and  6  per  cent  in  1906. 
The  income  for  unrigged  craft  as  reported  under  "All 
other"  represented  largely  lighterage,  or  harbor  work, 
to  distinguish  it  from  freight  shipments.  In  addition 
to  representing  towing  charges  and  lightering,  "All 
other"  income  includes  considerable  amounts  for 
dredging,  pile  driving,  chartered  vessels,  etc.  The 
income  for  unrigged  craft  was  about  evenly  divided 
in  1916  between  freight  and  "All  other,"  whereas  in 
1906  "AU  other"  represented  the  bulk  of  the  in- 
come. 

EMPLOYEES  AND   8ALAKIES  AND   WAGES. 

Table  18  shows  for  steam,  sail,  and  unrigged  vessels 
the  total  number  of  employees  and  salaries  and  wages, 
with  per  cent  of  increase,  for  1916  and  1906. 


Table  18.— EMPLOYEES  AND  SALARIES  AND  WAGES,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE:  1916  AND  1906. 


Census 

year. 

TOTAL. 

STEAM.' 

SAD.. 

T.TS-RIGGED. 

Number 

o( 

employees. 

Salaries  and 
wages. 

Number 

o! 

employees. 

Salaries  and 
wages. 

Number 

of 

employees. 

Salaric.^  and 
wages. 

Number 

of 

employees. 

Salaries  and 
wages. 

Total 

1916 
1906 

32,046 

26,519 

25.6 

$24,350,064 

17,190,022 

41.6 

25,930 

17,954 

44.4 

$21,074,988 
12,796i6i8 

4,230 
6,972 
-29.2 

$1,993,550 

3,213,438 

-38.0 

1,886 

1,593 

18.4 

$1,281,528 

1,179,948 

8.6 

1916 
1906 

23,576 

20.142 

17.0 

8,470 
6:;77 
57.5 

2,592 

1,S53 
39.9 

5,878 
3, -.24 
60.8 

18,055,1-11 

12,950,399 

39.4 

6,294,923 

4,239,623 

48.5 

2,410,693 

1,768,849 
36.3 

3,884,230 

2,470,774 
57.2 

18,500 

14,423 

28.3 

7,430 
3,531 
110.4 

2,348 

1,678 
39.9 

5,082 
1,853 
174.2 

15,232,382 

9,330,294 

63.2 

5,842,606 

3,466,344 

68.6 

2,262,801 

1,641,438 

37.8 

3,579,805 

1,S24,906 
96.2 

3,562 
4,481 
-20.5 

668 
1,491 
-55. 2 

179 

i.:9 

12.6 

489 
1,332 
-63.3 

1,688,208 

2,719,571 

-37.9 

305,342 

493,867 

-38.2 

92.022 

98,643 

-6.7 

213,320 

395,224 

-46.0 

1,514 
1,238 
22.3 

372 
355 
4.8 

65 
16 

1,134,551 

900,534 

28.0 

146,975 

279,412 

-47.4 

55,870 

28,768 

94.3 

91,105 

250,644 

-63.7 

On  land,, 

1916 
1906 

1916 

19U6 

Per  cent  or  increase  = 

AU  other 

1916 
1906 

307 

339 

—9.4 

I  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


*  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  than  liXI. 


The  land  employees  are  divided  into  two  classes,  one 
representing  officers,  managers,  clerks,  etc.,  and  the 
other  embracing  chiefly  laborers,  stevedores,  and  long- 
shoremen. Those  employed  on  vessels  represent  the 
total,  irrespective  of  rank  or  duties. 

The  emplo}'ees  on  vessels  in  1916  formed  73.6  per 
cent  of  the  total  number  of  emplo5'ees  of  all  classes, 
and  their  salaries  and  wages  amounted  to  74.1  per 
cent  of  the  total.  The  corresponding  percentages  for 
1906  were  78.9  and  75.3,  respectively.  Of  the 
employees  of  all  classes,  in  1916,  80.9  per  cent  were 
connected  with  steam  vessels,    13.2    per    cent    with 

116515°— 20— 9 


sailing  vessels,  and  5.9  per  cent  with  unrigged  craft. 
The  distribution  of  salaries  and  wages  in  1916  was 
86.6  per  cent  for  steam  vessels,  8.2  per  cent  for  sailing 
vessels,  and  5.3  per  cent  for  imrigged  craft.  As  in 
most  other  respects,  general  decreases  are  shown  both 
for  munber  and  salaiies  and  wages  for  sailing  vessels. 

FREIGHT. 

Table  19  shows,  for  each  of  the  principal  ports  and 
for  Alaska  the  shipments  and  receipts  of  freight,  by 
commodities,  for  1916. 


130  TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 

Table  19.— SHIPMENTS  AND  RECEIPTS  OF  PRINCIPAL  COMMODITIES  BY  SELECTED  PORTS:  1916. 


COMMODITY. 


Total: 

Phipmmts tonsi 

Recoipu tons  i 

Canned  goods: 

Shipments tons, . 

Receipts tons. . 

Cement,  brick,  and  lime: 

Shipments tons. . 

Receipts tons. . 

Coal: 

Shipments tons. . 

Receipts tons.. 

Cotton: 

Shipments tons. . 

Receipts tons. . 

Flour: 

Shipments tons. . 

Receipts tons. . 

Fruits  and  vegetables: 

Shipments tons. . 

Receipts tons. . 

Grain: 

Shipments tons. . 

Receipts tons. . 

Ice: 

Shipments tons. . 

Receipts tons. . 

Iron  ore: 

Shipments tons. . 

Receipts tons.. 

Lumber: 

Shipments I^^l^ 

R«=eipts 1^'}-:: 

Naval  stores: 

Shipments tons. . 

Receipts tons. . 

Petroleum  and  other  oils: 

s^p-^^^ {&s:: 

H-ipt- {Ceis:: 

Phosphate  and  fertilizer: 

Snipments tons, . 

Receipts tons. . 

Pig  iron  and  steel  rails: 

Shipments tons. . 

Receipts tons. . 

Stone,  sand,  etc: 

Shipments tons. . 

Receipts tons.. 

Tobacco: 

Shipments tons. . 

Receipts tons. . 

Miscellaneous  merchandise: 

Shipments tons. . 

Receipts tons. . 


Total. 


21,S5.3,9S5 
21,853,983 


32B.0n7 
326,007 


2ns, 

208, 


2T0. 
270, 


29S, 
298, 


4R1, 
481, 


MB 
546 


10.228 
10,228 

3.184,785 

0, 996,760) 
3,184,785 
0,996,760) 

16,264 
16,264 

7,699,115 
(46,656,07!) 

7. 609,115 
(,iB,6S6,07S) 

33,680 
33,680 

142, 776 
142, 776 

1,638,68.5 
1,638,685 

8,188 
8,188 

6,983,111 
6,983,111 


T  OS 
Angeles. 


5..S30 
56.S.!6 


50 


Port- 
land. 


495,870 
864.418 


2.038 
4,929 

5.5.i2 
24,794 

1,066 
514 


127 

(SO) 
8.599 
(6,408) 


363 

(f,!00) 


4,885 
2,316 


39,302 
4,370 

7,864 
20,399 

34,520 
15,761 

105 
1 


40,106 

(IS.Sli) 

5,885 

(S,70t) 


126,700 

(767,877) 

266.289 

(1,613,755) 

20 


322,199 
28 


238,494 
199,280 


Sacra- 
mento. 


31.020 
137.6.53 


35 
272 


132 

,500 


65 
201 


39 


134 
23,445 

25 


22 


910 

(671) 
51,675 
iSi,600) 


11,730 

(71,0,'iO) 

36,432 

(SIO.SOO) 


630 


17,298 
18,128 


San 
FrancLsco. 


2,188.0.14 
3,913.3,10 


43,438 
113,106 

39,911 

88,958 

20,602 
90,016 

3,766 
1,173 

52,884 
154,975 

42,206 
144,895 

49,629 
106,024 

20 


104.546 

(65,71!,) 
1.058,247 
(661, iH) 

14,644 

221 

113,636 

(6SS.611,) 

454, 65r 

(S,76S,60t) 

1,280 
18,926 

5,541 
114,229 

20,915 
102,947 

2,382 
57 

1,672.654 
1,464,918 


Seattle. 


1,171,367 
1,646,639 


18,482 
95,524 

16,650 
20,364 

77,772 
3,5(M 


39,191 

102 


13,888 
8,836 


38,727 
6,460 


72,064 
(45,085) 
102,611 
(64,636) 

37 

178 

283,259 

(1,716,680) 

1,070.891 

(6,490,161) 

2,491 
2,836 

9,948 
355 

4,612 
87,935 

149 
220 

594.097 
246,823 


Stock- 
ton. 


119,964 
302, 704 


238 


12,939 


1,601 
464 


61,068 
49 

l,.'i87 
152,063 

9,858 
42,701 

147 


466 

(e9S) 

1,385 
(870 


36 

(m) 

7,248 
(4S,914) 


15,000 


Tacoma. 


.\  la.sk  a. 


302.341 
517,130 


1,3.16 
1,583 

441 

7,100 

2,018 
242 


20,382 
34 

2,450 
2,384 

14,824 
776 

100 


6,167 

80.923 

(50,895) 
7,021 


87 

(SS8) 

72,036 

(436,681) 

222 
3,200 

1,231 

94 

16,374 
88,064 

5,233 
325 


54,955       1.56,687 
70,855       328,  IW 


All  other 
United 
States 
ports. 


147,058 
19,697 

2,015 
4,567 

2.791 
95,310 


2,921 
15,266 

1,600 
13,733 

3,680 
14,738 


5,595 

(3,479) 

59,590 

(S7,^7) 

12 
3 


112,119 
83,342 

143, .199 
35,608 

50.427 
47,005 

50 
301 

92, 792 
89,783 

411,4.18 
111,432 

388,659 
342,951 

484 
877 

10,228 
18 

2,841,273 

(1,781,031) 

1,. 158, 781 

(973,685) 

1,518 
13,750 


4,837       7,143,729 

(S4,S19)(4S,!95,3!4) 

128,349       4,648,390 

(760,714)  (18,171,904) 


4, .107 
71 

3,033 
12,404 

2,123 
1,218 

275 
407 

557,387 
554,513 


10.398 
8,615 

118,355 
8,740 

1,593.358 
975,401 

121 
600 

3,289,2.18 
3,561,700 


Foreign. 


1,213 
7,554 


6,528 

114.307 
33,393 

1,168 
3,505 


38S 
4,413 


6.120 
16,631 


4,043 

38,775 

(U,SS7) 

330,991 

(tU,  783) 

46 
2,112 

14,738 

(89,Sfi) 

1,016,842 

(6,16e,64i) 

14,762 
32 

4,593 
6,948 

673 


6,679 

397,396 

536,474 


SHIPMENTS  FKOM  AND  DELFVERIES  TO  PACITIC  POETS  BY  VESSELS  OF  THE  ATLANTIC  COAST  ANC  GULF  OF  MEXICO. 

tons.. 

tons.. 

378,492 
177,687 

4,070 

27,754 
11,384 

23,266 

304,289 
113,967 

5,754 
12,976 

13,3.19 
39,360 

Shipped  from 

'  All  tons  of  2,000  pounds. 


The  fact  that  the  commodities  shown  for  freight 
shipments  and  receipts  are  those  selected  for  a  sched- 
ule to  be  used  to  secure  statistics  for  the  country  as  a 
whole  will  explain  the  appearance  in  Table  19  of  such 
commodities  as  cotton,  ice,  tobacco,  etc.,  which  are 
important  in  other  sections  of  the  coimtrj',  but  Lasig- 
nificant  as  applied  to  the  Pacific  coast. 

In  accepting  the  statistics  in  this  table  it  should  be 
imderstood  that  notwithstanding  the  general  willing- 
ness on  the  part  of  the  shipping  interest  to  cooperate 
vciih  this  bureau,  there  are  cases  where  no  record  is 
kept  of  detailed  deliveries  that  would  enable  the  bu- 
reau to  prepare  an  exact  statement.  In  the  aggregate, 
however,  it  is  believed  the  table  presents  a  fair  approxi- 
mation of  the  freight  movements  by  Pacific  coast 


vessels,  the  total  being  restricted  to  the  freight  carried 
by  vessels  operating  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

Of  the  commodities  specifically  named  the  most  im- 
portant was  petroleum  and  other  oils,  with  46,656,072 
barrels,  equivalent  to  7,699,n.5  tons,  or  35.2  per  cent 
of  the  total  freight  shipments.  Next  ki  importance 
was  lumber,  with  1,996,750  M  feet,  the  equivalent  in 
tons  being  3,184,785,  or  14.6  per  cent  of  the  total. 
This  figure,  however,  does  not  adequately  represent 
the  Pacific  coast  lumber  movement  by  water,  as  it 
does  not  include  logs  which  may  have  been  moved  in 
the  shape  of  rafts.  Attempts  that  have  been  made  to 
ascertain  the  amount  of  logs  rafted  have  been  unsuc- 
cessful ;  therefore,  for  census  purposes,  logs  rafted  and 
towed  are  not  included  in  the  totals. 


PACIFIC  COAST  (INCLUDING  ALASKA). 


131 


Stone,  sand,  etc.,  is  third  in  rank,  to  which  might 
be  added  cement,  brick,  and  lime,  commodities  that 
are  closely  related,  inasmuch  as  they  enter  into 
nearly  all  building  operations. 

Gram,  flour,  fruits,  and  vegetables  are  the  agricul- 
tm-al  products  of  the  Pacific  coast  that  enter  into  the 
world's  commerce.  These  commodities,  taken  as  a 
■whole,  amounted  to  1,326,271  tons,  or  6.1  per  cent  of 
the  total  freight  shipments. 

In  addition  to  the  movement  of  freight  by  the  Pa- 
cific coast  vessels,  there  were  556,179  tons  reported, 
shipments  and  deliveries,  on  vessels  from  the  Atlantic 
coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico,  as  shown  at  the  bottom  of 
Table  19. 

Table  20  shows  for  several  of  the  most  important 
Pacific  coast  ports  the  total  tonnage  of  freight  ship- 
ments for  1916  and  1906. 


Table  20. 


-Freight   Shipments   from   Selected   Ports:  1916 
AND  1906. 


CITT. 

FEETGHT 
(T0N3 
POUNDS) 

SHIPMENTS 
OF        2,000 

PER    CENT    OP 
TOTAL       FOR 

tnits. 

PER    CENT     OF 

TOTAL  FOR  PA- 

CIFIC  COAST. 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

Total 

4,314,146 

3,790,649 

100.0 

100.0 

19.7 

2S.5 

f?ftTI  ■Pmyi-'i^fn 

2,18S,a54 

1,171,367 

495,870 

302,341 

119,9(>4 

31,020 

5,530 

1,65«,614 
856, 9S8 
492,673 
270,2.56 
2fi0, 195 
254,023 

60.7 
27.2 
11.5 
7.0 
2.,S 
0.7 
0.1 

43.7 
22.8 
13.0 
7.1 
6.9 
6.7 

10.0 
5.4 
2.3 
1.4 
.  0.5 
0.1 

0) 

12  5 

Seattle 

6.4 

3  7 

Tacoma 

2  0 

2  0 

Sacramento 

1  9 

I  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

In  considering  the  totals  in  this  table  it  should  be 
understood  that  certain  shipments,  like  petroleum, 
lumber,  etc.,  are  largely  local  and  from  ports  that  are 
not  recognized  of  general  marine  importance.  The 
ports  are  arranged  in  the  order  of  their  importance. 
Of  the  total  shipments  for  the  seven  cities,  San  Fran- 
cisco reported  50.7  per  cent  in  1916,  compared  with 
43.7  per  cent  in  1906.  Notwithstanding  this  increased 
proportion,  the  port's  proportion  of  the  total  shipments 
of  the  Pacific  coast  decreased  from  12.5  in  1906  to  10 
per  cent  m  1916.  Decreases  in  this  respect  are  shown 
also  for  aU  other  cities  for  which  comparative  figures 
are  available. 

PASSENGERS. 

Table  21  shows  for  ferryboats  and  for  all  other  classes 
of  vessels  combined  the  number  of  passengers  carried 
for  1916,  1906,  and  1SS9. 


Table  21. — Number  op  Passen(5er.s,  with  Per  €ent  op  Total 
AND  Per  Cent  op  Increase:  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


CLASS. 

NUMBER. 

PER  CENT  or 
TOTAL. 

PER  CENT 

OF  IN- 
CEEASE. 

1916 

1906 

1889 

1916 

I90C 

18S9 

I90«- 
1916 

1SS9- 
1916 

Total.... 

55,4')8.R43 

44,189,971 

13,672,093 

100. 0 

100. 0 

100.0 

25.4 

253.6 

Ferrv... 

48.280.569 
7,128,274 

39,.i.32.354 
4,657,617 

14,291,8.59 
1,380,234 

87.1 
12.9 

89.5 
10.5 

91.2 
8.8 

22.1 
53.0 

237  8 

Another 

416.5 

There  was  an  increase  of  11,218,872,  or  25.4  per 
cent,  in  the  total  number  of  passengers  carried  in 
1916,  as  compared  with  1906.  Of  this  increase, 
8,748,215,  was  shown  for  ferry  passengers,  and 
2,470,657,  for  passengers  which  were  classed  as 
"all  other,"  representing  increases  22.1  per  cent  and 
53  per  cent,  respectively,  for  the  ten-year  period 
1906-1916.  Of  the  total  number  of  passengers  car- 
ried, 87.1  per  cent  in  1916  and  89.5  per  cent  in  1906 
were  ferry  passengers. 

IDLE    VESSELS. 

Table  22  shows  the  number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value 
of  idle  steam,  sail,  and  unrigged  vessels  for  1916  and 
1906. 

Table  22.— Idle  Vessels:  1916  and  1906. 


CLASS  AND  CENSUS  TEAK. 

Xumber 
of 

vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  ct 

vessels. 

Total: 

1916 

561 
252 

83,981 
28,229 

$6,148,479 
2,062,793 

1906 

Steam:' 

1916 

368 
143 

31 
43 

162 
64 

63,682 
21,994 

6,113 
1,391 

14,186 

B,nSl,fi02 
1  Sol  731 

1906 

Sail: 

1916 

330  350 

1906 

69,935 
766.827 

141  r^ 

UnriRRed: 

1916 

1906 

'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

In  addition  to  the  4,092  active  vessels  for  which 
statistics  have  been  presented,  reports  were  received 
for  561  vessels  reported  as  idle  during  the  entire  year 
1916.  This  total  includes  109  fishing  vessels,  85  of 
which  were  gasoline,  6  steam,  and  18  sailing  vessels, 
with  a  total  of  2,551  gross  tons. 

Table  23  shows,  in  detail,  for  all  vessels,  the  prin- 
cipal statistics  of  transportation  on  the  Pacific  coast 
(including  Alaska),  by  class,  occupation,  and  character 
of  ownership,  for  1916. 


132 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 

Table  23.— ALL  VESSELS,  BY  CLASS, 


CLASS,   OCCUPATION,  AND  OWNER.SHTP. 

Numticr 

of  \  (-'S- 

sels. 

TONN.VGK. 

RIGGED, 

lIURSKPnWER  OF 
ENUIKES. 

Gross. 

Net. 

Side 
wheel. 

Screw. 

Stern 
wheel. 

Steam. 

Gasoline. 

1 

Aggregate 

4.962 

1.215,. 303 

92),  863 

48 

2.767 

158 

620,579 

94,225 

2,973 
1,005 
642 
76 
850 
293 
107 

7:«,  Blil 

611,021 

35,600 

51,180 

25,301 

8,417 

3,842 

479,341 

396,325 

23.282 

3.5,208 

16. J58 

5,  .538 

2,510 

48 
11 

35' 

2' 

2,767 
895 
593 
36 
816 
203 
105 

158 

99 

49 

5 

5 

620,679 

490,826 

62,394 

42,591 

14,711 

8,173 

1,886 

94,225 

29,431 

22,262 

1,783 

27,135 

8,6)1 

4,983 

^ 

il 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels                                

n 

ff 

Fishing  vessels 

7 

798 
438 
227 
45 
72 
11 
7 

2,175 
569 
415 
31 
778 
282 
100 

677,414 

5S6,,S46 

28,372 

49,988 

7,603 

3,855 

852 

68,247 
24,175 
7,238 
1,  194 
17,  798 
4,582 
2,9'JO 

438.3r>0 

378, 996 

18,485 

33,991 

4,173 

2,175 

540 

40,9.81 
17,329 
4,797 
1,217 
12,285 
3,. 383 
1,970 

38 

7 

36' 

i" 

10 
4 

5' 

i" 

613 

332 

182 

11 

71 

11 

6 

2, 154 
563 
411 

25 
774 
282 

99 

147 

97 

46 

4 

1 

11 
2 
4 

4 

620,679 

490,825 

62,394 

42,591 

14,711 

8,173 

1,885 

10 
11 
12 
1? 

15 

16 

Motor                                                                                            

94,225 

29,431 

22,252 

1,783 

27,135 

8,641 

4,983 

17 

18 
19 

21 

Individual                                                                                       

03 

1,295 
291 
190 

11 
501 
248 

64 

262 

70 

46 

5 

109 

27 

6 

1,,384 

644 

397 

49 

240 

16 

38 

32 

38,625 

17,145 

3,212 

192 

9,539 

7,702 

836 

17,036 

11,670 

1,313 

249 

2,882 

320 

602 

674, 133 

682,206 

30,120 

46,S!0 

12,8S0 

315 

1,752 

5,867 

26, 149 
11,602 
2,112 
141 
6,6:{3 
5,056 
605 

11,167 
7,435 
879 
171 
2,006 
224 
452 

438,079 

377,288 

19,780 

31,879 

7,819 

210 

1,073 

3,946 

3 
1 

i' 

i" 

1 

i' 

35 
10 

25" 

9 

1,279 
281 
188 
8 
501 
248 
63 

255 
68 
42 
4 
109 
27 
5 

1,211 

546 

354 

22 

235 

16 

38 

22 

13 
9 
2 
2 

6 
2 
3 
I 

19, 794 

9,065 

1,656 

30 

895 

8,023 

125 

9,427 

6,740 

2,282 

180 

150 

40,512 

9,776 

7,835 

358 

13,566 
7,397 
1,690 

9,704 

2,470 

1,902 

65 

4,286 

665 

316 

43,113 
17,185 
12,360 
1,025 
9,293 
614 
2,736 

896 

?fi 

*>? 

Fisiiing  vessels                                 

?S 

Yachts 

?<* 

Wi-iPAllanAon.s  ,                                                      ... 

•^fl 

FiriH .     .                             

^1 

?? 

Ferryboats                                       

?1 

15 

Yachts..           .                            

138 

88 

43 

2 

5 

1 

75 

684,241 

475,020 

55,386 

39.934 

13,666 

150 

85 

7,117 

•^^ 

'10 

Ferryboats           .  .  .                  

42 

Yachts  . .         .                          

All  other 

15 

46 

10 
11 

955 
4,209 

511 
3,017 

9" 

9 
2 

1 

3,070 
2,447 

155 
335 

17 

Ferryboats                            

2 
9 

60 
053 

38 
3.80 

2 
9 

65 
341 

50 

Idisceilaneoua                                

1,600 

316 

226,081 

204,143 

'i'> 

264 
20 
29 
3 

113 
77 
8 
28 

220,929 

4,011 

592 

519 

32,452 
31,173 

704 
575 

199,466 

3,710 

474 

493 

28,976 

27,848 

670 

467 

51 

fii 

Rft 

Individual 

57 

'iO 

60 

61 

26 
24 

1 

8,508 

8,477 

14 

17 

7,6.W 

7,624 

14 

17 

6? 

65 

Mi  sf^pl  Ian  Aon.'3 

60 

166 
152 
11 

178, 109 

174,267 

3,323 

161,239 

157, 720 

3,026 

67 

60 

3 

U 
11 

619 

7,012 
7,012 

493 

6,274 
6,274 

All  other                                              

7? 

Yachts 

75 

Mtscel  Ianf>oiis 

76 

1,673 

253,661 

240,379 

77 

170 

129 

1,354 

20 

11, '92 

7,953 

229,551 

1,205 

11,431 

7,006 

217, 290 

4,052 

78 



1  Includes  statistics  for  870  fishing  vessels,  a  class  not  reported  at  prior  censuses. 


PACIFIC  COAST  (INCLUDING  ALASKA). 

OCCUPATION,  AND  OWNERSHIP:  1916.' 


133 


CONSTEUCnON. 

Value  of  ves- 
sels. 

INCOME. 

Number 
employed 
ou  vessels. 

Wages. 

Nnmber  of 

passengers 

carried. 

FREIGHT  CABEIED  (TONS  OF 
2,000  POONOS). 

Metal. 

Wood. 

Com- 
posite. 

Freight. 

Passengers. 

AU  other. 

Exclusive  of 
lighterage. 

I>ight«rage  or 
harbor  work. 

2.57 

4,701 

4 

S132,  .524, 92-1 

$.56,  .574, 4.55 

$11,  .571, 699 

$16,884,030 

28,468 

$20,483,963 

55,408,881 

21,856,134 

3,271,499 

1 

201 
140 
21 
9 
15 
7 
3 

2,709 

857 
621 
CO 
83.5 
2So 
104 

3 
2 

111, 0«,  115 
89,404,9.* 
0,860.384 
6,607,93.5 
5,054,418 
2,139,937 
9I'.8,4S2 

46,1.59,841 

45,918,718 

228,858 

11,571,699 

9, 312, 452 

40,996 

2, 216,  Ofll 

283 

13,595,063 
2,035,378 
5,749,930 
1,043,5.55 
4,460,381 
47,951 
257, 8t« 

22,978 

14,759 

2,412 

825 

4,478 

264 

240 

17,445,303 

11,737,724 

2,116,609 

964,080 

2,212,981 

202,5.57 

211,421 

65,408,881 

7,105,624 

18,943 

48,280,5f.9 

38 

15,362,728 

15,339,376 

21, 744 

169, 172 
152,634 

2 
3 

4 

1 

16,538 

S 

10,758 

1,399 

6 

7 

1,507 

1,967 

3,707 

207 

» 

180 
133 
20 
9 
15 
6 
3 

15 
13 

1 

cm 
sni 

2i)7 

35 

57 

5 

4 

2,lfi0 
550 
414 
31 
778 
2S1 
103 

3 

2 

99,668,156 
85,021,453 
5,039,359 
6,394,5.50 
1,107,600 
1,187,000 
318, 194 

11,373,9.59 

3, 783, 505 

1,827,025 

213,380 

3,916,818 

a52,837 

650,288 

44,085,428 

43,917,.Va 

168,075 

11,05;;,  021 

8,970,680 

89 

2,085,255 

8, 445, 195 
1,835,213 
4,308,709 
1.018,  .581 
1,212,872 
45,7.50 
24,070 

5,149,8f« 

200,  ir,5 

1,441,221 

24,974 

3, 247,  .509 

2,201 

233, 798 

16, 575 
13,294 

1,698 

755 

601 

KM 

67 

6,403 
1,41.5 
714 
70 
3,877 
104 
173 

13,811,5ffl 

10,715,597 

1,  .571, 022 

912,615 

409,208 

121,9f,2 

81,156 

3,6.33,803 

1,022,127 

545,  .578 

51,  4^5 

1,80:),  773 

SO,  .595 

1.30, 2<i5 

62,799,205 

6,032,609 

92 

46,766,504 

14,408,240 

14,391,41,9 

14,771 

73,893 
£7,355 

9 
10 
11 

1 

16,538 

12 

13 

14 

15 

2,074,413 
2,001,31,5 

60,783 

515,675 

341,772 

40,907 

130, 746 

283 

2,609,676 

1,073,015 

18,8.51 

1,514,065 

38 

954,480 

945,907 

6,973 

95,279 
95,279 

IB 

17 

18 

19 

10,758 

1,399 

20 

1 

21 

1,507 

1,967 

3,707 

207 

23 

8 

1     ; 

1,287 
290 
190 
11 
501 
2)1 
64 

259 
68 
45 
.5 
109 
27 
5 

1,197 

499 

378 

41 

225 

16 

38 

20 

6,863,293 
2,564,162 

048,730 

28,600 

l,4<»,47fl 

2,014,725 

146,600 

2,  .596, 305 
1,772,480 
230,200 
30,100 
458,175 
53,S50 
51,500 

100,547,990 

85,0rt8,316 

5,603,936 

6,147,599 

3,135,767 

60,802 

«5,S10 

1,034,527 

l,80Lir0 
1,751,955 

45,390 

303,666 

233,514 

38,810 

29,142 

233 

2,588,607 

120,  .5.58 

624,832 

5,137 

1,723,347 

46,429 

68,304 

813,600 

23,370 

232,174 

3,801 

513, 107 

3,746 

949 

325 

12 

2,179 

249 

32 

1,130 

3S3 

133 

12 

578 
1 
23 

17,871 

13,427 

1,892 

695 

1,721 

14 

122 

231 

2,137,074 
672,192 
258, 141 

11,495 
993,510 
189, 577 

12, 159 

846,207 

414,910 

90,984 

6,237 

317,559 

1,080 

15,437 

14, 198,  .506 

10,650,622 

1, 707, 731 

834,136 

901,912 

11,900 

92,205 

263,576 

947,617 

675,521 

6,928 

261,428 

33 

730,472 

728,739 

2,592 

4,653 
4,653 

23 

24 

25 

26 

2,118 

934 

27 

7 

28 

1,507 

1,429,671 

1, 409, 268 

11,7(3 

s'mo' 

1,%7 

61,814 
63,508 

3,707 

29.5,368 
124,600 

207 

408,091 

404,737 

2,889 

2» 

3 
2 

2,500 
2,500 

.10 

31 

32 

8,256 
50 

170,863 
6 

m 

485 

34 

3ft 

1 

18.5 
143 

19 
8 

15 

41, 148 

10,032,160 
1,891,4.50 
4,773,099 
1,007,258 
2,223,927 
1,,522 
134,904 

160,696 

3(V 

2 
2 

42,929,000 

42,757,495 

171,505 

11,143,950 

9,025, 430 

2,186 

2,116,334 

51,566,805 

6,30.5,603 

12,015 

45,249,187 

14,224,163 

14,207,900 

16,263 

162,019 
145,481 

37 
3S 
39 

16,633 

40 

41 

n 

4a 

5 

1 

62,269 

2,599,091 

44 

Vi 

2 
1 

8 
9 

293,518 
401,637 

119,825 
27,359 

62 
106 

59,744 
112,212 

46 

1 

62,269 

2,599,091 

47 

48 

2 
7 

4,500 
334,872 

44 

2 

13,512 

63 

91,620 

W 

34 

281 

1 

13,419,521 

7,727,579 

681,8.50 

3,974 

1,904,(M9 

1,749,031 

n 

34 

230 
20 
28 
3 

110 
75 
8 
27 

13, 109.036 

159,860 

71,125 

19,500 

1,783,725 

1,683,900 

30,200 

69,625 

7,725,329 
2,250 

339.031 
341,319 

3,550 

412 

6 

6 

635 

543 

86 

6 

1,674,058 
215,841 

6,125 
8,025 

a50,974 

309,095 

35, 754 

6,125 

1,748,281 
750 

R1 

fil 

1 

54 

1,500 

91,167 
9,417 
81,750 

fit 

2 
2 

1 

1,201,789 
1,201,789 

225.867 
ZB,867 

5)1 

f>7 

M 

I 

m 

60 

20 

24 

1 

1 

390,000 

387,000 

1,500 

1,500 

379,915 
379,915 

2,7,50 

4.50 

2,300 

157 
167 

107,656 
107,656 

61,157 
61,157 

61 

6? 

. 

61 

64 

6") 

32 
32 

134 
120 
U 

10,875,796 

10,728,136 

128, 160 

5,818,311 

s,si6,oi;i 

2,250 

587,933 
329,  IM 
257,209 

3,076 

2,744 

326 

1,370,555 

1,182,443 

180,087 

1,432,797 

1,432,047 

750 

m 

67 

6A 

69 

3 

11 
11 

19,500 

370,000 
370,000 

1,500 

6 

106 
106 

8,025 

74,864 
74,864 

70 

327,504 
327,504 

29,210 
29,210 

71 

7? 

n 

74 

75 

22 

1,651 

8,003,288 

2,687,035 

2,607,117 

1,514 

1,134, ,5,51 

4,744,377 

3,102,327 

76 

170 

129 

1,334 

18 

2.56,810 

485,  760 

6,379,169 

941,549 

106,654 

15,124 

2,561,408 

3,849 

48,809 

91,770 

2,174,826 

291,712 

77 

72 

1,158 

207 

60,648 

29,979 

896,875 

157,  W9 

368,048 

154,468 

4,153,490 

68,371 

23,379 

30,159 

3,048,789 

77 

7^ 

20 
2 

79 

80 

GREAT  LAKES 
AND  ST.  LAWRENCE  RIVER 


135 


i 


I 


GREAT  LAKES  AND  ST.  LAWRENCE  RIVER. 


By  Francis  N.  Stacy. 


SCOPE  OF  THE  REPORT. 

Tlie  statistics  of  water  transportation  presented  in 
this  section  are  for  the  year  ending  December  31, 
1916,  and  relate  to  the  American  vessels,  ports,  and 
commerce  of  the  great  chain  of  inland  fresh-water  seas 
which  comprise  Lake  Superior  and  its  outlet,  the 
Sault  Ste.  Marie  Canals  and  St.  Mary's  River;  Lake 
ilichigan  and  the  Straits  of  Mackinac;  Lakes  Huron 
and  St.  Clair,  and  their  respective  outlets,  the  St. 
Clair  and  Detroit  Rivers;  Lakes  Erie  and  Ontario; 
and  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  the  final  outlet,  which 
carries  the  waters  of  the  Great  Lakes  watershed  to 
the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

The  Great  Lakes  and  connectmg  waterways  have 
been  recognized  for  many  years  as  one  of  the  most 
important  units  of  water  transportation  in  the 
United  States.  In  number,  type,  and  cargo  capacity 
of  steam  freight-carrying  vessels,  in  volume  and 
density  of  water-borne  traffic,  in  tonnage  of  bulk 
freight  handled,  and  low  cost  of  freight  transportation, 
and,  above  all,  in  economic  power  effective  in  develop- 
ing a  vast  productive  territory  and  delivering  its 
products  and  raw  materials  to  manufacturing  indus- 
tries and  to  domestic  and  foreign  commerce,  the 
Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River  rank  as  one  of 
the  Nation's  foremost  systems  of  water  transportation. 


In  t}"pe  of  vessel  construction,  as  well  as  in  dock 
faciUties  and  freight^handling  machinery  adapted  to 
speedy,  efficient,  and  economical  delivery  of  freight 
commodities,  the  Great  Lakes  equipment  is  admittedly 
one  of  the  most  complete  and  up  to  date  known  to 
transportation  and  commerce. 

The  report  covers  all  American-owned  craft  of  5 
tons  net  register  or  over  operating  on  the  Great  Lakes 
and  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  except  vessels  owned  by 
the  Federal  Government.  At  the  census  of  1906  fish- 
ing vessels  were  not  included  in  the  statistics;  there- 
fore, they  can  not  be  shown  in  this  report  in  tables 
giving  comparative  data. 

Data  compiled  by  the  Bureau  of  Navigation  which 
is  introduced  in  this  report  do  not  agree  with  those 
collected  by  the  Census  Bureau.  The  discrepancies 
are  due  to  a  difference  in  the  period  covered — between 
the  calendar  year  and  the  year  ending  Jime  30 — 
and  to  the  fact  that  only  documented  craft  are  con- 
sidered by  the  navigation  authorities,  while  the 
Census  Bureau  considers  all  American-owned  craft 
of  5  tons  net  register  or  over. 

GENEKAL    SUMMARY. 

The  more  important  statistics  relating  to  water 
transportation  on  the  Great  Lakes  are  summarized  in 
Table  1,  by  class  of  vessels,  for  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


Table  1.— ALL  \^SSELS  . 

i.ND  CRAFT,  EXCLUSIVE  OF  FISHING  VESSELS:  1916,  1906,  AND 

1889. 

TOTAL. 

STEAM.  1 

1916 

1906 

1889 

Per  cent  of  increase.' 

1916 

1906 

1889 

Per  cent  of  increase.' 

1889- 
1916 

1906- 
1916 

1889- 
1906 

1889- 
1916 

1906- 
1916 

18,89- 
1906 

Number  of  vessels 

2,856 

2,737,491 

$174,765,526 

$85,095,887 

26,873 

$18,633,219 

19,231,881 

131,472,088 

125,384,042 

6,088,046 

2,990 

2, 392,  .863 

$130,8(15,640 

$65,274,702 

24,916 

$13,280,716 

14,080,146 

•75,609,649 

•75,609,649 

(>) 

2,737 

920,294 

$48,580,174 

$35,463,852 

22,726 

$8,098,191 

2,235,993 

25,286,974 

25,286,974 

(') 

4.3 
197.5 
259.7 
140.0 

18.2 
130.1 
760.1 
420.3 
396.2 

-4.5 
14.4 
33.6 
30.4 
7.9 
40.3 
36.6 
73.9 
65.8 

9.2 
160.  0 
169.3 
84.1 
9.6 
M.0 
529.7 
199.2 
199.2 

1,837 

2,410,430 

$162,256,355 

$79,505,305 

24,163 

$17,027,341 

19,231.681 

125,667,892 

122,440,705 

3,227,187 

1,676 
1,915,786 
$116,983,812 
$56,340,227 
20,515 
$11, 179,  «2 
14,080,146 
(') 
(') 
(') 

1,467 
595,813 
$40, 868,  S24 
$24,949,267 
15,271 
$5,796,895 
2,235,993 
(') 
(') 
(') 

25.2 
304.6 
297.0 
218.7 

58.2 
193.7 
760.1 

9.6 
25.8 
3S.7 
41.1 
17.8 
52.3 
38.6 

14  2 

221  5 

Valu©  of  vessels 

1S6.  2 

Gross  income  3 

125.8 

34.3 

92.9 

S29.7 

Freight  and  harbor  work  (net  tons)... 

Freight  carried         

s.\rL.« 

USBIGGED. 

1916 

1906 

1889 

Percent  of  inirease.' 

1916 

1906 

1889 

Per  cent  of  increase." 

1889- 
1916 

1906- 
1916 

1889- 
1906 

1889- 
1916 

1906- 
1916 

1889- 
1906 

Number  of  vessels 

162 

145.450 

$4,351,287 

$1,611,810 

878 

$464,581 

531 
285,571 

$7,ia5.ri 

$4,341,174 

2,2i8 

$962,542 

962 

185,081 

$4, 238, 850 

$8,240,645 

5,758 

$1,804,003 

-83.2 

-21.4 

2.7 

-80.4 
-84.8 
-74.2 

-69.5 
-45.2 
-39.0 
-62.9 
-61.1 
-51.7 

-44.  S 
43.5 
68.3 

-47.3 

-60.8 
-40.6 

857 

181,611 

$8,157,884 

$3,978,772 

1.832 

$1,141,297 

7S3 

211,506 

$6,686,557 

$4,593,301 

2,143 

$1,138,292 

308 

139,400 

$3,472,500 

$2,273,940 

1,697 

$497,293 

178.2 
30.3 

134.9 
75.0 
8.0 

129.5 

9.5 

-14.1 

22.0 

-13.4 

-14.5 

0.3 

154.2 

Grosstonnage      

51  7 

Value  of  vessels 

92.6 

Grossincome' 

102.0 

Number  employed  on  vessels 

26.3 

Wages 

128.9 

Freight  andharbor  work  (net  tons) ... 
Freight  carried 

1,764,690 

1,730,990 

33,700 

(») 

(') 

(') 

4,039,506 
1.212.347 
2,827,159 

(») 

(•) 
(') 
(•) 

1  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 
'  A  minus  si°7i  (— )  denotes  decrease. 

3  In  a  number  of  cases  the  income  for  unrigged  craft  was  credited  to  the  towing 
steamers. 


•  Includes  2.003,453  tons  of  bunker  coal  reported  by  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  of 
the  L'opanment  of  (  ommerc©  and  Labor,  1906. 

•  Fitrures  not  av-.iil:ible. 

•  luciudes  schuuuer  barges,  etc. 

137 


GREAT  LAI^S  AND  ST.  LAWHENCE  RIVER. 


139 


The  map  on  page  138  of  the  Great  Lakes  region, 
copied  from  Rand  NcNally  and  Co.'s  Commercial 
Atlas,  is  introduced  showing  the  ports  and  lines  of 
traffic. 

The  figures  in  Table  1  mdicate  an  extraordLnary 
increase  in  Great  Lakes  shipping  during  the  period 
from  1889  to  1916;  they  reflect  not  only  the  vastly 
increased  capacity  and  efficiency  of  the  Great  Lakes 
merchant  fleet,  but  the  rapidly  expanding  resources 
and  industrial  production  of  the  Great  Lakes  region, 
as  well  as  the  growing  volume  of  interstate  commerce, 
which  are  alike  cause  and  effect  of  the  transportation 
growth  here  presented.  Although  the  number  of  ves- 
sels decreased  in  1916  as  compared  with  1906,  the  gross 
tonnage  of  vessels  increased  14.4  per  cent.  The  ton- 
nage of  freight  carried  shows  an  increase  in  1916  over 
that  carried  in  1906  of  nearly  50,000,000  net  tons,  or 
65.8  per  cent,  while  difference  between  the  number  of 
passengers  carried  in  1916  and  in  1906  amoimted  to 
more  than  5,000,000,  or  an  increase  of  36.6  per  cent. 
The  increase  in  gross  income  amounted  to  nearly 
$20,000,000,  or  30.4  per  cent.  The  statistics  shown 
in  the  table  for  steam  vessels  illustrate  the  substan- 
tial increase  in  transportation  by  this  class  of  vessel, 
while  those  for  sailing  vessels  show  heavy  decreases. 
For  imrigged  craft  the  number  and  value  show  an  in- 
crease, but  the  tonnage  and  gross  income  of  these  craft 
decreased. 

A  comparison  of  the  principal  data  for  water  trans- 
portation for  the  United  States  and  for  the  Great  Lakes 
and  St.  Lawrence  River,  for  1916  and  1906,  with  the 
percentage  that  the  Great  Lakes  shipping  formed  of 
the  total  in  each  year,  is  shown  in  Table  2. 

Table  2. — Water  Transportation,   tJNrrED  States  and  the 
Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River:  1916  and  1906. 


PEE  CENT 

GREAT 

UOTTED  STATES. 

GREAT  LAKES  AND  ST. 
LAWBENCE  EU'EE. 

LAKES  13 
OF  THE 
tTNTTED 
STATES. 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

19U6 

Number  of  vessels... 

37, 804 

37,321 

2,856 

2,990 

7.5 

8.0 

Grdss  tonnage 

12.249,980 

12,893,429 

2,737,491 

2, 392. 863 

22.3 

18.6 

Value  of  vessels 

$9.59,92.5.364 

$.507,973,121 

$174,765,526 

$130,805,640 

IS.  2 

2.5.8 

Gross  income 

S563,73l),367 

$294,&54,.532 

$85,095,887 

$65,274,702 

li.l 

2'2.1 

From  freight 

Ji22,773,417 

$175,545,361 

$7n„377,339 

$52,076,533 

16.6 

29.7 

From  passengers 
From  all  other 

$.52,958,670 

$43,645,365 

$6,879,005 

$4,866,904 

13.0 

11.2 

sources 

Number    employed 

$88,004,280 

$75,663,806 

$7,839,543 

$8,331,265 

8.9 

U.O 

1.53.301 
$103,235,534 

140,929 
$-1,636,521 

26,  873 
$18,633,219 

24,916 
$13,280,716 

17.5 
18.0 

17.7 

Wages 

IS.  5 

Number  of  passen- 
gers carried. 

331,590,565 

366,825,663 

19,231,681 

14, 080, 146 

5.S 

3.8 

Freight  and  harbor 

work  (tonsof  2.000 

pounds) 

381,3.52,926 
258.002,611 

?ri5,  .54.5, 804 
177,519,7.58 

1.31,472,088 
125,384.042 

175,609,649 
■75,609,549 

34.5 
48.6 

28.5 

Freight  carried.. 

42.6 

Harbor  work 

123,350,315 

8S,  026, 046 

6,088,046 

m 

4.9 

1  Bureau  of  Statistics,  Department  of  rommerce  and  Labor,  Monthly  Summary, 
Internal  Commerce  of  the  United  States,  Uecember,  190U,  and  includes  2,003,4o3 
tons  of  bunker  coal. 

2  Not  reported. 

In  the  two  most  important  items  of  transportation 
development,  vessel  tonnage  and  volume  of  freight 
handled,  the  Great  Lakes  in  1916  show  marked  in- 
creases in  the  proportions  contributed  to  the  totals. 


Gross  vessel  tonnage  for  the  Great  Lakes  and  St.  Law- 
rence River  increased  from  18.6  per  cent  of  the  total 
for  the  United  States  in  1906  to  22.3  per  cent  in  1916. 
It  is  in  volume  of  freight  handled,  however,  that  the 
Great  Lakes  fleet  makes  its  chief  record  for  capacity 
and  efficiency.  This  fleet  handled  48.6  per  cent  of  the 
water-borne  freight  shipments  reported  for  the  United 
States  as  a  whole  in  1916,  or  nearly  one-half  of  the 
countrj^'s  total;  the  comparative  percentage  in  1906 
was  42.6  per  cent. 

The  efficiency  and  economy  of  the  Great  Lakes  fleet 
as  a  pubUc  carrier  is  marked  by  notably  low  and  rea- 
sonable transportation  rates.  As  a  result,  though  the 
fleet  in  1916  represented  22.3  per  cent  of  the  country's 
total  vessel  tonnage  and  handled  48.6  per  cent  of  the 
water-borne  freight  shipments,  it  earned  only  16.6  per 
cent  of  the  gross  income  from  freight.  The  compara- 
tively high  seaboard  rates  prevailing  in  1916,  ■with 
notably  economical  Great  Lakes  rates,  are  largely  re- 
sponsible for  the  proportion  of  gross  income  assign- 
able to  the  Great  Lakes  decreasing  from  22.1  per  cent 
in  1906  to  15.1  per  cent  in  1916. 

Undocumented  craft. — Undocumented  craft  consist 
principally  of  yachts,  harbor  craft,  canal  boats,  and 
barges  operating  on  the  rivers  and  other  inland  waters, 
and  as  these  are  not  required  to  be  documented  the 
only  official  record  for  them,  probablj-,  is  the  census 
reports.  The  number  of  such  vessels,  both  active  and 
idle,  reported  to  the  Census  Bureau  as  operating  on  the 
Great  Lakes,  with  their  tonnage,  are  shown,  for  1916 
and  1906,  in  Table  3. 

Table  3. — Number  and  Gross  Tonnage  op  Active  and  Idle 
Undocumented  Craft:  1916  and  1906. 


CLASS. 

NtTMBER  OF 
^-ESSELS. 

GROSS  TONNAGE. 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

Total . . . 

794 

775 

80,283 

159,351 

Active 

704 

748 

70.347 

150,363 

Steam ' 

320 
28 
356 

90 

124 

49 

575 

27 

3,274 

263 

66,810 

9,936 

5,984 

Sail- 

408 

143,971 

Idle.. 

8,988 

Steam ' . 

38 

1 

51 

3 

2 
22 

502 

7 

9,427 

104 

Sail 

260 

3,624 

1  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

Steam,  sail,  and  "unrigged  craft. — In  accordance 
with  the  tendency  exhibited  along  the  Atlantic  coast, 
the  importance  of  steam  vessels  as  a  class  is  increasing 
in  the  transportation  on  the  Great  Lakes,  while  the 
sailing  vessel  class  is  decreasing  in  importance.  Un- 
rigged craft  are  being  increasingly  used  for  transpor- 
tation purposes,  and  in  many  instances  are  of  larger 
average  capacity.  Table  4  gives  the  number,  gross 
tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels  on  the  Great  Lakes, 
classified  according  to  propulsion,  for  1916,  1906,  and 
1SS9.  Average  tonnage  per  vessel  and  average  value 
per  ton  are  also  shown  in  the  table. 


140 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  4. — Number,  Gross  Tonnage,  and  Value  op  Different 
Classes  op  Vessels:  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


CLASS  AND  CENSUS  TE.IR. 

Num- 
ber r.f 
vessels. 

Gross  ton- 
u;it;i>. 

Value  of  ves- 
sels. 

Avernce 
tonnage 

per 
vessel. 

Average 

value 

per  ton. 

Total: 

1916 

2,8.56 
2,990 
2.737 

2,737,491 

2,392,863 

920,294 

1174, 76.5, 528 
130, 805,  mo 
48,580.174 

9.59 

800 
336 

$64 

1906 

55 

1889 

53 

Steam:  > 
1916 

1,.837 
1,676 
1,467 

162 
531 
962 

857 
783 
308 

2,410,430 

1,915,786 

595,813 

145,4.50 
265,571 
185,081 

181,611 
211, .51 16 
139,400 

162,256,3.55 
116,983,812 
40,868,824 

4,3.51,287 
7,135,271 
4,238,850 

8,1.57,884 
6,686,5.57 
3, 472, 500 

1,312 

1,1« 

406 

898 
500 
192 

212 
270 
453 

67 

1906 

61 

1889 

69 

Sail: 

1916 

30 

1906 

27 

1S89 

23 

UnriKged: 

1916 

45 

1908 

32 

1889 

25 

1  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

Dligram  1. — Gross  Tonnage  op  All  Vessels,   by  Classes: 
1916,  190G,  and  1889. 


MUNOREOS  OF  TmOUIANDS  OW  TONS 


^^uhwrOMO 


onoti  tdnnaoc  rei0 


Diaqbau  2. — Value  of  All  Vessels,  by  Classes:  1916, 1906, 
AND  1889. 


leie 
leoe 


r^^F^^^^ 


;  ,>^^  UNmooco 


VALUE  OF    VESSELS  IIK 
UNHIOOED  -. 


The  figures  in  Table  4  show  the  steady  increase  in 
the  number  and  gross  tonnage  of  steam  vessels  for 
the  three  census  periods,  and  illustrate  the  trend  of 
Great  Lakes  transportation  development  toward 
greater  size  and  tonnage.  The  average  tonnage  of 
steam  vessels  advanced  from  406  tons  in  1S89  to  1,143 
in  1906  and  1,312  in  1916.  The  value  of  the  steam 
vessels  increased  from  S40,868,824  in  1889  to  $116,- 
983,812  in  1906  and  to  8162,256,355  m  1916;  the 
average  value  per  ton  increased  from  $61  in  1906  to 


$67  in  1916.  The  value  of  the  steam  vessels  formed 
92.8  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  all  lake  carriers  in 
1916.  Tlie  number  of  sail  vessels  decreased  from 
531  in  1906  to  162  in  1916,  or  69.5  per  cent,  while  the 
gross  tonnage  and  the  value  decreased  45.2  per  cent 
and  39  per  cent,  respectively.  Umigged  craft,  al- 
though increasing  in  number,  decreased  in  total  gross 
tonnage,  the  average  tonnage  decreasing  from  270 
to  212  per  vessel. 

The  Bureau  of  Navigation  compiles,  annually,  sta- 
tistics similar  to  those  given  in  Table  4,  and  these  are 
shown  for  each  five-year  period  from  1870  to  1916 
in  Table  5. 

Table  5. — Number  and  Gross  Tonnage  op  Different  Classes 
op  Vessels,  with  Average  Tonnage  per  Vessel:  1870  to 
1916.' 


STEAM.* 

SAIL. 

UinUCGED. 

Aver- 

Aver- 

Aver- 

YEAR, 

Num- 

age 

ton- 

Num- 

age 
ton- 

Num- 

age 

ton- 

ber  of 

Gross 

ber  of 

Oross 

ber  of 

Gross 

ves- 

tonnage. 

ves- 

tonnage. 

ves- 

tonnage. 

sels. 

ves- 
sel. 

sels. 

per 
ves- 
sel. 

sels. 

per 

ves- 
sel. 

1916 

2,319 

2, 441, .168 

1,053 

190 

182,117 

959 

402 

120,912 

301 

1911 

2,152 

2,560,205 

1,  100 

320 

22S,  2U9 

7i:i 

354 

104,702 

29B 

1906 

1,824 

l,8:i8,  i;i6 

1,008 

611 

26S,5S5 

526 

230 

75,914 

3.30 

1900 

1,719 

1,106,842 

644 

813 

333,906 

411 

233 

82,109 

362 

1895 

1,7.37 

854,018 

492 

1,066 

298,297 

280 

1.57 

48,649 

310 

1890 

1,.507 

648, 725 

430 

l,2:i6 

326,077 

264 

174 

29,301 

168 

1885 

1, 154 

332,  .365 

288 

1,282 

310,383 

242 

198 

41,876 

211 

1880 

912 

209,465 

230 

1,415 

302,264 

214 

202 

45,766 

227 

1875 

869 

197,073 

227 

1,645 

335,822 

204 

2,075 

238,740 

115 

1870 

625 

136,980 

219 

1,545 

254,819 

165 

2,384 

237,287 

100 

*  Reports  of  the  Commissioner  of  Navigation,  1885  and  subsequent  years,  and 
"Commerce  and  Navigation  of  the  United  States,"  Treasury  Department,  1880  and 
preceding  years. 

3  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

The  figures  shown  in  Table  5  are  not  comparable 
with  those  tabulated  in  Table  4,  as  explained  in  the 
introduction  to  this  section  of  the  report;  however, 
they  furnish  an  excellent  basis  for  tracing  the  growth 
of,  and  changes  in,  lake  tonnage  during  the  past  half 
centurj-. 

The  great  growth  and  development  in  the  steam 
tonnage  of  the  Great  Lakes  is  illustrated  by  the 
remarkable  increase  in  gross  tonnage,  from  136,980 
tons  in  1870  to  1,106,842  in  1900,  and  by  the  further 
advance  to  2,441,368  gross  tons  in  1916.  The  slight 
decline  in  tonnage  in  1916  is  due  to  the  transfer  of 
vessels  from  the  Great  Lakes  to  the  seaboard  to  meet 
war  demands,  but  from  1911  until  1914,  when  the  war 
began,  the  steam  tonnage  on  the  Great  Lakes,  as 
shown  by  the  Bureau  of  Navigation,  represented 
practically  50  per  cent  of  the  steam  tonnage  en- 
rolled and  registered  for  the  United  States. 

CONSTEUCTION. 

The  transition  of  vessel  propulsion  from  sail  to 
steam  has  been  accompanied  by  a  change  in  construc- 
tion from  wood  to  metal.  It  is  an  interesting  fact  in 
connection  with  construction  of  vessels  that  all  the 
metal  vessels  built  in  1916  were  steel  vessels.     The 


GREAT  LAKES  AND  ST.  LA^VRENCE  RIVER. 


141 


number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of  vessels  engaged   i 
in  Great  Lakes  commerce,  by  character  of  construc- 
tion, for  1916,  1906,  and  1S89,  are  shown  in  Table  6. 

Table  6. — Number,  Gross  Tonnage,  and  Value  of  Vessels, 
BY  Character  of  Construction:  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


CHARACTER  OF  CON- 
STRUCTION AND  CENSUS 
TEAK. 

Number 
of  vesaels. 

Gross 
tomiage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Average 
tonnatje 
per  ves- 
sel. 

Average 

value 

per  ton. 

Total: 

1916 

2,8.56 
2, 90O 
2,737 

2,737,491 

2,392,8.;3 

920,294 

$174,765,526 
130,805,640 
48,580,174 

959 
ROO 
3.16 

$64 

1906 

55 

1889 

53 

Metal: 

1916 

832 
572 
85 

1,993 

2,391 
2,641 

31 

27 
U 

2,353,777 

1,634,153 

111,410 

341,603 
737, 3S6 
794, 128 

42,111 
21,324 
14, 7.56 

155,231,482 
105,72'.1,416 
10,574,224 

13,550,105 
24,075,474 
36,777,950 

3,983,9.39 
1,000,750 
1,228,000 

2,829 
2,«6 
1,311 

171 

308 
301 

1,358 

790 

1,341 

66 

1906 

64 

1889 

95 

Wood: 

1916 

46 

1906 

33 

1889 

46 

Composite: 

1916 

95 

1906 

47 

1889 

83 

Diagram  3. — Gross  Tonnage  of  All  Vessels,  by  Character 
op  Construction:  1916,  190G,  and  1889. 


OREDS  OF  THOUSANDS  OF    T0N9 


CROSS    TONNAGE    1010 
COMPOSITE  ^ 


Diagram  4. — Value  of  All  Vessels,  by  Character  of  Con- 
struction: 1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


leie 

1906 


MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 

too 


¥///////m/////////,^& 


i^*°OD 


VALUE   OP  VESSELS    lOie 
COMPOSITE 
S3, 983.930 


Table  6  shows  that  in  1SS9,  except  for  a  negligible 
number,  all  the  vessels  on  the  Great  Lakes  were  con- 
structed of  wood,   and  while  in   1916   the  gi-eatest 


number  was  wood,  the  proportion  had  decreased  from 
96.5  per  cent,  as  showai  for  1SS9,  to  69.8  per  cent. 
The  average  tonnage  of  wooden  vessels  decreased 
from  301  gross  tons  in  1889  to  171  tons  in  1916.  Metal 
vessels  which  numbered  only  85  in  the  Great  Lakes 
traffic  in  1889  numbered  832  in  1916,  an  increase  of 
878.8  per  cent.  The  tonnage  of  this  class  of  vessels 
increased  from  10,574,224  gross  tons  in  1889  to  155,- 
231,482  in  1916,  or  nearly  fifteen  fold,  the  average 
tonnage  increasing  from  1,311  in  1889  to  2,829  in  1916. 
Table  7  shows  data,  as  compiled  by  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Navigation,  similar  to  those  shown  in  Table  6, 
but  for  more  extended  period. 

Table  7. — Number  and  Gross  Tonnage  op  Metal  and  Wooden 
Vessels,  with  Average  Tonnage  per  Vessel:  1875  to  1916.' 


METAL. 

WOODEN. 

YEAR. 

Nimiber 
of  vessels. 

Gross 
totmage. 

Average 

tomiage 

per  vessel. 

Number 
of  vessels. 

Gross 
tozmage. 

Average 

tonnnge 

pervessel. 

1916 

814 

799 

513 

318 

190 

88 

34 

18 

16 

2,375,297 

2,360,323 

1,526.506 

686,075 

300,618 

127,926 

34,028 

15,973 

15,585 

2,814 
2,954 
2,811 
2,159 
1,582 
1,454 
1,001 
887 
974 

2,067 
2,027 
2,022 
2,447 
2,770 
2,829 
2,600 
2,511 
4,373 

369,100 
532, 793 
656,129 
836,182 
900,316 
876,177 
650,596 
541,522 
756,0.50 

179 

1911 

263 

1906 

324 

1900 

342 

1895 

325 

1890 

310 

1885 

230 

1S.S0  . 

216 

1875 

165 

I  Reports  of  the  Commissioner  of  Navigation,  18S5  and  subsequent  years,  and 
"Commerce  and  Navigation  of  the  United  States,"  Treasury  Department,  1875 
and  18S0. 

In  1875  metal  construction  of  documented  lake 
vessels  had  made  a  modest  beginning  of  15,585  gross 
tonnage.  By  1900  metal  tonnage  on  the  Lakes  had 
grown  to  686,675  tons,  thence  increasing  to  2,375,297 
tons  in  1916,  or245.9  per  cent.  Construction  of  wooden 
vessels,  meanwliile,  declined  until  the  average  size 
of  such  boats  was  only  179  tons  in  1916,  and  the  craft 
were  mainly  sailboats,  ferries,  fishing  boats,  laxmches, 
and  lighterage  barges. 

Table  8  shows  gross  and  net  tonnage  of  all  vessels 
on  the  Great  Lakes,  with  their  value  and  the  horse- 
power of  engmes,  classified  according  to  construction 
and  method  of  propulsion,  for  1916  and  1906. 

There  were  690  steam  and  motor  vessels  of  metal 
construction  operating  on  the  Great  Lakes  in  1916, 
with  a  gross  tonnage  of  2,210,779,  valued  at 
$148,344,980,  as  compared  with  489  steam  and 
motor  vessels  of  1,489,481  gross  tonnage,  valued  at 
$99,405,123,  in  1906. 

The  figures  show  a  growth  of  approximately  50  per 
cent  in  both  tonnage  and  value  of  the  metal  fleet  of 
steam  vessels  on  the  Lakes  from  1906  to  1916.  As  the 
increase  in  the  gross  tomiage  of  all  steam  and  motor 
vessels  amoimted  to  25.8  per  cent,  the  increase  of  50 
per  cent  for  metal  vessels  illustrates  the  greater 
importance  of  these  vessels.  The  horsepower  of 
engines  \ised  for  the  metal  steam  and  motor  craft 
increased  34.7  per  cent  from  1906  to  1916. 


142 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  8.- 


-NUMBER  OF  VESSELS,  TONNAGE,  HORSEPOWER  OF  ENGINES,  AND  VALUE,  BY  CHARACTER  OF  CON- 
STRUCTION AND  CLASS:  1916  AND  1906. 


NTJIHER  OF 

TONJJAnE. 

CHARACTER  OF  CONSTRUCTION  AND  CLASS. 

VESSELS. 

Gross. 

X 

n. 

1916 

1908 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1900 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

Total 

2.856 

2,990 

2,737,491 

2.392.863 

2,111,205 

1,905,176 

1,066,169 

982,555 

$174,765,526 

$130,805,640 

Uetal                                      

832 
672 

18 

7 

117 

IS 

1,993 

457 
664 

96 
735 

41 

31 
24 
2 

572 
1489 

4' 

48 
31 

2,391 
11,172 

■"■"ios' 

725 
86 

27 
lis 

2' 

10 

2.353,777 

2,209,868 

911 

23,413 

67,488 
62,097 

341,603 
148,833 
11,1.57 
30,  770 
121,673 
29,170 

42,111 

39,626 

35 

1,6.34,1.53 

11,489,481 

1,796,159 

1,660,671 

720 

21,3.59 

54.327 

59,082 

287,710 

110.277 

8,850 

29,3.34 
111,967 

27,312 

27,3.36 

25,409 

32 

1,259,307 
11,124,736 

861,996 

859,691 

2,305 

640,011 
1640,011 

1.55.231,482 

148,102,.^30 

242,6,50 

961,978 

3,  .514, 511 

2,380,013 

15,. 550, 105 
7,777,412 
2,300,0?4 

579,689 
4,463,373 

429,307 

3,983,939 

3, 827, ','39 

6,000 

10,5,729,416 

199,405,123 

Motor 

Sail                                            

4,410 
33,287 
106, 975 

737,386 
1410,104 

3,984 
31,030 
99,557 

628,7.50 
1315,469 

251,300 

1,691,534 

4,381,459 

24,07,5,474 

161,399 

133,940 

27,459 

334,002 
1334,092 

116,677,489 

Siil 

ioi.ise 

173,119 
53,027 

21,324 
1  16,201 

95. 8HS 
167,308 
50,085 

17,119 
112,023 

1,607,787 

4,897,773 

892,425 

42,774 

42,739 

35 

8,4.52 
18,452 

1,000,750 

Steam 

1  901 , 200 

23 

5,100 

21 
5,075 

2,300 

5 

2,450 

1,89,5 

156,666 

97,250 



1 

1  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinerj-. 


TONNAGE   OF   VESSELS. 


The  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Navigation  for 
1916  presents  the  geographic  distribution  of  steam 
vessels  of  5,000  gross  tons  and  over,  as  follows:  Great 
Lakes,  173  vessels  of  1,119,690  gross  tons;  Atlantic  and 
Gulf  coasts,  133  vessels  of  890,000  tons;  and  Pacific 
coast,  26  vessels  of  172,305  tons.  According  to  this. 
Great  Lakes  commerce  in  1916  employed  a  larger  num- 
ber of  vessels  of  5,000  gross  tons  or  over  and  a  greater 
tonnage  than  the  Atlantic,  Gulf,  and   Pacific   coasts 


combined.  These  reports  also  show  that  the  first  lake 
steam  vessels  of  5,000  tons  appeared  in  1901,  when 
15  were  documented,  with  an  aggregate  of  79,157 
gross  tonnage.  In  1906  there  were  63  of  these  vessels, 
with  a  tonnage  of  386,427,  and  in  1916  they  numbered 
173,  with  1,119,690  aggregate  gross  tonnage.  Table 
9  shows,  as  reported  to  the  Census  Bureau,  the 
number  and  gross  tonnage  of  steam,  motor,  sail, 
and  unrigged  vessels,  classified  according  to  tonnage, 
for  1916. 


Table  9.— ALL  VESSELS  GROUPED  ACCORDING  TO  GROSS  TONNAGE:  1916. 


TOTAL. 

STEAM. 

MOTOR. 

SAIL. 

UNRIGGED. 

CLASS. 

Numhcr 
of  vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Numhor 
of  vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Number 
of  vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Number 
of  vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Number 
of  vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Total 

3,462 

2,747,687 

1.362 

2,404,763 

1,081 

15,883 

162 

145,450 

857, 

181,611 

1,724 
398 
210 
163 

120 

75 

188 
43 

55 
70 
32 

82 

122 
43 
95 
42 

28,204 
30,011 
31.262 
38,861 

42,150 
33,852 
132.071 
53,748 

95,196 
158,437 

88,077 
293,716 

558,000 
234,207 
614,959 
314,936 

375 

200 

65 

42 

39 
23 
85 
34 

60 
59 
29 
65 

119 
40 
95 
42 

10,568 
15,251 
9,312 
10,158 

13, 4M 

10,495 
62,019 
43,319 

86,444 
133,Sin5 

80.031 
236,579 

544,320 
219,0.so 
614, 9.59 
314,93(5 

1,015 

28 

6 

12,717 

1,878 
805 
403 

49 
4 
7 

7 

7 
12 
40 

4 

3 
7 
2 
14 

3 
3 

738 

297 

1,188 

1,706 

2,523 
5,616 
26,378 
4,731 

5,470 
15,  S79 

5,443 
46,674 

13,680 
15, 127 

255 
166 
132 
112 

74 

40 

63 

5 

2 
4 
1 
3 

4,181 

12,585 

100  to  199  tons                                 

19,9.57 

200  to  299  tons 

26,534 

26, 143 

400  to  499  tons 

17,741 

43,  674 

1  000  to  1  499  tons 

6,698 

1  500  to  1.999  tons 

3,282 

2  000  to  2  499  tons 



8,753 

2,600 

S  nno  tn.1  QQQ  tonsi 

10,463 

5  000  to  5  999  tons 

6  000  to  6  999  tons 

I 


Table  9  shows  that  there  were,  in  1916,  42  Great 
Lakes  steamers  of  7,000  gross  tons  and  over,  with  an 
aggregate  of  314,936  tons,  compared  with  9  vessels  of 
this  class,  with  a  tonnage  of  64,338  tons,  in  1906. 
The  increase  in  tonnage  amounted  to  389.5  per  cent 
during  the  decade.  All  vessels  of  6,000  gross  tons  and 
over  were  steam  vessels,  but  3  of  the  43,  with  a  ton- 


nage   between    5,000    and 
vessels. 


6,000    tons,    were   sailing 


VALUATION  OF  VESSELS. 


The  value  of  active  lake  carriers  in  1916,  as  shown 
by  Table  1,  was  $174,765,526,  as  compared  with  $130,- 
805,640  in  1906,  showing  an  increase  for  the  decade 


o 
a. 


142-1 


142-2 


GREAT  LAKES  AND  ST.  LAWRENCE  RIVER. 


143 


of  33.6  per  cent.  The  value  of  steam  and  unriggetl 
craft  increased  dxiring  the  same  period  38.7  per  cent 
and  22  per  cent,  respectively;  the  value  of  sail  ves- 
sels, however,  decreased  39  per  cent,  due  to  the 
large  decrease  in  the  number  of  these  vessels,  the 
average  value  having  practically  doubled  between  1906 
and  1916.  Tables  1  and  4  of  this  section  show  the 
value  of  steam,  sail,  and  xmrigged  craft  separately  for 
1916,  1906,  and  1889,  and  Table  6  shows  the  value  of 
metal,  wood,  and  composite  craft  separately.  The 
percentage  of  the  total  value  represented  by  each 
group  of  vessels,  classified  by  method  of  propulsion 
and  also  by  character  of  construction,  is  shown  in 
Table  10. 

Table  10. — Value  op  Vessels — Per  Cent  of  Total,  by  Class 
AND  Character  op  Construction:  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


CLASS  AND  CHARACTER  OF  CONSTRUCTION. 


Class  of  vessel: 

Steam' 

Motor 

Sail 

Unrigged 

Character  of  construction: 

Metal 

Wood 

Composite 


PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL  VALUE. 


1916 


91.4 
1.5 
2.5 

4.7 

88.8 
8.9 
2.3 


190« 


89.4 


5.5 
5.1 


1889 


84.1 


8.7 
7.1 

21.7 

75.7 

2.5 


'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery  in  1906  and  18S9. 


The  increasing  substitution  of  steam  power  for 
sad,  and  of  metal  for  other  materials  used  in  construc- 
tion, is  well  indicated  in  Table  10.  Schooner  barges 
compose  a  part  of  the  2.5  per  cent  that  the  value 
of  the  sailing  vessels  forms  of  the  total  value  of  all 
vessels,  and  the'  elimination  of  these  reduces  the 
proportion  for  1916  to  nine-tenths  of  1  per  cent, 
the  corresponding  percentage  for  1906  being  1.4. 

The  average  value  per  gross  ton  of  steam  vessels, 
as  shown  in  Table  4,  was  §61  in  1906  and  $67  in  1916, 
a  slight  increase.  There  was  also  an  increase  in  the 
average  value  per  ton  of  sailing  vessels,  from  §27  in 
1906  to  $30  in  1916,  and  in  unrigged  vessels,  from 
$32  per  gross  ton  in  1906  to  $45  in  1916.  The  average 
values  per  ton  for  metal,  wooden,  and  composite 
vessels  were  $64,  $33,  and  $47,  respectively,  in  1906, 
and  $66,  $46,  and  $95  in  1916. 

GOVERNMENT   VESSELS. 

The  cities  of  Chicago,  Buffalo,  Cleveland,  Detroit, 
and  Milwaukee  own  and  operate  boats  for  fire  protec- 
tion and  other  purposes,  and  a  few  of  the  states  border- 
ing on  the  Great  Lakes  do  likewise  for  governmental 
purposes.  The  principal  statistics  for  craft  owned 
by  city  or  state  governments  and  operated  on  the 
Great  Lakes  are  shown  in  Table  11. 


Table  11.— VESSELS  OWNED  AND  OPERATED  BY  STATE  AND  CITY  GOVERNMENTS:  1916. 


CITT,  STATE,  AND  CLASS  OF  VESSEL. 

Number 

of 
vessels. 

TONNAGE. 

KIND  OF  CRAFT. 

Horse- 
power 

of 
cngmes. 

CONSTRUCTION. 

Value 

of 
vessels. 

EMPLOYEES. 

Gross. 

Net. 

Steam. 

Motor. 

Unrigged. 

Metal. 

Wood. 

Number. 

Wages. 

Aeerecate        

50 

5,637 

3,779 

23 

12 

15 

11,677 

16 

'34 

tl,  413, 111 

376 

»432,893 

Chicago           

28 
6 

22 
3 
4 
2 
2 
2 
4 

3 
2 

1 
1 
2 

3,586 
1,271 
2,315 
431 
362 
221 
141 
408 
6U 

58 
43 
76 
43 
19 

2,489 
276 

2,213 
252 
221 
116 
105 
237 
405 

42 
43 
44 
29 
17 

9 
6 
3 
3 
3 
2 
1 
2 
4 

5 

14 

4,4P0 

3,570 

920 

1,550 

612 

500 

112 

1,847 

2,800 

134 
40 

l.W 
14 
40 

7 
3 
4 
3 
2 
2 

21 
3 

18 

661,768 
430,317 
231,451 
185,000 
109,600 
100,000 
9,600 
190,793 
238,000 

8,800 

30O 

10,000 

7,000 

1,S50 

198 
85 

113 
46 
40 
26 
14 
18 
59 

7 

200.545 
123,317 
77,228 
60,700 
48,201 
32,900 
15,301 
34,980 
75,146 

4,999 

Fire  Ijoats 

All  other 

5 

14 

Buffalo,  fire  boats : 

1 

2 

Fire  boats 

Another 

1 

2 

Detroit,  fire  boats 

2 
2 

Milwaukee,  fire  boats 

"2 

3 
2 

1 
1 
2 

Michigan. 

3 
1 

NewYorlc 

1 

Ohio 

1 

1 

4 
4 

3,522 
4,800 

Wisconsin 

2 

'  Includes  one  "composite.' 


The  craft  shown  separately  in  Table  11  are  included 
in  the  statistics  shown  in  other  tables.  In  1916  the 
total  number  of  these  craft  was  50,  while  the  numl)er 
reported  in  1906  was  38,  an  increase  of  12  during  the 
decade.  Chicago  reported  the  largest  number  of  ves- 
sels owned  by  any  city,  an  increase  of  4  from  1906  to 
1916—1  fire  boat  and  3  boats  for  other  purposes.  The 
city  of  Milwaukee  also  reported  2  more  vessels  in  1916 
than  in  1906. 

FISHING    VESSELS. 

As  previously  stated  in  this  report,  statistics  of  fish- 
ing vessels  were  not  collected  at  the  census  of  1906, 
and  therefore  have  not  been  included  in  the  number 


of  vessels  shown  in  the  comparative  tables  of  the 
present  report.  Table  12  gives  the  principal  statistics 
for  fishing  vessels,  arranged  by  tonnage  groups,  for 
1916. 

There  were  606  steam  and  motor  vessels  engaged  in 
fishing  in  1916.  These  had  a  gross  tonnage  of  10,196 
and  were  valued  at  $1 ,190,866.  There  was  an  average 
of  3  pei-sons  employed  on  each  of  these  vessels  and  the 
aggregate  wages  paid  was  $949,562,  while  the  income 
from  the  fishing  on  the  Great  Lakes  was  reported  as 
$2,129,489.  The  table  shows  the  majority  of  the  fish- 
ing vessels  were  motor  vessels  and  only  19  of  the  entire 
number  were  of  more  than  50  gross  tons. 


144 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 

Table  12.— FISHING  VESSELS:  1916. 


Number 

of 
vessels. 

Gross 
tons. 

Value. 

Gross 
income. 

Number 

employed 

on 

vessels. 

Wages. 

AVERAGE  PEE  VESSEL. 

Average 
wages 
per  em- 
ployee. 

Tons. 

Value. 

moome. 

Number 

employed 

on 

vessels. 

Wages. 

Total 

606 

10,196 

$1,190,866 

52,129,489 

1,807 

$949,  .562 

17 

$1,965 

$3,514 

3 

$1,567 

$525 

Less  than  50  tons ,  gross 

50  tona  and  over,  gross 

587 
19 

8,999 
1,197 

1,058,048 
132,818 

1,913,515 
215,974 

1,667 
140 

849,  S23 
99,739 

15 
63 

1,802 
6,990 

3,260 
11,367 

3 
7 

1,448 
5,249 

510 
712 

209 
191 
18 

397 

396 

1 

6,436 
5,289 
1,147 

3,760 

3,710 

50 

825,643 
637,025 
128,618 

365,223 

361,023 

4,200 

1,335,195 

1,127,721 

207,474 

794,294 

785,794 

8,500 

1,070 
935 
135 

737 

732 

5 

657,516 

561,617 

95,899 

292,046 

288,206 

3,840 

31 
28 
64 

9 

9 

50 

3,950 
3,649 
7,145 

920 

912 

4,200 

6,388 
S,!«4 
11,526 

2,001 
1,984 
8,500 

5 

5 

8 

2 
2 
5 

3,146 
2,940 
5,328 

736 

728 

3,840 

615 

601 

50  tons  and  over,  cross 

710 

Uotor           

396 

394 

768 

INCOME. 

Table  13  shows  the  gross  income  from  lake  shipping 
in  1916  and  1906,  segregated  according  to  source. 
In  1906  statistics  of  freight  shipments  for  the  Great 
Lakes  were  derived  from  the  reports  of  the  Bureau  of 
Statistics  of  the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor. 
For  the  present  report,  however,  the  Bureau  of  the 
Census  obtained  its  freight  statistics  directly  from 
vessel  owners. 

Table  13.— Gross  Income:  1916  and  1906. 


■ 

INCOME. 

Per  cent 
of 

1916 

1906 

increase.i 
1906-1916 

Total 

$85,095,887 

$65,274,702 

30.4 

Freight 

70,377,339 
6, 879, 0O5 
7,S39,*43 

62,076,533 
4,866,904 
8,331,265 

35.1 

Passengers 

41.3 

-5.9 

1  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 

Gross  earnings  of  the  Great  Lakes  fleet  were  $85,- 
095,887  in  1916,  compared  with  $65,274,702  in  1906, 
an  increase  of  30.4  per  cent  in  the  10  years. 

Freight  is  the  principal  source  of  income  of  lake 
vessels,  constituting  82.7  per  cent  of  the  total  income. 


The  increase  of  freight  revenue  for  1916  over  1906, 
however,  was  only  35.1  per  cent,  as  compared  vdth  an 
increase  of  65.8  per  cent  in  tonnage  of  freight  ship- 
ments. Length  of  haul  on  "through"  freight,  which 
is  the  dominating  factor  in  lake  shipments,  was  about 
the  same  in  1916  as  in  1906,  as  shown  by  reports  of  the 
Corps  of  Engineers,  United  States  Army.  Decrease  in 
lake  freight  rates — notably  on  iron  ore,  from  67  cents 
per  ton  in  1906  to  57  cents  in  1916,  for  the  haul  from 
Duluth-Superior  to  Lake  Erie,  and  on  coal  from  35 
cents  in  1906  to  30  cents  in  1916,  for  the  haul  from 
Lake  Erie  to  upper  lake  ports — apparently  was  effect- 
ive in  restricting  the  margin  of  increase  in  1916  over 
1906  shipping  income. 

FREIGHT. 

The  Great  Lakes  fleet  in  1916  handled  a  greater 
annual  tonnage  of  freight  shipments  than  the  vessels 
of  the  entire  Atlantic,  Gulf,  and  Pacific  seaboard. 
Lake  vessels  handled  98.9  per  cent  of  the  American 
production  of  iron  ore,  besides  a  large  percentage  of 
the  country's  coal,  grain,  and  flour. 

Table  14  is  a  comparative  statement,  for  1916,  1906, 
and  1889,  of  the  domestic  shipments  and  receipts  of 
the  principal  commodities  of  Great  Lakes  commerce. 


Table  14.— SHIPMENTS  AND  RECEIPTS  OF  DIFFERENT  COMMODITIES,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL  FOR  EACH 

COMMODITY:  1916,  1906,  AND  18S9. 


SHIPMENTS. 

RECEIPTS. 

COMMODITY. 

Tons  (2,000  pounds). 

Per  cent  of  total. 

Tons  (2,000  pounds). 

Per  cent  of  total. 

1916 

1906 

1889 

1916 

1906 

1839 

1916 

1906 

1889 

1916 

1906 

1889 

Total 

125,384,042 

175,609,649 

25,266,974 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

n25,384,042 

73,178,213 

2,5,936,132 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

Canned  goods 

14,951 

199,913 

30, 179,  847 

1,085,290 

117,  906 

5,969,521 

72,614,761 

1, 629, 756 

314,959 

184,188 
(•) 
7,506,4.52 
6,566,498 

m 

0.2 

24.1 

0.9 

0.1 

4.8 

57.9 

1.3 

0.3 

0.1 

""■■fi."6' 

4.4 

14, 951 

199,913 

30,179,847 

1,085,290 

117,906 

5,969,521 

72,614,761 

1,629,756 

314,969 

184,188 

7,506,4,52 
5,566,498 

0) 

0.2 

24.1 

0.9 

0.1 

4.8 

57.9 

1.3 

0.3 

0.1 

6.' 6' 
4.4 

Coal... 

117,575,467 
1,334,979 

4  6,105,799 

23.2 

1.8 

24.2 

15,532,715 
1,338,189 

•5,162,471 

21.2 

1.8 

19  9 

Flour 

3,689,329 
41.297,209 
3,615,140 

2,898,764 
7,677,107 
5,348,398 

4.9 

54.6 
4.8 

11.4 
30.4 
21.2 

3,463,472 
41,318,928 
3,497,110 

2,503,063 
7,626,073 
6,857,257 

4.7 

56.5 

4.8 

9.7 

Iron  ore . 

29.4 

26.4 

Pig  iron  and  steel  rails 

•  414,110 
567,988 

0.5 

0.8 

■■"'i.'o' 

6  434,178 

554,811 

0.6 

0.8 

Salt 

252,837 

296, 513 

l.l 

7,115,429 

2, 984, 069 

9.4 

11.8 

7,038,810 

3,490,755 

9.6 

13.5 

1  Includes  2.003.453  nft  tons  of  bunker  ooal. 
»  Does  not  include  6,083,046  tons  of  lighterage. 


>  T.ess  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 
*  Includes  coke. 


8  Bid  not  include  steel  rails  in  1906, 
•  Not  reported  separately. 


GREAT  LAKES  AND  ST.  LAWRENCE  RIVER. 


145 


Iron  ore  is  the  chief  factor  in  lake  freight  transpor- 
tation, representing  57.9  per  cent  of  the  total  ship- 
ments in  1916,  compared  with  54.6  per  cent  in  1906 
and  30.4  per  cent  in  1889.  Iron  ore  shipments 
reached  a  total  of  72,614,761  short  tons  in  1916,  com- 
pared with  41,297,209  in  1906,  an  increase  of  31,317,- 
552  tons,  or  75.8  per  cent.  Coal,  likewise,  showed 
marked  gains,  30,179,847  tons  being  reported  for 
shipments  in  1916,  compared  with  17,575,467  in  1906, 
an  increase  of  12,604,380  tons,  or  71.7  per  cent.     Ship- 


ments of  lumber  have  continued  to  decrease.  Aggre- 
gate freight  shipments  amounted  to  125,384,042  net 
tons  in  1916,  compared  with  75,609,649  in  1906  and 
25,266,974  in  1889.  The  percentage  of  increase  was 
65.8  per  cent  for  1916  over  1906,  and  of  396.2  per  cent 
for  1916  over  1889. 

Tonnage,  by  ports. — Table  15  is  a  comparative 
statement,  for  1916,  1906,  and  1889,  of  domestic 
shipments  and  receipts  of  freight  by  principal  ports 
on  the  Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River. 


Table  15.— SHIPMENTS  AND  RECEIPTS  OF  FREIGHT  AT  PRINCIPAL  PORTS  ON  THE  GREAT  LAKES  AND  ST.  L.\.W- 
RENCB  RIVER,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL  SHOWN  FOR  EACH  PORT:  1916.  1906,  AND  1889. 


Total. 


Ashland,  Wis 

Ashtabula,  Ohio 

Buflfalo,  N.  Y 

Cheboypin,  Mich 

Chicago-South  Chicago,  111 


Cleveland,  Ohio 

Conneaut.  Ohio 

Detn.it,  Mich 

Puluth-Superior*. .. 
Erie,  Pa 


Escanaba,  Mich 

Fairport,  Ohio 

Frankfort,  Mich 

GhKistnnc,  Mich 

Grand  Haven,  Mich . 


Green  Bav.  Wis 

Hancock-Houghton, Mich. 1 

Huron,  Ohio 

Kewaunee,  Wis 

Lorain,  Ohio 


TOTAL  FREIGHT  TONTfACF.   HAN- 
DLED AT  PORT. 


1916 


Ludin.^on,  Mich. . 

Manistee,  Mich 

Manistique,  Mich.. 
Manitowoc,  Wis... 
Marine  City,  Mich . 


Marquette,  Mich... 
Mennniinee,  Mich.. 
Mihvaukee,  Wis. . . 
Muskegon,  Mich 


Ogdensburg,  N.  Y. 

( Jsweg  1,  N.  Y 

Port  Huron,  Mich . 
Racine,  Wis 


Sandusky,  Ohio 

SaultSte.  Marie,  Mich. 

Slieboygan.  V/is 

Toledo,  Ohio 


Tonawanda  Harbor . 
Tu-o  HLirb_rs,  Minn. 

Wish  burn,.  Wis 

All  other  ports 


10,030,144 
17,429,436 
19,31('.,e46 
32,4?4 
14,329,920 

16,402,987 
12,  .563,  823 

1,740,3W 
52, 787, 52.i 

3, 927, 580 

8, 477,  762 

3,947,084 

1,947,790 

76,511 

717,201 

623,287 
1.306.215 
2, 440. 934 

331,607 
8,384,656 

1,662,143 
82,297 

593,067 
1,809,263 

100,482 

4,712,482 

425, 242 

7,929,084 

87,291 

360,422 
048,858 
212, 130 
130,516 

2,9.51.843 

1,413,046 

6.i4.  S32 

9,157,292 

399,059 
12,189,260 

211,779 
28,223,479 


1906 


4,407,031 

10,1.57.785 

14,345.007 

172.403 

10,357,038 

11.670,328 
6,972.996 
1.1.84.862 

29, 369, 200 
3, 900, 739 

6.937.210 

2,  .506,  903 

831,161 

546.531 

420, 541 

726.958 
526.  ,5.54 

1,6.59.690 
143,466 

4,211,733 

1,663,718 
521,841 
499. 3.50 

1,237,790 
81,054 

1,810,685 
200,924 

6,236,146 
119,877 

46.5,337 

54,777 

358, 077 

176,988 

9.54,290 

438, 9.54 

5:5.018 

4,167,813 

1,079,146 

9,316.743 

373.119 

7,452,079 


1889 


2,247.242 
2,695.180 
6,730,137 
218,940 
7, 984, 038 

3,621,570 

0) 

764.553 

2,294.345 

1,271,988 

3, 626, 390 
99S. 459 

0) 
287.590 
169,546 

1.56.  810 
286,191 
70.  ISO 
32, 627 
620,773 

627,627 
629,910 
144.011 
113,377 
61,001 

1,710,885 

272,  .529 

1,935.808 

1,002,743 

662,904 
691,118 
170,073 
160,537 

602,403 

76,125 

lil.3S7 

1,4.36,991 

1,046,895 
9.36.541 
1SS..3P3 

4,532,289 


SHIPMENTS. 


Tons  (2,000  pounds). 


1916 


125,384,042 


>  75, 609,649 


11,892,074 
30. 952 
14,252,165 


1906 


1889 


25.266,974 


1, 759.  .S,S4 
489. 5So 

2, 683. 993 
194.417 
,914,065 

883, 862 

(1) 
148.803 
735.  491 
498, 958 

3, 430.  S.32 
59,438 

m 

155,234 
68,390 

55,441 
78.1-14 
58.486 
23,3.54 
273, 874 

351,398 
601,814 
140,321 
25,023 
15,425 

1, 567,  .539 
265, 103 
3.51,. 554 
851,440 

192, 860 

288, 271 
18,000 
1,225 

297,374 

39,062 

8,3:12 

930,640 


936,541 

133,301 

3,741,433 


Per  cent  rf  total. 


1916    1906    {889 


100.0 


7.4 
3.6 

2.8 

1.0 

2.3 
1.2 

0.2 

33.6 

1.4 

6.4 
0.4 
0.7 

(') 
0.2 

(=) 
0.1 
0.8 
0.1 
2.5 

0.8 

0  6 
(=) 

3.5 

0.2 
1.0 

r-) 

n 
0.5 

(■!) 
(  =  ) 


V-) 
5.4 


9.5 
11.4 


5.0 
3.3 
5.6 
0.2 
3.3 

4.5 
1.2 
0.3 
30.5 
1.4 

8.5 
0.4 
0.6 
0.3 
0.2 

0.1 
0.1 
1.0 
0.1 
2.2 

1.3 

0.6 
0.4 
0.8 
« 

2.0 
0.1 
1.6 
0.1 

0.1 

m 
0.3 
(') 

1.1 
0.3 
(') 
3.1 

?'> 

1.9 

0.2 
7.0 


100.0 


7.0 
1.9 

10.6 
0.8 

11.5 

3.5 


0.6 
2.9 
2.0 

13.6 
0.2 


0.6 
0.3 

0.2 
0.3 
0.2 
0.1 
1.1 

1.4 

2.4 
0.6 
0.1 
0.1 

6.2 
1.0 
1.4 
3.4 

0.8 
1.1 
0.1 
(') 

1.2 
0.2 
(') 
3.7 


3.7 
0.5 
14.8 


Tons  (2,000  pounds) 


Percent  of  total. 


>  Includes  2,003,4.53  net  tons  of  bunker  coal. 
*  I^ess  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

>  Not  reported. 

Table  15  shows  the  relative  standing  of  ports  with 
respect  to  the  freight  handled.  A  feature  of  lake 
transportation  is  the  excess  of  eastbound  over  west- 
bound tonnage.  Receipts  at  Lake  Erie  i)orts  out- 
weigh shipments,  wliile  on  Lake  Sujierior  shipments 
far  exceed  receipts. 

Duluth-Superior  Harbor,  at  the  western  head  of  the 
Great  Lakes  system,  had  the  distinction  in  1916  of 
shipping  a  greater  freight  tonnage  than  any  other 
116515°— 20 10 


■Tn-'ludos  West  Puperior. 

'Includes  Pi  rtoge,  Dollar  Bay,  Hubbcll,  Ripley,  and  lake  Linden. 


vVmerican  port,  and  also  leads  among  lake  ports  in 
total  commerce  handled.  Shipments  from  that  port 
in  1916  in  American-owned  vessels  reachetl  42,082,083 
tons,  compared  with  23,079,956  tons  in  1906,  a  ten- 
year  growth  of  82.3  per  cent. 

Buffalo,  at  the  eastern  extremity  of  Lake  Erie, 
leads  other  lake  ports  in  freight  receipts,  with  a  total 
of  15,882,284  tons,  compared  with  13,456,252  tons 
received  at  Cleveland,    13,022,624  at   Chicago-South 


146 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Chicago,  12,908,252  at  Ashtabula,  11,120,763  at 
Conneaut,  and  10,705,442  at  Duluth-Superior.  The 
rate  of  growth  in  freight  receipts  at  BulTalo  was  56 
per  cent  from  1906  to  1916  and  291  per  cent  from 
,  1889  to  1916. 

Iron  ore. — Table  16  is  a  comparative  statement  of 
the  shipments  and  receipts  of  iron  ore,  by  principal 
ports,  for  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


Table  16. 


-Iron  Ore  Movement,  by  Ports: 
191G,  1906,  AND  1889. 


PORT. 

SHIPMENTS. 
(TONS  OF  2,000  POUNDS). 

RECEIPTS 
(TONS  or  2,000  POUNDS). 

1918 

1906 

1889 

1916 

1906 

1889 

72,614,761 

41,297,209 

7,677,107 

72,614,761 

41,318,928 

7,626,073 

9,238,903 

3,627,593 
3,102 
18,637 

1,663,021 

Ashtabula 

12,828,167 
8,709,166 

8,796,378 

12,289,920 

11,084,463 

434,210 

7,  ,534, 108 
5,186,744 

4,762,150 

7,461,495 

6,061,615 

177,000 

2, 199, 109 

333, 827 

Chicago-South    Chi- 

731,188 

Cleveland 

370 

26,644 

1,951,564 

(•) 

1,568 

19,193,615 

63 

6,335,682 

V) 

39,020,088 

10,691 

Erie 

1,925,743 

2,348,985 

418,426 

£scanaba.. 

7,975,814 

3,364,067 

3,099,579 
2,954,436 
1,400,964 
927, 073 
5,124,244 

2,052,538 

928,616 

Gary 

11,891 

871,697 

761 

lodiana  Harbor 

2,417,109 

335,162 

Miirqiiptfo 

4,323,740 

i, sis, 043 

10,285 

1,120 

1,586,656 

1,541,496 

Milwaukee...  . 

248,513 
18,737 

305,443 

124,312 

16,507 
13,811 

Presqiie  Isle 

35,861 

9,520 

1,611,004 

320,034 

208,411 

Sault  Ste.  Marie 

4,928 

37S, 66i 

2,121,198 

Toledo 

8,887 

97,  476 

448 

8,862,028 

121,190 

17, 166 

11,875,930 
147,081 

936,541 
145,339 

All  other  ports 

273, 969 

163,625 

269,364 

I  Not  reported. 

•  Separate  ligures  not  available  (included  in  "all  other  ports"). 

As  shown  in  connection  with  Table  14,  iron  ore  in 
1916  constituted  57.9  per  cent  of  total  lake  freight 
shipments,  and  Table  16  shows  there  was  carried 
from  Lake  Superior  ports  to  lower  lake  ports  a  record 
total  of  72,614,761  net  tons. 

The  records  of  iron  ore  shipments  and  receipts,  by 
ports,  for  the  years  1916,  1906,  and  1889  show  that 
Duluth-Superior  stands  as  the  leading  shipping  port 
for  iron  ore,  handling  over  one-half  of  the  total  lake 
shipments,  or  39,020,088  short  tons  in  1916,  as  com- 
pared with  19,193,515  tons  in  1906.  Two  Harbors, 
Mnn.,  is  second,  with  11,875,930  tons  of  ore  shipments ; 
followed  by  Ashland,  Wis.,  9,238,903  tons;  Escanaba, 
Mich.,  7,975,814  tons;  and  Marquette,  Mich.,  with 
4,323,740  tons. 

Of  the  iron  ore  receipts,  12,926,400  short  tons  in 
1916  went  to  Lake  Michigan  furnaces  at  South 
Chicago,  Gary,  Hammond  (Indiana  Harbor),  and 
Milwaukee;  while  58,583,444  short  tons,  or  80.7  per 
cent  of  the  total,  went  to  Lake  Erie  ports,  such  as 
Ashtabula,  Buffalo,  Cleveland,  Conneaut,  Erie,  Fair- 
port,  Huron,  Lorain,  and  Toledo,  to  supply  the 
furnaces  of  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  and  New  York,  and, 
in  particular,  the  Pittsburgh  steel  district.  The  steel 
development    at    lower    Lake    Michigan    industrial 


centers  is  indicated  by  a  growth  of  iron  ore  receipts 
from  855,500  tons  in  1889  to  5,067,593  tons  in  1906, 
and  to  12,926,400  tons  in  1916. 

As  an  indication  of  the  development  of  the  iron  and 
steel  industry,  iron  ore  receipts  of  Lake  Erie  j)ort3 
have  grown  steadily  from  6,264,941  short  tons  in 
1889  to  35,545,295  in  1906,  and  to  .58,583,444  in  1916, 
having  in  1916  increased  64.8  per  cent  since  1906,  and 
upwards  of  eightfold  since  1889. 

Coal. — Table  17  is  a  comparative  statement  of  the 
shipments  and  receipts  of  coal,  by  principal  ports, 
for  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 

Table  17.— Coal  Movement,  by  Ports:  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


PORT. 

SHIPMENTS    (TONS    OF    2,000 
POUNDS). 

RECEIPTS     (TONS     OF     2,000 
POUNDS). 

1916 

1906 

1889  < 

1916 

1906 

I889> 

Total . . . 

30,179,847 

M7,.?75,467 

6,105,799 

30,179,847 

15,532,715 

5,162,471 

Ashland 

310 
4,403,431 
2,872,409 
1,012,200 

14,087 

2,626,458 

1,387,907 

241,727 

350 

10,882 

1,663,170 

10,332 

46,747 

454,067 

259,775 

2,202 

2,477,885 

3,112,577 

180,634 

120,578 

2,905,506 

846,948 

115,598 

62,776 

17,720 

926,099 

8,649 

2,035 

276,328 

228,813 

60 

3,705 

386 

771,375 

773,801 
34,100 
76,329 

521,195 

201,241 

489,585 

2,1.56,670 

350,000 

Buffalo 

1,112 

Charlotte 

Chicago-South  Chi- 

1,625,045 

1,000 

19,000 

386,402 

61,127 

9,514,222 

938,151 
4,629 

1,329,364 

Cleveland 

825,030 

1,200 

C) 

Detour 

147,292 

26, 905 

5,330,119 

3,564 

141,900 

Duluth-Superior.... 
Erie 

1,205,000 

410,403 

483,220 
7,700 

512,672 

194,199 

Fair  Haven..  .. 

119,317 
59,438 

Fairport 

3,400 

125 

224,773 

380,757 

883,737 

Frankfort 

65 

74,059 

586,343 

1,165,003 

(3) 

122,000 

Green  Bav 

440 

200 

1,003,196 

12 
25,075 
56,000 

70,374 

Hancock-k  ought  on* 
Huron 

144,261 
235 

Indiana  Harbor. . . . 

398,259 
13 
48,529 
590,976 
368, 378 
5,277,070 
286,202 

3,133,971 

388,375 

15,152 

1,697,370 

613,948 

6,894 

175 

13,986 

1,752 

37,265 

749, 084 

32, 156 

578 

2,325,259 

1,859 

867 

134,800 

273,671 

Ludington 

20,893 
444,190 
273,443 
3,669,491 
192,569 
681 

4,583 

75,000 

Marquette 

126,  421 

2,323 

7,502 

577,563 

2,587,336 

885 

1,096 

6, 777, 728 

9,919 

14 

670,295 

907,743 

Oedensbure 

65,356 

282,098 

275,385 

1,000 

200 

650,000 

66,231 

Oswegn . 

Sandu.'^ky 

1,561 

Sault  Ste.  Marie'.... 

976,184 
618,727 
9,021 
296,962 
180,827 
6,321,283 

168, 082 
440,216 
23,957 
288, 935 
166,510 
878,872 

24,938 
60,000 

Toledo..    . 

93,36b 

Two  Harbors . . 

Wa.shbura. 

51,614 

All  other  ports 

62,995 

351,237 

1  Includes  coke. 

3  Includes  2,003,453  net  tons  of  bunker  coal. 

3  Not  reported. 

'  Inchides  Portage,  Dollar  Bay,  Hubbell,  Lake  Linden,  and  Ripley. 

»  Includes  St.  Marys  Falls. 

The  heavy  eastbound  iron  ore  movement  has  its 
complement  in  a  large  and  growing  westbound  coal 
movement,  the  coal  fiuriishing  return  cargoes  for  iron 
ore  carriers.  Lake  coal  shipments  increased  from 
6,105,799  tons  in  1889  to  17,575,467  in  1906,  and  to 
30,179,847  tons  in  1916.  In  other  words,  in  1916  the 
coal  movement  showed  an  increase  of  71.7  per  cent 
over  1906  and  394.3  per  cent  over  1889.  Toledo, 
Ashtabula,  Lorain,  Buffalo,  Cleveland,  Sandusky, 
Erie,  and  Conneaut,  in  the  order  named,  are  leading 
ports  of  coal  shipments  from  Lake  Erie,  while  Char- 
lotte (lake  port  for  Rochester,  N.  Y.)  is  the  principal 
coal  shipping  point  on  Lake  Ontario. 

The  leading  port  in  coal  receipts  was  Duluth-Superior, 
9,514,222  tons  being  received  in  1916,  compared  with 
5,330,119  in  1906  and  1,205,000  in  1889,  an  increase 


GREAT  LAKES  AND  ST.  LAWRENCE  RIVER. 


147 


for  1916  of  78.5  per  cent  over  1906  and  689.6  per  cent 
over  1889.  Milwaukee,  Chicago,  Hancock-Houghton, 
Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Ashland,  and  Sheboygan  follow,  in 
the  order  named,  in  tonnage  of  coal  receipts. 

Lumber. — Table  18  is  a  comparative  statement  of 
the  shipments  and  receipts  of  lumber,  by  principal 
ports,  for  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


Table  18. 


-Lumber    Movement,    by    Ports:  191G,    1906,    and 
1889. 


PORT. 

SHIPMENTS  (TONS  OF  2,000 
POUNDS). 

KECEIPTS    (TONS    OF    2,000 
POUNDS). 

1916 

1906 

1SS9 

1916 

1906 

1889 

1,629,7.56 

3,615,140 

5,348,398 

1,629,756 

3,497,110 

6, 857, 2.67 

6,662 

88,468 

2,804 

4,484 

1,626 

3,026 

1,270 

922,954 

1,656 

66,018 

199,136 

231,224 

10.5,610 

50,562 

114,060 

28,212 

33,072 

100 

374 

2,926 

1,757,658 

373,204 
481,596 

Bay  City . .           

47, 030 
260,097 
2011,006 
112,462 

77,527 
2,429 

64,084 
275,420 
810,814 
3.50, 200 
182,186 
6,516 

4,200 

Buffalo . . 

43,094 
1,650 

403, 951 

Chicago-South  Chicago. . . 

2,106 

1,092 

10,261 

13,110 

212,467 

258.620 

477,78.5 

5,625 

341,446 

265, 103 

2, 6SK, 004 
565,626 

314, 996 

Duluth.. 

447,526 

383 

Ludington .         .... 

19,230 
18,513 
212,571 
24,646 
89,685 
46, 162 

195, 805 
120 
8,557 
4,273 
5,186 
25,699 
2,801 

28i,  540 
860 
19,498 
6,410 
2,482 
143,912 
23,366 

8,126 
278 

Marinette  . 

Milwaukee... 

412,479 

846,615 
498,962 

119,630 

Oscoda 

2,058 

19,448 

353, 175 

304,083 

5,370 

75, 598 

712,918 

535,876 

283, 0.68 

Toledo 

466 

5,108 

282, 399 

Tona Wanda  Harbor.. 

1,029,729 

721,571 

1,564,399 

844,499 

Lumber,  which  in  1889  was  one  of  the  leading  com- 
modities of  Great  Lakes  commerce,  has  declinetl, 
until  in  1916  only  slightly  more  than  one-fourth  of  the 
1889  tomiage  was  handled  by  the  Great  Lakes  fleet. 
Of  the  separate  ports  showm  in  Table  IS,  Duluth, 
Manitowoc,  and  Menominee  are  the  principal  shipping 
ports  of  lumber,  while  Tonawanda  Harbor,  Buffalo, 
and  Chicago  lead  in  lumber  receipts. 

Grain. — ^As  stated  elsewhere,  the  statistics  of  freight 
for  the  Great  Lakes  in  1906  were  derived  from  the 
reports  of  the  Biu-eau  of  Statistics.  The  principal 
grains  only  were  shown,  and  therefore,  no  comparison 
can  be  made  by  ports,  as  the  Census  Office  in  1916 
collected  statistics  for  "gram." 

Table  19  shows  the  shipments  and  receipts  of  grain, 
by  principal  ports,  for  1916. 

There  was  a  large  eastbound  grain  movement 
through  the  Lakes  in  1916  to  meet  war  demands,  lake 
shipments  reaching  5,969,521  net  tons,  as  shown  in 
Table  19.  Duluth-Superior  was  the  principal  port  oi 
shipment,  handlmg  more  than  one-third  of  the  total 
grain    shipments.     Over    three-fourths    of    the   shiji- 


ments  were  destined  for  the  grain  terminals  at  Buffalo, 
there  to  be  reshipped  via  rail  and  the  Erie  Canal  for 
the  Atlantic  seaboard  and  for  Europe. 

Table  19. — Grain  Movement,  by  Ports:  1916. 


Total.. 


Ashtabula 

Buffalo 

Chicago-South  Chicago. 

Cleveland 

Detroit 

Duluth-Superior 

Erie 

Fairport 

Frankfort 

Kewaunee 

Lorain 

Ludington 

Manitowoc 

Milwaukee 

Ogdensburg 

Oswego 

Racine 

Toledo 

All  other  ports 


Shipments 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 


15,030 


027,128 

27,918 

15,217 

1,844,910 


804 
36,815 


3t3,207 

92, 256 

184,187 

369 


7,931 


3,080,559 


Receipts 
(tons  of 

2.000 
pounds). 


5,969,521 


5,460 
,636,503 
28,354 
42, 149 
30,931 
62,234 
11,544 
133,305 
76,469 


10,482 
170,663 
2,845 
40,690 
53,450 
63,2(M 


32,691 
568,547 


Freight,  hy  ports  and  commodities. — Table  20  pre- 
sents, by  principal  ports,  total  receipts  and  ship- 
ments of  the  leading  commodities  of  Great  Lakes 
commerce  for  1916. 

Among  the  commodities  aggregating  large  ton- 
nages, shown  in  Table  20  but  not  sho^vn  in  other 
tables,  is  "stone,  sand,  etc.,"  for  which  7,506,452  tons 
were  reported  as  shipped  on  the  Lakes,  this  item  rank- 
ing next  after  iron  ore  and  coal,  which  together 
amounted  to  102,794,608  tons  shipped  in  1916. 

Leading  ports  in  receipts  and  shipments  of  freight, 
with  principal  commodities  handled  bj'  each,  in  the 
order  of  their  importance  are:  Duluth-Superior,  iron 
ore  and  grain  shipped  and  coal  received;  Buffalo, 
iron  ore,  grain,  stone  and  sand,  etc.,  and  flour  received 
and  coal  and  miscellaneous  freight  shipped ;  Ashtabula, 
iron  ore  received  and  coal  shipped;  Cleveland,  iron  ore 
received  and  coal  shipped;  Chicago-South  Chicago,  iron 
ore,coal,  miscellaneous  freight,  and  lumber  received  and 
grain,  miscellaneous  freight,  and  petroleum  shipped; 
Conneaut,  iron  ore  received,  coal  shipped;  Two  Har- 
bors and  Ashland,  u'on  ore  shipped,  coal  received; 
Lorain,  iron  ore  received  and  coal  shipped;  Toledo, 
coal  shipped  and  iron  ore  received;  Escanaba,  iron 
ore  shipped  and  coal  received;  and  Milwaukee,  coal, 
miscellaneous  freight,  stone  and  sand,  etc.,  and  iron 
ore  received  and  miscellaneous  freight,  grain,  and 
flour  shipped. 


148 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  20.— SHIPMENTS  AND  RECEIPTS  AT  PRINCIPAL 

[Tons  of  2,000  pounds.) 


POET. 

TOTAL  FREIOHT. 

CA^fNED  OOODS. 

CEMENT,     BRICK, 
AND  LIME. 

COAL. 

KLOITE. 

FBUTTS    AND 
V  EQETABLES. 

Shipments. 

Receipts. 

Ship- 
ments. 

Ueceipts. 

Ship- 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Shipments. 

Receipts. 

l^l.    R«">ipt^- 

Ship- 
ments. 

Receipts. 

1 

Total 

125,384,042 

125,384,042 

14,9,51 

14,951 

199,913 

199,913 

30,179,847 

30,179,847 

1,085,290 

1,085,290 

117,906 

117,906 

? 

1,237,914 

9,256,271 
4,521,  IKl 
3,494,l'.n2 
3, 194, 144 

1,012,200 
1,307,291-, 
2,940,735 
l,443,0('iO 
245,099 

280,777 

42,as2,0S3 

1,728,024 

7,992,317 

514,05'! 

846,986 

624,212 

773,873 

12,908.2.52 

15,822,2S4 

5,816 

110,030 
3 

102 

.58,904 

619, 536 

773,801 

34,100 

76,329 

6,816 

^ 

,\snlandj  Wi.s 

2 

310 
4,403,431 
2,  .872,  409 



3 

4 

S 

HulT;ilo,  N.  Y 

CaUite,  Mich 

4,675 

6,099 

17 

801,709 

41 

fi 

7 

Charlotto.N.  Y 

1,012,200 

14,087 

2, 626,  458 

1,387,907 

241,727 

3,50 

10,882 

1,6(3,170 

10,332 

454,067 

259,775 

« 

Chicaeo-South  Chicago,  111. 
Clevolaml,  Ohio 

13,022,024 

13, 4,56, 252 

11,120,763 

390,596 

1,459,608 
10,705,442 
2, 199,  ,5.56 
485,445 
3,433,026 

1,100,804 

2,956,4m 

440,824 

612,893 

I,201,0ti8 

1,436,769 
1,579,731 

151,. 534 
5,2.50,415 

700,  536 

30,374 

216, 5.50 

1,020,371 

47,  958 

370,608 

243,719 
6,725,827 

|-.2,H0 
349.  "28 

05,902 

175,890 
102,  2,53 
3,52,  027 
1,382,005 
642,905 

2,344,369 
399, 0.59 
297, 1S6 
1V0,S27 

8,  50.S,  103 

93 

S9S 
3,285 

825 

6,202 
19,5S0 

1,625,045 

i.noo 

19,000 
3.S0,  402 

61,127 
9,514,222 

229,191 
3,592 

89,651 
51 

P 

37,273 

in 

Coniieaut,  Ohio 

8,964 

11 

Detour,  Mich 

4 

334 
2,927 

83 

1 

1 

1,100 
11,377 

1? 

Detroit,  Mich 

14,. 500 
68,  742 

It 

3 

459 
2,477 

643,356 

823 

14 

Erie,  I*a 

165,78? 

1") 

483,220 

1 

1 

1 

Ifi 

17 

Frankfort,  Mich 

65 

45 

6,627 

566 

IS 

Garv,  Ind 

1<) 

Grand  Haven,  Miih 

270,377 
10,394 
105,147 

1,004,165 
159,931 
ISO,  073 

3,134,241 
901,007 

51,923 

356,517 

78S,  S92 

52,526 

4,341,874 

181,. 523 

1,203,2.57 

25, 151 

10,  ,594 

582,896 

36,234 
28,  203 
2,599,216 
30,  SSI 
11,927 

6,812,923 

?n 

25 

8,000 
2,973 

440 
200 

1,003,196 

686,343 
1,165,003 

45 

65 

?i 

Uancock-lioughton,  Mich . 
Huron,  Ohio 

22 

M 

Indiana  Harbor,  Ind 

Iscwiiimee,  Wis 

398,259 

57,876 

13 

48,529 

24 

2,472 

20 

2S 

l.orain,  (^hio 

3,133,971 
388,375 

2fi 

Ludington,  Mich 

11,182 

49,549 

2,306 

181 

27 

Manistee,  Mich 

55 

?S 

Manistique,  Mich 

2,556 
15, 152 

56,701 
690,976 

47,677 
308,378 

1.50, 160 
5,277,070 

9,80 
20,584 

29 

25 

194 

an 

JlarineCitv,  Mich 

ai 

Marquette,  Mich 

380 

32 

Menominee,  Mich 

2 

6,606 

2.S0 
17 

480 
2,323 

200 

7,502 

577,563 

3,369 

242 

4,963 

13 

535 

67, 126 

173,365 

11,223 

34 

Muskegon,  Mich 

3S 

Ogdensburg,  N.  Y 

286,202 

47 

Sfi 

Oswego,  N.  Y 

37 

Port  Huron,  Mich 

7,104 

114,867 
66,0S2 

3S 

910 

3<l 

Panduskv,  Ohio 

331 
151 

2,587,3.36 

885 

1,096 

6,777,728 

4n 

SaultSte.  Marie,  Mich 

Sheboygan,  Wis 

10,000 

970, 184 
618,727 

9,021 

7,  <m 

296,902 

180,827 

5,270,719 

03 

114 

85 
160 

41 

4? 

Toledo,  Ohio 

10 

43 

44 

Two  Harbors,  Minn 

Washl)Urn,  Wis. 

11,892,074 

'in.  9.".2 

8,412,144 

9,919 
14 

710,437 

45 

4n 

.Ml  other  ports 

3,085 

209 

10,043 

12,393 

.01 

9,783 

113,808 

9,365 

Miscellaneous  merchandise,  for  whicli  5,566,498  tons 
are  shown,  was  largely  reported  from  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee, Manitowoc,  and  the  three  Michigan  ports  of 
Frankfort,  Grand  Haven,  and  Ludington,  this  tonnage 
resulting  from  extensive  car-ferry  business  carried  on 
from  these  ports. 

Besides  the  ports  named  in  the  table  there  are  many 
ports  of  less  importance,  with  a  freight  tonnage  aggre- 
gating 8,4 12,144  tons  of  merchandise  shipped  and 
8,508,103  tons  received.  Among  ports  not  appearing 
before  in  the  tables  are:  Calcitc,  Mich.,  which  con- 
tributes to  lake  commerce  3,170,144  tons  of  limestone 
for  pig  iron  manufacture  at  lake  blastfurnaces;  Char- 
lotte, N.  Y.,  the  lake  port  of  Rochester,  which  shipped 
1,012,200  tons  of  coal  in  1916;  Gary,  Ind.,  which  re- 
ceived 2,954,436  tons  of  iron  ore  for  iron  and  steel 
manufacture;  Indiana  Harbor,  Ind.,  which  received 
927,073  tons  of  iron  ore  and  254,399  tons  of  lime- 
stone for  the  furnaces  and  steel  works  at  Hammond, 
Ind. 


PASSENGERS. 

Although  of  small  importance  in  comparison  with 
the  freight  business,  the  passenger  traffic  on  the  Great 
Lakes  and  St.  La^vrence  Eiver  has  reached  significant 
proportions.  Table  21  shows  the  number  of  passen- 
gers carried  in  1916,  1906,  and  1889,  with  the  income 
received  from  passengers  in  1916  and  1906. 

Table  21.— Passengers  Carried:  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


Number  of  passenger  carrying  vessels 

Tassenger  and  freight  vessels 

F  erry  boats 

Income  from  passengers 

Passengerand  freight  vessels 

Ferryboats 

Number  of  passengers  carried 

On  passenger  and  freight  vessels 

On  ferryboats 


1916 


296 
259 
37 

116,87.5,010 

J6, 190,8.30 

(684,180 

1  19, 214, 076 

,5,919,8.85 
13,294,191 


1906 


282 
236 
46 

5  14,865,736 

$4,408,880 

1456,856 

"14,079,121 
5,814,6,39 
8,264,482 


1889 


405 
365 
40 

(') 

(=) 

w 

2,235,993 

1, 612,  ,519 

623,474 


*  Exclusive  of  ?6,679  reported  as  income  from  35.616  passengers  carried  on  11  tug 
and  fishing  vessels. 

'  E.tclusive  of  $1,168  reported  as  incrmn  from  1,025  passengers  carried  on  tugs  and 
other  tomng  vessels, 

■  Not  reported  separately. 


GREAT  LAKES  AND  ST.  LAWRENCE  RR^R. 

PORTS,  OP  PRINCIPAL  COMMODITIES:  1916. 

[Tons  of  2,000  pounds.] 


149 


GRAIN. 

IRON 

3RE. 

LUUBEB 

(TONS). 

PETROLEUM    AND 

OTHER    OILS 

(TONS). 

PIG   IRON   AND 
STEEL    R.ULS. 

STONE,  SAND,  ETC. 

MISCELLANEOPS 
MERCHANDISE. 

Shipments. 

Receipts. 

Sliipments. 

Receipts. 

Ship- 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Ship- 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Ship- 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Shipments. 

Receipts. 

Shipments. 

Receipts. 

5,969,521 

5,969,521 

72,614,761 

72.614,761 

1,629,756 

1,629,756 

314,959 

314,959 

184,188 

184,188 

7,506,452 

7,  .506, 452 

5,566,498 

5,566,498 

1 

5,652 
11,239 

1,227 
43,094 

1,118,576 

3,086 
5,810 

53,203 
454,160 

24,000 

4,706 

•> 

9,238,903 

"i2,' 828,' 167' 
8,709,166 

72 

525 

260,097 

1 

■^ 

15,030 

5,460 
4,636,503 

3,891 
50,056 

44,300 

9,774 

3,170,144 

40,000 
273,303 

4 

1,549 

260 

21,016 

1,033,985 

fi 

A 

7 

627,128 
27,918 

28,i54 
42, 149 

8,7^6,378 
12,289,920 
11,084,463 

1,650 

2n9,no<i 

112,462 

141,971 
260 

580 
725 

424 

4,760 

2,800 
18,333 

1,746,323 

829,974 

17,300 

8,392 

413,311 

428.800 
25,282 

289,127 

270, 174 

10,861 

631 

265,131 

108,755 

59,445 

1,001 

515,418 
119,833 

■fl 

() 

35,328 

10 

72 

30,931 

62,234 

11,544 

500 

133,305 

76,469 



2,740 

1 

.54, 4.51 
175,409 

■HL 

1,441 

372,117 

39S,252 

40,f44 

1,724 

15,217 
1,84-*,  910 

434,210 

77,527 

2,429 

30,561 

79 
3 

!"> 

39,020,088 

447,526 

68 
73 

5,210 
2,859 

41,050 

1,925,743 

p 

3 

7,975,814 

5,165 

3,099,579 

1,294 
2,954,436 

59,991 

200,142 

16 

804 

1,664 

247,971 
1,508 

1,540 

60,773 

382,592 

717,605 

520 

440,824 

3,561 

23,928 

17 

IS 

276,377 
5,820 
84,568 

3,208 

3,503 

7.i6 
20,379 

35 

8,899 
3,140 



2,587 
4,794 

3.5,805 
254,399 

■"O 

1,230 

n 

1,400,964 
927,073 

969 

■» 

159,931 

"^ 

36,815 

7,048 

141 

969 

195,805 

120 

533 

8,5.57 

279 

133,738 

270 

504,307 

31,662 

188,787 

446,876 

26 

163 

90,032 

785,327 

24,951 

2,569 

93,497 

fO 

235,190 

7,054 
178,919 
398,556 

•*1 

10,482 
170,663 

6 

28 

2,845 

5,124,244 

114,647 
800 

22,994 

05 

36,207 

19,230 

18,513 
110,664 
212,571 

Tfl 

200 

369 

1,103 

1,512 

*n 

3,906 
92,256 

280 

49,344 
1,428 

'>8 

18,140 

*»<) 

52,500 

30 

4,323,740 
1,014 

89,685 
45,162 



17,971 

1,850 

75,690 

797,356 

31,426 

22 

30 

184,387 

5,186 
25,699 
2,801 
8,107 
2,058 

5,704 

67 
3,901 

12,374 

258,516 

27,913 

2,000 

700 

T) 

40,690 

248,513 

235 

6,070 

?? 

■^■1 

359 

53,450 
63,204 

5,659 

164 

?T 

5,333 

?A 

10,507 

18,737 

15,254 
20,332 
10,546 
23,953 
10,831 

14,832 

30,929 
25,321 
16,934 
1,793 
18,087 

20,074 

rr 

7,931 

9,  MO 

335,693 

10,560 

ss 

1,000 

?<* 

316 

3,191 

378,001 

4,838 

15 

5,931 

19,448 
353,175 

61 

2 

2,834 

•10 

32,691 

8,887 

2,121,198 

456 

11,010 

17, 9n 

123,966 
38,276 

4*^ 

n 

11,875,930 

6,225 
30,938 
543, 170 

1 

224 

Ai 

4n 

3,073,096 

555,588 

159,598 

272,675 

51,810 

71,248 

16,137 

40,144 

3,015,068 

1,528,639 

767,301 

679,440 

46 

The  income  from  passenger  traffic  was  not  reported 
separately  in  18S9,  and  it  is  probable  that  the  nmnber 
of  passengers  reported,  especially  the  ferry  passengers, 
was  much  understated. 

In  1916  there  were  19,214,076  passengers  carried,  as 
compared  with  14,079,121  in  1906,  an  increase  of  36.5 
per  cent.  The  majority  of  the  passengers,  or  69.2 
per  cent,  were  ferryboat  passengers;  the  increase 
between  1906  and  1916  in  this  class  of  passengers  con- 
tributed most  of  the  increase  in  the  total  number, 
a-s  the  number  of  passengers  carried  on  passenger 
and  freight  vessels  shows  an  increase  of  only  l.S  per 
cent. 

The  average  fare  per  passenger  on  passenger  and 
freight  vessels  increased  from  76  cents  in  1906  to  SI. 05 
in  1916,  while  the  average  ferry  rate  decreased  from  5.5 
cents  to  5.1  cents. 


RAILWAY    CAR    FERRIES. 

Railroad  companies  having  terminals  on  Lakes  ]Mich- 
igan,  Erie,  and  Ontario  and  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River 
conduct  an  extensive  car-ferry  business  as  a  branch  of 
their  railway  operations.  Table  22  is  a  comparative 
statement  of  principal  statistics,  so  far  as  available, 
for  car  ferries  for  1916  and  1906. 

Table  22.— Car  Ferries:  1916  and  1906. 
[Craft  operated  in  connection  with  steam  railroads.l 


Number  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnage 

Net  tonnage 

Horsepower  of  engines 

\'alu6  of  ve&sels 

Oross  income 

Number  employed  on  vessels 

Wages 

Number  of  passengers  carried 

>  Not  shown  separately. 


I91C 

1906 

14 

14 

34,268 

30,054 

21,124 

18,252 

42,180 

37,500 

$5,177,068 

$2,799,482 

$758,945 

^')       ~ 

276 

461 

$281,817 

$225,881 

109,152 

390,708 

150 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


The  increase  of  railway  car-ferry  business  is  indicated 
by  the  large  gain  in  value  of  vessels  from  $2,799,482 
in  1906  to  $5,177,068  in  1916.  There  were  14  other 
vessels  reported  as  owned  by  railway  companies,  but 
these  consisted  of  tugs  and  scows  used  principally 
for  building  docks,  wharves,  etc. 

EMPLOYEES   AND   WAGES. 

Table  23  presents  comparative  data  in  regard  to 
employees  and  wages,  for  steam,  sail,  and  unrigged 
craft,  for  1916  and  1906. 


Table  23. 


-Employees  and  Wages,  by  Class,  with  Per  Cent 
OF  Increase:  1916  and  1906. 


CLASS  AND  CENSr.S  TEAR. 

Number 
employed 
on  vessels. 

Wages. 

Average 

pay  per 

employee. 

Total: 

1916 

26,873 

24,916 

7.9 

$13,633,219 

13,280,716 

40.3 

S693 

190tj                .                 

533 

30.0 

Steam;.! 

1916                                  

24,163 

20,515 

17.8 

878 
2,258 

-bi.i 

1,832 
2,143 
-14.5 

17,027,341 

11,179,882 

62.3 

464,. 581 

962,. 542 

-51.7 

1,141,297 

1,138,292 

0.3 

705 

1906                                

545 

29.4 

Sail: 

1916 

629 

1906 

42« 

24.2 

Unrigged: 

1916 

623 

1906 

531 

Per  cent  of  increase ' 

17.3 

I  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 
« A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 

The  vessels  on  the  Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence 
River  gave  employment  to  26,873  persons  who 
received  a  wage  of  $18,633,219  in  1916.  As  compared 
with  1906,  these  figures  show  an  increase  of  7.9  per 
cent  in  number  employed  and  40.3  per  cent  in  wages. 

The  steam  vessels  furnished  employment  to  89.9 
per  cent  of  the  persons  employed,  and  these  received 
91.4  per  cent  of  the  wages  paid.  The  average  wage 
per  employee  increased  from  $545  in  1906  to  $705 
in  1916. 

OWNERSHIP  OF  VESSELS. 

The  greater  part  of  the  iron  ore,  coal,  and  oil  of 
Great  Lakes  commerce  is  transported  by  companies 
which  are  subsidiaries  of  corporations  which  control 
the  production,  sale,  and  handlmg  of  both  the  raw 
materials  and  more  or  less  finished  products.  A  cor- 
poration engaged  in  steel  manufacture  frequently 
owns  its  own  Lake  Superior  mines  and  ore  docks, 
the  fleet  which  hauls  the  ore  to  Lake  Erie  or  lower 
Lake  Michigan,  and  the  furnaces  and  steel  mills  in 
Indiana,  Illinois,  Ohio,  or  Pennsylvania  which  con- 


vert the  ore  into  steel  ingots,  bars,  sheets,  rails,  shapes, 
and  plates  for  commerce.  As  a  consequence  of  such 
coordination  of  industrial  and  commercial  energies,  and 
likewisebecause  of  the  large  scale  on  which  Great  Lakes 
commerce  is  organized,  vessels  operated  on  the  Great 
Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River  are  largely  owned  by 
incorporated  companies.  Table  24  shows,  by  char- 
acter of  ownership,  the  number,  gross  tonnage,  and 
value  of  the  different  classes  of  vessels  for  1916  and 
1906. 

Table  24. — Number,  Gross  Tonnage,  and  Value  op  Vessels, 
BY  Character  op  Ownership,  with  Per  Cent  in  Each  Class: 
1916  AND  1906. 


VESSELS. 

TONNAGE. 

VALUE  OF  VESSELS. 

CHABACTEE    OF 
OWNERSHO'    AND 

CENSUS  YEAR. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent 

o( 
total. 

Gross  tons. 

Per 

cent 

ol 

total. 

Amount. 

Per 

cent 

oJ 

total. 

Total: 

1916 

1906 

2,856 
2,990 

100.0 
100.0 

2,737,491 

2,392,803 

100.0 
100.0 

$174,765,626 
130,805,640 

100.0 
100.0 

Individual: 

1916 

847 
975 

210 
429 

1,747 
1,536 

52 
50 

29.6 
32.6 

7.4 
14.3 

61.2 
51.4 

1.8 
1.7 

74,383 
204,175 

22,374 
132,836 

2,635,057 
2,044,131 

5,677 
11,721 

2.7 

8.5 

0.8 
5.6 

96.3 
85.4 

0.2 
0.5 

6,987,863 
8,355,470 

1,275,970 
4,025,536 

165,083,582 
117,310,941 

1,418,111 
1,113,683 

4.0 

1906 

6.4 

Firm: 

1916 

0.7 

1906     

3.1 

Corporation: 

1916 

94.5 

1906 

89.7 

All  otlier: 
1916     . 

0.8 

1906 

0.9 

Corporations  controlled  96.3  per  cent  of  the  do- 
mestic tonnage  of  the  Great  Lakes  in  1916,  represent- 
ing 94.5  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  lake  vessels. 
Although  more  than  one-fourth  of  the  vessels  on  the 
Great  Lakes  were  owned  by  individuals,  their  toimage 
and  value  were  insignificant  in  comparison  with  the 
figures  for  incorporated  companies. 

Table  25  shows,  by  character  of  ownership,  the 
nimiber  and  gross  tonnage  of  the  different  classes  of 
vessels,  according  to  character  of  service,  for  1916 
and  1906. 

The  most  important  vessel  class,  namely,  steam 
freight  and  passenger  vessels,  shows  an  increase  of 
gross  tonnage  owned  by  incorporated  companies  from 
1,659,308  tons  in  1906  to  2,311,335  in  1916,  a  ten-year 
increase  of  39.3  per  cent.  At  the  same  time  indi- 
vidual ownership  of  steam  freight  and  passenger  ves- 
sels declined  from  114,702  tons  in  1906  to  23,828  in 
1916.  Steam  tugs  and  towing  vessels  and  miscella- 
neous craft  were  likewise  largely  operated  by  incorpo- 
rated companies,  while  yachts  were  chiefly  under  indi- 
vidual ownership.  "All  other"  ownership  includes 
city  and  state  government  craft. 


GREAT  LAKES  AND  ST.  LAWRENCE  RIVER. 


151 


Table  25.— NUMBER  AND  GROSS  TONNAGE  OF  VESSELS.  BY  CHARACTER  OP  OWNERSHIP  AND  BY  OCCUPATION: 

1916  AND  190G. 


TOTAL. 

ranmnuAL. 

FIRM. 

INCORPORATED  COMPANY. 

ALL 

OTHER. 

CLASa  AND  OCCUPATIOK. 

Number  of 
vessels. 

Gross 

tonnage. 

Xiimber 
of  vessels. 

Gross 

tonnage. 

Number 
of  vessels. 

Gross  tonnage. 

Number  of 
vessels. 

Gross  tonnage. 

Number 
of  vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916' 1906 

1916  '  1906 

1 

Total 

2,856 

2,990 

2.737,491 

2,392,863 

847 

161 

59 

32 
5 
49 
16 

529 

132 

19 

7 

363 

8 

75 

35 
39 

1 

82 

975 

1536 

198 

94 

12 

204 

30 

301 

199 

97 

5 

138 

74,383 

204, 175 

210 

429 

22,374 

132,836 

1,747 

1,536 

2,635,057 

2,044,131 

52 

50 

5,677 

11,721 

1,153 

734 

254 
32 

52 
81 

684 

176 

47 
11 

407 
43 

162 

119 

42 

1 

857 

11,676 
932 

382 
48 

236 
78 

531 

403 

122 

6 

783 

2,398,327 
2,347,024 

19,130 
7,049 
5,353 

19.771 

12,103 

3,026 

460 

215 

7,771 

631 

145,450 

144,657 
495 
298 

181,611 

■1,915,786 

1,842,251 

22,663 

35,581 

6,210 

9,081 

33,  M2 

23,828 

1,446 

253 

5,162 

2,953 

9,503 

1,850 

203 

97 

7,279 

74 

14,402 

13,639 

465 
298 

16,836 

1126,160 

114,702 

3,592 

693 

5,673 

1,500 

77 

30 

28 
7 
3 
9 

74 

25 

7 

1 

33 

8 

12 

9 
3 

47 

1207 
113 

59 
5 

23 
7 



115 

90 
24 

1 

107 

15,318 
11,729 

1,249 
480 
191 

1,669 

1,026 

463 

81 

9 

349 

125 

2,554 

2,  .524 
30 

3,476 

171,009 

67,317 

2,326 
137 
445 
784 

34,900 

34,428 

283 
189 

26,927 

892 

644 

192 
20 

'"36 

67 

19 

21 
2 
10 
15 

75 

75 

1905 

621 

225 

30 

6 

23 

112 
112 

2,345,940 

2,311,335 

16,269 
6.316 

"ii',m 

1,332 

714 

176 

88 

113 

241 

128,494 

128,494 

11,714,669 

1,659,308 

16,446 

34,721 

66 

4,128 

23 

1 
2 

"M 
14 

•28 

2 

4 
1 
3 

18 

3,427 
132 

176 

3,'ii9' 

242 

13,948 
924 

Freight  and  pass»ii- 
ger 

Tugs  and  other  tow- 
ing vessels 

Ferryboats 

299 
30 
26 

Miscellaneous 

Motor 

2,669 

Freight  and  passen- 

Tugs  and  other  tow- 
Ing  vessels 

Ferryboats 

Yachts 

1 

1 

12 

3 

2 

1 

21 
30 
191 

Miscellaneous 

Sail 

265,571 

263,837 

1,458 

276 

211,506 

59,578 

58,321 

1,170 

87 

18,437 

170,267 
170,267 

626 

Freight  and  passen- 
ger  

821 

Yachts 

S 

Miscellaneous 

Unrigged . 

713 

519 

159,291 

159,195 

15 

19 

2,008 

6,947 

1  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


CLASSIFICATION  OF   VESSELS  BY  OCCUPATION. 

Table  26  classifies  lake  vessels  according  to  occu- 
pation, giving  tonnage,  value,  and  gross  income  for 
1916  and  1906. 

Table  26. — All  Vessels,  Exclusive  of  Fishing  Vessels,  by 
Occupation,  With  Per  Cent  of  Increase  and  op 
Total:  1916  and  1906. 


OCCtrPATION  AND  CEN.1US  YEAR. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Gross 
Income. 

Total: 

1916 

2,856 
2,990 

2,737,491 
2,392,863 

$174,765,526 

$130,805,640 

$.85,095,887 
$65,274  702 

1906 

Freight  and  passenger:  ■ 

1916 

1,029 
1,335 

2,494,707 

2,106,088 

18.5 

19,590 
22,663 
-13.6 

7,264 
35,  .581 
-79.6 

13,619 

7,668 

77.6 

202,311 

220,863 

-8.4 

100.0 
100.0 

91.1 

88.0 

0.7 
0.9 

0.3 
1.5 

0.5 
0.3 

7.4 
9.2 

$1.55,296,228 

$114,821,511 

35.3 

$3,602,554 

$2,630,097 

37.0 

$874,675 

$3,429,532 

-74.5 

$4,237,710 

$1,877,850 
125.7 

$10,754,3.59 

$8,046,650 

33.7 

100.0 
100.0 

8a9 

87.8 

2.1 
2.0 

as 

2.6 

2.4 
1.4 

6.2 
6.2 

$76,838,88.5 

$.56,850,553 

35. 2 

1906 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels: 

1916 

301 
382 

$2,523,183 

$2,474,121 
2.0 

1906 

Ferryboats:  i 

1916 

43 
48 

$718  215 

1906 

$922,838 
-22.2 

Yachts: 

1916 

501 
358 

1906 

$4,494 

Miscellaneous: ' 

1916 

982 
867 

$5,015,604 

$5,022,696 

—0.1 

1906 

Percent  of  increase ^ 

Per  cent  of  total: 

1916 

100.0 
100.0 

36.0 
44.6 

10.5 
12.8 

1.5 
1.6 

17.6 
12.0 

34.4 
29.0 

100  0 

1906 

100.0 

Freight  and  passenger:  i 

1916 

90  3 

1906 

87.1 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels: 

1916 

3.0 

1906 

3.8 

Ferryboats:  i 

1916 

0.8 

1906 

1.4 

Yachts: 

1916 

1906 

5.9 

Miscellaneous: ' 

1916 

1906 

7.7 

»  Car  ferries  tabulated  as  freight  and  passenger  in  1916. 
*  A  minus  sign  ( — )  denotes  decrease. 
» Chiefly  barges  and  other  harbor  craft. 
<  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  percent. 


Of  the  total  tonnage  in  1916,  2,494,707,  or  91.1 
per  cent,  was  reported  as  the  tonnage  of  1,029  freight 
and  passenger  vessels.  The  value  of  these  repre- 
sented 88.9  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  lake  carriers 
and  earned  90.3  per  cent  of  the  gross  income  from 
lake  shipping.  Tugs  and  towing  vessels,  though 
fewer  in  number  in  1916  than  in  1906,  show  a  largely 
increased  investment  value,  denoting  improvement 
in  size  and  type  of  vessel.  Yachts  increased  in  both 
number  and  tonnage,  and  the  value  in  1916  was 
$4,2.37,710,  as  compared  with  $1,877,850  in  1906. 
Miscellaneous  vessels,  including  barges  and  other 
harbor  craft,  show  substantial  growth  in  number, 
tonnage,  and  value.  Decrease  in  ferries  is  probably 
due  to  the  inclusion  of  some  car  ferries  in  the  freight 
and  passenger  vessel  class. 

IDLE  VESSELS. 

Table  27  shows,  by  the  various  classes  of  vessels, 
the  number  and  gross  tonnage  of  idle  craft  on  the 
Great  Lakes  according  to  the  tonnage  of  the  ves- 
sels. 

Table  27.— Idle  Craft:  1916. 


TOTAL. 

LESS  THAN 
100  TONS. 

100  TONS 
AND  O^-EE. 

AVERAGE. 

CLASS. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tons. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tons. 

Num- 
ber of 

ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tons. 

Total 
aver- 
age. 

Less 

than 

100 

tons. 

100 
tons 
and 
over. 

Total 

363 

62,957 

270 

6,771 

93  56.186 

173 

25 

604 

Freight   and    pas- 

80 

37 
2 

75 
73 
6 
90 

34,175 

1,618 
1,547 
1,219 
2,343 
273 
21,782 

50 

34 
1 

74 

71 

5 

35 

1,287 

965 

25 

1,073 

1,790 

173 
1,458 

30  32.888 

427 

44 

774 
16 
32 
46 

242 

26 

28 
25 
15 
25 
35 
42 

1,095 

Tugs  and  other  tow- 
ing vessels 

Ferryboats      

3 

1 

653 
1,522 

21S 

1,522 

Fishing  vessels 

Yachts              .     . . 

1 

2 

1 

55 

146 

553 

100 

20,324 

146 
277 

Miscellaneous 

100 
370 

1, 

1 


152 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


The  tonnage  of  idle  craft  on  the  Great  Lakes  is 
light,  62,957  gross  tons  in  all,  representing  363  small 
vessels  of  an  average  of  173  tons  per  vessel.  This 
item  should  be  taken  into  consideration  in  compari- 
sons hotM-een  census  data  and  that  of  the  Bm-eau  of 
Navigation,  wliich  docs  not  distinguish  between 
active  and  idle  craft. 

CUARACTER  OF  PROPULSION  AND  HORSEPOWER. 

Statistics  relating  to  the  rigging  of  vessels  and  to 
the  kind  of  power  used  are  not  presented  in  a  special 
table  showing  these  items,  but  are  included  in  the 
statistics  shown  in  Table  32  at  the  end  of  this  sec- 
tion of  the  report.  Screw  propulsion  is  the  rule  on 
lake  freiglit  carriei-s,  wliile  side  and  stern  wheel  ves- 
sels are  rapidly  disappearing.  Of  the  2,443,  steam 
and  motor  vessels  reported,  2,407,  or  98.5  per  cent, 
were  propelled  by  screw,  while  only  35  side-wheelers 
and  one  stern-wheeler  were  reported. 

Tlie  horsepower  of  the  steam  and  gas  engines 
reported  as  on  vessels  of  the  Great  Lakes  amounted 
to  1,089,283,  of  which  1,052,072  was  the  horsepower 
of  steam  engines  and  37,211  that  of  gasohne  engines. 
Vessels  in  the  freight  and  passenger  service  reported 
87.8  per  cent  of  the  steam  horsepower,  and  the 
largest  amount,  or  55.5  per  cent,  of  the  gasohne 
engine  power  is  shown  as  used  by  yachts. 

CANAL   AND    RIVER    TRAFFIC. 

The  Census  Biu-eau  has  no  statistics  of  the  Great 
Lakes  transportation  as  relating  specifically  to  the 
canals  and  rivers  forming  the  connecting  links  between 
theLakes.  The  Corps  of  Engineers  of  the  United  States 
Army  records  such  data  annually,  and  the  following 
tables  are  introduced  from  such  reports,  showing  the 
growth  and  volimae  of  Great  Lakes  commerce.  It 
must  be  borne  in  mind  in  considering  the  tables  that 
the  statistics  compiled  by  the  Corps  of  Engineers  are 
not  restricted  to  American  vessels,  but  relate  to  the 
entire  commerce  of  a  given  harbor  or  channel ;  these 
statistics,  however,  include  only  the  operations  of  reg- 
istered vessels.  The  Sault  Ste.  Marie  Canal,  com- 
monly called  the  ' '  Soo, "  handles  the  commerce  passing 
from  Lake  Superior,  on  the  one  hand,  and  into  Lake 
Superior  from  Lakes  Erie,  Hm-on,  and  Michigan,  on 
the  other.  Tlie  Detroit  River  carries  the  traffic  pass- 
ing out  of  Lake  Erie,  on  the  one  hand,  and  into  Lake 
Erie  from  Lakes  Superior,  Hm-on,  and  Michigan,  on 
the  otlier. 

Sault  Ste.  Marie  Canals. — Table  28  shows  the 
traffic  through  the  American  and  Canadian  canals  at 
Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Mich.,  and  Ontario,  Canada,  as  com- 
piled by  the  Corps  of  Engineers  of  the  United  States 
Army,  for  each  year  from  1906  to  1916.  The  net 
registered  tonnage  of  the  vessels,  the  total  net  tons  of 
freight  carried,  and  the  quantities  of  the  three  prin- 
cipal commodities  are  given  in  the  table. 


Table  28.— Sault  Ste.  Marie  Canal  Thappic:  1906  to  1916.' 


Net 
registered 

vessel 
tonnage. 

Total 

freight 

(net  tons). 

EASTBOUND. 

WEST- 
BOUND. 

TEAR. 

Iron  ore 
(gross  tons). 

Wheat 
(bushels). 

Coal 
(not  tons). 

1916 

1915 

69,824,463 
66, 399, 147 
41,986,339 
67,989,715 
66,736,807 
41,653,488 
49,856,123 
46,751,717 
31,091,730 
44,087,974 
41,098,324 

91,SSS,219 
71,290,304 
65,369,934 
79,718,344 
72,472,676 
63,477,216 
62,363,218 
67,895,149 
41,390,557 
68,217,214 
51,751,080 

63,452,107 
45,213,604 
31,413,705 
48,109,3,')3 
46,303,423 
30,731,235 
41,603,63! 
40,014,978 
24,650,340 
39,594,944 
35,357,042 

226,063,315 
255,481,558 
150,284,095 
204,821,507 
174,086,456 
97,141,911 
86,259,974 
113,253,561 
106,041,873 
98,135,775 
84,271,358 

16,121,119 
13,357,058 

1914 

14,487,221 

1913 

18,622,938 

1912 

14,931,594 

1911 

15,332,876 

1910 

13,613,727 

1909 

9,940,02? 

1908 

9,902,460 

1907 

11,400,095 

1906 

8,739,630 

'  From  data  compiled  and  reported  by  Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  Army. 

Net  registered  vessel  tonnage  passing  the  Sault  Ste. 
Marie  Canals  increased  from  41,098,324  tons  in  1906 
to  69,824,463  in  1916,  a  ten-year  growth  of  69.9  per 
cent.  The  total  tonnage  of  freight  cargoes,  in  the 
same  period,  increased  from  51,751,080  net  tons  in 
1906  to  91,888,219  in  1916,  a  growth  of  77.6  per  cent. 
The  largest  single  freight  commodity  of  lake  com- 
merce, iron  ore,  increased  in  shipments  from  Lake 
Superior  from  35,357,042  gross  tons  in  1906  to  63,- 
452,107  in  1916,  or  79.5  per  cent.  Coal,  the  largest 
item  of  westbound  traffic  from  Lake  Erie,  increased  in 
tonnage  from  8,739,630  net  tons  in  1906  to  16,123,119 
in  1916,  or  84.5  per  cent.  Eastbound  wheat  ship- 
ments, stimulated  by  the  food  demands  of  war,  showed 
a  phenomenal  increase  from  84.271,358  bushels  in 
1906  to  226,063,315  in  1916,  an  increase  of  168.3  per 
cent. 

According  to  the  report  of  the  Engineer  Corps  of 
the  Army,  the  91,888,219  net  tons  of  freight  passing 
through  the  "Soo"  Canal  in  1916  was  classified  as  to 
source  and  destination  as  follows:  Eastbound  from 
Lake  Superior,  74,148,418  tons,  of  which  9,646,525 
were  destined  to  Lake  Michigan,  3,347,314  to  Lake 
Huron,  356,336  to  Lake  Ontario,  and  60,798,243, 
or  82  per  cent  of  the  whole,  to  Lake  Erie ;  there  were 
17,739,801  tons  of  westbound  freight  destined  to  Lake 
Superior,  of  which  16,632,775,  or  93.8  per  cent,  were 
from  Lake  Erie.  American  vessels  carried  69,686,460 
tons  of  the  eastbound  and  16,487,216  tons  of  the  west- 
bound freight,  forming  a  total  of  86,173,676  tons  of 
freight,  or  93.8  per  cent  of  the  entire  commerce. 

Table  29  is  a  comparative  table  showing,  for  the 
years  from  1906  to  1916,  the  number  of  vessel  passages 
and  the  net  registered  tonnage  of  the  Sault  Ste.  Marie 
Canals  and  the  Suez  Canal.  These  statistics  were  com- 
piled by  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  United  States  Army. 

Durmg  the  11  years  1906-1916,  inclusive,  the  "Soo  " 
Canals  averaged  20,771  vessel  passages  of  48,861,436 
net  registered  tonnage  per  aimum,  as  compared  with 
4,351  vessel  passages  of  16,311,949  net  registered  ton- 
nage per  annum  for  the  Suez  Canal,  the  Great  Lakes 
Canal  link  handlmg  approximately  three  times  the 
volume  of  vessel  traffic  exhibited  by  its  Indo-Euro- 
pean competitor.  In  1916  there  were  25,407  vessel 
passages  of  69,824,463  net  registered  tons  at  the  "  Soo," 
or  upwards  of  five  fold  that  of  the  Suez. 


GREAT  LAKES  AND  ST.  LAWRENCE  RIVER. 


153 


Table  29. — Comparison  op  Thafpic  op  the  Saui.t  Ste.  Marie 
AND  Suez  Canals:  1906  to  1916.' 


Total.. 


1916. 
1915. 
1914. 
1913. 
V912. 
1911. 
1910. 
1909. 
1908. 
1907. 
1900. 


Average  per  year. 


VESSEL  P.4SSAGE3. 


Sault  Ste. 
Marie  Ca- 
nals. 


228,479 


25, 

21, 
18, 
23 
22: 

is: 
20; 

19, 
15, 

20, 
22 


20,771 


Suez 
Canal. 


47,856 


3,110 
3,703 
4,802 
6,  OSS 
5,373 
4,969 
4,533 
4,239 
3,795 
4,2U7 
3,975 

4,351 


NET  EEGISTEKED  TONS. 


Sault  Ste. 
Marie  Ca- 
nals. 


537, 475, 827 


69,824,4a 
66,399,117 
41,980,3;;9 
57,989,715 
56,736,807 
41,663,488 
49,856,123 
46,751,717 
31,091,730 
44,087,974 
41,098,324 

48,861,430 


Suez  Canal. 


179,431,441 


325,347 
2!)6, 155 
409,41)5 
033, 8S4 
275,120 
324,794 
581,898 
407,627 
633,283 
728,434 
445, 504 


16,311,949 


'  Prepared  from  reports  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  XI.  S.  Army,  and  the  reports  o( 
British  Suez  Canal  Directors. 

Diagram  5. — Net  Tonnage  Passing  Through  the  Sault  Ste, 
Marie  and  the  Suez  Canals:  1906  to  1916. 


16 


MILLIONS  OF  TDN8 
30  4S 


i9ie 

1916 
1914 
1913 
1912 
1911 
1910 

1909  e 

1908  I 

1907 

1906 


■7zm>,-^m 


77P777^.-^P777P77,77777\ 


[""{    < 


•^7Z777>.777Z77> 


"  ""I "f^l 


^ 


■  SAULT  STE.  MARIE  CANAL 


SUEZ  CANAL 


YEAR. 

Number 
of  vessel 
passages. 

Net  registered 

tonnage  of 

vessels. 

Estimated 
tons  of 
freight. 

191G 

37,852 
34,823 
31,913 
37,473 
33,675 
30,612 
33,638 
32,296 
27,883 
34,149 
35,128 

76,677,264 
65,280,435 
62,927,106 
62,092,149 
61,606,271 
62,142,703 
68,821,282 
61,668,846 
40,628,850 
M,  959, 709 
50,073,897 

100,907,279 

1915 

82,514,457 

1914 

69,810,853 

1913 

85, 370, 705 

1912 

78,671,208 

66,951,211 

1910 

73,526,002 

1909 

67,789,369 
54,086,750 

1908 

1907 

71,226,895 

1906 

03,808,571 

Detroit  River  traffic. — Table  30  shows  the  nuinl)er 
of  vessel  passages,  the  net  registered  tons,  and  the 
estimated  net  tons  of  freight  passing  through  the  De- 
troit River  for  each  year  from  1906  to  1916. 

Table  30. — Commerce  Passing  Through  the  Detroit  River: 
1906  to  1916.' 


Net  registered  vessel  tonnage  passing  through 
Detroit  River  increased  from  50,673,897  tons  in  1906 
to  76,677,264  in  1916,  an  increase  for  the  ten-year 
period  of  51.3  per  cent;  the  aggregate  freight  cargoes 
increased  from  63,808,571  net  tons  in  1906  to 
100,907,279  in  1916,  an  increase  of  58.1  per  cent. 
The  greater  percentage  of  ten-year  growth  in  the 
traflic  of  the  "Soo''  Canal  than  in  that  of  Detroit 
River  is  chiefly  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  Lake 
Superior  iron  ore  constitutes  over  one-half  of  the 
aggregate  freight  volume  of  Great  Lakes  commerce, 
and  that  most  of  the  Lake  Superior  iron  ore  shipments 
passLag  the  "Soo''  goes  to  Gary,  Hammond,  and 
South  Cliicago,  at  the  foot  of  Lake  ^Michigan,  instead 
of  through  Detroit  River  to  the  furnaces  and  steel 
mills  in  the  vicinity  of  Lake  Erie. 

DULUTH-SUPEEIOE. 

The  port  of  Duluth-Superior,  located  at  the  head  of 
the  Great  Lakes  system,  as  previously  stated  in  this 
report,  was  the  source  of  a  greater  tonnage  of  water- 
borne  freight  shipments  than  any  other  port  in  the 
United  States,  although  ia  receipts  New  York,  Chicago, 
Buffalo,  and  Cleveland  outrank  Duluth-Superior.  The 
41,131,478  net  tons  recorded  by  the  Corps  of  Engineers, 
United  States  Army,  as  the  freight  shipments  of 
Duluth-Superior  in  1916  exceed  those  of  any  two 
of  the  above  cities  combined.  The  net  registered  ves- 
sel tonnage  recorded  for  Duluth-Superior  in  1916  was 
42,194,633  tons,  compared  with  25,157,576  in  1906,  a 
ten-year  increase  of  67.7  per  cent.  Freight  shipments 
of  41,131,478  net  tons  in  1916  compared  ^vith  23,023,- 
507  in  1906  show  a  ten-year  growth  of  78.6  per  cent. 
Iron  ore,  wheat,  floiu-,  and  Imnber  constitute  the  prin- 
cipal commodities  shipped  from  Duluth-Superior  Har- 
bor, while  coal  and  general  merchandise  make  up  the 
principal  lake  tonnage  received. 


Table  31. 


-Commerce  of  Duluth-Superior  Harbor: 
1906-1916.' 


VESSELS  ENTERING  AND 
DEPABTINQ. 

FKEIGHT   (NET  TCSS). 

Number,   '^'^^f'^ 

Receipts. 

Shipments. 

1916 

12,445 
10,764 

9,712 
11,925 
11.846 

9,638 
11,571 
10,503 

7,992 
10,736 
11,185 

42,194,633 
34,257,227 
28,216,139 
35,9S2,013 
37,400,820 
33,578,209 
32,695,284 
28,372,175 
19,0,-8.664 
27,707.009 
25,157,576 

11,W5,S55 
9,713,245 
10,616,492 
12,105,608 
9,705,999 
9,4Z4,9C2 
9,520,990 
6,815,410 
6,594,915 
7,840,023 
6,147,714 

41,131,487 

1915 

30,781,427 

1914... 

22,919,212 

1913 

34,709,808 

1912 

31,768,777 

1911 

21,247,884 

1910 

27,163,588 

1909 

25,743,891 

1908 

17,202,247 

1907  ....               

26,946,682 

1906 

23,023,507 

>  Compiled  from  offlcial  records  of  Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  Army. 


'  From  data  compiled  by  Corps  of  Engineers.  I".  S.  Army. 

Table  32  shows  hi  detail  for  all  vessels,  including 
fishing  vessels,  the  principal  statistics  of  transporta- 
tion on  the  Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River,  in 
1916,  by  character  of  ownership  and  class  of  service. 


154 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 

Table  32 ALL  VESSELS,  BY  CLASS, 


37 
33 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 

44 
4.5 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 

51 
52 
53 
o4 
55 
56 
57 

58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 

65 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 
71 


CLASS,  OCCtTPATIOS,  AND  CWirEBSHIP. 


Aggregate., 


Steam 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels.. 

Ferryboats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Individual 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessel; 

Ferryboats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Firm 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels.. 

Ferryboats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Incorporated  company 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels.. 

Ferryboats 

Fistung 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


All  other  ownership 

P'reight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels.. 

Ferryboats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Motor.  . 


Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  otlier  towing  vessels.. 

Ferryboats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Individual 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels.. 

Ferryboats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Firm 

Freight  and  passenger '. . . 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels.. 

Ferryboats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Incorporated  company 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels.. 

Ferryboats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


All  other  ownership 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels.. 

Ferryboats 

Fishing 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 


Number 

of 
vessels. 


3,462 


Gross. 


1,362 
734 
234 
32 
209 
52 
81 


252 
59 
32 
5 
91 
49 
16 

150 
30 
28 

7 
73 

3 


937 

644 

192 

20 

45 


20 


1,081 
176 
47 
11 
397 
407 
43 


809 
132 
19 

7 
280 
363 

8 

153 

25 

7 

1 

79 
33 
8 

104 
19 
21 
2 
37 
10 
15 

15 


2,747,687 


2, 404, 763 
2,347,024 
19, 130 
7,049 
6,436 
5,353 
19,  771 


36,235 
23,828 
1,446 
253 
2,593 
5, 102 
2,953 

17,565 

11,729 

1,249 

480 

2,247 

191 

1,669 

2,347,536 

2,311,335 

16,259 

6,316 

1,596 


12,030 

3,427 
132 
176 


Net. 


2,118,718 


1,800,567 
1,764,620 
10,750 
4,278 
4,210 
3,500 
13,209 


Screw. 


28,0()5 
17,676 
753 
184 
1,6112 
3,396 
2,394 

12,631 

8,833 

742 

324 

1,502 

104 

1,126 

760,286 

738,014 

9,145 

3,770 

1,046 


3,119 


15,863 

3,026 

460 

215 

3,760 

7,771 

631 


12,071 

1,850 

203 

97 

2,568 

7,279 


1,835 
462 
81 
9 
809 
349 
115 

1,703 
7U 
178 
88 
871 
113 
341 

254 


8,291 

1,605 
97 
110 


12,875 

2,444 

373 

170 
3,31)3 

6,078 
508 


9,741 

1,506 

160 

63 
2,266 
6,686 

60 

1,513 

359 

63 

8 

721 

276 


1,411 

679 
149 

81 
305 

91 
206 

210 


2,407 


,328 
704 
254 
31 
209 
51 
79 


Side- 
wheel. 


35 


248 
58 
32 
S 
91 
48 
14 

150 
30 


907 

615 

192 

19 

45 


20 


1,079 
176 
46 
11 
397 
406 
43 


Stem- 
wheel. 


31 

12 
30 
191  I 


18 
11 
25 
156 


818 

132 

19 

7 
2S0 
362 

8 

152 

25 

6 

1 

79 

33 

8 

104 
19 
21 
2 
37 
10 
15 


Horsepower 
of  engines. 


1,089,283 


(Steam.) 
1,052,072 
924,068 
55,563 
14,505 
15,702 
17,839 
24,395 


48,977 
16,744 

5,038 
350 

6,999 
17, 101 

2,685 

24,658 

10,161 

6,479 

899 

5,091 

678 

1,350 


96' 


386 

063 

43, 586 

13, 256 

3,612 


9,869 

11,051 
100 
460 


10, 491 

(Gas.) 

37,211 

5,749 

1,402 

346 

7,412 

20,654 

1,648 


CONSTRUCTIOV. 


Metal. 


867 


29,648 

4,083 

621 

218 

4,875 

19,556 

295 

3,745 
870 
234 
20 

1,575 
820 
226 

3,099 
7% 
647 
90 
934 
273 
459 

719 


18 

28 

5 

668 


705 
516 
98 
10 
33 
19 
29 


633 

606 


Wood. 


633 
199 
154 
22 
176 
32 
50 


211 
50 
29 
3 
84 
30 
15 

130 
26 
24 
6 
63 
2 
9 

285 

122 

101 

13 

29 


Com- 
posite. 


20 


1,0.57 
174 
46 
10 
393 
396 
38 


792 
131 
18 

278 
352 

6 

150 

21 

7 

1 

78 

33 

7 

100 

19 

21 

1 

36 
10 
13 

13 


GREAT  LAIvES  AND  ST.  LAWHENCE  RI\TR. 

OCCUPATION,  AND  OWNERSHIP:  1916. 


155 


Value  of 

j           vessels. 

1                                                                             INCOME. 

Number 
employed 
on  vessels. 

Wages. 

Number  of 

passengers 

carried. 

Freight  carried 

(tons  of  2.000 

pounds). 

Total. 

Freight. 

Passenger. 

All  other. 

J175,956,392 

J87,225,376 

$70,382,512 

$6,881,689 

$9,961,175 

28,680 

$19,582,781 

19,249,692 

'  125,385.545 

1 

160,533,324 

150,694,478 

3,513,445 

«2,225 

825,643 

2,178,283 

2,479,238 

80,455,254 
75,001,244 

2,458,1.59 
705,323 

1,335,195 

67.475,839 

67,464,452 

500 

5,917 

4,065 

6,745.437 

6,072.032 

1.600 

671,303 

300 

6,233,978 
1.464,760 
2,456,059 
27,901 
1,330,830 

24,502 

20.757 

1,3.34 

294 

1,070 

3.34 

693 

17.323,290 
14,438,201 
1,163,248 
181,474 
637,516 
173,721 
709,130 

18,319,876 
5,231,864 

4,815 
13,081,997 

1,200 

122,396,430 

122, 3W, 454 

150 

689 

1,137 

2 
3 
4 

5 
6 

7 

935,333 

905 

954,428 

R 

4,481,403 
1,620,400 

219,900 
41,. 300 

283,800 
2,133,295 

182,510 

1,250,140 
562,500 
186,517 

62,448 
287,675 

45,000 
106,000 

133,572,669 

148,503,578 

3,037,028 

738,277 

254,168 

1,772,800 
864,215 
166,921 
30,286 
540,303 

772,315 

769,345 

500 

200 

2,270 

83,207 

51,421 

l,.50O 

29,9S6 

300 

917,278 
43,449 
164,921 
100 
537,733 

1,.524 
499 
141 

28 
440 
323 

93 

890 

310 

106 

26 

363 

11 

74 

21,819 

19,937 

1,09.5 

240 

267 

858, 165 
279,831 

83,844 

8,201 

248,565 

172,596 

65,128 

562,717 

183,254 

74,283 

15,986 

241,348 

1,125 

44,711 

15,536,294 

13,959,568 

993, 67j) 

157. 287 

167,603 

888,909 
312,049 

3,315 
572,345 

1,200 

833.045 

831,963 

150 

9 

10 

11 
1? 

932 

13 
14 

171,075 

1,418,446 

566,832 

1193,226 

34,018 

531,693 

171,075 

862,310 
40,879 
193,226 
6,535 
529,898 

15 

493,073 
490, 010 

63.063 
33,943 

478,136 
102,530 

363,179 
362,871 

16 
17 
IS 

363 
1,795 

27,120 

373,606 

100 
205 

19 

Of) 

?1 

92,677 

77,222.323 

73.334,197 

2,072,327 

641.019 

263,199 

905 

66,194,451 
66,189,097 

91,772 

4,428,705 

1,380,432 

2,072,227 

21,266 

263,199 

■>? 

6,. 599. 167 

5,984,668 

100 

614,399 

16.9.52.331 

4,817.285 

1.000 

12,134,046 

121,200,209 
121,199,620 

23 
24 

5,354 

589 

26 

•>fi 

1,019,618 

1,229,110 

8,000 

50,000 

691,581 

41,683 
16,000 
25,685 

691,581 
25,685 

280 

269 
11 
12 

258,166 

366,114 
13,538 
11,451 

"><* 

16,000 
16,000 

500 

V\ 

^1 

25,685 

500 

^o 

3? 

34 

33 

1,171,110 

2,913,897 

323,613 

89,109 

32,450 

365,223 

1,989,263 

114,237 

246 

1,468 

265 

50 

18 

737 

326 

72 

341,125 

633,613 
82,431 
21,0.56 
5,271 
292,046 
182,977 
66,832 

36 

1,179,  .540 

234,331 

63,024 

12, 892 

794,294 

88,088 
86,980 

136,252 

118,798 

495 

12,675 

2,384 

955,200 

28,353 

64,. 529 

217 

790,802 

929,816 

691,442 

1,990 

208,773 

16,811 

45,778 
45.412 

37 
38 
30 

40 

1,108 

366 

41 

4'> 

72,999 

1,900 

71,099 

10,800 

43 

2,433,815 

223,275 

.30,500 

17,350 

219,125 

1,893,765 

21,800 

227,110 
58,550 
9,800 
1,200 
73,110 
66,000 
18,450 

210,640 

41,788 
48,809 
13,100 
41,488 
26,500 
38,955 

40,332 

720,148 
163,782 
28,982 
8,663 
506,241 

57.219 
56,111 

103,792 

92,367 

495 

8,546 

2,384 

559,137 

13,304 

28,487 

117 

502,749 

1,025 

186 

23 

8 

485 

313 

10 

196 

44 

8 

428.861 

54.294 

6,620 

1,694 

180, 838 

178,652 

6,763 

80,868 
13,090 
4,050 

50.812 
2,550 
10,366 

107,  .534 
15,017 
13,386 
2,777 
60,096 
925 
15,303 

36,350 

744.004 

565.  .529 

1,990 

1.59,674 

16,811 

23,380 
23,014 

44 
45 
46 

47 

1,108 

366 

48 
49 

12,480 

230,813 

31,365 

9,246 

900 
166,619 

12,480 

201,493 

2,845 

9,246 

100 

166,619 

50 

14,723 
14,723 

14,597 
13,797 

60,620 
57,420 

7,3S0 
7,3«0 

51 
52 
53 

800 

3,200 

54 

124 
7 
13 

208 
35 
19 
8 
124 
3 
19 

39 

55 

56 

22,683 

223,339 

39,181 

26,796 

3,329 

119,634 

22,683 

191,230 
10,404 
26,796 

16, 146 
16,146 

13,963 
12,634 

114.392 
68,493 

13,018 
15,018 

58 
59 
60 

3,329 

43,899 

61 

119,634 

67 

63 

34,396 
5,240 

34,396 
3,340 

64 

1,900 

10,800 

6S 

66 

67 

800 

1,500 

3,000 

35,032 

2 

4 

3 

30 

800 

300 

830 

34,400 

68 

1,800 

1,800 

69 

70 

3,440 

1.900 

),M0 

10,800 

71 

156 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 

Table  32.— ALL  VESSELS,  BY  CLASS, 


CLASS,  OCCUPATION,  AND  OWNERSIIir. 

Number 

TONNAOE, 

RIGGED. 

Horsepower 
of  engines. 

CONSTRUCTION. 

o( 

vessels. 

Gross. 

Net. 

Screw. 

side- 
wheel. 

Stem- 
wheel. 

Metal. 

Wood. 

Com- 
posite. 

1 

SAa 

102 

119 

42 

1 

145,  450 

144,057 

495 

298 

137, 087 

136,372 

432 

283 

! 

25 
25 

137 

94 

42 

1 

? 

« 

1 

Yachts     .              

4 

:::::::::: 

a 

75 

3S 

39 

1 

12 
9 
3 

14,402 

13,639 

405 

298 

2,554 

2,524 

30 

13, 559 

12,874 

402 

283 

2,436 

2,406 

30 

1 

75 

35 

39 

1 

12 
9 

3 

n 

Yachts 



* 

8 

n 

Firm 

10 

Freight  and  passenger 

1 

11 

Yachts 

1? 

Uiscellaiieous 

11 

75 
75 

128,494 
128, 494 

121,092 
121,092 

25 
25 

so 

60 

14 

Freight  and  passenger    . 

IS 

Yiichts  .           

If) 

Mt'5'^ellanpniis 

i 

17 

All  other  ownership 

IS 

Freight  and  passenger 

10 

Yachts  .          . .          ...           

( 

'.   

?n 

.... 

h   ' 

■>! 

_ 

Ri7 

181,611 

168,189 

117 

735 

r. 

•w 

82 

47 

713 

1.) 

16,836                 10.251 

5 

1 

no 
1 

77 

46 

598 

14 

n 

3,476 

159,291 

2,003 

3,263 

11(1,007 

2,008 



?4 

5 

?'i 

All  other  ownership,  miscellaneous 



» Includes  1,503  tons  of  freight  handled  by  Ashing  vessels.     The  statistics  of  fishing  vcssois  are  not  included  in  the  comparative  taMcs  of  this  report. 


GREAT  LAKES  AND  ST.  LAWRENCE  RIVER. 

OCCUPATION,  AND  OWNERSHIP:  1916— Continued. 


157 


Value  of 
vessels. 

INCOUE. 

Number 
employed 
on  vessels. 

Total. 

Freight. 

Passenger.              All  other. 

Wages.                  passengers       1      (tons  of  2,000 
carried.                   pounds). 

$4,351,287 

4,278,137 
70,150 
3,000 

»1, 611, 810 
1,603,310 

$1,592,510 
1,592,510 

$19,300 
10,800 

878 

856 

17 

5 

$464,581 

4.56,096 

5,425 

3,060 

1,730,990 
1,730,990 

] 

^ 

8,500 

8,500 

4 

269,900 

201,950 

64,950 

3,000 

40,000 

34,800 

5,200 

403,505 
395, 005 

381.342 
384,342 

19,163 
10,663 

209 

188 

16 

5 

46 

1 

101.877 
93,542 
5,275 
3,060 

27,035 

26,885 

150 

271.685 
271,685 

R 

5 

7 

8,500 

93,589 
93,589 

8,500 

37 
37 

8 

0 

93,552 
93,552 

X,B\1 

56  511  iin 

a 

12 

4,041.387 
4,041,387 

1,114,716 
1,114,716 

1,114,616 
1,114,616 

100 
100 

623 
623 

335,669 
335,669 

1  402,794 

1,402,794   M 

15 
16 

17 
18 
19 
20 

21 



1 

1 





8,157,88* 

3,978,772 

1,226,075 

2,752,697 

1,832 

1,141,297 

1,212,347 

333,668 

119,505 

7,554,542 

150, 169 

321,108 

109,442 

3,430,932 

117,290 

182,437 
35,364 

1,008,274 

138,671 

74,078 

2,422,658 

117,290 

235 

89 

1,432 

76 

105,315 
37,026 
966,737 

32,219 

116,947 

27,632  23 
1,067,768  24 

25 

'^'^x 


MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  AND  ITS 
TRIBUTARIES 


159 


MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES. 


By  Story  B.  Ladd. 


SCOPE    OF    THE    REPORT. 

This  section  of  the  report  on  transportation  by 
water  presents  the  statistics  for  the  year  ending 
December  31,  1916,  for  all  water  craft  of  5  tons  or 
over  net  register  operated  on  the  waters  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River  and  its  tributaries.  The  statistics  for  the 
operations  of  craft  on  other  waters  are  treated  in  the 
various  sections  of  this  report,  designated  as  Atlantic 
Coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico;  the  Pacific  Coast  (including 
Alaska);  the  Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River; 
and  Canals  and  other  inland  waters.  The  las1> 
named  division  includes  certain  waters  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Valley  not  connected  by  open  navigation  with 
the  Mississippi  River,  such  as  Big  Stone,  Leech,  and 
Minnetonka  Lakes  in  Jklinnesota,  Buffalo  Lake  and 
WoK  River  in  Wisconsin,  and  Caddo  Lake  in  Louisiana. 
Certain  waters  included  lander  "Canals  and  other  inland 
waters"  are  the  Red  River  (of  the  North) ,  which  flows 
north  into  Lake  "Winnipeg,  and  its  tributaries.  Traverse 
Lake  and  Red  Lake  of  Minnesota;  and  Rainey  River, 
Rainey  Lake  and  Vermillion  Lake,  ^Minnesota,  tribu- 
taries of  the  Great  Lakes. 

The  statistics  for  the  Mississippi  River  and  its 
tributaries  are  grouped  under  three  heads,  designated 
as  the  Upper  Mississippi,  the  Lower  Mississippi,  and 
the  Ohio  systems,  these  classifications  conformmg 
to  those  used  at  the  censuses  of  1906  and  1889. 
The  statistics  of  freight  shipments  and  receipts 
are  shown  for  the  leadmg  ports  and  the  principal 
streams,  each  stream  being  credited  vnth  the  freight 
that  had  its  origin  thereon  or  was  received  at  its  ports 
or  landings. 

The  tributaries  of  the  Upper  Mississippi  system  in  the 
order  of  their  importance  as  conveyors  of  freight  in 
1916  are  the  Missomi,  Illinois,  Osage,  Gasconade,  St. 
Croix,  and  Rock.  The  Osage  and  Gasconade  are 
branches  of  the  Missouri,  and  the  statistics  therefor 
are  in  some  of  the  tables  combined  with  those  for  the 
Missouri. 

Of  the  Ohio  system,  the  tributaries  for  which  data 
can  be  separately  reported  are,  according  to  freight 
rank,  the  Monongahela,  Kanawha,  Tennessee,  Cum- 
berland, Green,  Little  Kanawha,  Kentucky,  Wabash, 
Muskingum,  Allegheny,  Big  Sandy,  and  Middle  Island 
Creek;  and  of  the  Lower  Mississippi  system,  the  Yazoo, 
White,  Sunflower — a  branch  of  the  Yazoo — Ouachita, 


116515°— 20 


-11 


.Vi'kansas,  Black  of  Arkansas,  Red,  St.  Francis,  Bayou 
Lafourche,  Hatchie,  Atchafalaya,  L'Anguille,  Tensas, 
and  Macon  Bayou. 

St.  Louis  has  been  taken  as  the  point  of  separation 
between  the  L^pper  and  Lower  Mississippi  River  sys- 
tems, freight  to  or  from  ports  below  St.  Louis  being 
credited  to  the  Lower  Mississippi  and  to  or  from  ports 
above  St.  Louis  to  the  Upper  Mississippi.  The  local 
traffic  at  St.  Louis  is  included  in  the  Lower  ^Mississippi 
system.  With  respect  to  Cairo,  111.,  the  Ohio  system 
has  received  credit  for  freight  pertaining  to  the  Ohio 
River  or  any  of  its  tributaries,  and  the  Lower  Missis- 
sippi system  credit  for  freight  below  Cairo. 

The  traffic  reported  for  a  specific  stream  includes 
that  on  all  branches  thereof  unless  otherwise  stated. 

The  line  of  separation  between  traffic  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  is  made  at  Port 
Eads.  All  local  traffic  between  New  Orleans  and  Port 
Eads  and  on  the  bayous  of  Louisiana  tributary  to  the 
Mississippi  are  included  in  this  section  of  the  report. 
But  ocean  and  gulf  traffic  to  or  from  New  Orleans  and 
traffic  on  Lake  Pontchartrain  and  its  tributaries  and 
on  Grand  Lake  and  the  gulf  outlets  to  the  bayous  and 
rivers  of  lower  Louisiana  are  included  in  the  Atlantic 
Coast  and  Gulf  section. 

In  cases  where  boats  operated  upon  several  streams, 
as  on  the  Tennessee,  Ohio,  and  Mississippi  Rivers,  and 
the  traffic  could  not  be  distributed,  it  has  been  assigned 
to  the  waters  of  the  home  port,  or  the  port  showing  the 
bulk  of  the  freight  shipments. 

GENERAL   SUMMARY. 

This  is  the  third  comprehensive  census  of  all  water 
craft  and  of  transportation  by  water.  The  first  cov- 
ered the  year  1889  and  the  second,  1906.  The  census 
of  ISSO  took  cognizance  of  steam  oraft  only  and  of 
freight  carried  by  the  barge  lines  of  St.  Louis  and  the 
coal  barges  of  Pittsburgh.  Hence  comparative  sta- 
tistics are  confined  to  those  for  1889,  1906,  and  1916, 
representing  intervals  of  17  years  and  10  years, 
respectively. 

There  wfil  be  foimd  in  the  report  on  Transportation 
Business  in  the  L^nited  States,  Eleventh  Censiis,  1890, 
Part  II — Transportation  by  Water— a  review  of  early 
transportation  on  the  rivers  of  the  Mississippi  'S'alley. 

Table  1  gives  the  general  statistics  for  1916,  1906, 
and  1889  for  all  vessels  and  craft  except  fishing  vessels, 

161 


162 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


which  are  excluded  from  all  comparative  tables  in  this 
report.  For  cen.siLs  purposes  the  classification  desig- 
nated "Steam"  in  all  tables  unless  otherwise  stated 
includes  all  vessels  equipped  with  machinery  for  pro- 
pelling power,  whether  using  steam  or  iutemal-combus- 


tion  engines.  No  sail  or  electric  motor  vessels  of  5  tons 
net  register  or  over  were  reported  for  this  division. 
The  unrigged  class  includes  all  craft  without  motive 
power  of  their  own,  such  as  barges,  flats,  scows,  lighters 
and  dredges,  derricks,  etc. 


Table  1.— ALL  VESSELS  AND  CRAFT,  EXCLUSIVE  OF  FISHING  VESSELS:  1916, 

1906,  AND  1889. 

TOT.VL. 

STE.lM.l 

UNRIGGED. 

1916 

1906! 

1889 

1916 

1906 

1889 

19t6 

1906 

1889 

Number  (A  vcs.«;eis 

7,239 

1 , 621 , 495 

$23, 030,  ,503 

$17,4.39,746 

14,  70() 

$6,380,325 

17,  .599,378 

>  40,169,427 

< 27,  962,. 583 

12,206,844 

9,622 

4,411,967 

$22,852,142 

$17,342,038 

1.5,016 

$.5,692,117 

14,122,241 

•  31,626,981 

»  26, 436, 690 

5,190,291 

7,30n 

3,3M,610 

$!4,407,162 

$16, 33!,. 872 

1,5,951 

S.5, 3.37. 185 

jn,!i58,894 

2<l,  40! ,  409 

28, 289,. 503 

1,111,906 

1,700 

119,963 

$13,143,051 

$11, .502,672 

12,. 509 

$5,0(11,681 

16,  ,596, 431 

7,992,998 

7,992,998 

1,433 

146,  227 

J13,196,770 

$15,410,136 

13, 973 

$5, 148,  .581 

13,890,850 

6  787,994 

6,787,994 

972 

192,974 

$9,622,608 

10, 345,  ,504 
!0,,345,.5n4 

5.  .539 

1,501,, 532 

$9,887,449 

$5,937,074 

2,197 

Sl,2a8  644 

1,002,947 

32,176,429 

19, 969,  .585 

12,20(1,844 

8,187 

4,26,5,740 

$9, 6.55, 372 

$1,931,902 

1,043 

$543,536 

231,391 

24,838,987 

19,648,696 

5,190,291 

6,328 
3,171,636 

$4,784,554 

(») 

(>) 

(') 

« 

FreiKtit  and  harbor  work  (tons  of  2,000  pounds) 

19,0,55,905 
17,943,996 

1,111,909 

1  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery  (no  sail  vessels  reported  for  this  division), 
5  Not  includinR  14  boatsof  653  gross  tons  for  which  detailed  statistics  are  not  available. 
J  Figure  not  available. 


« Inchides  12,332,713  tons  of  freight  trin-^ferred  by  railway  car  ferries. 
'  Includes  6,905,597  tons  of  freight  transferred  by  railway  car  ferries. 


Tlie  vessels  propelled  by  machinery,  although  show- 
mg  an  increase  in  number  for  each  year,  decreased  in 
tonnage,  due  to  an  increase  in  the  number  of  motor 
craft  which  had  small  average  tonnage.  In  1916,  of 
the  1,700  vessels  propelled  by  macliinery,  6.3.5,  or  37.4 
per  cent,  were  steam  vessels  averaging  162  gross  tons 
and  1,065,  or  62.6  per  cent,  were  motor  boats 
averaging  16  tons,  whereas  in  1906  the  proportions 
were  opposite,  61.6  per  cent  being  steam  vessels  of  an 
average  of  158  tons  and  38.4  per  cent  motor  craft 
of  an  average  of  11  tons. 

The  most  marked  change  is  in  unrigged  craft.  The 
figures  show  a  very  large  decrease  in  number  and  ton- 
nage for  1916  as  compared  with  1906,  due  chiefly 
to  the  decrease  in  the  number  and  tonnage  of  coal 
barges  in  the  fleets  of  the  big  Pittsburgh  companies 
operated  on  the  Ohio. 

Formerly  the  boats  in  service  or  many  of  tliem  were 
barges  buUt  for  a  single-tow  river  trip,  and  after  dis- 
charging at  New  Orleans  or  other  lower  river  ports 
they  were  sold  for  lumber.  Tliis  practice,  due  to  the 
absence  of  return  freight  and  the  expense  of  returning 
the  boats,  has  been  to  a  great  extent  discontinued. 
In  1906  the  unrigged  craft  reported  averaged  over  500 
gross  tons,  with  an  average  value  per  boat  of  $1,179, 
a  unit  ton  value  of  $2.26,  whereas  in  1916,  though  the 
average  tonnage  per  boat  was  but  271  tons,  the  aver- 
age value  per  boat  was  .?1,7S5,  or  a  unit  ton  value  of 
$6.58. 

Table  2  gives  the  per  cent  of  increase  of  the  several 
statistical  items  for  the  census  periods. 


Table  2. — All  Vessels  and  Craft,  Exclusive  op  Fishing  Ves- 
sels, Per  Cent  of  Increase:  1889-191G  and  1906-1916. 


PER 

CENT  OF  INCREASE.! 

To 

al. 

Steam.' 

Unrigged. 

1906- 
1916 

18S9- 
1916 

1906- 
1916 

1989- 
1916 

1906- 
1916 

1889- 
1916 

-24.8 

-63.2 

0.8 

0.6 

-2,1 

12.1 

24.6 

27.0 

5.8 

135.2 

-0  8 
-51.8 
59.9 
6.8 
-7.8 
19.5 
62.1 

36.6 
-1.2 
997.8 

18.5 

-18.0 

-0.4 

-2.5.4 

-10  5 

-1.1 

19.5 

17.8 
17.8 

74.9 

-37.8 

36.6 

-22.7 
-22.7 

-32.3 
-M.S 
2.4 
207.3 
110.6 
137.1 
333.4 

29.5 

1.6 

135.2 

-12.5 

dross  tonnage 

—52.  7 
10<i.  7 

Cross  income 

Number  employed  on  vessels... 
Wages 

Number  of  passengers  carried .. . 

Freight  and  harbor  work  (tons 

of  2,000  poimds) 

68.9 

Freight  carried 

11.3 

997.  a 

>  A  minus  sign  (  — )  denotes  decrease. 
'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


Dlagram  1. — Gross  Tonnage  of  All  V^essels  and  Craft,  Ex- 
clusive OF  Fishing  Vessels:  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


HUNOneDS  OF  THOUGANOA  of  TONi 


MJuNHiooep 


OROM  TONN&OE   1916 


MTSSTSSIPPI  RIVER  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES. 


163 


Dlagram  2. — ^Value  op  All  Vessels  and  Ckaft,  Exclusive  of 
Ftshtno  VESi=ELs:  1916,  I'JOfi,  and  1889. 


MIlXfONS  OF  OOLiJlRB 


ISI6 
1906 
1888 


y////////////////////////////////. 

y/////////////////////////^^^^ 

y/////y/////////////////y 


h.i..^„.,y..i„ 


mSi^ 


VACUE  OF  VESSELS   IBIfl 


Diagram  3. — Geoss  Income  op  All  Vessels  and  Craft,  Ex- 
clusive OP  Fishing  Vessels:  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 

MtLLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 


1916 
1806 
1889 


y/////?yy//////////////////^^^^ 


SEPARATE     FIQUBES     NOT    AVAILABLE 


K'"""  ■■-'/] 


UNRIGOEO 


COME    1016 


Census  of  1880. — Table  3  gives  the  general  statis- 
tics as  reported  at  tlie  census  of  1880.  This  census 
was  confined  to  the  Merchant  Steam  Marine  and 
covered  steam  vessels  and  the  unrigged  craft  operated 
in  conjunction  therewith,  represented  by  the  barge 
lines  of  St.  Louis  and  the  coal  barge  traffic  of  Pitts- 
burgh. Conseciueutly,  the  statistics  are  not  shown  in 
comparison  with  those  for  later  censuses. 


Taisle  3. 


-Merchant  Steam  Marine:  Rivers  op  the  Missis- 
sippi Valley — Census  op  1880." 


Number  of  vessel-^ 

Steam 

Unrigged 

Gross  tonnage 

Steam 

Vnrigged 

Value  of  ve^els 

Pte-im 

Unrigged 

Oro,<:s  income 

Xumber  o{  employees  (or- 
dinary crew) 

Wages 

Nimiber  of  passengers  car- 
ried  

Freicht  moved  (net  tons) . 

Steam 

Unrigged 


Number  or 
amount. 


5,a52 
1,198 

l,im,(il7 

251,793 

909, S24 

$10,379,400 

$12,009,400 

«..370,000 

$20,293,173 

?3,fil6 
$6,979,226 

6,728,067 
IS,  946,522 
13, 5,57, 8JH 

5,388,638 


Steam  vesselx,  by  occupa- 
lion. 

Passenger  and  freight, 
number 

<:ross  tonnage , 

Value , 

Ferryboats,  number 

Gross  tonnage 

Value 

Towing  and  harbor  ves- 
sels, ntmiber 

Gross  tonnage 

Value 

Miscellaneous,  number... 

Gross  tonnage 

Value 


Number  or 
amount. 


SB 

166,376 

$7,059,900 

177 

21,307 

$1,022,900 

477 

63,225 

$3,800,500 

41 

885 

$126, 100 


'  From  report  on  Transportation  on  the  Rivers  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  for  the 
Eleventh  Census,  pp,  448  and  449, 

Table  4  gives  the  general  statistics  for  the  United 
States  and  for  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributa- 
ries for  1916,  1906,  and  1889,  and  shows  for  tlie  sev- 
eral items  the  proportion  that  the  Mississippi  River 
and  its  tributaries  formed  of  the  total  for  the  United 
States  for  each  year. 


Table  4.— ALL  \'T:SSELS  AND  CRAFT  OPERATED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  AND  ON  THE  iflSSISSIPPI  HIVT.R  AND 
ITS  TRIBUTARIES  SEPARATELY.  WITH  PER  CENT  THOSE  OPERATED  ON  THE  MISSISSIPPI  RI\T<;R  AND  ITS  TRIB- 
UTARIES FORM  OF  THE  TOTAL  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES:  191G,  1906,  AND  1889. 


Ntmibcr  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnage 

Value  of  vessels 

Gross  income 

Number  employed  on  vessels 

Wages ". 

Number  of  passengers  carried 

Freight  and  harbor  work  (tons of  2, 000 pounds) 

Freight  carried 

Harbor  work 


ITNITED  STATES. 


1916 


37, 

12, 249, 

$959, 925, 

$563,736, 

153, 

$103,  235, 

331,590, 

381,332, 

258,002, 

123,350, 


1906 


12, 

$507, 
$294, 

S71, 
366, 
265, 
177, 


37,321 

.893,429 
973,  121 
854,532 
140,929 
636,521 
825,663 
545,804 
519,758 
028,046 


1889 


30, 

8, 359, 

S206, 992, 

$161,994, 

113, 

$41,482, 

198, 992, 

129,851, 


MISSISSUTI  KIVER   AND  ITS  TKmrTAMIS. 


1916 


7,239 

1,621,495 

$23,():iO,.W3 

$17,439,746 

14,706 

$6,380,325 

17, 599, 378 

40,169,427 

27,9t>2,5S3 

12,206,844 


1906 


9,622 

4,411,967 

$22, So2, 142 

$17,342,038 

15,016 

$5,692,117 

14,122,241 

31,«2(),9Sl 

26, 436, 690 

5, 190, 291 


1889 


7,300 
3,364,610 

$14,467,162 

$16,331,872 

15,951 

$5,337,185 

10,85,S,S94 

29,401,409 

2S,2S9,,V13 

1,111,906 


PER  CENT  MTSSI.*'5:IPPI 
RITER  AND  PTS  TRIBU- 
TAUILS  FORM  OF  THE 
TOTAL  JOB  UNITED 
STATES. 


1916 


19.1- 
13.2 
2.4 
3.1 
9.6 
6.2 
5.3 
10.5 
10,8 
9.9 


1906 


25.8 
34.2 
4.5 
5.9 
10.7 
7.9 
3.S 
11.9 
14.9 
5.9 


1889 


23.9 
40.3 

7.0 
10.1 
14.0 
12.8 

5.5 
22.6 


»  Figures  not  available. 


In  general  the  growth  of  water  commerce  on  the 
Mississippi  and  its  tributaries  has  not  kept  pace  with 
the  growth  for  all  waters  combined.  For  every  sta- 
tistical item  of  the  table,  with  the  exception  of  number 
of  passengers  carried  and  tons  of  harbor  work,  the  pro- 
portion the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries 
formed  of  the  total  was  less  in   1916   than  in  1906, 


and,  with  the  exception  of  number  of  vessels,  less 
in  1906  than  in  1889. 

Table  5  gives,  for  1916  and  1906,  the  number  and 
gross  tonnage  of  vessels,  by  class,  for  the  United  States 
and  for  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries,  with 
the  proportion  that  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tribu- 
taries formed  of  the  total  for  the  United  States. 


164 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  5.— NUMBER  AND  GROSS  TONNAGE  OF  ALL  ^-ESSELS  AND  CRAFT  OPERATED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES 
AND  ON  THE  MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES  SEPARATELY,  BY  OCCUPATION.  WITH  PER  CENT 
THOSE  ON  THE  MISSISSIPPI  RH^R  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES  FORM  OF  TOTAL  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES:  1916, 
1906,  AND  1889. 


CLASS. 

UNTIED  STATES. 

UISSISSIFPI  EIVER  .\ND  ITS  TBIBCTABIES. 

FEB      CENT      MISSIS.Sirn 
BIVER  AND  ITS  TRIBU- 
TARIES  FORM     OF    THE 
TOTAL       FOR       UNITED 
STATES. 

Number. 

Gross  tonnage. 

Xumbcr.       !         Gross  tonnage. 

Number. 

Gross  ton- 
nage. 

1916 

1906 

1918 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

37,894 

37,321 

12,249,990 

12,893,429 

7,239 

9,622 

1,621,495 

4,411,967 

19.1 

25.8 

13.2 

34  2 

32,330 

7,696 

611 

3,689 

20,334 

4,354 
1,210 

14,581 
2,979 

32,674 

8,796 

536 

3,079 

20,263 

3,770 

877 

9,927 
7,131 

12,058,424 

6,506,910 

224,328 

284,135 

5,063,061 

123,007 
68,559 

6,097,562 
1,089,377 

12,736,329 

5,084,450 

261,073 

261,375 

7,129,631 

106, 430 
50,470 

4,059,521 
1,704,277 

6,877 
389 
213 
736 

5,539 

32.5 
37 

1,700 

9,362 

390 

'166 

619 

8,187 

222 
38 

1,435 

1,611,262 
48,602 
11,263 
49,865 

1.501,532 

6,429 
3,804 

119,963 

4,406,535 
55,779 
22,180 
62,836 

4, 265, 740 

3,255 
2,177 

146,227 

21.3 
5.1 
34.9 
19.1 
27.2 

7.5 
3.1 

11.7 

28.7 
4.4 
31.0 
20.1 
40.4 

5.9 
4.3 

14.5 

13.4 
0.7 
5.0 

18.9 
29.7 

5.2 
5.5 

2.0 

34.6 

Freight  and  passenger 

1  1 

Ferrvboats              

8  5 

24.0 

59. 8 

Yachts 

3.1 

Misopllan'^ou.s      

4.3 

3.6 

1 

1  Includes  14  railway  transfers  which  in  1916  were  classified  as  rreight  and  passenger  vessels . 


*  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


The  statistics  ia  this  report  are  treated  under  the 
following  heads : 

1.  Construction. — The  vessels  are  classified  by  char- 
acter of  construction,  whether  wood,  metal,  or  com- 
posite, that  is,  of  iron  or  steel  frame  with  wooden 
sheathmg  and  decks,  and  the  several  groups  are 
classified  according  to  character  of  service.  These 
data  are  comparative  for  1916  and  1906  and  are  con- 
fined to  number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value. 

2.  Propulsion. — ^This  classification  relates  to  vessels 
propelled  by  machinery,  whether  stern  wheel,  side 
wheel,  or  screw.  Paddle  wheels  largely  predominated, 
and  particularly  stern  wheels.  The  several  groups  are 
subdivided  according  to  character  of  service.  The 
data  given  are  comparative  for  1916  and  1906  and 
relate  to  number  and  gross  tonnage. 

3.  Kind  of  power  used. — This  classification,  relating 
also  to  machinery  propelled  vessels,  is  according  to  the 
character  of  the  powerused,  whether  steam,  gasohne,or 
other  power,  with  subclassLfications  according  to  char- 
acter of  service,  and  is  comparative  for  1916  and  1906. 

4.  Size. — This  classification  is  for  all  vessels  and  is 
according  to  tonnage,  the  groups  being  vessels  of 
less  than  50  tons  gross  register,  50  but  less  than  100, 
100  to  199,  200  to  299,  300  to  399,  400  to  499,  500  to 
999,  and  1,000  tons  and  over. 

5.  Ownership. — Under  this  heading  are  presented 
the  statistics  for  number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value  of 
all  vessels  for  1916  and  1906,  classified  according  to 
character  of  ownership,  with  subdivisions  for  steam 
vessels  and  unrigged  vessels. 


6.  Employees  and  salaries  and  wages. — These  statis- 
tics relate  to  the  number  employed  on  vessels  and  the 
number  employed  on  land  incident  to  the  operation  of 
the  vessels,  with  salaries  and  wages,  for  1916  and  1906, 
and  with  subdivisions  according  to  character  of  service. 

7.  Income. — The  statistics  for  income  from  passen- 
gers, freight,  and  all  other  sources,  1916  and  1906,  are 
given  by  class  of  vessels. 

8.  Freight. — Tlie  statistics  for  freight  show  the 
tonnage  handled  by  water  craft  in  1916  and  1906, 
classified  by  commodities,  by  ports,  by  rivers  and 
river  systems,  and  by  boat  classes,  whether  on  steam- 
ers or  on  towed  barges ;  also  the  tonnage  lightered  and 
that  handled  by  railway  car  transfers. 

9.  Passengers. — The  statistics  for  passenger  traffic 
are  classified  by  rivers  and  river  systems  and  by 
ferryboats  and  other  vessels. 

10.  Ferryboats. — The  general  statistics  for  ferry- 
boats are  comparative  for  1916,  1906,  and  1889  and  are 
given  in  detail  for  1916  and  1906  by  river  systems  and 
districts. 

11.  Other  classes  of  statistics. — Detail  statistics  are 
also  given  for  yachts,  work  boats,  railway  shipping, 
Government  vessels,  fishing  craft  and  idle  craft  for 
1916  and  1906. 

CONSTRUCTION. 

Table  6  presents  the  statistics  for  number,  gross 
tonnage,  and  value  of  all  craft  classified  according  to 
material  of  construction  and  character  of  service  or 
occupation  for  1916  and  1906. 


MISSISSIPPI  KIVER  AND  ITS  TRIBUTAPJES. 


165 


Table  6.— NTTifBER,  GROSS  TONNAGE,  AND  VALUE  OF  "^^SSELS.  BY  CHARACTER  OF  CONSTRUCTION  AND  BY  CLASS 

AND  OCCUPATION:  1916  AND  1906. 


CLASS  AND  OCCUPATION. 


Aggregate 

Steam' 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels 

Ferryboats 

Yachts 

Miscellaneous 

Unrigged 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
X906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


Num- 
ber. 


7,239 
9,622 


1,700 
1,435 

3S9 
390 

736 
619 

213 
166 

323 
222 

37 


5,539 

S,1S7 


Gross 
tonnage. 


Value. 


I  Num- 
I  ber. 


Gross 
tonnage. 


Value. 


1,621,495 
4,411,967 


$23,030,303 

22,Ko2, 142 


6,796 
9,513 


1,502,966 
4,377,480 


$16,370,993 
20,213,460 


coMPosrrE. 


Num- 
ber. 


Gross 
tonnage. 


411     116,112 
107       33,893 


119,963 
146,227 

48,602 
55,779 

49,863 
62,836 

11,263 
22,180 

6,429 
3,255 

3,804 
2,177 


1,501,532 
4,265.740 


13,U3,a54 
13,196,770 

4,-531,749 
3, 737, 450 

5,917,111 
6,822,210 

1,014,950 
1,776,360 

1,206,133 
563,400 

473,091 
297,350 


9,887,449 
9,655,372 


1,554 

92,263 

1,358 

129,141 

338 

38.362 

379 

52,692 

668 

39,843 

578 

55,881 

192 

6,316 

153 

15,604 

304 

4,942 

211 

2,887 

32 

2,800 

37 

2,077 

5,242 

1,410,703 

8,155 

4,248,339 

S,92:j,172 
10,870,593 

132 
75 

2,96.3,223 
3,407,950 

30 

10 

4,138,755 
5,571,777 

60 
40 

614,900 
1,156,616 

18 
13 

848,203 
471,900 

20 
11 

358,091 
262,350 

4 

1 

7,447,821 
9,342,867 

279 
32 

26.243 
16,492 

10,018 
2,%2 

9,120 
6,486 

4,873 
6,576 

1,480 

368 

750 
100 


17,401 


Value. 


Num- 
ber. 


$6,  .392, 750 
2.380,6^2 

3,973,8S2 
2,268,177 

1,. 543, 526 
321,500 

1, .596,356 
1,200,433 

393,530 
619, 744 

356,4.50 
91,500 

84,000 
35,000 


2,418,868 
312,505 


18 


Gross 
tonnage. 


Value. 


2, 417     J286, 760 
594         58,000 


1, 457 
594 


222 
123 


902 
460 

72 


254 


960 


24.'5,0OO 
58,000 

25,000 
8,000 

182.000 
50,000 

6,500 


1,500 


31,000 


20,760 


'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


The  per  cent  distribution  of  the  number,  tonnage, 
and  value  as  between  wooden  vessels  and  metal  and 
composite  vessels  is  given  in  Table  7  for  all  vessels  and 
for  vessels  of  various  classes,  these  percentages  being 
based  upon  the  data  given  in  Table  6. 

Table  7. — Number,  Gross  Tonnage,  and  Value  of  Vessels, 
BY  Character  op  Co.vstruction  and  by  Class  and  Occupa- 
tion, Pee  Ce.nt  of  Total:  1916  and  1906. 


>— •  i:  x.^^E. 

VALUE. 

class,     OCCtJPATIO!.-,     AND     CENStTS 
YEAR. 

Wood. 

Metal 
and 
com- 
posite. 

Wood. 

Metal 
and 
com- 
posite. 

Wood. 

Metal 
and 
com- 
posite. 

Aggregate: 

1916 

93.9 

98.9 

6.1 
1.1 

92.7 
99.2 

7.3 

0.8 

71.1 

88.5 

1906 

11  5 

Steam:! 

1916 

91.4 
94.7 

92.0 
97.2 

90.8 
93.4 

90.1 
92.2 

93.5 
95.0 

86.5 
97.3 

94.6 
99.6 

8.6 
5.3 

8.0 
2.8 

9.2 
6.6 

9.9 

7.8 

6.5 
5.0 

13.5 
2.7 

5.4 
0.4 

76.9 
83.3 

78.9 
94.5 

79.9 
88.9 

56.1 
70i4 

76.9 
88.7 

73.6 
95.4 

94.0 
99.6 

23.1 

11.7 

21.1 
3.5 

20.1 
11.1 

43.9 
29.6 

23.1 
11.3 

26.4 
4.6 

6.0 
0.4 

67.9 

82.4 

65.4 
91.2 

70.0 
82.7 

60.6 
65.1 

70.3 

83.8 

73.7 
88.2 

73.3 
96.8 

1906 

17  6 

Freight  and  passenger: 

1916 

1906... 

8.8 
30  0 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels: 
1916 

1906 ! 

Ferrrboats: 

1916 

1906 

34  9 

Yachts: 

1916 

1906 .... 

16  2 

Miscellaneous: 

1916 

24  3 

1906 

Unrigged: 

1916 

1906 

32 

!  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

A  notable  feature  is  the  proportionate  increase  In 
metal  and  composite  vessels. 

Metal  vessels  constituted  5.7  per  cent  in  number  and 
7.2  per  cent  in  tonnage  of  all  craft  in  1916,  as  compared 
with  1.1  per  cent  in  number  and  eight-tenths  of  1  per 
ccntm  tonnage  in  1906,  and  composite  vessels,  although 
not  numerous,  show  proportionately  a  very  large  in- 


crease. The  increase  in  number  of  metal  vessels 
during  the  period  1906  to  1916  was  at  the  rate  of 
284.1  per  cent,  while  wooden  craft  show  a  decrease  in 
number  of  28.6  per  cent,  in  gross  tonnage  of  65.7  per 
cent,  and  in  value  of  19  per  cent.  At  the  census  of 
1889  the  character  of  construction  was  not  reported. 

Dlagrau  4. — Gross  Tonnage  op  Steam  and  Unbigged  Ves- 
sels, BY  Character  of  Construction:  1916  and  1906. 


«Tt«M 

meM 

! 

'^tem  " 

■J-_-.  ■ 

,„....  , , 

■-'S^ 

i 

1                                  iHj                                                                            M                                  t 

Dligram  6. — Value   op  Steam  and  Unrigged  Vessels,   by 
Character  op  Construction:  1916  and  1906. 


y/m/m 


W\ 


cowposrrc 


166 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


PROPULSION    AND    POWER. 

Table  8  gives  for  1916  and  1906  the  number  and 
gross  tonnage  of  all  steam  craft,  classified  according 
to  means  of  propulsion — stern  wheel,  side  wheel,  and 
screw. 

The  flat-bottomed  stern  M-heeler  is  the  prevailing 
type  of  steamboat  on  the  Mississippi.  The  designa- 
tion as  here  used  refers  to  paddle-wheel  boats  with 
the  wheel  at  the  stel-n.  Stern-wheel  vessels  consti- 
tuted 59.7  per  cent  of  the  number  of  all  steam  vessels 
in  1916  and  63.5  per  cent  of  the  tonnage,  as  compared 
with  69  per  cent  of  the  number  and  74.1  per  cent  of 
the  tonnage  in  1906;  and  paddle-wheel  craft  of  the 
various  types — stern  wheel,  side  wheel,  and  center 
wheel — constituted  64.4  per  cent  in  number  of  all 


steam  craft  and  85.5  per  cent  in  tonnage  in  1916,  as 
compared  with  75.2  per  cent  in  number  and  94  per 
cent  in  tonnage  in  1906.  Included  in  the  side-wheel 
group  there  was  one  center-wheel  in  1916  and  four  in 
1906.  Tliese  are  catamarans,  with  the  paddle  wheel 
mounted  in  the  center  between  the  two  hulls,  and  are 
employed  in  ferry  service.  There  is  a  relatively  large 
increase  in  number  and  tonnage  of  screw  propellers, 
the  same  pertahiing  to  freight  and  passenger  vessels, 
towboats,  and  yachts,  but  this  mcrease  is  essentially 
due  to  the  growing  use  of  small  motor  vessels.  The 
paddle-wheel  craft  averaged  approximately  94  tons 
in  1916  and  127  tons  in  1906,  as  compared  with  29 
tons  in  1916  and  25  in  1906  for  screw  propellers  as  a 
whole. 


Table  8.— NUMBER  AND  GROSS  TONNAGE  OF  VESSELS  PROPELLED  BY  MACHINERY,   BY  CHARACTER  OF  PRO- 
PULSION AND  BY  OCCUPATION,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL:  1916  AND  1906. 


Census 
year. 

TOTAL. 

BTEBN  WHEEL. 

SIDE  WDEEL.  > 

SCREW. 

PER  CENT 

OF  TOTAL. 

OCCUPATION. 

Stem 

wheel. 

Side  wheel. 

Screw. 

Num- 
ber. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
ber. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
ber. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
ber. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
ber. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
ber. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
ber. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Total 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1908 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1918 

1908 

1,700 
1,435 

119,963 
146,227 

1,015 
990 

76, 144 
108, 4115 

80 
89 

26,405 
28.98.S 

605 
3.58 

17,414 
8,834 

59.7 
69.0 

6.3.5 
74.1 

4.7 
6.2 

22.0 
19.8 

35.6 
24.8 

14.5 

6.0 

3S9 
390 

736 
619 

213 
166 

325 
222 

37 

38 

48,602 
55,779 

49.865 
62,836 

11,263 
22,180 

6,429 
3,255 

3,804 
2,177 

222 

287 

567 
506 

146 
105 

52 

70 

28 
22 

24,168 
39,447 

41,663 
57,213 

6,016 
8,257 

1,383 

1,774 

2,914 
1,714 

39 
36 

10 

7 

23 

39 

6 
6 

2 

1 

20,424 
16,280 

561 
174 

4,744 
13.214 

62 
96 

614 
224 

128 
67 

159 
106 

44 
22 

267 
116 

15 

4,010 
1,052 

7,641 
5,449 

503 
709 

4,984 
1,385 

276 
239 

57.1 
73.6 

77.0 
81.7 

68.5 
63.3 

16.0 
31.5 

75.7 
57.9 

49.7 
70.7 

83.6 
91.1 

53.4 

37.2 

21.5 
54.5 

76.6 
78.7 

10.0 
9.2 

1.4 
1.1 

10.8 
23.5 

1.8 
2.7 

5.4 
2.8 

42.0 
27.4 

1.1 
0.3 

42.1 
59.8 

1.0 
2.9 

16.1 
10.3 

32.9 
17.2 

21.6 
17.1 

20.7 
13.3 

82.2 
65.8 

18.9 
39.5 

8.3 

1.9 
15.3 

8.7 
4.5 

Yachts 

3.2 

77.5 

42.5 
7.3 

11.0 

1  Includes  center-wheel  catamaran  ferryboats,  1  of  89  gross  tons  in  1916  and  4  of  616  gross  tons  in  1906. 


Table  9  gives  the  statistics  for  machinery  propelled 
vessels  with  respect  to  the  character  of  the  propelling 
equipment,  whether  steam  or  motor,  the  latter  being 


all  gasoline  motor  boats.  No  vessels  or  boats  of  5 
tons  net  register  or  over  equipped  with  electric  motors 
were  reported. 


Table  9.— NLTWBER,  GROSS  TONNAGE,  AND  HORSEPOWER  OF  VESSELS  PROPELLED  BY  MACHINERY,  BY  OCCU- 
PATION, WITH  PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL:  1916  AND  1906. 


OCCUPATION. 


Total 

Freight  and  passenger 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels. 

Ferryboats , 

Yachts , 

Miscellaneous , 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


Num- 
ber. 


1,700 
1,435 


3S9 
390 


736 
619 


213 

166 


325 
222 


Gross 
tonnage. 


119,963 
146,227 


48, 602 
55,779 

49, 865 
62,836 

11,263 
22,180 

6,429 
3,255 

3,804 
2,177 


Horse- 
power. 


219,434 
236,969 


68,290 
80, 692 

115,681 
117,547 

14,685 
28,220 

14,515 
6,542 

6,263 

3,908 


Num- 
ber. 


635 
884 


162 
259 


362 
454 


71 
117 


Gross 
tonnage. 


103, 105 
139,  %5 


43,162 
54,092 

45, 339 
61,100 

9, 1.55 
21,321 

1,941 
1,425 

3,508 
2,027 


Horse- 
power. 


189,314 
227,802 


61,507 
78, 451 

106,212 
114,696 

12,142 
27,372 

3,566 
3,571 

6,887 
3,712 


Num- 
ber. 


1,065 
551 


227 
131 


374 

165 


142 
49 


313 

188 


Gross 
ton- 
nage. 


Horse- 
power. 


16,858 
6,202 


i  30, 120 
I    9,167 


5,440  I 
1,687  I 

4,526 
1,736 

2,108 
859 

4,488 
1,830 

296 
1.50 


6,783 
2,241 

9,  469 
2,851 

2,543 
848 

10,949 
2,971 

376 
256 


PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL. 


Steam. 


Num- 
ber. 


37.4 
61.6 


41.6 
66.4 


49.2 
73.3 


33  3 
70.5 


3.7 
15.3 


7.5.7 
52.6 


Gross 
ton- 
nage. 


85.9 
95.7 


88.8 
97.0 


90.9 
97.2 


81.3 
96.1 


30.2 
43.8 


92.2 
93.1 


Horse- 
power, 


86,3 
96.1 


90.1 
97.2 


91.8 
97.6 


82.7 
97.0 


24.6 
54.6 


94.0 
93.5 


Motor. 


Num- 
ber. 


62.6 
38.4 


.58.4 
33.6 


50.8 
26.7 


66.7 
29.5 


96.3 
84.7 


24.3 

47.4 


Gross 
ton- 
nage. 


14.1 
4.3 


11.2 
3.0 


9.1 

2.8 


18.7 
3.9 


69.8 
56.2 


7.8 
6.9 


Horse- 
power. 


13.7 
3.9 


2.8 


8.2 
2.4 


17.3 
3.0 


75.4 
45.4 


6.0 

6.5 


MISSISSIPPI  RI^-ER  AND  ITS  TRIBUTAPJES. 


167 


Motor  vessels  formed  62.6  per  cent  of  the  number 
of  all  vessels  propelled  by  machinery  in  1916,  as  com- 
pared with  3S.4  per  cent  in  1906,  and  of  the  tonnage 
14.1  per  cent  in  1916,  as  compared  with  4.3  per  cent  in 
1906.  An  increase  in  number,  tonnage,  and  horse- 
power appears  for  all  classes  of  motor  boats  except 
number  in  the  miscellaneous  class. 

Included  in  the  motor  group  there  are  six  vessels  of 


82  gross  tons  equipped  with  kerosene  motors  and  one 
of  6  gross  tons  with  an  alco-vapor  motor. 

Table  1 0  is  a  summary  of  the  number,  gross  tonnage, 
and  horsepower  of  the  vessels  propelled  by  machinery 
in  service  in  1916  and  1906,  classified  by  character  of 
power  and  by  character  of  propulsion,  with  the  per 
cent  distribution  as  between  steam  and  motor  for  the 
several  classes. 


Table  10.— NUilBER.  GROSS  TONNAGE,  AND  HORSEPOWER  OF  ^-ESSELS  PROPELLED  BY  MAfniNERY    BY  KIND 
OF  POWER  AND  CHARACTER  OF  PROPULSION.  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL:  1916  AND  1906. 


Number 

Steam 

Motor 

Gross  tonnage 

Steam 

Motor 

Horsepower. . 

steam 

Motor 


Census 
year. 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


CHABACTEB  OF  PEOPULSION. 


PEE  CENT  OF  TOTAL. 


All 

vessels. 


1,700 
1,435 

635 

884 

1,066 
551 

119,963 
146,227 

103,105 
139,965 

16,858 
6,262 

219,434 
236,969 

189,314 
227,802 

30,120 
9,167 


Stem 
wheel. 


1,015 
990 

479 

678 

536 
312 

76,144 
108,405 

68,057 
104,476 

8,087 
3,929 

137,093 
174, 121 

124,853 
169, 210 

12,240 
4,911 


Side 
wheel. 


80 
89 

52 

76 

28 
13 

26,405 
28,988 

23,892 
28,837 

513 
151 

33,289 
40,424 

34,685 
40,266 

604 
138 


Screw. 


603 
336 

IM 
130 

501 
226 

17,414 
8,834 

9,156 
6,632 

8,258 
2,182 

47,052 
22,424 

29,776 
18,326 

17,276 
4,098 


All 
vessels. 


100.0 
100.0 


37.4 
61.6 


62.6 
38.4 


100.0 
100.0 


85.9 
95.7 


14.1 
4.3 


100.0 
100.0 


86.3 
96.1 


13.7 
3.9 


Stern 
wheel. 


100.0 
lOO.O 


47.2 
68.5 


52.8 
31.5 


100.0 
100.0 


89.4 
96.4 


10.6 
3.6 


100.0 
ICO.O 


91.1 
97.2 


8.9 
2.8 


Side 
wheel. 


100.0 
lOO.O 


65.0 
83.4 


35.0 
14.6 


100.0 
100.0 


98.1 
99.5 


1.9 
0.5 


100.0 
100.0 


98.3 
99.6 


1.7 
0.4 


Screw. 


100.0 
100.0 


17.  J 
36.5 


82.8 
63.5 


100.0 
100.0 


52.6 
75.3 


47.4 
21.7 


100.0 
100.0 


63.3 
8L7 


36.7 
18.3 


TOXN'AGE    OF    VESSELS. 

The  distribution  of  all  craft  and  of  steam,  motor, 
and  unrigged  vessels  by  tonnage  groups  is  given  in 
Table  11. 

There  is  a  large  niunber  of  small  gasoline  boats  in 
service,  but  the  census  does  not  take  cognizance  of 
boats  under  5  tons  net  register.  Those  within  the 
scope  of  the  census  are  of  small   tonnage,   only  34 


boats  of  50  tons  or  more  being  reported  in  1916  and 
9  iu  1906.  The  returns  for  1916  include  1  gasoline 
motor  vessel  of  264  tons  and  1  of  1,473  tons,  the  former 
being  a  pleasure  yacht  on  the  lower  Mississippi  and 
the  latter  a  freighter  plying  between  St.  Louis  and 
New  Orleans.  Excluding  these,  the  motor  vessels 
show  an  average  of  14  gross  tons  in  1916  and  11  in 
1906. 


Table  11.— VESSELS  GROUPED  ACCORDING  TO  GROSS  TONNAGE:  1916  AND  1906. 


TONNAGE    GROUPS. 

TOTAL. 

STEAM. 

MOTOR. 

UNBIGGED. 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

All  vessels: 

Number 

7,239 
1  621  495 

9,622 

.1  111    0^7 

635 
103,105 

884 
139,965 

1,065 
16  8.^ 

531 

A    Ot\0 

5,539 
1,501,532 

8.1S7 
4, 265; 740 

CrfWi  tonnage 

5  to  49  tons: 

Number 

1,9^1 
32,  M2 

792 
56,422 

1,605 
227,239 

849 
203,743 

333 

109,878 

436 
196,567 

1,092 
627,783 

161 
166,921 

1,383 
31,739 

682 
48,634 

1,912 
295,536 

784 
196,099 

105 
34,990 

424 
181,044 

2,087 
1,215,430 

2,245 
2,408,455 

166 
5,003 

228 
17,659 

110 
16,960 

50 
12,158 

20 
7,092 

12 
5,510 

43 

27,866 

8 
10,857 

2*6 
6,763 

256 
19,312 

183 
26,898 

76 
18,839 

39 
13,893 

21 

9,482 

56 
34,824 

7 
9,954 

1,031 
12,863 

32 
2,258 

542 
5,583 

9 
679 

774 
15,076 

534 
36,305 

1,495 
210, 279 

798 
191,321 

313 
102,786 

424 
191,057 

1,049 
599,917 

152 
134,591 

595 
19,413 

417 
28,663 

50  to  99  tnns: 

Number 

100  to  199  tons: 

Gross  tonnage 

268,638 
70S 

200  to  299  tons: 

Number 

1 
264 

Gross  tonnage 

177  260 

300  to  399  tons: 

Grosstonnago 

21,097 

403 

171  362 

400  to  499  tons: 

Grosstonnago 

500  to  999  tons: 

Number 

2.031 
1  ISO  606 

Grosstonnago 

1,000  tons  and  oven 

Number 

1 
1,473 

2,238 
2,398,501 

Gross  tonnage 

168 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER 


111  the  class  of  steam  vessels  the  largest  number  is 
found  m  the  group  of  "50  to  99  tons"  in  both  1916 
and  1906,  although  the  group  of  "500  to  999  tons" 
has  the  largest  tonnage.  In  the  class  of  motor  vessels 
the  group  of  "5  to  49  tons  "  contains  the  majority  both 
as  to  number  and  tomiage.  In  the  unrigged  class  the 
group  "100  to  199  tons"  shows  the  largest  number 
of  vessels  in  1916,  27  per  cent  of  the  total  number, 
and  the  group  "500  to  999  tons"  the  next  largest 
number,  the  same  constituting  18.9  per  cent  of  the 
total  number,  but  the  latter  group  contains  40  per 
cent  of  the  tonnage  and  the  former  but  14  per  cent. 
In  1906  the  group  of  "1,000  tons  and  over"  led  in 

Table  12.-NUMBER,  GROSS  TONNAGE,  AND  VALUE  OF  VESSELS,  BY  CLASS,  OWNERSHIP,  AND  OCCUPATION,  WITH 

PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL:  1916  AND  1906. 


both  number  and  tonnage,  with  27.3  per  cent  of  the 
former  and  56  per  cent  of  the  latter,  followed  by  the 
group  of  "500  to  999  tons"  with  24.8  per  cent  of  the 
total  number  and  27.7  per  cent  of  the  tonnage. 

OWNERSHIP. 

Table  12  presents  the  statistics  for  number,  gross 
tonnage,  and  value  of  aU  vessels  in  service  in  1916  and 
1906  by  character  of  ownership  and  like  data  for 
steam  craft  engaged  in  freight  and  passenger  traffic, 
for  tugs  and  other  towing  vessels,  ferryboats,  yachts, 
and  other  steam  vessels  classed  as  miscellaneous,  and 
for  unrigged  craft. 


Census 
year. 

Number. 

Gross  tonnage. 

Value. 

PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL. 

CLASS,  OWNERSHIP,  AND  OCCUPATION. 

Number. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value. 

Total                                    

1916 
1906 

1916 

1906 

7,239 
9,622 

1,621,495 
4,411,967 

523,030,503 
22,852,142 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

lOO.O 

1,8.52 
1,318 

182,084 
134,655 

4,340,014 
3,114,755 

25.6 

13.7 

11.2 
3.1 

18.8 

13.6 

Firm      

1916 
19J6 

616 
533 

46,418 
49,346 

1,5.54.122 
1,341,901 

8.5 
5.5 

2.9 
1.1 

6.7 

5.9 

1916 
191J6 

4,731 

7,752 

1,390,915 
4,226,600 

16,704,919 
18,292,186 

65.4 
80.6 

85.8 
96.8 

72.5 

80.0 

All  other 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

40 
19 

2,078 
1,366 

431,446 
103,300 

0.5 
0.2 

f:^ 

1.9 

0.5 

Steam '                   

1,700 
1,435 

119,963 
146,227 

13,143,0.')4 
13,196,770 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

861 
687 

22-,  952 
27,524 

2,932,565 
2,394,680 

50.6 
47.9 

19.1 
18.8 

22.3 

18.1 

1916 
1906 

245 
211 

8,828 
11,360 

1,018,227 
935,875 

14.4 

14.7 

7.4 

7.8 

7.7 

7.1 

Tnporporftted  <*oitip'*"V  , . 

1916 
1906 

573 
524 

86,949 
106,575 

8,979,104 
9,783,915 

33.7 
36.5 

72.5 
72.9 

68.3 

74.1 

1916 
1906 

21 
13 

1,234 

768 

213,1.58 
82,300 

1.2 
0.9 

1.0 
0.5 

1.6 

0.6 

1916 
1906 

3S9 
390 

48,602 
55, 779 

4,-531,749 
3,737,450 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

Individual        

1916 
1906 

198 
179 

e,712 
11,472 

651,470 
778,125 

50.9 
45.9 

13.8 
20.6 

14.4 

20.8 

Tn<H>rT>o rated  oompany 

1916 
1906 

130 
139 

38,317 
38,243 

3,465,879 
2,550,925 

33.4 
35.6 

78.8 
68.6 

76.5 

68.3 

1916 
1906 

61 

72 

3,. TO 
6,064 

414,400 
408,400 

1.5.7 
18.5 

7.4 
10.9 

9.1 

10.9 

1916 
1906 

736 
619 

49,865 
62,836 

5,917,111 
6,822,210 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

Individual     

1916 
1906 

281 
232 

8,178 
10,441 

944,605 
847,405 

38.2 
37.5 

16.4 
16.6 

16.0 

12.4 

Incorporated  company 

1916 
1906 

352 
298 

38,187 
48,351 

4,, 554, 341 
5,559,980 

47.8 
48.1 

76.6 
76.9 

77.0 

81.5 

1916 
1906 

103 
89 

3,500 
4,044 

418,165 
414,825 

14.0 
14.4 

7.0 
6.4 

7.1 

6.1 

1915 
1906 

213 
166 

11,263 
22, ISO 

1,014,9.W 
1,776,360 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

1916 
1906 

109 
73 

2.264 
2,349 

227,100 
206,100 

51.2 
44.0 

20.1 
10.6 

22.4 

11.6 

1916 
1906 

61 
65 

8,082 
18,403 

697,3.50 
1,477,310 

28.6 
39.2 

71.8 
83.0 

68.7 

83.2 

1916 
1906 

43 

28 

917 
1,428 

90,. 500 
92,950 

20.2 
16.9 

8.1 
0.4 

8.9 

5.2 

1916 
1906 

325 
222 

6,429 
3,255 

l,2flfi.l.'.3 
563,400 

inn.o 

100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

ino.o 

100.0 

1916 
1906 

267 
185 

5,334 
2,815 

1,022,883 
502,450 

82.2 
83.3 

83.0 

86.5 

84.8 

89.2 

1915 
1906 

10 

7 

401 
206 

41,700 
18,150 

3.1 
3.2 

6.2 
6.4 

3.5 

3.2 

1916 
1906 

48 
30 

694 
234 

141,. 570 
42,800 

14.8 
13.5 

10.8 
7.2 

11.7 

7.6 

1  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


2  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES. 


169 


Table  12.— NUMBER,   GROSS   TONNAGE,   AND   VALUE   OF  VESSELS,  BY  CLASS,   OWNERSHIP,  AND  OCCUPATION, 

WITH  PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL:  1916  AND  1906— Continued. 


CLASS,   OWNERSHIP,  AND   OCCUPATION. 


Steam' — Continupd. 

Miscellaneous 

Individual 

Incorporated  company 

Firm  and  all  other 

Unrigged 

Individual 

Firm 

Incorporated  company 

All  other 


Census 
year. 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


Number. 


5,539 
8,187 


991 
631 


371 
322 


4, 158 
7,228 


Gross  tonnage. 


Value. 


3,804 
2,177 

464 

447 

1,962 
1,372 

1,378 
358 


1,501,532 
4,265,740 


159, 132 
107, 131 

37,590 
37,986 

1,303,966 
4,120,025 

844 
598 


H73,091 
297,350 

86,507 
60,600 

219,834 
177,.5.V) 

166, 7.50 
59,200 


9,887,449 
9,655,372 


1,407,449 
720,075 

535,895 
406,026 

7,725,815 
8,508,271 

218,290 
21,000 


PEK  CENT  OF  TOTAL. 


Number. 


100.0 

lOO.O 


IB.  2 

47.4 


.54.1 
39.5 


29.7 
13.2 


ino.o 

100.0 


17.9 

7.7 


6.7 
3.9 


7.5.1 
88.3 


0.3 
0.1 


Gro=:s 
tonnage. 


100.0 
100.0 


12.2 
20.5 


51.6 
63.0 


36.2 
16.4 


100.0 
100.0 


10.6 
2.5 


2.5 
0.9 


86.8 
96.6 


Value. 


100.0 
100.0 


18.3 
20.4 


46.5 
59.7 


35.2 
19.9 


100.0 
100.0 


14.2 

7.5 


5.4 
4.2 


78.1 
88.1 


2.2 
0.2 


*  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

Although  the  bulk  of  the  water  craft  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River  and  its  tributaries  was  owned  by  corpora- 
tions and  the  proportion  of  all  craft  represented  by 
corporate  ownership  was  greater  in  this  division  than  in 
the  other  divisions,  yet  a  marked  decrease  is  shoA^Ti  for 
1916  as  compared  with  1906.  Vessels  owned  by  cor- 
porations formed  65.4  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of 
vessels,  85.8  per  cent  of  the  tonnage,  and  72.5  per  cent 
of  the  total  value  in  1916,  as  compared  with  80.6  per 
cent,  95.8  per  cent,  and  80  per  cent,  respectively,  in 
1906.  Of  course  in  the  class  of  yachts  and  pleasuie 
craft  individual  ownership  predominated.  Corporate 
ownership  controlled  86.8  per  cent  of  the  tonnage  of 
unrigged  vessels  in  1916,  as  compared  with  96.6  per 
cent  in  1906,  the  decrease  being  primarily  due  to  the 
decrease  in  the  coal  barges  of  the  Pittsburgh  district. 

Table  13  shows  the  extent  of  ownership  concentra- 
tion in  1916  and  1906. 

With  respect  to  unrigged  vessels,  73.9  per  cent  in 
1916  were  owned  by  77  owners,  each  of  whom  reported 
10  vessels  or  more,  and  41.5  per  cent  of  the  total  num- 
ber were  owned  by  10  owners,  each  of  whom  reported 
100  vessels  or  more.  In  1906  there  were  68  owners 
of  the  10  and  over  class,  representing  86.7  per  cent 
of  all  unrigged  boats,  and  10  owners  of  the  100  and 
over  class,  with  67.3  per  cent  of  the  total  nxxmber  of 
boats. 

The  figures  as  given  in  the  table  for  freight  and 
passenger  vessels,  tugs,  and  ferryboats  show  that 
relatively  few  of  the  owners  controlled  3  or  more 
vessels. 


"  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  percent. 
Table  13. — Ownership  Concentration:  1916  and  1906. 


NUMBER 

OP 
OWNERS. 

NUMBER 

OF 
VESSELS. 

OBOS3  TONNAGE. 

PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE.* 

1916 

1906 

1916 

389 

61 

736 

142 
213 

16 

5,539 

1906 

1916 

1906 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Steam:" 

Freight  and  passen- 
ger- 
All  owners 

390 

84 

619 

131 
166 

21 

8  187 

48,602 

14,661 

49,865 

27,169 
11,263 

2,925 

1,501,532 

173,506 
417, 123 
910  903 

55,779 

28,142 

62,836 

32,609 
22,180 

5,699 

4,265,740 

138,346 

723,412 

3,403,982 

-0.3 

18.9 

8.4 
2&3 

-12.9 
-47.9 

Owners  reporting 
3  or  more  ves- 
sels      

16 

20 

Tugs  and  other  tow- 
ing vessels — 

Owners  reporting 
3  or  more  ves- 
sels      

23 

12 

-16.7 

Ferryboats- 

Owners  reporting 
3  or  more  vcs- 

6 

4 

-48.7 

UnripRcd: 

Owners  reporting — 
Less  than  10  ves- 

1,448'  osa 

10  but  less  than 
100  vessels 

100    vessels    or 
more 

67 

10 

58 

in 

1,794 
2  297 

1,592 
5,506 

12.7   -4Z3 
58  3       "no 

'  A  mmus  sign  ( — )  denotes  decrease.    I'ercentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less 
than  100. 
'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

EMPLOYEES    AND    SALARIES    AND     WAGES. 

Table  14  presents  the  statistics  for  1916  and  1906  of 
the  number  of  employees  on  vessels  and  on  land,  the 
amounts  paid  in  salaries  and  wages  for  the  different 
classes  of  vessels,  and  percentages  of  increase. 


170 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  14.— EMPLOYEES  AND  SALARIES  AND  WAGES.  BY  OCCUPATION  OF  VESSEL,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE: 

1916  AND  1906. 


191C 

190G 

PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE.' 

OCCUPATION. 

Number  of 
empioyees. 

Salaries  and 
wages. 

Number  of 
employees. 

Salaries  and 
wages. 

Number  of 
employees. 

Salaries 
and  wages. 

Total 

16.678 

S7. 449. 710 

17.473 

$7,063,776 

-4.5 

5.5 

14.706 

1,972 

769 

1.203 

6.3,S0.325 

1,069.385 

596.649 

472.736 

15.016 
2.457 
1.011 
1,446 

5.692,117 

1,371,659 

686,536 

685,123 

-  21 

-19.7 
-23.9 
-10.8 

12. 1 

-220 

-13. 1 

AU  Other 

-31. 0 

4.755 

4,091 

664 

330 

334 

10.387 

9,558 

829 

341 

488 

721 

572 

149 

71 

78 

815 
4S5 
330 
27 
303 

2.423.113 

2,123,755 

299.358 

222,895 

76,463 

4.163,760 

3,589,653 

574.107 

316.564 

257,543 

397,224 

346.116 

51.108 

34.521 

16,587 

465,613 
320,801 
144,812 
22,669 
122,143 

7.333 

6,746 

587 

296 

291 

8.668 

7.152 

1,516 

560 

956 

S38 
699 
139 
120 
19 

634 
419 
215 
35 

ISO 

2.335.977 

2.019.202 

316.775 

219.828 

96,947 

3.926.242 

3,055.644 

870.598 

364.366 

506.232 

493,961 
413.553 
80.408 
72,192 
.8.216 

307.596 
203.718 
103.878 
30,150 
73.728 

-35. 2 

-39.4 

13.1 

11.5 

14.8 

19.8 

33.6 

-45. 3 

-39.1 

-49.0 

-14.0 
-18.2 
7.2 
-40.8 
310.5 

28.5 
15.8 
53.5 
-22.9 
68.3 

3.7 

52 

-  55 

14 

-21.1 

6.0 

17.5 

-34.1 

-13. 1 

All  nthpr                                                                                               

-49.1 

-19.6 

-16.3 

-36.4 

-52.2 

101.9 

51.4 

57.5 

39.4 

-24.8 

All  nthpr                                                                                

65.7 

'  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


The  greater  part  of  the  decrease  in  number  of  em- 
ployees is  in  the  land  force  and  chiefly  in  the  class  of 
towing  and  unrigged  vessels.  The  employees  reported 
for  towing  vessels  and  unrigged  craft  increased 
materially,  while  those  for  freight  and  passenger  ves- 
sels decreased,  the  former  constituting  62.3  per  cent 
of  all  employees  in  1916  and  the  latter  28.5  per  cent, 
as  compared  with  49.6  i)er  cent  for  the  former  and  42 
per  cent  for  the  latter  in  1906. 

INCOME. 

Table  15  is  a  comparative  presentation  of  the  in- 
come statistics  for  1916  and  1906,  by  class  of  vessels. 

Table  1.5. — Gross  Income  of  All  Vessels  and  Craft,  bt 
Source  of  Income  and  by  Occupation  of  Vessel,  with  Per 
Cent  of  Increase  .*.nd  Per  Cent  of  Totjll:  1916  and  1906. 


SOURCE  OF  INCOME. 


1916 


Per 
cent 
of  In- 
crease;' 
1905- 
1916. 


Total S17,439,746    517,342, 


Freight 5,671,446 

Passengers '    2, 404, 703 

All  other  sources I    9, 363, 597 


7,4."jO,SS9 
2,2S1,243 
7,609,926 


Freight  and  passenger  vessels . 

Freight 

Passengers 

All  other  sources 


Towing  vessels  and  unrigged  craft. 

Freiglit 

Passengers 

All  other  sources 

Ferryboats 

Passengers 

AU  other  sources 


Allother  craft,  including  yachts. . 

Passengers 

AU  other  sources 


5,312,501 

3.4.59.646 

l,tM3.781 

209,074 

9.948,718 

2,211,800 

12W.404 

7,607,514 

1,060.470 
631,113 
429,357 

1,118,0.57 

405 

1,117,652 


5,934.629 

4,038,002 

1,706,. 581 

130,046 

9.342.145 
3,412.807 
15,780 
5,913,498 
1,5.53.121 
498.  747 
1,0.54,374 

512,143 
135 

512,003 


0.6 

-23.9 
5.4 
23.0 


-10.5 

-14.3 

-7.0 

60.8 

6.5 
-35.  2 

720.1 
2S.6 

-31.7 

26.  5 

-59.3 

118.3 
200.0 
118.3 


PER  CENT  OF 

TOTAL. 


1916     1906 


100.0 

32.5 
13.8 

53.7 


100.0 

6.5.1 

31.0 

3.9 

100.0 

22.2 

1.3 

76.5 

100.0 
59.5 
40.5 

100.0 

(') 
100.0 


100.0 

43.0 
13.1 
43.9 


100.0 

68.0 

29.8 

2.2 

100.0 
36.5 
0.2 
63.3 

100.0 

32.1 
67.9 

100.0 

m 

99.9 


The  income  of  towing  vessels  and  their  tows  ex- 
ceeded the  income  of  all  other  vessels  in  both  years, 
constituting  57  per  cent  of  the  total  income  in  1916 
and  53.9  per  cent  in  1906.  The  income  for  towboats 
reported  separately  is  included  under  "all  other 
sources"  and  also  the  income  for  towing  in  cases  where 
the  operators  owned  both  unrigged  craft  and  towing 
vessels  and  reported  separately  the  income  from  freight 
and  that  from  towing  service. 

The  income  of  ferryboats  reported  as  from  "  all  other 
sources"  includes  ferrjdng  of  teams,  loaded  vehicles, 
live  stock,  etc. 

Diagram  6. — Gross  Income   of  All  Vessels  and  Craft,   bi 
Source  of  Income  and  by  Occupation:  1916  and  1906. 


FREIGHT     AND    PASSENGER    VESSELS 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


y////////////////////// 
y/////////////////AWfZ^^ 


an 


y/////////////A 
y/////////////////////. 


Tl 


FERHVBOAra 


iei6   '^^S^'. A 

1906  J'WS^    '  ■--"-' 


*  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.       '  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  percent. 


•  800  ^ 


*LL  OTHeR    CRAf  T.  IMCLUOINQ    VACHTS 


Ipfl 


^^ 


MILklONK  OF  DOUARS 
^PA«SeMQ£R 


MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES. 


171 


FREIGHT. 


The  freight  handled  by  all  water  craft,  in  round  num- 
bers, was  40,169,000  net  tons  in  1916,  as  compared  with 
31,627,000  tons  in  1906  and  29,401,000  tons  in  1889, 


the  increase  for  the  period  1906-1916  being  27  per  cent, 
and  for  the  period  1889-1906,  7.6  per  cent. 

Table  16  gives  the  statistics  of  freight  and  lighterage 
by  class  and  river  system  for  1916,  1906,  and  1889  with 
amount  and  per  cent  of  increase. 


Table    16. 


-FREIGHT  SHIPMENTS  AND  LIGHTERAGE.  BY  CLASS  AND  RHTCR  SYSTEM, 

CENT  OF  INCREASE:  1916,  1906,  AND  1889. 


WITH  AMOUNT  AND  PER 


FREIGHT  AND  UGHTEKAGE  (TONS  OF  2,000 
POUNDS). 

mCBEASE.I 

cuss  AND   EITXE  SY.STEM. 

Amount. 

Per  cent. 

1916 

1906 

1889 

1906-1916 

1889-1906 

1906-1916  18*9-1906 

'40,169,427 

'31,626,981 

29,401,409 

8,.M2.448 

2.22.5.572 

27.0 

7.6 

Freight 

'27,962,583 

7,992,998 

19,969,58.5 

12,206,M4 

'26,436,690 
6,787,994 
19,648,696 
5,190,291 

2.8,289,503 
10,345,504 
17,943,999 
1,111,906 

1,. 525, 893 

1,205,001 

320,889 

7.016,553 

-1,852.813 

-3,. 557,  .510 

1,704,697 

4,078,3S5 

5.8 

17.8 

1.6 

135.2 

-6.5 

Steam* .             

-34.4 

9.5 

Lighterage  or  harbor  work 

366.8 

Ohio  svstem 

22,953,076 
15,572,149 

1,883,776 
13,68.8,373 

7,380,927 

2,412,478 
7.54,451 
137, 126 
617,325 

1,658,027 

14,803,-873 

11,63.5,983 

5,972,096 

5,663.887 

3,167,890 

17,868,729 
15, 514, 582 

1,279,305 
14,235,277 

2,354,147 

2,240,191 
1,758,101 

273,362 
1,484,739 

482,090 

11,518,061 
9,1M,007 
5,23.5,327 
3,928,680 
2, 354,  OH 

16,041,866 
15,796,968 
3,806,66.5 
11,990,303 
244,898 

6,9.58,340 
6,260,448 
2,151,624 
4,108.824 
697,892 

6,401,203 
6.232,087 
4,3.87,215 
1,844,872 
169,116 

5,084,347 

57,  .567 

604,471 

-,546,904 

5,026,780 

172,287 

-1,003,650 

-136.236 

-867,414 

1,175,937 

3,28.5,812 
2,471,976 

736, 769 
1,73.5,207 

813,836 

1,826,S<3 
— 2.82.3S6 
-2,527.360 
2,244,974 
2,109,249 

-4,718,149 
-4,-502,347 
-1,878,262 
-2,624,Os5 
-215,802 

5,116.8.58 
2,931,920 

848,112 

2,o«3,sn8 

2,184,938 

28.5 
0  4 

47.2 
-3.8 
213.5 

7.7 
-.57. 1 
-49.8 
-58.4 
243.9 

28.5 
27.0 
14.1 
44.2 
34.6 

11.4 

Freight                                                                                  

-1.8 

-66.4 

18.7 

861.3 

-67.8 

-71.9 

-87.3 

-63.9 

-30.9 

79.9 

47.0 

Steam*                                  

19.3 

113.0 

1,292.0 

*  A  minus  siRn  ( — ^  denotes  decrease- 

'  Includes  12,332,713  tons  of  freight  transferred  by  railway  car  terries. 


'  Includes  6.905,597  tons  of  freipht  transferred  by  railway  car  lerries. 
*  Includes  crait  propelled  by  machinery. 


In  1916  freight  constituted  69.6  per  cent  of  the  aggre- 
gate tonnage  handled  and  lighterage  or  harbor  work 
30.4  per  cent,  the  corresponding  proportions  in  1906 
being  83.6  per  cent  and  16.4  per  cent,  and  in  1889,  96.2 
per  cent  and  3.8  per  cent,  respectively.  Of  the  freight 
handled,  28.6  per  cent  was  reported  for  steam  vessels  in 
1916,  25.7  per  cent  in  1906,  and  36.6  per  centm  1889,  the 
balance  being  towed  on  barges,  flats,  or  scows.  Nearly 
three-fifths  of  the  freight  had  its  origin  on  the  Ohio 
Kiver  system,  55.7  per  cent  in  1916,  58.7  per  cent  in 
1906,  and  55.8  per  cent  in  1889:  and  41.6  per  cent 
originated  on  the  Lower  Mississippi  River  system  in 
1916,  34.7  per  cent  in  1906,  and  22  per  cent  in  1889. 
The  Upper  Mississippi  River  system  contributed  but 
2.7  per  cent  of  the  freight  in  1916,  6.7  per  cent  in 
1906,  and  22.1  per  cent  in  1889. 

The  freight  handled  includes  car  freight  transferred 
in  cars  between  railway  points.  This  amoimted  to 
12,332,713  tons  in  1916  and  to  6,905,597  tons  in  1906. 

Ferry  freight  in  wagons  and  live  stock  ferried  on  the 
hoof  are  not  included,  as  such  returns  were  not,  as  a 
rule,  obtainable. 

Table  17  shows  the  freight  transported  in  1916,  1906, 
and  1889  by  commodities,  the  figures  being  arranged 
according  to  quantity  in  1916,  and  also  shows  the  ton- 
nage increase  or  decrease  for  the  intervening  periods. 


Table  17. — Freight,   by  Commodities,   with  Amount  op 
Increase:  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


COMMODrrY. 


Total.. 


Coal 

Stone,  sand,  etc 

Lumber 

Grain 

Iron  ore 

Pig  iron  and  steel  rails. . 
Petroleum  and  othcroils 

Cotton 

Cement, brick,  and  lime . . 

Fruits  and  vegetables 

Flour 

Tobacco 

Canned  qoods 

Phosphate  and  fertilizer. . 

Naval  stores 

Ice 

Miscellaneous    merchan* 
dise 


FREIGHT  (TONS  OF  2,000  POUNDS) 


1916 


'27,962,583 


13,916,013 

1,710,857 

744,873 

617,916 

470,409 

255,615 

245,930 

180,563 

175,724 

119, 297 

99,513 

75,393 

72,820 

68,458 

13,515 

14,302 


1906  1889 


AMOUNT  OFmCEEASE. I 


1906-1916  1889-1906 


26,436,69028,289,503 


1.525,893 


11,033, 

4,004, 

514, 

380, 

171, 

55, 

365, 

146, 

95, 

55, 

81, 

114, 

63, 

44, 


on   8, 527, 4281 1 
259       321,054- 
950  '9,  200, 191  I 
721 " 


1,712;  498 

574,790  I 

»  7, 7751 

3,5M' 

895, 742; 

2,193: 

41,748' 

•  89,9921 

27,707 


91,010: 


9,176,355     9,291,015   6,793,84l'      —114,660     2,497,174 

I 


2,883,002 

■2,293,402 

229,923 

237,225 

298,630 

200,269 

-119,549 

33,588 

80,281 

63,594 

17,613 

-38,607 

9,123 

24,045 

17,745 

-2,927 


-1,852,813 


2,505,583 

3,683,205 

-8,685,241 

-1,331,777 

-403,011 

47,571 

361,945 

-748,767 

93,250 

13,955 

-8,092 

86,293 

63,897 

44,413 

770 

-73,781 


»  A  minus  sipn  ( —  >  denotes  decrease. 

'  Includes  12.;i32.713  tons  of  railway  car  freight,  of  which  7,350,196  tons  is  included 
under  misc-ellaneous  merchandise. 

»  Includes  6,905,597  tons  of  railway  car  freight,  all  included  under  miscellaneous 
merchandise;  not  included  in  freight  in  1906  report. 

«  Liunber  and  forest  products. 

•  Iron,  pig  and  bloom. 

«  Kill  products. 

The  commodities  separately  reported  are  those 
specially  provided  for  on  the  schedule  used  in  the  can- 
vass, and  they  cover  67.2  per  cent  of  all  freight  in  1916, 
64.9  per  cent  in  1906,  and  76  per  cent  in  1889.    Mis- 


172 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


cellaneous  merchandise  includes  considerable  freight 
that  could  not  be  segregated  by  commodities,  and  im- 
doubtedl}'  includes  some  of  the  specified  articles.  In 
some  cases  no  record  was  kept  of  the  kind  of  freight 
handled.  In  1916  coal  constituted  49.8  per  cent  of 
the  total  freight;  stone,  sand,  etc.,  chiefly  sand,  6.1 
per  cent;  lumber  on  an  estimated  tonnage  basis,  2.7 
per  cent;  grain,  2.2  per   cent;  and  iron  ore,   1.7  per 


cent.     No   other   commodity,   for   which  figures   are 
available,  amounted  to  1  per  cent. 

Table  IS  gives  freight  shipments  and  receipts  by 
river  systems  and  rivers  tor  1916  and  1906.  The 
figures  for  systems  and  rivers  are  arranged  in  order 
of  shipment  tonnage  in  1916  and  each  river  is  cred- 
ited vv-ith  the  freight  shipped  from  or  received  at  ports 
or  landin<rs  on  the  river  or  its  tributaries. 


Table  18.— FREIGHT  SHIPMENTS  AND  RECEIPTS,  BY  RIVER  SYSTEMS  AND  RIVERS,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE: 

1916  AND  1906. 


ru'eb  ststem  axd  rivlr. 


rKEIGHT  (TON'S  OP  2,000  POUNDS). 


Shipments. 


1916 


1906 


Receipts. 


1916 


1906 


PEE  CENT  OP  rNCREASE, 
1906-1916.' 


Shipments. 


Receipts. 


Total 

Ohio  sy<:tem 

Mo'nongahela 

Ohio 

Kanawha 

Tennessee,  French  Broad,  and  Iliwassce 

Cumberland 

c.reen  and  Barren 

Little  Kanawha 

Kentucky 

Wabash 

MusWinj.'um 

Another' 

Lower  Mississippi  system 

Ixiwer  Mississippi 

Yazoo  and  Sunflower 

White 

Ouachita  and  Black  o(  Louisiana 

Black  o(  Arkansas 

Arkansas 

Another' 

Upper  Mississippi  system 

Upper  Mississippi 

Missouri,  Osa^e  and  Gasconade 

Illinois 

AU  other" 


•27,9f!2..iS3 


»  19,  .131.  093 


»27,962.5R3 


•19,531,093 


(') 


572, 149 

886,  7.i3 

398, 043 

232,966 

619,414 

ISO,  010 

154, 102 

34,925 

32,360 

15,320 

12,  .%5 

5,391 


11,63.1,983 
11,197,872 
181,385 
89,652 
42,659 
28,767 
26,  751 
68,897 

7.54,4.'il 

427,811 

200,729 

125,852 

.59 


15,226,.S0-, 

8,925,923 

3,142,097 

975, 031 

678, 501 

348,697 

305, 144 

11,239 

26, 775 

42,427 

13.826 

•  757, 145 

2,  .546, 187 
2, 168,  .581 
108,357 
43,933 
^5, 136 
20,0-9 
24,994 
155, 127 

1,7.58,101 

595,  S.S.5 

1,046,020 

105.. S26 

10,370 


15,127.059 

925,620 

13,371,023 

91,801 

466,407 

109, 0(iS 

49, 9S2 

35, 160 

54,3.58 

6,027 

12,865 

4,748 

12,090,381 
11,6.53,613 
186,285 
88,621 
42,659 
24,218 
27,361 
67,624 

745,143 
423, 594 
207,287 
114,232 
30 


14,036,946 

.545,  716 

12,296,037 

63,832 

472, 7.59 

178,951 

80,902 

6,9.53 

23,52.5 

30,  ,537 

11,073 

'326,661 

3,740,646 
3,487,137 
62,325 
25,433 
IS. 998 
20,019 
35,871 
90,833 

1,7.53,. 501 
597,025 

1,050,  .504 

105,002 

970 


(') 

-0.4 
(') 

26.5 
(<) 

-48.4 
-49.  5 

210.7 

20.9 

-63.9 

-7.0 


(*) 
(') 
67.4 
10).  1 
69.7 
43.4 
7.0 


-57.1 

-28.  2 

-80.8 

18.9 


(<) 


(') 


(') 


(') 


69.6 
) 
43.8 


-39.1 
-38.2 
405.7 
131.1 
—80.3 
16.3 


(') 

(') 

198.9 

248.4 

124.5 

20.8 

-23.7 


-57.5 

-29.0 

-80.3 

8.8 


•  A  minus  si^  (  —  )  denotes  decrease. 

•  Includes  12.332.713  tons  of  freight  transferred  by  railway  car  ferries. 

•  Does  not  include  6,905,597  tons  o(  freight  in  cars  (of  which  3,135,257  tons  was  reported  and  3,770,340  tons  estimated)  treated  as  freight  in  1916. 

•  Not  comparable. 

•  Includes  in  1916,  Allegheny  and  Bis  Sandy;  1906,  Allecheny  and  Salt  of  Kentucky. 

•  Includes  754.793  tons  of  sand  and  gravel  dredged  in  -VUegheny  Kiver. 

'  Includes  321,193  tons  of  sand  and  gravel,  delivered  at  Allegheny  River  ports. 

•  Includes  ia  1916,  Atchafalaya,  Hatchie,  L'^Uiguille,  Lafourche,  Red,  St.  Francis,  Tensas,  and  Macon  Bayou;  1906,  Atchafalaya,  Black  Bayou,  Lafourche,  Red,  St. 
Francis,  Tensas,  and  Macon  Bayou. 

•  Includes  in  1916,  Rock  and  St.  Croix;  1906,  Minnesota,  St.  Croix,  and  Salt  of  Iowa. 


The  figures  for  1916  include  railway  car  freight  not 
included  in  those  for  1906.  This  amounts  to  12,332,71.3 
tons,  of  which  10,336,490  tons  are  in  the  Lower  Missis- 
sippi system  and  1,996,223  tons  in  the  Ohio  system, 
the  latter  comprising  1,808,978  tons  on  the  Ohio 
River  and  187,245  tons  on  the  Tennessee.  In  the  case 
of  railway  car  freight  the  traffic  is  confined  to  the 
respective  rivers  and  the  water  routes  are  compara- 
tively short,  the  longest  being  on  the  Tennessee  River, 
between  Guntersville  and  Hobbs  Island,  Ala. 

The  per  cent  distribution  of  freight  shipments  and 
receipts  by  river  systems  and  rivers,  excluding  railway 
car  freight,  is  shown  in  Table  19  for  1916  and  1906. 
These  data  are  based  upon  Table  18,  excluding  the 
freight  on  the  Ohio,  Tennessee,  and  Lower  Mississippi 
Rivers  in  1916  transported,  without  breaking  bulk,  in 
railway  cars  on  freight  steamers  and  barges. 


Table  19. — Freight  SHiPME>fTs  and  Receipts,  by  River  Sys- 
tems AND  Rivers,  Per  Cent  of  Total:  1916  and  1906.' 


RIVER  SYSTEM    AND  RIVER. 


Total. 


River  system: 

Ohio 

Lower  Mississippi 

Upper  Mississippi 

River: 

Monongahela 

Ohio 

Mississippi 

Upper 

Lower 

Kanawha 

Tennessee,  French  Broad,  and  Hiwassce. 

Missouri,  Osage, and  Gasconade 

■\'azoo  and  Sunflower 

Cumberland 

Green  and  Barron 

Illinois 

All  other 


PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL. 


Shipments. 


1916       1906 


86.9 
8.3 

4.8 

56.9 
16.6 
8.2 
2.7 
5.5 
7.9 
2.8 
1.3 
1.2 
1.2 
1.0 
0.8 
2.1 


100.0 


78.0 
13.0 
9.0 

45.7 
16.1 
14.2 
3.1 
11.1 
S.O 
3.5 
6.4 
0.6 
1.8 
1.6 
0.5 
5.6 


Receipts. 


1916      1906 


100.0 


84.0 
11.2 
4.8 

5.9 
74.0 
11.1 

2.7 

8.4 
0.6 
1.8 
1.3 
1.2 
0.7 
0.3 
0.7 
2.4 


100.0 


71.9 

19.1 
9.0 

2.8 
63.0 
20.9 
3.1 
17.8 
0.3 
2.4 
5.4 
0.3 
0.9 
0.4 
0.5 
3.1 


I  Not  including  railway  car  freight. 


MISSISSIPPI  PJ\'ER  AND  ITS  TPJBUTAKIES. 


173 


Table  20  presents  statistics  of  freight  shipments  by 
commodities,  according  to  class  of  vessel,  steam  and 
iinrigged,  for  1916  and  1906  by  river  systems  and  for 
1916  by  rivers. 

The  figures  for  the  rivers  are  arranged  according  to 
the  aggregate  of  freight  shipments. 

The  rivei-s  ■with  over  500,000  tons  are  the  Missis- 
sippi, Monongahela,  Ohio,  Kanawha,  and  Tennessee, 


in  the  order  named,  the    latter  including  its   tribu- 
taries, the  French  Broad  and  the  Hiwassee. 

For  comparative  purposes  lumber,  ordinarily  re- 
ported in  terms  of  thousand  feet,  and  petroleum  and 
other  oils,  ordinarily  reported  in  barrels,  are  given 
in  net  tons,  the  quantities  of  the  former  in  thousand 
feet  and  of  the  latter  in  barrels,  being  given  in  the 
notes  at  the  bottom  of  the  table. 


Table  20.— FREIGHT  SHIPMENTS,  BY  COMMODITIES  (TONS  OF  2,000  POUNDS)  AND  CLASS  OF  VESSEL:  RIVER 

SYSTEMS,  1916  AND  1906;  AND  RIVERS,  1916. 


CLASS, 

EIVER  SYSTEM, 

AND  ErVER. 


Total. 


1916.  . . 
1906... 

Steam'— 

1916. . . 

1906... 
Unrigged— 

1916... 

1906... 

EIVER  SYSTEMS. 

Ohiosvstem: 

'  1916 

1906 

Steam'— 

1916 

1906 

Unrigged— 

1916 

1906 

Upper  Mississippi 
s\'stem: 

1916 

1906 

Steam'— 

1916 

1906 

Unrigged— 

1916 

1906 


Lower  Mississippi 
S3"stem: 

1916 

1906 

Steam'— 

1916 

1906 

Unrigged— 

1916 

1906 


KITEES:  1916. 

Mississippi 

Upper  Slississippi.. 

Steam' 

Unrigged 

Lower  ^lississippi. . 

Steam ' 

Unrigged 


Monongahela- 
Unrigged 


Ohio 

Steam'... 
Unrigged.. 


Eanawha 

Steira  '.. . 
Unrigged.. 


Tennessee,     French 
iiroad  and  Hiwas- 


Steam'... 
Unrigged.. 


Missouri,  Osage  and 

Gasconade 

Steam ' 

Unrigged 


Yazoo  and  Sunflower 

Steam' 

Unrigged 


I  27,%2, 583 
19,531,093 


7, 992. 998 
2, 355, 388 

19,969,585 
17,175,707 


CoaL 


7M,562 
50,361 


13,161,4511,266,691 
10,982,650  3,9*4,916 


Stone, 
sand, 
etc. 


'  744. S73  617,  W6  470, 409  2.55, 615  '  245.930 
5  514.9511. •)*),  721  171,779,  55,  .•i4fi  «  365.479 


444,166 
59,343 


15,572,149 
15,226,805 

1,SS3,776 
1,246,437 

13,688,373 
13,980,358 

754,451 
1,758,101 

137, 126 
273,362 

617,325 
1,484,739 


11,63.5,983 
2, 546, 187 

5,972,096 
835,587 

5, 663, 887 
1, 710, 600 


11,625,683 

427,811 

42,157 

385,654 

11,197,872 

5,923,483 

5,274,389, 


8,886,753 

4,398,043 
1, 487, 140 
2, 910, 903 

1,232,968 

65, 473 

1, 167, 493 


619,414 
162,089! 
457,325: 


200,729' 
45. 163! 
155,566; 

181,385 

6,344 

175,  (Ml! 


10,949,68.5      700,060 
10,968,307  1,969,73; 


6,659 
48,616 


Lum- 
ber. 


Grain. 


Iron 
ore. 


Pig 
iron 
and 
steel 
rails. 


Petro- 
leum 

and 
other 

oils. 


7S,  491  185.004 
116, 097 '235, 550 


276    18,471 
402    47,092 


666, 3«2'432, 942  470, 133  237, 144 
398, 853  145, 171  171, 377)     8, 254 


284, 937  241, 173259, 859  209, 436 
279,436  230,705,171,777   54,410 


2,514     53, 287' 143, 165 
35,034      77,112  137,4471 


10,943,026      697,  .546'  231,650 
10,919,6911,934,698    202,324 


34,174 
27,421 

3,616 
1,027 

30,558 
26,394 


2,932,154 
37,283 

744,287 
718 

2, 187, 867 
36,565 


2,945,330 

13,177 

35 

13,142 

2,932,153 

744,287 

2,187,866 


;,  713, 227 


4M,  179 

1,274,785 

1,368 
23,680 

402,811 
1, 251, 105 


606,618 
759,  742 

440,284 
629 

166,334 
759, 113 


5,604 
12,676 

2,126 
5,537 

3,478 
7,139 


4 
400 


118,008'259,85.5 
93,258171,377 


70,043 
92,868 

20, 137 
47,832 

49,906 
45, 036 


16,642 
48,306 


192,794 
8,104 


50 
400 


25 
400 


454,332  306,730  210,550 
222,838;  57,148  .... 


23,078  41,702 
33,448   50,271 


272 


431,2.51  26.5, 02S'210, 278 
189,390     6,877 


899,149'  334,776306,890 

320,1761  l,951j    2,183 

60  156      1, 151 

320,116  1,795|     1,032 

578,973  332,825:304,707 

440,272  9,491    40,921 

138,701  323,334  263,786 


210,550 


1,300 


1,038,739     667,376 

2,  Z32  925 

1,036,507     666,451 


1,164,475 


17,118 

5.83 

16,535 


4,457 
3,426 
1,031 


765 

15 

750 


3,598 

919 

2,679 


79,253 

1,308 

77,945 


116 

57,853 
19,958 
37,895 

846 
746 
100 


170,  555 

13,816 

156, 739 


58 


210, 550 
272 
210,278 


131,2.58'174,355 
53,879|.... 
77,379174,355 


7,162 
7,162 


45.645 

36,703 

8,94i 


2.858  20,398 
1,730  15,334 
1,128     5,064 


25     48, 793 


202! 
48, 591 


867 
281 

5S6J 


500 


85,004 

4 

85,000 


46,129 
536 

1,804 
3S6 

44,325 
150 


46,154 
25 


25 

46,129 

1,804 

44,325 


130, 959 

58,266 
16,533 
41,733 

75 
25 
50 


20, 136 

84 

20,052 


21,845 
20,939 

224,08.5 
341,  540 


28,917 
18,477 

16,726 
18,394 

12,191 
S3 


282 
525 


431 


216,731 
346,476 

4.853 
2,114 

211.878 
344,362 


216,681 
9 
2 
7 

216, 672 
4,819 

211,853 


23,426 
13,221 
10,205 

2,791 

2,791 


Cot- 
ton. 


aS^.  hbles. 


180,563  175,724  119,297 
146.975    95.443    .55,703 


58,760 
140,022 


121.803 

6, 9.53 


93,756 
43,185 


81.968 
52.2.58 


24,5.32    97,104 
40,628   70,329 


17.914 

40,628 


6,618 


156,031 
106,34" 

40,846 
99,394 

115, 185 
6,953 


147, 519 


147,519 
39,283 
108,236 


370 
370 


2,223 

365 

1,858 


150 
241 


24,162 
17,544 
6,618 


14     6,310 


810 
5,500 


46,283 
35,532 

50.821 
34,797 

2.  .500 
15,238 

1,7.56 
1,208 

744 
14,030 


76,120 
9,876 

45,717 
6,445 

30,403 
3,431 


76,346 

465 

16 

449 
75,881 
45,624 
30,257 


265 

69,500 
21,855 
47,645 

12,359 
12,359 


11,378 
8,467 
2,911 


935 
640 
295 


90,471 
50,627 

28,826 
5, 076 


Flour. 


99,513 
81,900 


78,704 
80,426 

20,809 
1.474 


55,253 
39,743 

52,032 
36,258 

3,221 
3,485 


25. 2.39 
11, 397 

20.766 
9,837 

4,473 
1,580 


38,805 
4,563 


17.673 
4,532 


21, 132 
31 


38,014 

81 

752 

63 

37,199 

16,069 

21,130 


40,3&S 
37,923 
2,465 

5,063 
5,063 


67,782 
55,836 


To- 
bao- 


75,393 
114,000 


74,717 
113,937 


676 
63 


74,625 
112,453 


60,606  73,965 
55,560  112,403 


6,806 

6,407 

399 


363 

9 

354 


7.S'. 
108,. 


7,176 
276 


4,301 
5,061 

442 

4,596 

3,  .8.59 
465 


27,430 
21,003 

17,656 
20,270 

9,774 
733 


26,217 
134 


134 

26,083 

16,761 

9,322 


32,985 

28.828 

4,157 

9,875 
9,875 


13,652 
10, 673 
2,979 

4,067 

342 

3,725 

560 
320 

240l 


660 
50 


2 
318 


2 
310 


766 
1,229 

750 
1,224 

16 
5 


741 


741 

739 

2 


38,652 

38, 174 

478 

5,071 
5,071 


558 
531 
27 


Canned 
goods. 


72,820 
63,697 


61,305 
62,949 


11,515 

748 


39,036 
46,793 

36, 762 


46,578   35,549 


2,274 
215 


1,862 
2,763 

103 
2,566 

1,759 
197 


31,922 
14, 141 

24,440 
13,805 

7,482 
336 


30,907 

1,5(M 

1 

1,503 

29,403 

23,232 

6,171 


28,583 
26,309 
2,274 

2,958 
2,958 


4,662 
4,662 


308 

52 

256 

2,105 

878 

1,227 


Phos- 
phate 
and 
ferti- 
lizer. 


68,458 
44,413 


47,961 
41,433 

20,497 

2,980 


38,258 
36,094 

38,614 


1,64) 
445 


130 

179 


130 
154 


30,070 
8,140 

11,217 
5,630 

18,853 
2,510 


29,962 


29,962 
11.192 
18,770 


16,252 

15,695 

557 

1,560 
1,560 


Naval 
stores. 


18,515 
770 


502 
770 

18,013 


33  7,5312,493,928 

105  11,3871,120,593 

SI  6,3991,334,171 

IO5I  10,967     509,448 


1,159.757 
611,145 


58 


18,482 
607 

469 
607 

18,013 


18,482 


18,482 

469 

18,013 


13,830 

12,743 

1,087 


Ice. 


Miscel- 
laneous 
•  mer- 
chan- 
dise. 


14,302  9,176,3.55 

17,22<>2,:i,S5.418 


11,299  5,972.708 
16,59211,275,661 

3,003(3,203.647 
637  1,109,757 


*  Includes  12.3.32,713  tons  of  railway  freight  transferred  in  cars. 
'  Thousand  feet ,  .544,203. 

•  Barrels,  1,553,878. 

'  Does  not  include  6,905,597  tons  of  freight  in  railway  cars;  treated  as  freight  in  1916. 


•  Thou!5ind  feet.  225,545. 

•  Barrels.  2.256.2;io. 

'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machioery. 


1,132 
420 


1,268 
1,792 


78 
1,695 


1,190 
97 


5,503 
4,050 


4,822 
3,930 


681 
120 


204,817 
312,617 


88,311 
174,029 


118,506 
138,588 


6,477.610 
952,208 

4, 552. 226 
592,1*4 

1,925,384 
360,024 


6,352  6,291,613 
1, 124  86, 248 
26  39, 958 
1,098  46,290 
5.22.S6,2fl5,365 
4, 628  4,  .523. 620 
60dl,681,745 


4,660 
3,538 
1,122 

1,200 
1,200 


116 
116 


40,606 
2,015,347 

1, 207,  my 

807,680 

IS, 266 

16,6*8 

1,618 


199,971 
48, 472 
151,499 


87,689 
22.022 
65,667 

122,359 

3,fS6 

118.673 


174 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table   20.— FREIGHT    SHIPMENTS,  BY   COMMODITIES  (TONS   OF   2.000  POUNDS)  AND  CLASS   OF  VESSEL: 

SYSTEM,    1916  AND   1906;   AND  ^RIVERS,    1916— Continued. 


RIVER 


CLASS, 

RIVER  .SYSTEM, 
AND  RIVER. 

Total.     ; 

Coal. 

Stone, 
sand, 
etc. 

Lum- 
ber. 

Grain. 

Iron 
ore. 

Hg 
iron 
and 
steel 
rails. 

Tetro- 
leura 

an-i 
other 

oils. 

Cot- 
ton. 

Ce- 
ment, 
lirick, 

and 
lime. 

Fniits 
and 
vege- 
tables. 

Flour. 

To- 
bac- 
co. 

Canned 
goods. 

Phos- 
phate 
and 
ferti- 
lizer. 

Naval 

stores. 

Ice. 

Miscel- 
laneous 
mer- 
chan- 
dise. 

rivers:  1916— contd. 

ISil.OIo' 
99,493 
80,517 

154  102 

8,26S 
145, 834 

125,852 
49, 747 
76,103 

89,652' 
9,699 
79,953 

42,659 

1,525 

41,134 

34,925 

27,62!l: 
7,305 

32,369 
20,  ii-SS 
11,775 

28,767 

4,527i 

24,2-10 

26,751 

2,400 

24,351 

15,320 

12,865 

6,660 

6,110 
1,275 
4,835 

5,200 

56,477 
5,391 

59 

51,027' 
23, 14.- 
33,332 

1,674 

1,504 

110 

11,476 

1.5 

11,461 

16,540 

155 

16,385 

43,730 
17,493 
26,237 

9,669 

714 

8,955 

795 
240 
555 

14,715 

8.52 

13,863 

36,252 

21,714 

1.53 
15:i 

1,289 
1,289 

242 
242 

1,175 
1,175 

18,  W9 
18,849 

33 
33 

4,  ISO 
4,186 

10 
10 

86,955 

21,26-1 
4.50 

16.433 
76 

33, 235 

Unrigged 

Green  and  Barren — 

53,720 

96,339 

5,164 

18,441 

655 
17,786 

4,750 



31 
31 

95 
95 

75 
75 

659 

659 

100 

'""ioo 

20 
20 

430 
430 

334 
334 

Unrigged 

16,357 

47, 462 

3,6.52 

43,810 

7.56 
5011 
256 

91, 175 

23 
23 

1,100 
1,100 

24,061 

20,005 

4,056 

1 

i 

ion 

100 

50 
60 

100 
100 

50 
60 

30,821 

24,272 

Unrigged 

4,750 
8,850 

6,549 

42 
27 
15 

1,.5S2 

270 

1,312 

33 

15 

IS 

598 
98 

205 
150 
65 

140 
120 
20 

62, 730 

7,265 

Unrigged 

Ouachita  and  Clack 

8,850 

55, 465 

61 

6, 3.56 

1,,525 

Unrigged 

LittleKanawha 

36,252 
1,350 

51 

4,831 

262 

30 
30 

21s 
90 
I2S 

1,500 
1,500 

1,000 
1,000 

7,630 

7,590 

40 

6 
6 

75 
75 

8,500 
8,500 

2,520 
2,520 

1,210 

1,20(1 

10 

1 
1 

10,705 

5,  lUO 

Unrigged 

262 

514 
65 
449 

1,350 

698 
44(1 
258 

2,745 

1,170 
1,575 

14 

5,515 

6,000 

673 
651 
22 

25 

78 
78 

844 
709 
135 

2,7.35 

2,6H- 

65 

20.811 

15,9.55 

Unrigged 

Black  of  -Vrkansas. . . . 

6,000 
300 

4,856 

30 
30 

40 
40 

25,652 

3,212 

Unrigged 

300 
18,200 

25 
63 

22,340 

1 

2 

77 

7 

9 

1 

5 

8,372 

2,400 

Unrigged 

Wabash— Unrigged. . 
Muskingum— Steam ' 
Red   of  Arkansas— 

1 

18,200 
SO 

14 

120 

6,569 
1,060 

63 
14,800 
3,400 

2 

77 

7 

9 

1 

5 

5,972 

440 

2,200 

45 

640 

400 

1,800 

160 

260 

2,000 

1,840 

262 

30 

5 

100 

20 

4,633 

1,275 

Unrigged 

Bayou    Lafourche— 

1,060 

262 

30 

5 

100 

20 

3, 3.58 

5,200 

All  other  rivers 

Ohio  system  2.... 
Upper      Missis- 
sippi system  >. 
Lower      Missis- 
sippi system*.. 

2,770 
2,500 

11,368 

50 

31 

30 

4S3 

8 

1,818 
213 

5 

184 

10 

39,750 

2,648 

59 

270 

11,36S 

11,363 

5 

50 

1 

30 
1 

483 
4,5! 
30 

8 
.S 

1,605 
1,817 

1 

5 

181 

180 

4 

10 

37,043 

9,  ,302 

Unrigged  — 

2,770 

50 

5 

.'" 

30,448 

>  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

'  Includes  Allegheny,  Big  Sandy,  and  Middle  Island  Creek. 

Coal  constituted  49.S  per  cent  of  all  freight  in 
1916  and  56.5  in  1906,  and  on  the  Ohio  system  it 
formed  70.3  per  cent  in  1916  and  72  per  cent  in  1906. 
On  the  Upper  Mississippi  system,  stone,  sand,  etc., 
led  in  tonnage,  with  53.6  per  cent  in  1916  and  72.5 
per  cent  in  1906,  and  on  the  Lower  Mississippi  sys- 
tem miscellaneous  or  unclassified  merchandise  led,  with 
55.7  per  cent  of  the  total  freight  in  1916  and  37.4  per 
cent  in  1906. 

As  a  rule  towed  freight  exceeds  that  carried  on 
steamers,  and  the  following  table  shows  for  1916  and 
1906  the  percentage  distribution  as  between  freight 
carried  on  steam  vessels  and  that  towed  on  unrigged 
vessels  for  the  river  systems  and  the  leatling  rivers. 

Steamer  freight  exceeded  towed  freight  in  1916  only 
on  the  Cumberland,  Little  Kanawha,  and  Musldngum 
of  the  listed  rivers,  and  in  1906  on  the  Little  Kanawha, 
Musldngum,  White,  Ouachita  and  Black  of  Louisiana, 
and  Arkansas. 


3  Includes  Eock  and  St.  Croix. 

'  Includes  -Mchafalaya,  Hatchie,  L'.^JnguilIe,  Macon  Bayou,  and  Tensas. 

Table  21. — Freight  Shipments,  Per  Cent  Distribution, 
Class  op  Vessels:  1916  and  1906. 


STEAM.l 

tXNRIGGED. 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

10.3 

12.1 

89.7 

87.9 

7.5 
24.3 

8.2 
28.3 

0.1 

.3.8 
24.7 
20.2 

6.3 
84.5 

3.0 
100.0 

1,5.  5 
25.8 
11.3 
31.0 

32.8 
32.0 
4S.7 
67.9 
72.1 
0.1 
92.7 

92.5 
75.7 

100.0 
94.7 
62.5 
44.7 
94.6 
20.9 

100.0 

91.8 

Oliio                                    

71.7 

99.9 

5.3 
35.5 
55.3 

5.4 

79.1 

96.2 

Temiessoe,  French  Broad,  and  Hiwassee 

75.3 

79.8 

Green  and  Barren 

93.7 

1.5.5 

ioo.  6 

1,8.2 

9.9 

22.5 

39.5 

35.  0 

62.9 

3.5 

10.8 
3.6 

15.7 
9.0 

81.8 
90.1 
77.5 
60.5 

63.0 
47.1 

96.5 
89.2 
9f,.4 
84.3 
91.0 

84.5 

74.2 

88.7 

69.0 

67.2 

6S.0 

51.3 

White       

42.1 

27.9 

99  9 

7.3 

'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES. 


175 


The  distribution  of  the  railway  car  freight  by 
commodities  and  by  river  systems  is  given  in  Table 
22,  the  greater  portion  of  the  same  being  miscel- 
laneous merchandise. 

Table  22. — Railway  Car  Freight,  by  Commodities  (Tons  op 
2,000  Pounds):  1916. 


COMMODITT. 


Total 

Coal 

Stone,  sand,  etc 

Lumber 

Grain 

Iron  ore 

Pig  iron  and  steel  rails 

Petroleum  and  other  oils. . 

Cotton 

Cement,  brick,  and  lime. . . 

Fruits  and  vegetables 

Flour 

Tobacco 

Canned  goods 

Pho=:phate  and  fertilizer... 

Na\'al  stores 

Ice 

Miscellaneous  merchandise 


Total. 


2,S.>i2, 

573, 

276, 

271, 

469, 

88, 

120, 

113, 

96, 

27, 

12, 

3, 

26, 
18, 

7,350, 


Ohio 
(Ohio  and 
Tennessee 
Rivers). 


1.996,223 


43,4:.4 

76,  .130 

7,9r>0 

S,709 

2.-)9,3.'>4 

42,890 
l,S.iS 
4,770 

30,366 

1,568 

3,228 

89 


100 


1,513,159 


Lower 
Mississippi. 


10.336,490 


2,839,319 

497,160 

26S, 071 

263,192 

210,385 

45,992 

US,  732 

109, 101 

65,326 

26,405 

9,095 

25 

3,451 

26, 186 

18,413 

400 

5,835,037 


Table  23  shows  the  per  cent  distribution  for  1916 
and  1906  of  freight  tonnage  by  commodities  for  the 


river  systems,  excluding  railway  car  freight  to  make 
the  figures  comparable. 

Table  2.3. — Per  Cent  Distribcttion  op  Freight  Shipments,  by 
Commodities:  '  1916  and  1906. 


COMMODITY. 


Total 

Coal 

stone,  sand,  etc 

Lumber 

Grain 

Pig  iron  and  ste«l  rails 

Petroleum  and  other  oik 

Cotton 

Cement,  Ijrick,  and  lime 

Fruits  and  vegetables 

Flour 

Tobacco 

Canned  goods 

Miscellaneous  merchandise... 


omo 

SYSTEM. 


TTPPER 

Mis.sis.sipn 

SYSTEM. 


1916  19a«  1916  1906  1916  1906 


100.0 


70.6 
7.3 
3.0 
2.2 
1.1 
0.8 
0.4 
0.5 
0.6 
0.6 
0.5 
0.4 

12.0 


100.0 


100.0  100.0  ino.o 


56.5 

80.3 

72.0 

20.5 

4.6 

12.9 

2.6 

2.0 

1.8 

1.9 

1.7 

1.5 

0.3 

1.2 

0.4 

1.9 

0.2 

0.1 

0.S 

0.1 

0.3 

0.5 

0.5 

0.3 

0.3 

0.4 

0.3 

0.4 

0.5 

0.4 

o.« 

0.5 

0.7 

0.3 

0.3 

0.3 

13.4 

/.  ( 

8.8 

4.5 
53.0 
0.7 
9.3 
(') 
(») 


0.3 
3.3 
0.6 

0.2 


1 00.0 


1.6 

72.5 
0.7 
.5.3 
(>) 
(') 


0.9 
0.6 
0  3 
(•) 
0.2 


LOWER 

MIS,-^I.-^.SIFP1 

.■iYSTEM. 


1916    1906 


00.0 


8.4 
14.3 
3.4 
(») 
7.5 
3.6 
0.8 
1.0 
1.4 
0.1 
2.2 
50.2 


100.0 


1.3 

29.8 
8.8 
2.2 

(») 

13.6 
4.2 
04 
0.2 
0.8 

(') 
06 

37.9 


'  Not  including  railway  car  freight.        =  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

The  comparative  statistics  for  freight  receipts  by 
commodities  for  1916  and  1906  for  the  river  systems 
and  the  statistics  for  commodity  receipts  by  rivers 
for  1916  only  are  given  in  Table  24. 


Table  24.— FREIGHT  RECEIPTS,  BY  COMMODITIES  (TONS  OF  2,000  POUNDS):  RI\'ER  SYSTEMS,  1916  AND  1906;  AND 

RIVERS,  1916. 


KrVER     SYSTEM     A.VD 
RIVER. 


Totii: 

1916. 
1906. 


RIVER  S^"STEMS. 

Ohio: 

1916 

1906 

Upper  Mississippi: 

1916 

1906 

Lower  Mississippi: 

1916 

1906 


RrvEEs:  1916. 

Ohio 

Mississippi 

Upper 

Lower 

Monongahela 


Tennessee,  French 
Broad,  and  Iliwas- 
see 

Missouri,  Osage,  and 
Gasconade 

Yazoo  and  Sunflower, 

UlinoLs 

Cumberland 


Kanawha 

White 

Kentucky 

G  reen  and  Barren . . , 

Ouachita  and  Black 

of  Louisiana 


Little  Kanawha 

Arkansas 

Black  of  .\rkansns 

Muskingum 

Red 

St.  Francis 

Wabash 

Bayou  Lafourche 

All  other 

Ohio  system 

Upper'Mississippi 
system 

Lower  Mississippi 
system 


Total. 


127,962,583 
<  19,551,093 


15,127,059 
14,036,946 

745,143 
1,753,501 

12,090,381 
3, 740, 646 


13,371,023 
12, 077, 207 

423,594 
11,653,613 

925,620 


466,407 

207,28' 
186,285 
114, 2?2 
109,068 

91,801 
8S,  621 
54.358 
49,982 

42.659 

160 
361 
218 
865 

360 
110 

0271 
200 

532! 

481 


35, 
27, 
24, 
12, 

6, 
6. 
6, 
S, 
54, 
4, 


49,  754i 


Coal. 


13,916,013 
11,033,011 


10,472,766 
9,798,750 

34, 174 
27, 492 

3,409,073 
1,206,769 


9,6.56,670 
3,421,649 

13, 

3, 408, 472 

756,650 


17, 118 


4,45i 


16,540 
266 


17,  .564 
11,476 


2'i2 
601 


2,200 


Stone, 
sand, 
etc. 


1,710,85' 
4,004,259 


709,060 
1,925,442 

395,179 
1,274,654 

606,618 
804,163 


667,376 
885,309 
311,336 
573,973 
1,300 


79,253 

25 

4,590 


10, 175 
9,150 
6,000 

18,031 


7,770 
2,500 


5,270 


Lum- 
ber. 


2744, 873 
'514,950 


308,533 
320,458 

5,604 
13,929 

4.30,636 
1,'«,563 


228,949 

322, 535 

1,951 

320,584 

J16 


50,234 

2,858 

49, 193 

795 

21,121 

860 
14,908 
4,642 
1,201 

36,252 

1,350 

14 

2,000 

120 

6,560 

l,0tiO 

40 


617,946 
380, 721 


Iron 

ore. 


470,409 
171, 779 


240,078  259,859 
229,212171,77" 

70,043 
68,750 


307,825 
82, 759 


210,550 


153,215  174,355 


305,634 

2,782 

302,852 

58 


210,550 


210,550 


44,326 

19,799 

667 

47, 462 

21,714 

7,233 
7S1 

4, 4.'.3 
397 


85,004 


3,400 


262 
5,250| 


3,200|. 


3,200  . 


Pig 
iron 
and 
steel 
rails. 


235,615 
63,346 


209,436 
54,410 

50 
400 

46,129 
536 


73,2a5 
46,154 
25 
46,129 
132, 100 


2,801 


1,130 
1,130 


Petro- 
leum 

and 
other 

oils. 


Cot- 
ton. 


•245,930'lS0,563 
•365,479146,975 


24,060 
40,218 


29,817 
8,522 

282 
674 


215, 831  156, 503 
346, 283  106, 707 


23, 408        370 
215,001149,148 

9.... 
214,992,149,148 


2,287 

250 
14 
23 

312 

2,829 

42 

205 

in 


218 

2 


811 
30 


23,690 


5,610 


1,590 


35 


Ce- 
ment, 
brick, 

and 
lime. 


97,393 
65,970 

2,500 
15,803 

7.5,831 
13,670 


65. 458 
72,641 

165 
72, 476 

265 


11,66; 

935 

386 

1,400 

1,.389 

12,364 

33 

3,778 

310 


1,500 
7 


2,924 


Fruits 

and 

vege- 

tables. 


119,297 
55,703 


.M,253 
39,748 

25,239 
5,674 

38,805 
10,281 


40,981 

39,283 

3,615 

35, 658 

222 


21,261 

274 

5,054 

6 

449 

66 


1,000 

'"'466 


3,131 


Flour. 


68,617 
57,61- 

4,301 
5,728 

26,595 
18,55; 


28.740 
25,157 
3,539 
21,618 
100 


14,487 

662 

560 

100 

1,450 

9,&43 

398 

3,006 

1,704 


7,665 
9 

1,800 


100 
30 


3,635 


To-    Canned 
bacco.    goods. 


,393 
114,000 


74,589 
112,480 

2 
548 

802 
972 


49,341 

777 


522 

2 
24 


10,124 
5,471 


1,500 
1 


160 


72,820 
53,69: 


39,075 
46,793 

1.795 
6,258 

31,950 
10,646 


27,304 
18,929 

22 
18,907 

50 


4,662 

1,723 

2,105 

50 

83 

2,971 
205 
850 
345 


2,520 
5 


260 


10,708 


Phos- 
phate 
and 
ferti- 
lizer. 


68,458 
44,413 


38,374 
36,094 

130 
264 

29,954 
8,055 


15,352 
28,136 


28,136 


13,946 

30 

5: 

100 

4,186 

1,760 


1,030 
100 


2,000 


1,710 


\aval 


18,515 
770 


33 
105 


108 


18,482 
557 


33 
18,482 


Ice. 


14,302 


17,229  2,385,418 


7,531 
11,687 

1,268 
2,297 

5,508 
3,243 


2,492,485 
1,107,663 

201,576 
330,872 

6,479,294 
946,883 


4,510 
6,152 
1,124 
5,028 


116 

94 

285 
60 
10 

1,210 
140 
301 
174 


1,210 


40 


10 


i,no, 


Miscel- 
laneous 
mer- 
chan- 
dise. 


9,176,355 


2,161,676 
6,311,670 

85,849 
6,225,821 

34, 759 


185,143 

96.836 
127,:i59 
21,861 
4S,  139 

21,047 
61,168 
11,611 
15,707 

6,356 

10.905 
8.. 382 

22,090 
I.SIO 


4,633 

570 

5,200 

19,403 

1,088 

30 
18,28o 


>  Includes  12.332,713  tons  of  railway  freight  transferred  in  cars. 

>  Thousand  feet,  344,203. 
'  Barrels,  1,553,878. 


<  Does  not  include  6.905,597  tons  of  railway  freight  transferred  in  cars;  treated  as  freight  in  1916. 

'  Thou-sand  feet,  223,543. 
•  Barrels,  2,256,230. 


176 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


The  figures  for  the  rivers  are  arranged  at-cording  to 
the  aggregate  freight  receipts,  and  the  order  differs 
somewhat  from  that  based  upon  shipments  as  given 
in  Table  20. 

COMMERCE   OF  THE   RIVERS. 

The  commerce  of  the  Mississippi  River  and  its 
tributaries  is  here  considered,  beginning  with  the  Oliio 
and  its  affluents  in  the  order  of  their  occurrence  from 
source  to  mouth  and  following  "with  the  Mississippi 
and  its  affluents  other  than  the  Oliio. 

Ohio  and  its  tributaries. — The  Ohio  is  navigable  from 
Cairo  to  Pittsbxirgh,  a  distance  of  967.5  miles,  and  is 
the  most  important  commercial  river  in  the  United 
States.  The  river,  aside  from  the  traffic  of  its  many 
ports,  is  a  highway  for  through  traffic  from  its  tribu- 
taries, the  Monongahela,  Kanawha,  Tennessee,  etc.,  to 
the  ports  of  the  Mississippi. 

Freight. — The  freight  handled  is  considerably  diver- 
sified, the  chief  commodities  separately  reported  being, 
as  to  shipments,  coal,  sand  and  gravel,  iron,  and  grain, 
and  as  to  deliveries  the  same,  mth  the  addition  of 
lumber.  The  receipts  exceeded  the  shipments  by 
nearly  9,000,000  tons,  cliiefly  coal  from  the  Mononga- 
hela and  the  Kanawha. 

The  4,398,043  tons  of  freight  shipments  in  1916  is  an 
increase  of  1,255,946  tons,  or  40  per  cent,  over  the 
total  as  reported  in  1906,  but  a  decrease  of  3,127,624 
tons,  or  41.6  per  cent,  from  the  shipment  tomiage 
credited  to  the  river  in  18S9. 

The  13,371,023  tons  of  freight  receipts  in  1916  is  an 
increase  of  1,074,986  tons,  or  8.7  per  cent,  over  that  of 
1906. 

There  are  foiu-  railway  car  transfer  points  on  the 
Ohio,  two  between  Ashland,  Ky.,  and  Coal  Grove  and 
Ironton,  Ohio,  respectively,  credited  with  945,565  tons 
of  car  freight;  one  between  Paducah,  Ky.,  and  Brook- 
port,  111., mth  4,165  tons;  and  one  between  Sleeth,Ky., 
and  Metropolis,  111.,  mth  859,248  tons;  making  a  total 
for  the  river  of  1,808,978  tons.  In  1906  car  freight 
was  reported  only  for  the  Pad^icah-Brookport  route, 
32,868  tons. 

Pittsburgh,  at  the  head  of  the  Ohio  and  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Monongahela  and  Allegheny  Rivers,  has 
the  largest  river  commerce  of  any  inland  city  of  the 
country.  The  freight  movement  of  the  port  in  1916 
aggregated  6,727,289  tons,  this  being  the  sum  of  ship- 
ments and  receipts,  and  in  1906  it  aggregated  6,854,575 
tons. 

Following  the  course  of  the  Ohio  the  freight  move- 
ments of  the  ports  for  which  data  are  available  are 
given  in  the  following  tabular  statement,  which  pre- 
sents the  figures  for  the  years  1916  and  1906. 

The  lighterage  or  harbor  work  on  the  Ohio,  not  in- 
cluded in  the  foregoing  as  freight,  aggregated  5,684,773 
tons  in  1916  and  2,249,122  tons  in  1906.  That  assign- 
able to  the  leading  ports  in   1916  was:  Pittsburgh, 


2,480,700  tons;  Cincinnati,  326,800  tons;  Evansville, 
232,500  tons;  Wlieeling,  210,000  tons;  Marietta, 
185,700  tons;  Parkersburg,  76,000  tons;  and  Paducah, 
57,600  tons. 


Pittsburgh,  Pa 

Wheeling,  W.  Va.... 

Marietta,  Ohio 

Parlcersburg,  W.  Va 

Catlettsburg,  Ky 

Cincinnati.  Ohio 

Madison,  Ind 

Louisville,  Ky 

Kvansville,  ihd 

Paducah,  Ky 


TOTAL  FnEIGHT  MOVE- 
MENT—NET TONS. 


6, 727, 2«9 

28,296 

29,491 

60, 8-i8 

2, 29S 

1,411,  H9 

135, 382 

3C9,014 

251,549 

754, 552 


1906 


854, 575 

101,550 

;«,  490 

50, 547 

9,694 

363,215 

107,0.1.) 

203,727 

41li,l:i3 

2:J9, 808 


Passengers. — The  passenger  traffic  on  the  Ohio 
River  in  1916  was  exceeded  only  by  that  on  the  lower 
Mississippi.  Dming  1916  there  were  5,731,660  pas- 
sengers carried,  as  against  4,059,617  in  1906,  an  in- 
crease of  1,672,043,  or  41.2  per  cent.  Vessels  pro- 
pelled by  steam  carried  4,9 1 8,983  passengers ;  motor  ves- 
sels, 760,818;  and  unrigged  craft,  51,859.  Each  class 
of  vessels,  except  freight  and  passenger,  carried  more 
passengers  in  1916  than  in  1906.  The  number  of  pas- 
sengers carried  on  ferryboats  increased  46.3  per  cent; 
on  tugs  and  other  towing  vessels,  89.6  per  cent;  while 
tmrigged  craft  moved  over  50  times  as  many  passen- 
gers in  1916  as  in  1906.  The  mmiber  of  passengers 
canied  on  the  regular  freight  and  passenger  vessels  de- 
creased 24.7  per  cent.  In  1916  only  one  freight  and 
passenger  boat  ran  from  Pittsburgh  to  New  Orleans, 
and  while  it  carried  82,500  passengers,  the  traffic  was 
limited,  in  the  main,  to  local  movements.  The  great 
bulk  of  the  regular  passenger  traffic  was  done  by  ferry- 
boats, which  carried  71  per  cent  of  the  total  in  1916,  as 
compared  with  68.5  per  cent  in  1906.  Some  of  these 
ferryboats  handle  ferry  business  under  contract  with 
railroad  companies. 

Of  the  1,555,724  passengers  carried  on  freight  and 
passenger  vessels,  588,023,  or  37.8  per  cent,  were  ex- 
cursion, and  over  70  per  cent  of  this  number  were  car- 
ried by  the  boats  of  an  amusement  company  located 
at  Cincinnati,  which  carried  excursionists  from  Cincin- 
nati, Louisville,  and  other  points  on  the  Ohio  to  and 
from  Coney  Island,  where  the  company  maintains  an 
amusement  park.  One  of  the  boats  belonging  to  this 
company  is  of  1,446  gross  tonnage,  and  is  the  largest  in 
operation  on  the  river.  Many  small  motor  boats  are 
operated  up  and  down  stream  on  sections  of  the 
river  not  paralleled  by  railroads.  Some  of  this  class 
of  boats  carried  as  many  as  36,000  passengers  in  1916, 
and  often  they  are  used  for  towing  as  well  as  ferrying. 

One  thousand  regular  passengers  were  carried  across 
river  on  barges  in  1906,  and  47,259  in  1916.  These 
barges  are  towed  by  small  steam  or  gasohne  motor 
boats,  and  are  generally  used  in  locations  where  no 
other  means  of  transportation  exist. 


MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES. 


177 


Monongahela. — The  Monongahcla  has  been  im- 
proved by  locks  and  dams  from  Pittsburgh  to  Fair- 
mont, W.  Va.,  a  distance  of  131  miles;  many  of  the 
large  steel  miUs  are  located  on  its  banks,  and  coal,  iron 
and  steel  products,  and  sand  and  gravel  are  the  chief 
freight  commodities.  Tlie  freight  is  all  towed.  The 
shipments  aggregated  8,886,753  tons  in  1916,  as  com- 
pared with  8,925,923  tons  in  1906,  and  the  receipts 
925,620  tons  in  1916  and  545,716  tons  in  1906.  The 
difference  between  shipments  and  deliveries  repre- 
sents coal  to  lower  river  ports  on  the  Ohio  and  Missis- 
sippi. 

The  harbor  work  credited  to  the  Monongahela  in 
1916,  not  classed  as  freight,  was  76,033  tons.  The 
port  data  for  Pittsburgh,  at  the  mouth  of  this  tribu- 
tary, have  been  given  above. 

The  Monongahela  River,  while  one  of  the  most 
important  commercial  streams  in  the  United  States, 
has  never  had  much  up-and-down  stream  passenger 
traffic.  This  river  is  paralleled  practically  for  its 
entire  length  by  rail  lines.  The  report  of  the  Chief 
Engineer  of  the  United  States  Army  for  1907  states 
that  a  total  of  181,527  passengers  were  carried  up  and 
down  stream  on  the  river  in  1902.  Tliis  number  had 
decreased  to  101,457  in  1903  and  increased  to  116,174 
in  1904.  In  1905  it  declined  to  78,458.  The  report 
of  the  Census  of  Water  Transportation  for  1906  shows 
246,486  passengers  carried  up  and  down  stream  by 
freight  and  passenger  boats. 

There  was  no  up-and-down  stream  passenger  traffic 
in  boats  of  5  tons  register  reported  in  1916,  and,  while 
354,586  passengers  were  carried,  the  traffic  was  all 
across  stream  and  in  small  unrigged  craft,  the  pas- 
sengers being  farmers  and  laborers  from  the  mines  and 
workshops  in  the  vicinity  of  the  feiTies. 

Allegheny. — This  river,  which  with  the  Monongahela 
forms  the  Ohio,  is  represented  by  only  2,500  tons  of 
freight  and  854,  401  tons  of  lighterage  or  harbor  work 
in  1916,  both  being  chiefly  sand  and  gravel  dredged 
along  the  river.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  200 
mUes  or  more  from  Pittsbirrgh.  The  port  of  Alle- 
gheny, a  part  of  Pittsburgh  in  19x6,  had  a  freight 
movement  of  81,209  tons  in  1906. 

In  former  years  passenger  boats  plied  the  Allegheny, 
but  those  have  long  since  disappeared,  and  there  are 
now  no  regular  lines  for  passenger  traffic.  Only  one 
gasoline  boat,  above  5  tons  net  register,  was  reported 
in  1916,  and  this  boat  carried  only  700  excursion  pas- 
sengers to  various  points  on  the  river.  Barges  towed 
by  gasoUne  boats  under  5  tons  carried  13,519  passen- 
gers, or  over  95  per  cent  of  the  total.  These  passengers 
were  mainly  workingmen  employed  in  mUls  along  the 
river. 

Middle  Island  Creek. — Taking  the  triliutaries  of  the 
Ohio  in  the  order  of  their  occiirrence,  the  first  for 
which  water-borne  traffic  was  reported  is  Middle 
Island  Creek  of  West  A'irginia,  with  243  tons  shipped 


from  and  1,160  tons  received  at  ports  or  landings.  No 
freight  traffic  thereon  was  reported  in  1906. 

No  passengers  were  reported  for  1906,  but  202  pas- 
sengers were  reported  for  this  river  in  1916. 

MusMngum. — This  river  is  120  miles  long,  exclusive 
of  its  branches,  and  is  navigable  as  far  as  Zanesville, 
Ohio,  and  a  short  distance  above  by  slack-water  im- 
provements. The  freight  shipments  on  the  Mus- 
kingimiin  1916  aggregated  12,865  tons  and  the  receipts 
the  same,  the  traffic  consisting  of  shipments  between 
ports  on  the  river.  In  1906  the  shipments  were  13,826 
tons  and  the  receipts  11,073  tons.  There  were  12,350 
tons  of  harbor  work  reported  in  1916. 

In  1916  only  one  steamboat  operated  on  the  river, 
carrying  9,000  regular  and  6,000  excursion  passengers. 
This  boat  operated  principally  between  ZanesvUle 
and  McConnelsville,  Ohio.  In  1906  freight  and  pas- 
senger vessels  carried  76,480  passengers,  of  which 
22,815  were  excursion. 

Little  Kanaicha. — The  length  of  this  river  is  about 
150  miles.  In  1916  the  freight  shipments  on  the  Little 
Kanawha  amounted  to  34,925  tons,  tobacco  and  flour 
being  prominent  commodities,  and  the  receipts  were 
35,160  tons.  In  1906  shipments  were  11,239  tons 
and  receipts  6,953  tons,  the  1916  figm^es  showing  a 
substantial  increase  in  river  freight.  No  lighterage  or 
harbor  work  was  reported. 

In  1906  one  steamboat  was  in  service  on  the  Little 
Kanawha  River,  and  carried  13,263  passengers.  It 
operated  with  difficulty  owing  to  repairs  to  the  locks 
of  the  river  improvements.  In  1916  steam-propelled 
vessels  carried  14,400  passengers ;  motor,  9,089 ;  and 
mirigged  craft,  39,660  passengers.  Nearly  all  of  the 
unrigged  craft  were  local  ferries  operated  by  pulley 
and  cable. 

Kanawha. — ^The  Kanawha  or  Great  Kanawha,  gen- 
erally known  above  the  confluence  of  the  Gauley  as 
New  River,  is  navigable  by  steamboats  to  Kanawha 
FaUs,  a  distance  of  100  miles,  and  above  via  locks 
and  dams.  The  length  of  the  river  as  a  whole  is 
about  450  mUes. 

The  freight  is  chiefly  coal  from  the  Kanawha  dis- 
trict, with  some  cement,  brick  and  Ume,  stone,  sand, 
etc.,  and  flour  and  gi'ain,  aside  from  miscellaneous 
merchandise. 

The  shipments  aggregated  1,232,966  tons  in  1916 
and  975,031  tons  in  1906,  an  increase  for  the  period 
of  26.5  per  cent,  and  the  receipts  aggregated  91,801 
tons  in  1916  and  63,832  tons  in  1906.  There  were 
reported  for  1916,  124,548  tons  of  lighterage  or  harbor 
work,  as  compared  with  72,400  tons  in  1906. 

Charleston,  W.  Va.,  the  principal  port  on  the  river, 
had  a  freight  movement  of  74,581  tons  in  1916  and 
38,650  tons  in  1906. 

In  1916  steam  packet  boats,  carrying  11,867  passen- 
gers, operated  between  Charleston,  Gallipohs,  and 
Montgomery,  stopping  at  intermediate  points.     Fcr- 


116515°— 20— 13 


178 


TEANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


ries  propelled  by  gasoline  motors,  at  St.  Albans, 
Sattes,  Leon,  Arbuckle,  Point  Pleasant,  and  Hender- 
son, carried  51,700  passengers.  Unrigged  craft  oper- 
ated by  pulley  and  cable  handled  71,691,  or  53  per 
cent  of  all  passengers  carried  on  tliis  river  during 
1916.     In  1906,  77,952  passengers  were  carried. 

Big  Sandy. — The  Sandy  or  Big  Sandy,  sometimes 
called  the  Chatterawah,  is  navigable  for  small  steam- 
boats via  its  west  fork  for  nearly  100  mUes.  The 
shipments,  reported  as  miscellaneous  freight  in  1916, 
amounted  to  2,648  tons  and  the  receipts  to  1,088  tons. 
Thefigm-es  for  shipments  in  1906  were  1,776  tons  and 
for  receipts  4,887  tons. 

Steam  vessels  reported  4,555  passengers  in  1906. 
In  1916  all  passenger  traffic,  which  amounted  to 
56,000,  was  handled  by  unrigged  craft  operated  by 
pulley  and  cable.  The  traffic  was  mostlj'  miners, 
laborers,  and  farmers  going  to  and  from  work.  Nearly 
one-half  of  the  passenger  movement  was  at  Georges 
Creek.  There  was  no  up-and-down  stream  passenger 
traffic  in  1916. 

Scioto. — The  next  aifiuent  of  the  Ohio  is  the  Scioto, 
which  is  navigable  for  about  130  miles  from  its  mouth. 
No  freight  traffic  was  reported  in  1916  or  1906,  but  in 
1916  there  were  20,000  tons  classed  as  lighterage  or 
harbor  work,  the  same  being  sand  and  gravel  dredged 
for  the  building  trade.  No  passenger  traffic  was  re- 
ported on  this  river  in  1916  and  1906. 

Kentucky. — The  Kentucky  is  navigable  by  steam- 
boats to  Frankfort.  The  freight  shipments  credited 
to  the  river  in  1916  aggregated  32,360  tons,  chiefly 
general  merchandise  and  tobacco,  as  compared  with 
26,775  tons  in  1906,  and  the  receipts  were  54,358 
tons  in  1916  and  23,525  tons  in  1906.  Coal  consti- 
tuted a  large  part  of  the  receipts  in  1916. 

Only  3,825  passengers  were  reported  for  the  river 
in  1916.  Four  motor  boats  handled  2,881  passengers, 
and  unrigged  craft,  944.  The  motor  boats  had  no 
regular  routes,  but  went  wherever  business  offered. 
There  were  7,752  passengers  carried  on  this  river  in 
1906. 

Green  and  Barren. — The  Green  River  of  Kentucky 
is  navigable  for  217  miles,  and  small  steamboats  can 
ascend  the  Barren,  or  the  Big  Barren,  the  chief  afflu- 
ent of  the  Green,  to  Bowling  Green.  The  freight 
shipments  in  1916  aggregated  154,102  tons,  including 
as  chief  commodities,  aside  from  miscellaneous  mer- 
chandise, grain,  sand  and  gravel,  coal,  and  lumber. 
In  1906  the  shipments  amounted  to  305,144  tons. 
The  receipts  at  the  river  ports  in  1916  amounted  to 
49,982  tons  and  in  1906  to  80,902  tons.  Of  the  fore- 
going the  Barren  is  credited  for  1916  with  15,575  tons 
of  shipments  and  35,559  tons  of  receipts.  The  light- 
erage or  harbor  work  reported  for  1916  amounted  to 
10,500  tons. 

Bowling  Green,  on  the  Big  Barren,  had  a  freight 
movement,  shipments  and  receipts  combined,  of 
39,541  tons  in  1916,  and  Livermore,  on  the  Green,  of 


3,363  tons.  During  1916  the  passenger  traffic  on  these 
rivers  aggregated  20,930,  as  compai-ed  with  45,326  in 
1906,  a  decrease  of  24,396,  or  53.8  per  cent.  In  the 
former  year  tliree  packet  lines,  two  operating  freight 
and  passenger  vessels  from  EvansvUle  to  Spottsville 
and  Calhoun  and  one  operating  a  tug  and  barges  from 
Evansville  to  Bowling  Green  and  Mammoth  Cave, 
carried  both  freight  and  passengers.  This  class  of 
vessels  handled  8,705  passengers.  In  addition  several 
small-tonnage  gasoline  motor  boats,  engaged  princi- 
pally in  handhng  United  States  mail,  carried  12,025 
passengers  over  regular  routes.  Unrigged  craft  carried 
200  passengers. 

Wahash  and  White. — The  Wabash,  about  517  miles 
long,  is  ordinarily  navigable  to  Covington  and  diu-ing 
stages  of  high  water  to  Lafayette.  The  White  (of 
Indiana),  a  tributary  of  the  Wabash,  is  navigable  to 
Martinsville,  on  the  West  Fork.  A  small  amount  of 
freight  (400  tons)  was  reported  for  Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  in 
1916,  and  5,250  tons  for  Grayvdle,  111.  The  ship- 
ments from  the  ports  and  landings  on  the  Wabash 
aggregated  15,320  tons  in  1916,  as  compared  vnih. 
42,427  tons  in  1906;  and  the  receipts  were  6,027  tons  in 
1916  and  30,537  tons  in  1906.  No  freight  traffic  was 
reported  for  the  White.  A  relatively  large  tonnage 
of  sand,  gravel,  etc.,  classed  as  lighterage  or  harbor 
work,  was  reported  for  the  Wabash  in  1916,  chiefly  at 
Patton  and  Mount  Carmel,  111.,  while  7,232  tons  were 
reported  for  the  White. 

The  total  passenger  traffic  on  these  two  rivers  de- 
creased from  78,391  in  1906  to  75,120  in  1916.  No 
steam  vessels  were  in  operation  in  1916.  A  few  small- 
tonnage  gasoline  motor  boats  carried  16,700  passen- 
gers to  various  points  on  the  river,  including  400  ex- 
cursionists on  private  yachts.  Several  motor-boat 
ferries  took  passengers  from  shore  to  shore  on  the 
Wabash  River.  These  ferries  handled  42,000  passen- 
gers in  1916.  Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels  and 
unrigged  craft  carried  16,420  passengers. 

Cumberland. — ^The  length  of  the  river  is  estimated 
at  687  miles.  Steamboats  ascend  to  Nashville,  192 
miles  from  its  mouth,  and  a  large  portion  of  the  river 
above  NashvOle  is  navigable  during  high  water. 

The  freight  shipments  credited  to  the  river  aggre- 
gated 180,010  tons  in  191.6,  as  compared  with  348,697 
tons  in  1906,  a  marked  decrease;  and  the  receipts 
amounted  to  109,068  tons  in  1916,  as  compared  with 
178,951  tons  in  1906.  Aside  from  miscellaneous 
merchandise  the  chief  commodities  were  lumber,  grain, 
and  tobacco,  with  phosphate  and  fertilizer  forming  a 
considerable  part  of  the  balance  of  outgoing  shipments. 
The  chief  ports  on  the  river  are  Nashville,  Tenn.,  with 
a  freight  movement  of  56,251  tons  in  1916  and  99,193 
tons  in  1906,  and  Burnside,  Ky.,  with  25,301  tons  in 
1916  and  32,175  tons  in  1906.  In  1916  there  were 
178,302  tons  of  lighterage  or  harbor  work,  of  which 
142,453  tons  were  at  Nashville.  In  1906  the  total 
reported  for  the  river  was  28,125  tons. 


MISSISSIPPI  PJVER  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES. 


179 


In  1916,  247,456  passengers  were  handled  on  the 
Cumberland  Kiver.  Ferries  carried  141,810;  imrigged 
craft,  54,000;  freight  and  passenger  vessels,  51,106; 
and  tugs  and  other  towing  vessels,  540.  Of  this 
number  150,825  were  carried  on  vessels  propelled  by 
gasoline  motors.  Steam -propelled  vessels  handled 
42,631,  and  the  balance  were  carried  on  barges  and 
other  unrigged  craft.  The  passenger  traffic  in  1916 
was  over  five  and  one-half  times  greater  than  in  1906, 
when  43,865  passengers  were  handled. 

Steamboats  from  Nashville  ply  to  Paducah  and  to 
Burnside,  which  is  practically  the  head  of  navigation. 
These  boats  carried  19,969  exclusion  and  15,262  regu- 
lar passengers  in  1916.  Three  small  tonnage  gasoline 
motor  boats  carried  8,485  passengers  between  Cum- 
berland City,  Clarksville,  and  Dover.  Privately 
owned  gasoline  motor  ferries  carried  44,500  passengers 
across  stream.  There  are  also  several  municipal  or 
quasi-municipal  gasoline  motor  ferries  owned  and 
operated  by  Davidson,  Dixon,  Montgomery,  and 
Chatham  Counties.  AH  of  them  are  free  ferries,  no 
charge  being  made  for  carrying  passengers.  These 
municipal  ferries  carried  71,610  passengers  across 
stream.  Montgomery  County  also  has  at  Clarksville 
a  barge  ferry  operated  by  current,  buoys  being  used 
to  support  the  cable.  This  ferry  handled  50,000  pas- 
sengers in  1916.  A  ferry  is  also  in  operation  at  Cmn- 
berland  City,  towed  by  a  gasoline  launch  under  5  tons 
net  register,  which  carried  4,000  passengers. 

Tennessee.— This  river  is  the  largest  affluent  of  the 
Ohio,  with  a  length  of  652  miles.  Steamboats  can 
ascend  to  Florence,  Ala.,  270  mUes  from  its  mouth. 
The  Muscle  Shoals  above  Florence  extend  to  Decatur, 
and  above  Decatur  the  river  is  navigable  to  Kingston, 
Tenn. 

The  river  shipments  aggregated  619,414  tons  in  1916, 
including  6,479  tons  for  the  French  Broad  and  2,100 
tons  for  the  Hiwassee,  affluents  of  the  Tennessee,  and 
the  receipts  466,407  tons,  including  6,479  tons  for  the 
French  Broad,  the  same  as  the  shipments,  and  1,650 
tons  for  the  Hiwassee.  The  excess  of  shipments 
over  receipts,  153,007  tons,  consisted  chieflj'  of  liunber 
and  pig  iron.  In  1906  the  river  shipments  were 
678,501  tons  and  the  receipts  472,759  tons. 

Railway  car  freight  to  the  amount  of  187,245  tons 
is  included  in  the  statistics  for  the  river,  the  transfer 
points  being  between  the  Chamberlain-Caney  inclines 
of  the  Roane  Iron  Co.,  Tennessee,  10.5  miles,  and  be- 
tween Gimters  Landing  and  Hobbs  Island,  Ala.,  of  the 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railway,  approxi- 
mately 20  miles. 

The  chief  ports  on  the  Tennessee  are  KnoxvLlle, 
with  a  freight  movement  in  1916  of  9,280  tons  and  in 
1906  of  77,828  tons;  Chattanooga,  with  51,760  tons 
in  1916  and  91,061  tons  in  1906;  Decatur,  Ala.,  with 
37,851  tons  in  1916  and  81,078  m  1906;  and  Florence, 
Ala.,  with  4,050  tons  in  1916  and  27,040  tons  in  1906; 
the  Ughterage  or  harbor  work  on  the  river  aggregated 


267,038  tons  in  1916,  of  which  135,860  tons  were  at 
KnoxviUe  and  131,178  tons  at  Chattanooga.  In  1906 
but  4,500  tons  of  lighterage  were  rejjorted,  all  at 
Knoxville. 

The  mmaber  of  passengers  carried  on  the  Tennessee 
River  and  its  tributaries,  the  French  Broad  and  the 
Hiwassee,  in  1916  was  277,205,  as  compared  with 
122,401  m  1906,  an  increase  of  154,804,  or  126.5  per 
cent.  Unrigged  craft  handled  154,501  passengers, 
steam  vessels  93,476,  and  gasoline  motor  vessels  29,228. 
Local  boat  lines  have  headquarters  at  the  principal 
towns  along  the  river.  Several  steam  freight  and  pas- 
senger vessels  operate  between  points  on  this  and  the 
Ohio  and  Mississippi  Rivers.  The  longest  boat  service 
reported  in  1916  was  between  Chattanooga,  Tenn., 
and  Joppa,  111.,  a  distance  of  550  miles.  Other  regular 
service  by  steamboats  was  between  Chattanooga  and 
Decatur  and  Florence,  Ala.;  from  Paducah,  Ky.,  to 
Waterloo  and  Lambs  Ferry;  from  KnoxviOe  to 
Stewarts  Landing,  and  from  St.  Louis  to  Shiloh  Park, 
Term.  There  were  26,277  passengers  handled  on 
these  boats.  At  Decatur,  ^Vla.,  a  steam  ievry  was  in 
operation,  which  carried  52,729  passengers  in  1916. 
There  was  also  a  steam  ferry  between  Hobbs  Island 
and  Gunters  Landing  operated  as  a  railroad  transfer, 
which  carried  14,470  passengers.  Several  smaU-ton- 
nage  gasoline  motor  vessels  did  passenger  and  ferry 
service  between  small  towns  and  places  where  the 
large  steam  vessels  did  not  stop.  This  class  of  boats 
carried  29,228  passengers.  Over  one-half  of  the  pas- 
senger traffic  on  the  Tennessee  and  aU  on  the  French 
Broad  and  Hiwassee  Rivers  was  handled  on  unrigged 
craft,  towed  either  by  gasoline  motor  launches  of  under 
5  tons  or  handled  by  chain  or  pulley  and  cable.  There 
were  also  in  operation  across  the  Tennessee  River  in 
Eaiox  Count}'  several  barges  and  other  unrigged  craft 
owned  by  the  county  and  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
coimty  judge  and  operated  as  free  ferries.  These 
craft  carried  47,500  passengers  in  1916. 

The  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries  (othfr  than  the 
Ohio). — The  Mississippi  River  is  navigable  for  large 
river  boats  to  St.  Louis,  a  distance  of  1 ,256  mUes,  and  for 
smaller  boats  to  St.  Paul,  a  distance  of  about  2,150 
miles  from  the  mouth.  Above  the  falls  at  Minne- 
apolis there  is  some  navigation  as  far  as  Cass  Lake. 

Freight. — The  freight  commerce  of  the  upper  Mis- 
sissippi, aside  from  miscellaneous  or  package  freight, 
consists  chiefly  of  sand,  gravel,  etc.,  shipped  and 
delivered  within  its  territory-,  with  some  coal,  grain, 
liunber,  fruits  and  vegetables,  and  floiu-;  and  of  the 
lower  Mississippi,  coal,  to  a  large  extent  coming  down 
from  the  Ohio,  sand  and  gravel,  lumber,  gram,  petro- 
leum, iron  ore,  and  cotton. 

The  freight  statistics  include  railway  car  freight 
transferred  across  the  Mississipjii  at  nine  points,  viz, 
between  New  Orleans  and  Goxildsboro  and  Algiers, 
3,037,970  tons;  Baton  Rouge  and  Anchorage,  1,970,- 
430   tons;  ^\jigola  and  Naples,   580,001    tons — aR  in 


180 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Louisiana;  Natchez,  Miss.,  and  Vidalia,  La.,  57,202 
tons;  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  and  Delta,  La.,  6.58,296  tons; 
Trotters  Point,  Miss.,  and  Helena,  Ark.,  330,9.57 
tons;  Kelloggs  Landing,  HI.,  and  Little  Rock,  Mo., 
1,225,701  tons;  and  West  Ivory,  Mo.,  contiguous  to  St. 
Louis,  and  East  Ivory,  lU.,  2,475,183  tons,  and  within 
the  port  of  St.  Louis,  750  tons.  This  car  freight 
aggregated  10,336,490  tons  and  constituted  more 
than  nine-tenths  of  the  freight  for  the  lower  Missis- 
sippi. In  1906  the  railway  car  freight  of  the  lower 
Mississippi  aggregated  6,017,820  tons. 

These  car-transshipment  points  -are  all  below  St. 
Louis,  this  section  of  the  Mississippi  being  bridged  at 
only  two  points,  from  Thebes,  III.,  to  Illmo,  Mo.,  and 
at  Memphis,  Tenn. 

The  shipments  credited  to  the  river  as  a  whole  ag- 
gregated 11,625,683  tons  in  1916,  and  the  receipts 
12,077,207  tons,  or,  excluding  railway  car  freight,  to 
1,285,193  tons  of  shipments  and  1,740,717  tons  of  re- 
ceipts. These  latter  figures  are  comparable  with 
2,764,466  tons  of  shipments  and  4,084,162  tons  of 
receipts  in  1906,  a  decrease  for  the  period,  excluding 
car  freight,  of  53.4  per  cent  in  shipments  and  57.4  per 
cent  in  receipts. 

Following  the  course  of  the  river  the  freight  move- 
ments, shipments  and  receipts  combined,  of  the  ports 
for  which  data  are  available  are  as  given  in  the  fol- 
lowing tabular  statement,  which  presents  the  figures 
for  1916  and  1906: 


POET. 

TOT.\L      FRFTfinT       MOVE- 
MENT—NET TONS. 

1916 

1906 

374 

6,249 

37,127 

58,363 

99,667 

1,074 

36,054 

50, 201 

10.722 

11,267 

154,813 

66,KH8 

2S7,047 

•342,213 

61,564 

'778,143 

177,657 

'2,0.86,786 

'3,523,239 

10,260 

5,439 

37,  .503 

Galena,  Dl 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Moline.ni 

Davenport,  Iowa 

95,163 
S.),.594 
21  034 

Rock  Mand,  111 

Muscatine,  Iowa 

Quincy  111 

39,222 

33,604 

743,  981 

247,239 

662,308 

60,463 

89, 519 

375,454 

56,966 

15,508 

1,036,613 

Alton,  111 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

Cairo.ni 

Helena,  Ark 

Greenville,  Miss 

Vicksbiug,  Miss 

Natchez,  Miss 

Baton  Rouge,  La 

New  Orleans,  La 

•  Includes  railway  car  freight. 

New  Orleans  has  traffic  with  gulf  and  ocean  ports 
not  included  in  the  foregoing,  which  is  confined  to 
river  freight.  The  total  freight  movement  of  the  port 
of  New  Orleans  in  1916,  not  including  imports  and 
exports,  aggregated  5,773,555  tons,  and  in  1906,  5,699,- 
932  tons,  the  foregoing  comprising,  in  addition  to  the 
river  freight  movement  as  given  above,  2,245,316  tons 
of  shipments  and  receipts  from  gulf  and  ocean  ports  in 
1916  and  1,924,484  tons  in  1906.  The  combined  fig- 
ures for  ocean,  gulf,  and  river  freight  necessarily  in- 
volve duplications,  not  of  tonnage  as  handled  but  of 
merchandise,  to  the  extent  that  ocean  or  gulf  freight 


received  at  New  Orleans  is  transshipped  up  river  and 
river  freight  received  at  New  Orleans  enters  into  out- 
going gulf  or  ocean  freight.  Data  are  not  available  to 
show  the  extent  of  this  duplication. 

Accurate  tonnage  data  are  not  avaUablo  as  to  im- 
ports and  exports.  The  value  of  the  imports  of  mer- 
chandise at  the  customs  district  of  New  Orleans  for 
the  calendar  year  1916  was  $92,041,439,  and  for  the 
calendar  year  1906,  $44,860,252,  and  the  value  of  the 
exports  $266,675,755  in  1916  and  $167,988,257  in  1906, 
showing  an  increase  of  105.2  per  cent  in  value  of  im- 
ports and  58. 7  per  cent  in  value  of  exports  for  the 
period  1906-1916. 

In  an  investigation  made  by  the  Isthmian  Canal 
Commission  into  the  cargo  tonnage  of  American  mari- 
time commerce  it  was  found  that  the  average  value 
of  the  cargo  ton  of  exports  for  the  Atlantic  coast  was 
$35.98,  and  that  the  average  value  of  the  cargo  ton  of 
imports  was  $62.84.  Assuming  that  these  average 
values  held  approximately  for  New  Orleans,  the  im- 
ports for  1916  are  estimated  at  2,560,000  tons  and  for 
1906  at  1,250,000  tons,  and  the  exports  at  4,240,000 
tons  for  1916  and  2,670,000  tons  for  1906.  Of  course 
some  of  this  imported  and  exported  merchandise 
enters  through  transshipment  into  the  statistics  for 
domestic  water  traffic. 

The  total  freight  movement  of  New  Orleans  was 
therefore  approximately  12,574,000  tons  in  1916  and 
9,620,000  tons  in  1906. 

Lighterage. — The  lighterage  or  harbor  work  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  not  classed  as  freight,  aggregated 
2,846,800  tons  in  1916  and  2,781,700  tons  in  1906. 

That  assignable  to  the  leading  ports  in  1916  was 
as  foUows: 


PORT. 

Lighterage 

or  harbor 

work,  net 

tons. 

PORT. 

Licrhterace 

or  harbor 

work,  net 

tons. 

5.5,  .590 
31.650 
37,988 
31,433 
40,000 
28,  7.55 
83,167 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

1,351,387 
42,869 
29,067 
33,600 
2.5.5,403 
41  805 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Cairo,  El 

MoUne  111 

Rock  Island,  111 

Orpen\-illp,  Mis.; 

Oiiincv.  Ill 

Alton, ni 

414,089 

In  1906  there  was  reported  for  St.  Louis  969,002  tons 
of  lighterage  or  harbor  work;  for  Cairo,  14,600  tons; 
Memphis,  195,000  tons;  Greenville,  89,000  tons;  Baton 
Rouge,  42,400  tons;  and  for  New  Orleans,  107,500 
tons. 

Passengers. — The  number  of  passengers  carried  on 
the  Mississippi  River  itself  was  9,865,237  in  1916,  as 
compared  with  8,345,686  in  1906,  an  increase  of 
1,519,551,  or  18.2  per  cent.  The  great  bulk  of  the 
passenger  traffic  was  on  the  lower  Mississippi  south 
from  St.  Louis.  On  this  section,  classed  as  the  lower 
Mississippi,  was  carried  76.7  per  cent  of  the  total 
number  of  passengers  for  the  entire  river  in  1916,  as 
compared  with  83  per  cent  in  1906.  Passenger  traffic 
by  ferryboats  constituted  77.6  per  cent  in  1916  and 


MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES. 


181 


81.4  per  cent  iii  1906.  Of  the  2,214,253  passengers 
carried  on  boats  other  than  ferries  in  1916,  1,145,252 
were  regular  and  1,069,001  excursion  passengers. 
The  corresponding  figures  for  1906  are  614,640  and 
934,876,  respectively.  The  regular  passenger  traffic 
on  the  Mississippi  remained  practically  the  same  as  it 
was  10  years  ago.  The  through  passenger  business, 
once  so  famous,  no  longer  exists,  and  while  some  packet 
lines  are  still  engaged  in  the  transportation  of  pas- 
sengers this  traffic  is  limited  in  the  main  to  local 
movements  or  to  excursion  business. 

Minnesota. — The  Minnesota  River  is  an  affluent 
of  the  Mississippi  between  Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul. 
It  is  navigable  for  small  steamboats  for  about  50  miles 
from  its  mouth  during  high  water.  No  freight  tralfic 
was  reported  for  the  river  in  1916  by  boats  of  5  tons 
net  register.  In  1906  the  freight  traffic  for  the 
river,  shipments  and  receipts  the  same,  was  420  tons. 

The  passenger  traffic  on  this  river  shows  a  falling 
off  from  53,600  m  1906  to  6,800  in  1916,  a  decrease  of 
46,800,  or  87.3  per  cent.  In  1906  all  passengers  carried 
were  excursion,  but  in  1916,  6,000  were  reported  as 
regular  and  800  as  excursion  passengers.  Only  one 
gasoline  boat  of  7  tons  net  register  was  engaged  in  the 
passenger  traffic  on  this  river. 

St.  Croix. — The  St.  Croix  joins  the  Mississippi  on  the 
left  about  27  miles  below  St.  Paul.  Navigation  is 
interrupted  by  the  St.  Croix  Falls  about  55  miles  from 
its  mouth.  The  freight  shipments  reported  for  the 
river  in  1916  were  30  tons  and  the  receipts  30  tons, 
compared  with  50  tons  of  shipments  and  550  tons  of 
receipts  in  1906. 

Tlie  passenger  traffic  in  1916  was  8,052,  composed  of 
5,876  regular,  1,896  ferry,  and  280  excursion  passen- 
gers. There  were  11,968  passengers  transported  on 
the  St.  Croix  River  in  1906,  all  on  freight  and  passenger 
boats. 

Roclc. — ^The  Rock  River  of  Illinois  joins  the  Mis- 
sissippi about  3  miles  below  Rock  Island.  Navi- 
gation is  partly  obstructed  by  rapids,  and  only  a  small 
amount  of  freight  was  reported  for  the  river  in  1916; 
shipments,  29  tons,  and  no  receipts.  No  freight  was 
reported  in  1906. 

Freight  and  passenger  boats  carried  3,200  passengers 
in  1916.     None  were  reported  for  1906. 

Des  Moines. — The  Des  Moines  River  of  Iowa  joins 
the  Mississippi  3  miles  below  Keokuk.  It  is 
navigable  for  steamers  to  Des  Moines.  No  freight  or 
passenger  trafiic  was  reported  for  1916  or  1906. 

Illinois. — The  Illinois  River,  formed  by  the  junction 
of  the  Des  Plames  and  Kankakee  Rivers,  is  273  miles 
long  and  navigable  for  its  entire  length.  It  is  con- 
nected with  the  South  Branch  of  the  Chicago  River 
by  the  Illinois  &  Michigan  Canal  from  La  Salle,  and 
by  the  Chicago  Drainage  Canal  which  joins  the  waters 
of  the  Des  Plaines  at  Lockport. 

The  freight  shipments  from  the  river  ports  and 
landings  in  1916  were  125,852  tons,  and  the  receipts 
114,232  tons,  both  including  47,462  tons  of  grain.     In 


1906  the  shipments  were  105,826  tons  and  the  receipts 
105,002.     The  traffic  is  chiefly  local. 

Peoria  had  a  freight  movement  of  12,855  tons  in 
1916  and  29,277  tons  m  1906,  and  Pekin  42,423  tons  in 
1916  and  10,050  tons  in  1906.  Lighterage  or  harbor 
work  at  Peoria  to  the  amount  of  130,625  tons  was 
reported  in  1916. 

The  number  of  passengers  carried  on  the  Illinois 
River  in  1916  was  240,175,  as  compared  with  455,935 
in  1906,  a  decrease  of  215,760,  or  47.3  per  cent. 
Excursion  business  made  up  the  great  bulk  of  the 
passenger  traffic  both  in  1916  and  1906.  In  the 
former  year  it  represented  68.7  per  cent  and  in  the 
latter  year  88.1  per  cent.  Several  packet  boats 
operate  on  the  river,  some  to  St.  Louis,  carrying 
both  regular  and  excursion  passengers.  A  ferry  makes 
daily  trips  between  La  Salle  and  Ottawa,  operating 
three  small  gasoline  boats,  which  carried  36,000 
regular  and  5,500  excursion  passengers  during  1910. 
A  number  of  yachts  are  used  on  the  river  both  for 
fishing  and  pleasure. 

Missouri. — The  ^lissouri  River  joins  the  Mississippi 
3  miles  below  Alton,  111.,  and  about  18  miles  above  St. 
Louis.  It  is  formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Jef- 
ferson, Gallatin,  and  Madison  Rivers  or  forks  in  Mon- 
tana. It  is  navigable  for  steamboats  to  Fort  Benton, 
Mont.,  at  high  water,  2,300  miles  from  its  mouth,  and 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Yellowstone,  at  Buford,  N.  Dak., 
a  t  low  water.  The  chief  towTis,  in  descending  order,  are 
Great  Falls  and  Fort  Benton,  Mont.;  Bismarck,  N. 
Dak. ;  Pierre  and  Yankton,  S.  Dak. ;  Sioux  City  and 
Council  Bluffs,  Iowa;  Omaha  and  Nebraska  City, 
Nebr. ;  St.  Joseph,  Mo. ;  Atchison,  Leavenworth,  and 
Kansas  City,  Kans.;  and  Kansas  City  and  Jefferson 
City,  Mo. 

The  freight  commerce  of  the  ilissouri,  inclusive  of  its 
tributaries,  aggregated,  in  1916,  200,729  tons  in  ship- 
ments and  207,287  tons  in  receipts,  of  which  tonnage 
the  Osage  contributed  7,962  tons  and  the  Gasconade 
4,132  tons,  the  river  commerce  of  these  tributaries 
bemg  local  and  the  shipments  and  receipts  equal  in 
amounts.  The  chief  commodities,  aside  from  package 
or  miscellaneous  merchandise,  were  stone,  sand,  etc., 
and  grain. 

In  1906  the  shipments  for  the  river  and  its  tributa- 
ries were  1,046,020  tons  and  the  receipts  1,050,504 
tons,  the  figures  showuig  a  decrease  of  a  little  over 
80  per  cent  in  freight  traffic  for  1916  as  compared  with 
1906. 

The  onlj'  port  on  the  river  for  which  freight  is  sepa- 
rately given  is  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  which  in  1916  had 
a  freight  movement  of  19,562  tons  and  in  1906  a  total 
of  645,954  tons,  of  which  250  tons  were  shipments  and 
645,704  tons  receipts,  stone,  sand,  etc.,  representing 
645,064  tons.  This  port  is  credited  ^vith  747,031  tons 
of  lighterage  or  harbor  work,  sand  and  gravel,  in  1916, 
and  with  but  5,000  tons  in  1906.  Apparently  the  sand 
and  gravel  appearing  as  lighterage  or  harbor  work  in 
1916  was  classed  as  freight  in  1906. 


182 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Tho  lighterage  or  harbor  work  credited  to  the  river 
and  its  tributaries  in  1916  aggregated  1,047,619  tons, 
inclusive  of  that  at  Kansas  City,  and  in  1906,  19,485 
tons. 

The  passenger  traffic  of  the  Missouri  is  insignificant. 
There  is  no  through  traffic  from  its  source  to  the  Mis- 
sissippi. AH  passenger  traffic  is  local.  Tlie  number 
of  passengers  carried  on  the  river,  including  its  tribu- 
taries, the  Osage  and  Gasconade,  aggregated  347,339 
in  1916,  as  compared  with  382,040  in  1906.  Since 
1906  there  has  been  a  large  decline  in  the  number  of 
passengers  carried  on  freight  and  passenger  vessels. 
This  class  of  boats  carried  165,201  passengers  in  1906 
and  only  70,034  in  1916,  a  decrease  of  95,167,  or  57.6 
per  cent,  and  most  of  this  traffic  in  1916  was  excur- 
sion passenger  traffic,  one  large  vessel  carrying  38,712 
in  and  aroimd  Kansas  City  Harbor.  Ferryboat  traf- 
fic formed  69.2  per  cent  of  the  passenger  business  in 
1916  and  56.8  per  cent  in  1906.  Nearly  all  of  the 
ferry  traffic  was  done  by  small-tonnage  gasoUne  boats, 
which  operated,  to  a  large  extent,  on  the  upper  Mis- 
souri and  Yellowstone  Rivers. 

Unrigged  craft,  operating  as  ferries  and  handled  by 
pulley  and  cable,  carried  35,630  passengers  across 
river  at  various  points  on  the  Missom-i  and  its  tribu- 
taries. One  boat  of  this  character  located  at  Cul- 
bertson,  Mont.,  carried  over  60  per  cent  of  the  total 
mmiber  of  passengers  moved  by  this  kind  of  craft. 

During  1 906  steamboat  traffic  on  the  Osage  River  was 
carried  on  principally  by  three  small  packets,  which,  in 
addition  to  freight,  carried  1,500  passengers.  In  1916 
only  one  vessel,  a  tug  and  towing  boat,  was  in  opera- 
tion on  this  river  and  carried  1,100  passengers. 

Three  packets  carrying  597  passengers  were  in 
operation  on  the  Gasconade  River  in  1906.  In  1916 
one  packet  company  operated  two  small  boats,  one 
carrying  passengers  a  distance  of  40  miles  and  the 
other  doing  ferry  service  only.  The  aggregate  num- 
ber of  passengers  carried  by  these  two  boats  was 
10,020. 

Hatchie. — Descending  the  Mississippi  and  passing 
the  Ohio  (for  which  see  above)  the  next  affluent  for 
which  water-borne  traffic  is  reported  is  the  Hatchie 
or  Big  Hatchie  of  Tennessee,  for  which  in  1916  freight 
shipments  were  reported  to  the  amount  of  4,710  tons 
and  receipts  95  tons.  No  freight  shipments  or  re- 
ceipts were  reported  for  the  river  in  1906,  and  no 
passenger  traffic  for  either  1906  or  1916. 

St.  Francis. — This  river  enters  the  Mississippi  8 
miles  above  Helena,  Ark.,  and  is  navigable  for  about 
150  miles.  River  shipments  and  receipts  each 
amounted  to  6,110  tons  in  1916.  The  L'Anguille,  an 
affluent  of  the  St.  Francis,  reported  shipments  and 
receipts  each  384  tons,  making  for  the  St.  Francis 
and  its  tributary  a  total  of  6,494  tons  for  both  ship- 
ments and  receipts.  In  1906  there  were  58,902  tons 
of  shipments,  all  outgoing  lumber. 

Passenger  traffic  on  the  St.  Francis  River  and  the 
L'Anguille   is  done  by  small   gasoUne  boats  owned 


mostly  by  farmers  living  along  the  banks  of  the  rivers. 
The  entire  number  of  passengers  carried  in  1916  was 
only  2,627,  of  which  400  were  carried  on  the  L'Anguille 
near  Marked  Tree,  Ark. 

WJiite  and  Black  of  Arkansas. — Tlie  Wliite  River  is 
navigable  for  steamboats  toBatesviUe,  about  301  mdes 
from  its  mouth.  The  Black,  which  enters  the  White  at 
Jacksonport,  is  navigable  for  small  steamboats  for 
133  miles. 

The  freight  shipments  reported  for  the  White  in 
1916  amounted  to  89,652  tons  and  the  receipts  to 
88,621  tons,  and  for  the  Black,  the  shipments  were 
28,767  tons  and  receipts  24,218  tons.  The  correspond- 
ing figiu-es  for  1906  are:  White,  shipments  43,933 
tons,  receipts 25,433  tons;  and  Black,  shipments  20,059 
tons,  receipts  20,049  tons. 

In  1916  there  were  27,030  passengers  carried  on 
these  two  rivers,  mostly  by  small  gasoUne  boats  and 
unrigged  craft  handled  by  pulley  and  cable. 

Arkansas. — Small  steamboats  can  ascend  the  Ar- 
kansas as  far  as  Wichita,  Kans.,  a  distance  of  600 
mUes,  except  during  low  water.  The  freight  ship- 
ments in  1916  were  but  26,751  tons,  of  which  more 
than  two-thirds  were  sand,  stone,  etc.,  and  receipts 
27,361  tons.  In  1906  the  shipments  were  24,994 
tons  and  receipts  35,871  tons. 

Little  Rock  had  a  freight  movement  of  3,495  tons 
in  1916  and  5,476  in  1906,  and  Pine  Bluff  a  freight 
movement  of  25,655  tons  in  1916  and  11,393  tons  in 
1906. 

Passengers  carried  on  the  Arkansas  and  its  tribu- 
taries in  1916  numbered  47,531,  as  compared  with 
75,370  in  1906,  a  decrease  of  27,839,  or  36.9  per  cent. 
A  very  large  proportion  of  the  passenger  traffic  in  1906 
was  done  by  ferryboats,  while  in  1916  aU  of  the  pas- 
sengers except  700  were  carried  on  ferries  and  on 
unrigged  craft  handled  by  pulley  and  cable. 

Yazoo  and  Sunflower. — ^The  Yazoo,  the  most  impor- 
tant affluent  in  the  state  of  Mississippi,  enters  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  at  Vicksburg  and  is  about  178  miles 
long  and  navigable  by  steamboats  throughout  its 
com^e.  The  Sunflower,  with  a  length  of  about  216 
mQes,  is  the  chief  affluent  of  the  Yazoo.  Collectively, 
the  freight  shipments  in  1916  were  181,385  tons  and 
the  receipts  186,285  tons,  lumber  constituting  ap- 
proximately one-fourth;  the  shipments  and  receipts 
on  the  Sunflower  contributed  60,000  tons. 

In  1906  the  shipments  reported  for  the  Yazoo  aggre- 
gated 108,357  tons  and  the  receipts  62,325  tons. 

Passenger  traffic  on  the  Yazoo  and  its  tributary,  the 
Sunflower  River,  in  1916  was  carried  by  one  steam 
vessel  operating  between  Vicksburg  and  Greenwood, 
Miss.,  and  several  unrigged  craft  handled  by  pulley 
and  cable.  There  were  5,280  passengers  in  1916  and 
2,284  in  1906. 

Ouachita  and  Black  of  Louisiana,  Tensas,  and  Macon 
Bayou. — The  Ouachita,  or  Washita,  is  known  below 
the  jimction  of  the  Tensas  as  the  Black,  the  latter 
being  an  affluent  of  the  Red.     It  also  connects  with 


MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES. 


183 


the  Mississippi  through  the  Tensas  series  of  bayous, 
Macon  Bayou  being  one  of  the  series.  It  is  navigable 
to  Camden,  Ark.,  about  350  miles  from  the  Red.  The 
Tensas  is  about  240  miles  long  and  Macon  Bayou 
about  150  m^iles,  and  navigable  for  the  greater  part. 

The  freight  traffic  on  these  rivers  and  bayous  is 
local.  In  1916  the  shipments  on  the  Ouachita  and 
Black  of  Louisiana  amounted  to  42,659  tons  and  on 
the  Tensas  and  Macon  Bayou  to  200  tons.  In  1906 
the  shipments  on  the  Ouachita  and  Black  were  25,136 
tons  and  on  the  Tensas  and  Macon  Bayou  4,969  tons. 

Red. — ^The  Red  River  is  navigable  for  steamboats  to 
Shreveport,  350  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  at  high 
water  several  hundred  miles  farther.  The  freight 
traffic  in  1916  aggregated  6,560  tons,  shipments  and 
receipts  the  same,  compared  with  shipments  of  14,417 
tons  and  deliveries  of  8,481  tons  in  1906.  In  1906  a 
freight  movement  of  4,026  tons  was  reported  for 
Shreveport,  the  principal  port  on  the  river. 

Atchafalaya. — ^The  Atchafalaya  is  an  outlet  of  the 
Red  or  Mississippi,  with  a  discharge  into  the  gulf  at 


Atchafalaya  Bay.  Its  length  is  about  170  mUes,  of 
which  the  greater  part  is  navigable  for  steamboats. 
Freight  traffic  thereon  is  local  and  but  1,000  tons 
was  reported  in  1916. 

Lafourche. — Bayou  Lafourche  is  an  outlet  of  the 
Mississippi,  its  heai  being  at  DonaldsonviUe,  La.  It 
is  107  miles  long  and  navigable  for  steamboats.  The 
freight  traffic  thereon  in  1916  was  approximately 
5,200  tons. 

No  attempt  is  made  to  discuss  passenger  traffic  on 
the  above  rivers,  owing  to  the  incomplete  classifica- 
tion of  the  schedule. 

FREIGHT    MOVEMENT— BY   PORTS. 

The  freight  movement  for  the  chief  ports  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  and  its  tributaries,  the  same  comprising 
shipments  and  receipts,  is  given  in  Table  25  for  1916 
and  1906.  The  ports  are  ranked  according  to  the 
total  freight  tonnage,  shipments,  and  receipts  com- 
bined. 


Table  25.— FREIGHT  MOVEMENT  (TONS  OF  2,000  POUNDS),  BY  PORTS:  1916  AND  1906. 


BIVEE  SYSTEM   AND  PORT. 


Total. 


River  systems: 

Ohio 

Upper  Missis.sippi. . 
Lower  Mississippi.. 

Ports: 

Pittsburgh,  Pa 

New  Orleans,  La.*. . 
Baton  Rouge,  La. . . 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Vicksburg,  Miss 


Paducah,  Ky . . . 
Louisville,  Ky . . 

Helena,  Arlt 

Merapbis,  Tenn. 
Evansville,  Ind. 


St.  Loui9,  Mo 

Madison,  Ind 

Davenport,  Iowa. . . 

Natchez,  Miss 

Charleston,  W.  Va. 


Cairo,  111 

Greenville,  Miss 

Parkersburp,  W.  Va. 

Moline.lU 

Nashville,  Tenn 


Chattanooga,  Tenn. . 

BurUngton,  Iowa 

Pekin.Ill 

Bowling  Green,  Ky . 
Decatur,  Ala 


Clinton,  Iowa 

Muscatine,  Iowa. . 

Marietta,  Ohio 

Wheeling,  W.  Va. 
Pine  Bluff,  Ark... 


Bumside.  Ky 

All  other  ports 

Ohio  system 

Upper  Mississippi  system  . 
Lower  Mississippi  system . 


•New  Orleans: 

Mississippi  River 

Railway  car  freight . 

other 

Ocean,  coast,  and  guH . . 


Domestic 

Foreign  imports  and  exports  (estimated) . 


Total. 


TOTAL  FKEIGHT  MOVEMENT. 


1906 


SHIPMENTS. 


6,  "27, 2S9 

'3,528,239 

« 2, 086,786 

1,411,149 

<  778,148 

«7.54,.5.')2 
369,614 

«  342, 213 
287, 047 
251,549 

l'«,813 
1.35,382 

99,667 
«  77, 657 

74,581 


61, 5M 
60,848 
58,363 
56,251 

.51,  760 
.SO,  201 
42,423 
39.541 
37,851 

37,127 
36,054 
29,491 
28,296 
25,655 

25,301 


3,528,239 

3,037,970 

490, 269 

2.245,316 


5,773,555 
6,800,000 


12,573,555 


6,S.54,575 

1,036,613 

15,508 

2,363,215 

375, 4.54 

239, 808 
1,203,727 
60, 463 
662,308 
416,133 

743,981 
107,053 
95,163 
56,966 
38,650 

247,239 
89,  .519 
56,  ,547 
56.336 
99,193 

91,061 
35,777 
10,050 
50,367 
81,078 

37,503 
21,934 
33,480 
161,550 
11,393 

32,175 


1916 


27,962,583 


1906 


"19,531,093 


1916 


15,572,149 

754,451 

11,63.5,983 


238,396 

'1,639,975 

'1,024,820 

1-58,410 

'  214,  769 

'325,643 
108, 927 

'173,112 
80,419 
56,210 

44,104 

52,838 

5,022 

«  32, 282 

39,423 

12,910 
11,233 
36,224 
301 
16,981 

21,348 

7,500 

300 

4,846 

8,595 

1,325 
3,119 
16,013 
9,354 
2,975 

12,653 

23,602,526 

14,466,2.58 

736,88^1 

8,399,384 


3,773,448 

2,  738, 835 
1,036.613 
1,924,4,S4 


5,699.932 
3,920.000 


1,639,975 

1,437,624 

202, 351 

995,621 


2,635,596 
4,240,000 


9,619,932 


6, 875, 596 


15,228,805 
1,758,101 
2,  .546.187 


493, 702 

58,483 

4,896 

231,368 

232,061 

48,977 

86,772 

2,052 

395,494 

57,  762 

77,901 
21,495 
11,735 
14,. 531 
21,430 

13,130 

16,189 

35,649 

2,219 

11,920 

19,2,50 

4,856 


13.119 
18,003 

1,898 

1,392 

1.5, 8S3 

42,360 

5,902 

4,70s 
17,  .565, 9.56 
14,101,407 
1,736,001 
1,725,548 


27,962,583 


15,127,a59 

745, 143 

12,090,381 


1,542,671 

1,484,188 
5S,4S3 
741,621 


2.2S4.292 
2,670.000 


4,954,292 


6,488,893 
'1,888,264 
'1,061,966 

1,252,739 
'563,379 

'  428. 909 
260,687 

'169,101 
206,628 
195,339 

110,  709 
82,  .514 
94,645 

•  45,375 
35,158 

53,976 
50,331 
24,624 

58,062 
39, 270 

30,412 
42,  701 
42,123 
34,695 
29,256 

35, 802 
32,935 
13.448 
18.942 
22,680 

12,  MS 

14, .536,342 

6,179,495 

438, 875 

7,917,972 


1906 


•19,531,093 


1,888,264 
1,600,346 

287,918 
1,249,695 


3,137,959 
2,560.000 


14,036,946 
1,7.53,501 
3,740,646 


6,360,873 

978, 130 

10,612 

2,131,8)7 
143,393 

190,831 
1,116,955 

58,411 
266,814 
358,371 

666,080 
8.5,558 
83,428 
42,4.35 
17,220 

234,109 
73,330 
20,898 
54,117 
87,273 

71.811 
30,921 
10,050 
37,248 
63,075 

35,605 
20,542 
17,597 
119,190 
5,491 

27, 467 
6,111,111 
3,330,732 
1,518,838 
1,261,841 


2,232,777 
1,2.54.617 

9S7, 130 
1,182,863 


3,415,640 
1,2,50,000 


PEE  CENT  OK  INCBEASE.' 


Shipments, 


o 


-57.1 


-51.7 

(>) 

(•) 

-31.5 

(>) 

(») 

25.3 
(») 

-79.7 
-2.7 

-43.4 

145. 8 

-57.2 

(') 

84.0 

-1.7 

-30.6 

1.6 

—86. 4 

42.5 

10.9 
54.4 


-63.1 
-52.3 

-30.2 

124.1 

1.0 

-77.9 

-49.6 

168.8 

2.6 
—57.6 
386.3 


6.3 

-3.1 
246.0 
34.2 


15.4 

58.8 


5,697,959  I 


4,665,640  I 


38.8 


Receipts. 


O 


— 57.5 

o 


2.0 
(') 
(») 
-41.2 

(>) 

(") 

-76.7 
(') 
-22.6 
—45.5 

-S3. 4 

-3.5 

13.4 

(') 

1(M.2 

-76.9 

-31.4 

17.8 

7.3 

-55.0 


3.8.1 
319.1 
-6.9 
-53.6 

0  6 

60.3 

-23.6 

-84.1 

313.0 

-54.0 
137.9 
85.5 

—71.1 
527.5 


-15.4 

27.6 

-708 

5.7 


—8.1 
104.8 


•  .V  minus  sign  (  — )  denotes  decrease. 

*  Does  not  include  6,905,597  tons  carried  in  railway  cars;  treated  as  freight  in  1916. 


•  Not  comparable. 

'  Includes  railway  car  freight. 


184 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


The  statistics  for  New  Orleans,  Baton  Rouge,  Vicks- 
burg,  Paducah,  Helena,  and  Natchez,  as  given  in  the 
table,  are  not  comparable  for  the  two  years  on  account 
of  the  inclusion  of  car  freight  in  the  figures  for  1916. 

The  table  shows  the  total  freight  movement  for  the 
port  of  New  Orleans,  comprising  Mississippi  River 
freight;  that  of  the  ocean  and  gulf  division,  including 


freight  shipped  to  and  received  from  ports  of  the 
Pacific  via  Panama  Canal;  and  the  estimated  tonnage 
of  imports  and  exports. 

Table  26  shows  the  freight  and  harbor  work  toimage 
separately  and  combined  for  the  ports  reporting  a  total 
of  over  100,000  tons  handled  in  1916,  ranked  according 
to  total  toimage. 


Table  26.— FREIGHT  AND 


HARBOR  WORK  FOR  PORTS  REPORTING  IN 
1916  AND  1906. 


1916  A  TOTAL  OF  OVER  100,000  TONS: 


POBT  AND   CENSUS  YEAR. 


Pittshurgh,  Pa.: 

1916 

1906 

New  Orleans,  La.: 

1916 

1906 

Baton  Rouge,  La.: 

1916 

1906 

Cincinn.'iti,  Ohio: 

1916 

1900 

St. Louis,  Mo.: 

1916 

190(1 

Kansas  City,  Mo.: 

1916 

1906 


Total  (tons 

of  2.1KKJ 

pounds). 


9,207,989 
8,956,697 

3,942,3.39 
■1,144,113 

2, 128. 5=6 
57, 908 

1,737,949 
2,435,215 

1,506,213 
11,712,983 

766,562 
650,954 


Freight 
carried 

(tons  of 
2,000 

pounds). 


6, 727, 289 
6,854,575 

3,  .528, 2)9 
1,036,613 

2,086,7.86 
15, 508 

1,411,149 
2,363,215 

1.54,813 
743,981 

19,  .562 
04.5,954 


Harbor 

work. 


:,  480, 700 
:,  102, 122 

414,100 
107, 500 

41,800 
42,400 

326,800 
72,000 

,351.400 
969,002 

747,000 
5,000 


POET  AND  CENSUS  TEAR. 


Greenville,  Miss.: 

1910 

1900 

Memphis,  Tenn.: 

1916 

1900 

Charleston,  W.  Va. 

1916 

1906 

Nashx-ijle,  Term.: 

1916 

1906 

Knox^Tlle,  Tenn.: 

1916 

1906 

Cairo,  111.: 

1916 

1906 


Total  (tons 
of  2.000 
pounds). 


316,904 
178, 519 

316,147 
'857,308 

199, 081 
'111,050 

198,751 
127,318 

145,  ISO 
82,328 

109,786 
'  261, 389 


Freight 
carried 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 


61,564 
89,519 

287,047 
662,308 

74,581 
38,650 

56,251 
99,193 

9,280 
77,828 

66,886 
247, 239 


Harbor 
work. 


255,400 
89,000 

29,100 
195,000 

124,500 
72,400 

142,500 
28,125 

135,900 
4,500 

42,900 
14,600 


'  Does  not  include  freight  ferried  in  railway  cars. 


Table  27  shows,  by  commodities,  the  shipments  and 
receipts  of  freight  for  1916  for  ports  %vith  over  50,000 
tons  of  freight  movement.  The  ports  are  ranked 
according  to  total  freight  and  the  commodities  ac- 
cording to  total  tonnage,  the  tonnage  of  shipments 


and  the  tonnage  of  receipts  being  the  same  for  the 
Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries  as  a  whole. 
The  table  also  shows  for  the  jjort  of  New  Orleans 
the  data  for  all  river,  ocean,  and  gidf  domestic 
freight  by  commodities. 


Table  27.— FREIGHT  SHIPMENTS  AND  RECEIPTS,  BY  COIBIODITIES  AND  BY  PORTS,  AND  TOTAL  FREIGHT 

HANDLED,  BY  PORTS:  1916. 


Total 

freight 

movement 

(tons  of 

2.000 
pounds). 

TOTAL. 

COAL. 

STONE,  SAND,  ETC. 

LtTMBEK. 

GRAIN. 

rnON  ORE. 

rOKT. 

me^^.      R-x^^'Pt-- 

Ship, 
meuts. 

Receipts. 

Ship- 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Ship- 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Ship, 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Ship- 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Total 

27,962,583  27,962,583 

13,916.013 

13.916,013 

1.710,857 

1,710,857 

744,873 

744,873 

617,946 

617,946 

470,409 

470, 409 

6,727.289 
3,528.239 
2, 0.%,  786 
1,411,149 
778, 148 

754,552 
369.614 
342.213 
287,047 
251,549 

154,813 
135,382 
99,667 
77,657 
74,581 

66,886 
61,. 564 
60,848 
58,363 

56,251 
51,  760 
50,201 

238, igs 

1,639,975 

1,024,820 

158,410 

214,769 

325,643 
108,927 
173,112 
80,419 
56,210 

44,104 
52,838 
5,022 
32,282 
39,423 

12,910 

11,233 

36,224 

301 

16,981 

21,348 

7,  r,oo 

23,661,736 

6, 488, 893 
1,888,264 
1,061.966 
1,252,739 
563,379 

428,909 
260.687 
169, 101 
206.628 
196,339 

110,709 
82,  .544 
94,645 
45,375 
35,158 

53,976 
50,331 
24,624 
58,062 

39,270 

30,412 

42, 701 

14,778,871 

5,878 
164,145 

6,465,479 
165, 029 

75,244 
1,134,317 

21,492 

289,109 

144,010 

1 

114,927 

48,306 

54,897 
15,213 

49, 172 
62,065 

165 
11,207 

1,732 
268, 179 

80 
11,565 

94 
111,387 

1,251 

1, 500 

315 

142, 169 

13,234 

23. 1.56 
64,053 

176,571 

460 

7 

23,377 

70 
1,409 

100,000 

6,335 
1,047 

910 
4,120 

3,086 
264 

30 
5,327 

4,616 
42,785 

14,515 

757 

955 
2,462 

72 

225 

2,445 

11,417 

300 

402 
13,037 

6,3.50 
6,320 

14,310 

3,082 

2 

2,108 

8,050 

1,782 
2,334 

137 
4 

10 

Paducah.  Ky 

16 
6,020 

11 
.  1,620 

2 
60 

927 
12,000 
94,350 

7,899 
2,585 

3,175 
4,050 

527 
500 
184 

11,319 

sio 

15 
927 

1,506 
470 

184 

10 

9,710 

15 

100 

370 
544 

17,534 
550 
941 

34 
4,662 

2.285 

2,221 

103 

3.500 
2,410 

7,806 

Charleston   W   Va 

50 
1,000 

500 

Cftiro  m 

12,408 
41,800 
9,000 

1,330 

40 

250 

110 

Parkersburg,  W.  Va 

8 
58,062 

115 

6,  .539 

8,252 

123 

359,727 

60 
337 

20,335 

14,346 

22 

413,593 

110 

1,063 

42.  208 

1,492,025 

13, 455, 427, 

5,313,352 

i, 494, 758 

701,382 

565,284 

328,099 

456,665 

»New  Orleans— Total  river, 
ocean,  and  gull  (domestic).   5,  773, 555 

2,635,596 

3,137,959 

108,626 

249,399 

62,245 

7,950 

192, 175 

337,308 

158,428 

113,780 

142,294 

13,234 

MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES. 


185 


Table  27.— FREIGHT   SHIPMENTS    AND    RECEIPTS,    BY   COMMODITIES    AND    BY   PORTS,    AND    TOTAL    FREIGHT 

HANDLED,  BY  PORTS:  1916— Continued. 


no  IRON  AND 
STEEL  KAILS. 

PETROLEUM   AND 
OTHER  OILS. 

COTTON. 

CEMENT.  BRICK, 
AKD  UME. 

TECTTS  AND  VEGE- 
TABLES. 

FLOUB. 

Ship- 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Ship- 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Sliip- 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Ship, 
mcnts. 

Receipts. 

Ship- 
meats, 

.'.eccipts. 

Ship- 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Total 

255,615 

255,615 

245,930 

245,930 

180,563 

180,563 

175. 724 

175. 724 

119,297 

119,297 

99,513 

99  513 

132,226 
130 

359 

652 

140,383 

39,605 

4,247 

783 

3,093 
1,129 
91 
1,111 
1,409 

584 
502 

3,677 
30,225 

20 
3,576 

20 

160 
3,305 

316 
3,754 

140 
4,495 

67 

New  Orleans,  I^a,  *. 

7,865 

90,803 

300 

Cincinnati,  Ohio.    . 

10, 150 
1,615 

81 
5,000 

6,100 

1,336 
27 

17 
1,399 

""'3,' 152 

370 
3,230 

5,474 

9,163 
4,880 

2,106 
3,625 

13,445 
121 

693 

305 

10,650 
5,239 

157 

690 

1 

2,054 

72 

723 
921 

15,100 
12 

8,657 
3,295 

3,840 
3,767 

6,639 

2,279 

679 

2,876 
4,653 

944 
4,535 

1  100 

9 

500 

T,niii';\Hllp,  K"y 

10,000 

1,065 
1 

Helena  Ark 

11 

7 

1,012 
28,363 

7 

766 
46 

382 
1,131 

1,990 
1,167 

1,505 
1,950 

1,223 

392 

525 

58 
1,516 

4.30 

3  162 

130 

732 

755 
7,560 

81 

20 

390 

Natchez  Miss 

417 
1,398 

167 
362 
220 

5,445 

8,024 

117 
10,959 

312 

520 

1,661 

21 

1,071 
7,245 

75 
3,243 

815 

3 

103 

800 
2,404 

197 

1,035 
7,175 

581 
2,129 
7,722 

2  787 

Charleston,  W  Va  . 

25 

120 

2,042 
277 

1,274 

254 

1,000 

59 

2,695 
789 

Cairo,  111 

1,000 

560 

600 

565 

182 

1,066 

104 

Moline  111 

96 
4 

33 

204 

1,160 
7,274 

5,454 

6 
149,009 

32 
82,969 

All  othtr  ports. .                   

105,813 

239,906 

49,677 

204,423 

163,063 

36,541 

123,836 

91,053 

37,590 

85,433 

*Ne-.v    Orleans — Total    river,    ocean,    and 

■5,708 

648 

210,929 

175,672 

37,9S6 

91,266 

9,765 

9,092 

19,979 

205,777 

75,868 

318 

TOBACCO. 

CANNEI 

GOODS. 

PHOSPH. 
FERTL 

ITE  AND 
UZER. 

NAVAL  STORES. 

ICE. 

mSCELL.VNEOUS 
MERCHANDISE. 

Sllip- 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Ship- 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Ship- 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Ship- 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Ship, 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Ship- 
ments. 

Receipts. 

Total        

75.393 

75, 393 

72, 820 

72,820 

68, 458 

68,458 

18.515 

18,515 

14.302 

14.302 

9.176.355 

9.176.355 

pUfchnreh  Pa 

25 
21 

16 
164 

356 
11,966 

106 
949 

45 
2,540 

30 

15 
50 

49. 46 1 

1,073,798 

985,215 

65,954 
113,348 

29,824 
79,227 
168,088 
26.085 
45  869 

38,836 
18,141 

4,522 
20,002 

4,922 

5,5,88 

2,7S2 

12,258 

16.997 

695 

1,202,989 

985,222 

9,800 
53 

1,511 

2,712 

1 

18 

51 

24 

4,644 

10,4.i0 
300 

9,336 
11,902 

9,470 
2,847 

2,785 
2.600 
1,694 
6, 9.57 
485 

651 

2,830 

2,720 
173 

1,000 

2,380 

1 

264 

120 

76 

3,700 

5,350 
7,979 

1,307 
6,810 

1,610 
13 

25 
150 

270 
1,585 

580 
50 
90 
1,017 
110 

i65 

55,  745 

413 

488,887 
87.257 

&12 

75,480 

168,084 

2 
515 

38 

3,740 

400 
210 

405 

80 

311 
25 

603 

2,000 

6 

49.941 

131,945 
47,175 

St  "Louis  Mo 

324 

239 

28, 6;  1 

295 

1 
4,356 

201 
1,266 

1,500 

2,056 
1,198 

1,940 

290 

2,581 

575 
1,896 

868 
500 
108 

100 
790 

86 

500 
210 

25 

585 

1,230 

15 

17.799 

1,130 
135 

1,000 

17,827 

Cairo   lU                                         

11,208 

1 

18 

500 
8 

4,821 

8,515 

10 

25 

3 

5 

4,488 

Mohnfl  111 

1,320 

1 

20 
2,408 

3,306 
157 

11,025 

3,923 

6,500 

6,410,984 

10,872 

1,186 

1,000 
6,016 

310 

Ail  other  ports        .             

52, 157 

26, 129 

i9,686 

57,384 

38,883 

62,501 

18,028 

is,  510 

11,548 

5,769,156 

♦New  Orleans— Total  river,  ocean,  and  gulf 

950 

246 

18,348 

21,984 

14,869 

16,642 

3,471 

135 

2,061 

1,505,894 

1,894,408 

The  bulk  of  the  freight  reported  under  ''  stone,  sand, 
etc.,"  was  sand  dredged  in  the  neighborhood  of  the 
ports  of  receipt.  Sand  dredged  within  the  confines 
of  a  port  is  classed  as  harbor  work  or  lighterage  and  is 
not  here  included. 

Table  28  presents  the  statistics  for  harbor  work  or 
lighterageby  river  systems  for  1916  and  1906,  and  for 


the  principal  rivers  and  ports  for  1916.  The  tonnage 
is  shown  for  coal,  and  for  sand,  gravel,  stone,  etc., 
separately  and  for  all  other  merchandise  combined. 

Sand,  gravel,  stone,  etc. — cliiefly  sand  and  gravel — 
constituted  88. 3  per  cent  of  the  total  harbor-work 
tonnage  in  1916,  and  90.5  per  cent  in  1906,  and  coal 
4.5  per  cent  in  1916  and  4.6  per  cent  in  1906. 


186 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  AVATER. 


Table  28. — Harbor  Work,  by  River  Systems,  1916  and  190G: 
KivERS  AND  Ports,  191S. 

(Tons  of  2.000  pounds.] 


EHEB  SYSTEM,  RIVER,  AXD  PORT. 

Total. 

Coal. 

Sand,  stone, 
gravel,  etc. 

Miscel- 
laneoiis 
mer- 
chan- 
dise. 

Aggreeate: 

1916      ...           

12, 206, 800 
5,190,300 

546,600 
238, 3(X) 

10,775,800 
4,698,200 

884,400 

1906 

253,800 

Ohiosvstem: 

1916      ..                

7,380,900 
2,354,100 

1,658,000 

482, 100 

3,167,900 
2,354,100 

94,800 

6,474,700 
2,354,100 

1,6.52,  .500 
478,000 

2,648,600 
1,866,100 

811,400 

190<' 

Upper  Mississippi  system: 
191ii 

4,800 
3,200 

447,000 
235,100 

700 

1906     

900 

Lower  Mississippi  system: 

1916 

72,300 

1906 

252,900 

Rivers.  1916: 

Ohio    

5,684,800 

2,»»6,800 

472,400 

2,374,400 

1,047,1.00 

267,000 

178,300 

145, 700 

138,000 

124,. 500 

1,774,100 

2,480,700 
1,351,400 

747,000 
527,  .500 
414,100 
32li,XOO 
255,4110 
232,  500 
210, 000 
18.5,700 
180,000 
1.58, 2IX) 
142,  .500 
135,900 
133,000 
131,200 
130,700 
124,600 
123,100 
4,216,600 

79,800 

447,6(10 

6(K) 

447,  OCX) 

4, 798,  .500 

2,330,500 

471,l\00 

1,8.58,900 

1,047,100 

267,000 

171,200 

145,000 

133,800 

121,500 

1,758,200 

2,4.56,500 
1,3.51,400 
746,500 
527,  .500 
17,800 
311,800 
255,400 
232,  ,500 
210,000 
185,200 
180,000 
158,200 
142,  .500 
135,900 

806,  .500 

68,700 

200 

68,500 

Mbsourl  and  Osaee . . 

500 

4,100 

400 

4,200 

3,000 

Wabash     

300 

10,500 
24,200 

5,400 

Ports.  iSlti: 

St   Loiiis  Mo 

500 

337.8(10 
15,000 

58,  .500 

Wheeling.  W.  Va 

100 

400 

ICnoxville  Tenn 

1 

133,000 

131,200 
130,700 
124.500 
123,100 
3,355,100 

Pporia  111 

Steubenville,  Ohio 

All  other  ports,  and  landings. . . 

169,500 

692,000 

PASSEXGEE.S. 

Table  29  gives  the  passenger  statistics  for  1916, 
1906,  18S9,  and  1880,  distributed  by  river  systems. 
It  shows  the  number  carried  by  ferryboats  and  by 
all  other  vessels,  and  gives  the  per  cent  of  increase  for 
the  several  classes  of  passengers  for  the  intervening 
periods. 


Of  the  17,599,378  passengers  reported  in  1916,  79.4 
per  cent  were  carried  by  ferryboats.  On  the  Lower 
Mississippi  system  only  a  little  over  15  per  cent  of 
the  passenger  movement  was  on  vessels  other  than 
ferryboats.  The  period  of  greatest  increase  in  the 
number  of  passengers  carried  by  ferryboats  was 
between  1880  and  1889,  when  the  increase  was  63 
per  cent,  as  compared  with  18.3  per  cent  between 
1889  and  1906  and  23.6  per  cent  between  1906  and 
1916.  The  largest  passenger  traffic  was  on  the  Lower 
Mississippi  sj'stem,  with  43.6  per  cent  of  the  total,  as 
against  39.6  per  cent  on  the  Ohio  system  and  16.8 
per  cent  on  the  Upper  Mississippi  system. 

Table  30  gives  the  passenger  statistics  in  detail  for 
1916  by  class  of  vessels,  by  river  systems,  and  by 
character  of  passengers,  regular  or  excursion. 

The  passengers  are  credited  to  the  river  on  which 
the  chief  port  or  home  port  of  the  vessel  is  located, 
and  it  therefore  follows  that  in  the  case  of  boats 
plpng  on  more  than  one  river,  the  river  on  which  the 
home  port  is  located  has  received  credit  for  all  pas- 
sengers, even  though  there  were  local  passengers  be- 
tween landings  on  another  river. 

The  total  number  of  passengers  in  1916,  17,599,378, 
is  3,477,137,  or  24.6  per  cent  greater  than  in  1906, 
The  table  shows  that  12,390,740,  or  70.4  per  cent 
of  the  total  number  of  passengers,  were  carried  by 
ferryboats,  a  distinctly  local  movement.  Of  the 
other  classes  of  vessels  engaged  in  passenger  traffic, 
freight  and  passenger  vessels  carried  23.2  per  cent, 
barges  5.7  per  cent,  and  towing  vessels  seven-tenths 
of  1  per  cent.  Of  the  total  number,  15,627,136,  or 
88.8  per  cent,  were  regular  and  1,972,242  were  excur- 
sion passengers.  The  bulk  of  the  passenger  traffic 
on  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries  was  on 
the  Mississippi  and  Ohio  Rivers.  The  former  river 
handled  56.1  per  cent  of  all  passenger  traffic,  the  latter 
river  32.6  per  cent,  leaving  only  11.3  per  cent  for  all 
the  other  rivers  of  this  cUvision. 


Table  29.— NUMBER  OF  PASSENGERS.  BY  RIVER  SYSTEMS,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE  AND  PER  CENT  OF 

TOTAL:  1916.  1906,  1889,  AND  1880. 


1916 

1906 

1889 

1880 

PER  CENT  or  INCEE.VSE.l 

PER  CENT  or  TOTAL. 

EI\'ER  SVSTFM   AXD  CLASS. 

i9oe- 

1916 

1889- 
1906 

18,80- 
1889 

1916 

1906 

1889 

1880 

Total 

17.  .599, 378 

14,122,241 

10,858,894 

6,728.067 

24.6 

30.1 

61.4 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

12,  .390,  740 

5,208.638 

10,022.612 
4,099,629 

8,474,646 
2, 384. 248 

5,199.984 
1,. 528, 083 

23.6 
27.1 

18.3 
71.9 

63.0 
56.0 

70.4 
29.6 

71.0 
29.0 

78.0 
22.0 

77.3 

22.7 

6,967,63.5 
4,365,151 
2,602,484 

2, 9.59,  .825 
1,547.144 
1,412,681 

7,671,918 
6, 478, 445 
1,193,473 

4,776,088 
2,951,908 
1,824,180 

2,333,084 

890.836 

1,442,248 

7.013,069 

6,179,868 

833,201 

6,. 503. 143 
4,9%,.M9 
1,506,594 

1,821,734 

1,482.984 

33S,750 

2.  .'■54. 01 7 

1,995,113 

53«,904 

3,961,798 

3, 000, 862 

960,936 

1,380,912 

1,026.182 

354,  730 

1,, 38.5, 3.57 

1,172. WO 

212,417 

4.5.9 
47.9 

42.7 

26.9 
73.7 
-2.1 

9.4 
48 
43.2 

-26.6 

-40.9 

21.1 

28.1 
-39.9 
325.8 

176.8 
209.3 
51.6 

64  1 
66.5 
56.8 

31.9 
44.5 
-1.5 

82.9 

70.1 

153.7 

100.0 
62.6 
37.4 

100.0 
52.3 
47.7 

100.0 
S4.4 
15.6 

100.0 
61.8 
38.2 

100.0 
3.8.2 
61.8 

100.0 
88.1 

n.9 

100.0 
76.8 
23.2 

100.0 
81.4 
1-.6 

100.0 
78.7 
21.3 

100.0 

75.7 

24.3 

100.0 

74.3 

25.7 

100.0 

84.7 

15.3 

>  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


MISSISSIPPI  RI\rER  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES.  187 

Table  30.— NUMBER  OF   PASSENGERS,   BY  CLASS  OF  \'ESSELS   AND   BY  RIVER  SYSTEMS  AND   RI^^RS:  1916. 


Aggre- 
gate. 

rEEIGHT^XP^P^VSSENGEr.                                  yEKBTUOATS. 

TUGS  AXD  OTHEE  TOWISO 
VESSELS. 

BARGES. 

Total. 

Regular. 

sion.           Total. 

Regular. 

Excur- 
sion. 

Total. 

Regular. 

Excur- 
sion. 

Total. 

Regular. 

Excur- 
sion. 

Aggregate 

17,599,-378 

'4,085,821 

2,278,769 

"1,807,052    12,-390,740 

12,381,404 

9,336 

119,870 

60,075 

59,795    1,002,947 

906,888 

96,089 

System: 

Lower  Mississippi  system 

7,671,918 
6,967,635 
2,959,825 

1,113,636 
1,  733,  708 
1,  238, 477 

798,844 

1,093,658 

386,267 

314,792 
640,0-50 
852,210 

6,478,445 
4, 365, 151 
1,547.144 

6,478,445 
4,362,475 
1,540,484 

"2,"  676" 
6,660 

21,460 
68,516 

29,894 

19,710 

35,671 

4,694 

1,750 
32,845 
25,200 

58,377 
800,260 
144,310 

55,887 

792,341 

58,660 

2,490 

7,919 

Upper  Mississippi  system 

85,650 

Hiver: 

Mississippi 

9,865,237 
2,294,SS4 
7,570,353 
5,731,660 
354,586 

347,339 

277,205 
247,456 
240, 175 
135,313 

63,149 
58,000 
66,000 
4.8,090 
47,531 

27,030 
20,930 
18,000 
15,000 
14,219 

8,052 
6,800 
5,280 
3,S25 
3,200 

2,627 
2,B74 
1,097 
202 
1,375 

2,a31,134 

9o:S,  712 
1,077,422 
1,555,724 

l,073,a58 
307,8^5 
765,163 
967,701 

958,076 
645,817 
312,2-59 
588,023 

7,650,984 
1,204,.S49 
6,446,135 
4,070,912 

7,650,984 
1,2I>4,849 
6, 446, 135 
4,068,238 

"2,"  676" 

48,208 
27,668 
20,540 
S3, 165 

22,403 
3,118 
19,290 
20,400 

25,800 

24,-550 

1,250 

32,765 

134,911 
108,655 
26,256 
51,859 
354,586 

35,630 

1.54,501 
54,000 

49,786 
23,530 
26,256 
47,259 
354,586 

35,130 

154,-501 
54,000 

85,125 

85,125 

Ohio                ...             

4,ti00 

Missouri,     Gasconade,     and 
Osage                           

70,034 

49,472 
51,106 
197,  (j75 
11,922 

23,306 

25,228 

36, 307 

27,637 

38,0t» 

7,410 

22,181 

44,806 

13,165 

23,469 

1-59,607 

4,512 

1,125 

240,449 

5.8,729 
141,810 
41,500 
51,700 

239,289 

58,729 

141,810 

36,000 

51,700 

1,160 
'"5,'.5(J6' 

1,226 

14,503 

540 

1,000 

576 

14,503 

540 

1,000 

650 

500 

Tennessee,  French  Broad,  and 

Tllinoiq 

71,691 
39,660 

71,691 
39,660 

183 

103 

80 

58,000 

58,000 

1 

66, 000 
3,300 
14,521 

12,500 
200 

56,000 

500 

12,531 

12,000 

Wabash . ". 

2,790 
700 

13,910 

20,605 

18,000 

15,0<XI 

700 

6,1.56 
6,800 
180 
2,  RSI 
3,200 

2,327 

2,199 

1,097 

202 

900 

2,015 
700 

12.4-54 

20,405 

18,000 

9,000 

775 

42,000 
32,310 

42,000 
32,310 

2,800 

1,990 

White 

1,456 
200 

620 
125 

120 
125 

500 

500 

200 

6,000 
700 

280 
800 

13,519 

13,519 

5.876 

6,000 

ISO 

800 

3,200 

1,2-50 

1,299 

1,097 

202 

1,896 

1,896 



S,10O 
»44 

5,100 
625 

2,081 

319 

1,077 
900 

300 

300 

450 

450 

25 

25 

Lower  Mtssissippisystem.. 

Upper'Mississippisystem.. 

900  1              450 

450 

25 

25 

i 

'  Includes  970  excursion  passengers  carried  on  yacht3.  Upper  Mississippi  system  200,  Ohio  system  770- 


In  addition  to  the  regular  ferryboat  traffic  there  was 
a  large  number  of  small-tonnage  unrigged  craft,  some 
of  which  carried  excursion  passengers  to  and  from 
various  resorts  on  the  rivers,  while  others  transferred 
farmers  and  laborers  from  shore  to  shore.  The  boats 
carrying  excursionists  were  usually  propelled  by 
small  motor  boats  of  less  than  5  tons,  while  the  boats 
going  across  stream  only  were  as  a  general  rule  hauled 
backward  and  forward  by  means  of  M'ire  or  rope 
cable  stretched  from  shore  to  shore.  This  latter 
class  of  boats  carried  1,002,947  passengers  in  1916. 
The  transferring  of  passengers  across  stream  in  small 
unrigged  craft  was  the  only  kind  of  passenger  traffic 
in  boats  of  5  tons  net  register  on  the  Monongahela 
River  in  1916.  This  kind  of  service  was  also  quite 
extensive  on  the  Termessee  and  some  of  the  other 
smaller  rivers.  Most  of  the  passengers  were  of  the 
class  designated  as  regular  passengers,  farmers,  labor- 
ers employed  in  coal  mines,  and  workmen  in  maniif  ac- 
turing  establishments  located  at  points  on  the  rivers. 
A  little  over  96,000  were  excursion  passengers,  of 
which  85,125  were  on  the  upper  Mississippi  River. 

FERRYBOATS. 

Statistics  for  the  ferries  for  the  years  1916,  1906, 
and  1889  are  presented  in  Table  31. 


Table  31. — Febbyboats,  with  Per  Cent  op  I.vcbease:   1916, 
190C,  AXD  18«9. 


Number  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnape 

Value  of  vessels 

Gross  income 

From  passeniiers 

From  all  other  sources 

Number  employed  on  vessels.  - . 

Wage,'; 

Number  of  passengers 


1916 


213 

11,263 

$1,014,9.tO 

$1,060,470 

$631, 113 

$429,357 

572 

$346,116 

i 12, 390, 740 


1906  < 


166 

22, ISO 

$1,776,360 

$1,553,121 

$49<, 747 

$1,054,374 

699 

$413, 5.y 

•10,022,612 


1889 

PEE  CENT 

OF 
DJCKEASE." 

1906- 
1916 

1889- 
1906 

163 

IS  593 

$1,056,250 

$1,196,817 

2f!.3 
-49.2 
-42.9 
-31-7 

26-5 
-59-3 
-1S.2 
-16.3 

23.6 

1.8 
19.3 
6<.2 
29.8 

893 
$4.56,676 
8,474,646 

-21.7 
-9.4 
IS.  3 

1  Includes  14  railway  transfers  of  8,127  gross  tonnage  which  were  treated  in  1916 
as  freight  and  passenger  vessels. 
'  A  minus  sign  ( — )  denotes  decrease. 

•  Includes  407,218  passengers  carried  on  railway  ferry  steamers. 
<  Includes  350,232  passengers  carried  on  railway  ferry  steamers. 

WhUe  the  number  of  passengers  reported  in  1916 
is  an  increase  of  2,368,128,  or  23.6  per  cent  over  1906, 
and  of  3,916,094,  or  4G.2  per  cent  over  1S89,  the 
percentage  they  constitute  of  all  passengers  for  all 
vessels  reported  was  slightly  less  in  1916  than  in  1906 
and  1889,  viz,  70.4  per  cent  in  1916,  as  compared  with 
71  per  cent  in  1906  and  78  per  cent  in  1SS9.  The 
income  from  "all  other  sources"  is  for  the  ferrying 
of  wagons,  teams,  and  live  stock.  This  item  which 
was  largely  in  excess  of  passenger  income  in  1906 
formed  but  40.5  per  cent  of  the  total  in  1916.  The 
distribution  of  the  ferries  by  river  systems  is  given 
in  Table  32. 


188 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  32. — Ferryboats,   by  River  Systems:  1916  and  1906. 


RlVrn  SYSTEM  -VND  CENSUS  YEAR. 

Number 
ot 

vessels. 

Gross 
toiinago. 

Number  of 

passengers 

carried. 

Tot;il: 
iqlf, 

213 

106 

11,263 
22,  IHO 

1  12.390,740 
3  10,022,612 

1900^ 

Ohio: 

1916 

102 
63 

70 
51 

41 
52 

3,188 
5,276 

2,120 
2,408 

5,9.15 
14,496 

4,365,151 

1906 

2,951,908 

Upper  Mis.sissippi: 

191(; ..     . 

1,547,144 

1906 

890,830 

Lower  Mississippi: 
1916 

6,478,445 

lUOG 

6,179,808 

PER  CENT  OF 

TOTAL. 

Total: 

1916 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

1906 

100.0 

Ohio: 

1916 

47.9 
38.0 

32.9 
30.7 

19.2 
31.3 

28.3 
23.8 

18.8 
10.9 

52.9 
65.4 

35.2 

1900 

29.5 

Upper  Mississippi: 

1910 

12.5 

1900 

8.9 

Lower  Mississippi: 
1910 

52.3 

61.7 

1  Inelndcs  407,218  pas.sengers  carried  on  railway  ferry  steamers. 
3  Iin  iudes  14  railway  transfers  of  8,127  tons  wliieli  were  treated  in  1916  as  frciglit 
and  pissengrr  ve^^eN. 
3  Includes  ;io0,282  passengers  carried  on  railway  ferry  steamers. 

The  ferry  passengers  of  the  Upper  Mississippi  sys- 
tem numbered  298,449  for  the  Missouri  River  and  its 
branches  in  1916  and  1,248,695  for  the  Mississippi 
River  and  all  other  branches.  This  was  an  increase 
over  1906  of  81,610,  or  37.6  per  cent,  for  the  former 
river  and  of  574,698,  or  85.3  per  cent,  for  the 
latter.  The  4,365,151  ferry  passengers  of  the  Ohio 
system  were  distributed  by  rivers  as  follows: 
Ohio,  4,070,912;  Cumberland,  141,810;  Tennessee, 
58,729;  Kanawha,  51,700;  and  Wabash,  42,000.  The 
ferry  passenger  traffic  on  the  rivers  of  the  Ohio 
system  shows  an  increase  over  1006  for  the  Ohio 
of  46.3  per  cent  and  the  Cumberland  of  476.5  per 


cent,  while  a  decrease  is  shown  for  the  Tennessee  of 
25.4  per  cent  and  the  Wabash  of  35.6  per  cent. 
The  Kanawha  was  first  sho^vn  separately  in  1916. 
The  ferry  passengers  of  the  Lower  Mississippi  system 
numbered  6,446,135  for  the  Mississippi  River  itself 
and  32,310  for  the  Arkansas  in  1916.  This  is 
an  increase  for  the  Mississippi  River  of  323,962, 
or  5.3  per  cent,  and  a  decrease  for  the  Arkansas  of 
22,020,  or  40.5  per  cent.  Other  minor  tributaries 
which  reported  3,365  feriy  passengers  in  1906  show  no 
passenger  trafTic  in  1916. 

The  table  shows  that  in  1906  there  were  operated 
on  the  lower  Mississippi  52  ferryboats  with  an 
aggregate  gross  tonnage  of  14,496,  and  in  1916,  41 
ferryboats  with  5,955  gross  tonnage,  a  decrease 
during  the  ten-year  period  1900-1916  of  11  boats 
and  8,541  tons.  Among  the  reasons  for  this  decline 
was  the  operation  of  boats  of  less  average  tonnage 
capacity  in  1916  than  in  1906  and  the  retirement  of 
several  boats  of  large  tonnage.  For  instance,  one 
company  at  St.  Louis,  which  opei'ated  nine  boats  in 
1906  with  a  gross  tonnage  of  3,077,  reported  only 
three  boats  in  1916  of  1,502  gross  tonnage. 

The  princij)al  ferry  pomts  and  the  only  centers  or 
districts  for  which  detailed  statistics  can  be  given 
without  disclosing  individual  operations  are  New 
Orleans  and  St.  Louis,  the  statistics  for  which  are 
presented  in   Table   33. 

This  table  shows  a  great  reduction  m  passenger 
ferry  traffic  at  St.  Louis,  caused,  in  large  part,  by  the 
advent  of  bridges  for  passenger  traffic  at  that  point. 
The  number  of  passengers  carried  by  ferries  at  St. 
Louis  decreased  1,260,143  since  1906.  At  New  Or- 
leans, where  this  condition  does  not  exist,  the  ferry 
passenger  traffic  shows  an  increase  since  1906  of 
1,946,830,  or  55.2  per  cent. 


Table  33.— FERRYBOATS,  BY  DISTRICTS,  WITH  PER  CENT  IN  EACH  DISTRICT:  1916  AND  1906. 


Census 
year. 

Number 
ofvessels. 

Gross 
toimage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

GROSS  INCOME. 

Number 
employed 
on  vessels. 

Wages. 

Number  of 

mSTKJCT. 

Total. 

Passengers. 

All  other 
sources. 

passentiers 
carried. 

Total.. 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

213 
Mii6 

11,263 
22. 180 

81,014,9.50 
1,776,360 

SI,  060, 470 
1,5.53,121 

$6^1,113 
49H.747 

$429,357 
1,0.54,374 

572 
699 

$346,116 
413,5.53 

1 12,390,740 
3  10,022,613 

9 
11 

5 
•10 

199 
145 

2,768 
1,598 

2,103 
4,061 

6,302 
16,621 

164,710 
214,000 

201,440 
241,047 

64.8,  SOO 
1,321,313 

300,990 
154,415 

55,604 
631,434 

703, 876 
767,272 

197,  094 
49,730 

17,6.57 
79,504 

416,362 
369, 513 

103,  .S96 
104,685 

37,947 
551,930 

287,514 
397,759 

96 
65 

32 
72 

444 

562 

78,6.56 
25,467 

19,421 
65,675 

248, 039 
322,411 

5,471,300 

St.  Louis 

3,524,470 
372,970 

Allother 

1,633,113 
6,  .546, 470 

4,865,029 

PER  CEl 

JT  OF  TOTAL 

Total 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

ion.  0 
100.0 

lOO.O 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

lOO.O 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

Nfiw  Orinans  , . 

4.2 
6.6 

2.3 
6.0 

93.4 
87.3 

24.6 
7.2 

18.7 
IS.  3 

66.8 
74.5 

16.2 
12.0 

19.8 
13.6 

63.9 
74.4 

28.4 
9.9 

5.2 
40.7 

66.4 
49.4 

31.2 
10.0 

2.8 
15.9 

66.0 
71.1 

24.2 
9.9 

8.8 
62.3 

67.0 
37.7 

16.8 
9.3 

5.6 
10.3 

77.6 

80.4 

22.7 
6.2 

5.6 
15.9 

71.7 

78.0 

44.2 

St.  Louis 

35.2 
3.0 

Allother 

16.3 
62.8 

48.5 

>  Includ 


Iudes  407,218  passengers  carried  m  railway  ferr; 
Iiitlos  14  railway  transfers  of  8,127  tons  wliich  w 


'Inclu'ies  11  railway  iransiers 
as  freight  and  passenger  vessels . 


>rry  steamers, 
'liicli  were  treated  in  191C 


3  Includes  350,282  passengers  carried  on  railway  ferry  steamers. 
*  Itic'iides  2  railway  transfers  of  1,223  tons  which  were  treated  in  1916 
as  freight  and  passenger  vessels. 


MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES. 


189 


Municipal  ferries.- — Five  counties  i:i  Tennessee 
own  eight  gasoline  motor-propelled  ferries  of  133 
gross  tonnage  with  a  value  of  $11,900.  They  trans- 
ferred across  the  river  at  various  points  97,310 
passengers  in  1916.  They  are  operated  by  the  coun- 
ties as  free  municipal  or  quasi-municipal  ferries,  no 
charge  for  the  service  being  made.  These  ferries 
take  the  place  of  bridges,  as  it  was  found  that  it  was 
much  cheaper  to  own  and  operate  free  ferries  than  it 
was  to  build  and  maintain  bridges. 

Table  34.— YAHHTS— NUMBER,  GROSS  TONNAGE,  AND  VALUE.  BY  CHARACTER  OF  POWER  AND  RIVER  SYSTEMS: 

1916  AND  1906. 


YACHTS. 

The  yachts  of  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tribu- 
taries, of  the  tonnage  included  ia  the  census,  are  all 
power  boats.  Tables  34  and  35  give  the  number,  ton-  . 
nage,  and  value  of  the  yachts  in  service  during  the 
years  1906  and  1916,  the  former  table  showing  the 
distribution  according  to  character  of  pov>'er  and  the 
latter  the  distribution  according  to  means  of  propul- 
sion. 


Census 

year. 

TOTAL. 

STEAM. 

MOTOB. 

RIVER  sy.STEM. 

Number 
of  vessels. 

Gros=;. 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Number 
of  vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Number 
of  vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Total                                                  

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

325 
222 

6,429 
3,255 

$1,206,153 
563,400 

12 
34 

1.941 
1,425 

$.369,500 
278,275 

313 

188 

4,488 
1.830 

$836,653 

285,125 

Ohio                                       

90 
66 

78 
130 

157 
36 

1,205 
644 

2,446 
1,946 

2,778 
665 

178,428 
136,700 

405,975 
296,100 

621,750 
130,600 

3 
9 

5 
18 

4 

7 

206 
152 

1,520 
1,050 

215 
223 

53,000 
69,050 

235,000 
156,575 

81,. 500 
52,650 

87 
47- 

73 
112 

153 
29 

999 
492 

926 

896 

2,563 
442 

125,428 

67,650 
170,975 

139,525 
540,250 

77,950 

PER  CENT 

OF  TOTAl 

Total                             .             

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1915 
1906 

1916 
1906 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

Ohio                             

27.7 
25.2 

24.0 
58.6 

48.3 
16.2 

18.7 
19.8 

38.1 
59.8 

43.2 
20.4 

14.8 
21.3 

33.7 
52.6 

51.5 
23.2 

25.0 
26.5 

41.7 
52.9 

33.3 
20.6 

10.6 
10.7 

7S.3 
73.7 

11.1 
15.6 

14.3 
24.8 

63.6 
56.3 

22.1 
18.9 

27.8 
25.0 

23.3 
59.6 

48.9 
15.4 

22.3 
26.9 

20.6 
49.0 

57.1 
24.2 

15  0 

23.7 

48.9 

27.3 

Table  35.— YACHTS— NmiBER,    GROSS   TONNAGE,    AND   VALUE,    BY 

SYSTEMS:  1916  AND  1906. 


CHARACTER  OF   PROPULSION  AND   RR-ER 


Census 
year. 

TOTAL. 

STERN  WHEEL. 

sroE  WHEEL. 

SCREW. 

RIVER  SYSTEM. 

Number 
ofvessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Number 
ofvessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Number 
ofvessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 

vessels. 

Number 
ofvessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Total.             

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

325 
222 

6,429 
3,2,55 

$1,206,1.53 
563,400 

53 
70 

1,3.83 
1,774 

$138,858 
210,400 

6 
6 

62 
96 

$2,600 
10,550 

267 
146 

4,984 
1,385 

$1,064,695 
312,  150 

Ohio 

90 
66 

78 
130 

157 
36 

1,205 
644 

2,446 
1,946 

2,778 
665 

178,428 
136,  700 

405,975 
296,100 

621.750 
130,600 

27 
24 

10 
32 

15 
14 

390 
264 

786 
1,091 

207 
429 

33,3.58 
26,650 

91,700 
149,400 

13,800 
64,350 

4 

1 

1 
3 

1 
2 

42 
12 

65 

13 
19 

2,300 
1,000 

150 
8,800 

1.50 
750 

59 
31 

67 
95 

141 
20 

773 
378 

1,653 
790 

2,558 
217 

142,  770 

109,050 

314,125 

137,900 

607  SOO 

Lower  Mississippi. . 

65,500 

Motor  boats  constituted  96.3  per  cent  of  the  total 
number  of  yachts  propelled  by  machinery  and  69.S  per 
cent  of  the  tonnage  in  1916,  as  compared  with  84.7 
per  cent  and  56.2  per  cent,  respectively,  in  1906.  At 
both  census  periods  the  value  of  the  motor  boats  was  a 
little  over  one-half  of  the  value  of  all  pleasure  craft. 
Screw-propelled  boats  formed  82.2  per  cent  of  the 
nmnber  of  these  motor  boats,  77.5  per  cent  of  the 
tonnage,  and  88. 3  per  cent  of  the  value  in  1916,  as 
against  65.8  per  cent,  42.5  per  cent,  and  55.5  per  cent, 
respectively,  m  1906. 


WORK   BOATS. 

A  large  number  of  work  boats  other  than  freight 
carriers  are  included  among  the  unrigged  craft.  They 
comprise  dredges,  sand-pump  boats,  derrick  barges, 
pile  drivers,  and  other  work  craft  not  equipped  with 
propelling  power.  The  statistics  pertaining  to  boats  of 
this  character,  so  far  as  they  can  be  segregated,  are 
shown  for  1916  and  1906  in  Tables  36  and  37.  In  some 
cases  dredges,  derrick  barges,  and  like  boats  have  been 
reported  in  connection  with  freight-carrving  barges, 
and  in  such  cases,  when  possible,  the  details  for  the 


190 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


work  boats  have  been  segregated  bj'  apportionment. 
Table  36  shows  the  statistics  for  derricks,  elevator, 


diving,  and  pile-driving  barges,  and  Table  37  shows 
the  statistics  for  dredges  and  sand-pump  boats. 


T^BLE    36.— WORK   BOATS— DERRICKS,    ELEVATOR.    DIVING.   AND    PILE-DRIVING   BOATS,  BY   RIVER    SYSTEMS: 

1916  AND  1906. 


KIVEB  SVSTIIM. 


Total 

Per  cent  of  Increase. 
Ohio 

Per  cent  of  increase . . . 
Upper  Mississippi 

Per  cent  of  increase  '.. 
Lower  Mississippi 

Per  cent  of  increase . . . 


Census 
year. 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


NumbiT. 


153 

43 

255.8 


95 

15 

533.3 

13 

11 

18.2 

45 

17 

164.7 


Gross 
Tonnage. 


17, 818 
3,915 
355.1 


12,049 
1,140 
956.9 

922 

462 
99.6 

4,847 
2,313 
109.6 


$816,672 

164,650 

396.0 


382,705 
50.400 
659.3 

44,100 

22,0.i0 

100.0 

389. S67 

92.200 

322.8 


Gross 
income. 


Number 
employed 
on  vessels. 


$478,992 

172.212 

178.1 


2.'i7, 403 

40,820 

530.6 

2S.918 
37.805 
-23.  5 

192,671 

93.587 
105.9 


481 

169 

184.6 


235 

47 

400.0 

,53 

30 

76.7 

193 

92 

109.8 


Wages. 


$324,269 
75, 136 
329.9 


178,540 
2.1,251 
667.9 

13,513 

12,  .5.53 

7.6 

132,216 

39,032 

233.6 


A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 
Table  37.— WORK  BOATS— DREDGES  AND  SAND-PUMP  BOATS,  BY  RIVER  SYSTEMS:  1916  AND  1906. 


KIVEE  SYSTEM. 


Census 
year. 


Number. 


Gross 
tonnage. 


Value. 


Gross 
income. 


Number 
employed 
on  vessels. 


Wages. 


Total 

Per  cent  of  increase. 


1916 
1906 


226 

87 

159.8 


28,388 
9,239 
207.3 


$2,173,412 

752,918 

188.7 


$4,007,730 

742,218 

440.0 


1,836 

484 

279.3 


$1,222,135 

295,511 

313.9 


Ohio 

Per  cent  of  increase . 
Upper  Mississippi 

Per  cent  of  increase. 
Lower  Mississippi 

Percent  of  increase. 


1916 


1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 


120 

40 

200.0 

64 

32 

100.0 

42 
15 

180.0 


15, 953 
4,.';27 
252.4 

5,353 

2,6,S8 

99.1 

7,082 
2.024 
249.9 


1,104,662 

382,768 

188.6 

543, 422 

226,850 

139.6 

525,328 

143,300 

266.6 


2,349,249 

322,413 

628.6 

9.53, 427 

281,920 

238.2 

705,  C-H 

137, 885 

411.3 


1,067 

168 

535.1 

466 

222 

109.9 

303 

94 

222.3 


710,745 

123,890 

473.7 

285,710 

122,171 

133.9 

225,680 
49,450 
356.4 


EAILWAY    SHIPPING. 

Freight  and  passenger  cars  were  ferried  at  16  points 
on  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries  in  1916 
and  at  14  points  in  1906.  The  transfer  points  in 
1916  were  as  follows: 

On  the  Ohio  River:  Between  Ashland,  Ky.,  and  Coal  Grove, 
Ohio;  Ashland,  Ky.,  and  Ironton,  Ohio;  Paducah,  Ky.,  and 
Brockport,  111.;  and  Sleeth,  Ky.,  and  Metropolis,  111. 

On  the  Tennessee  River:  Between  Gunters  Landing  and  Hobbs 


Island,  Ala.,  and   the  Chamberlain  and  Caney  Creek  Inclines  of 
the  Roane  Iron  Co.,  Tenn. 

On  the  Mississippi  River:  Near  St.  Louis,  between  West  Ivory, 
Mo.,  and  East  Ivory,  111.;  between  Little  Rock,  Mo.,  and  Kelloggs 
Landing,  111.;  Cairo,  111.,  and  Birds  Point,  Mo.;  Helena,  Ark.,  and 
Trotters  Point,  Miss.;  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  and  Delta,  La.;  Natchez, 
Miss.,  and  Vidalia,  La.;  Naples  and  Angola,  La.;  Baton  Rouge 
and  Anchorage,  La.;  New  Orleans  and  Algiers  and  New  Orleans 
and  Gouldsboro.  La. 

The  general  statistics  for  1906  and  1916  are  pre- 
sented in  Table  38. 


Table  38.— CRAFT  OPERATED  IN  CONNECTION  WITH  STEAM  RAILROADS,  BY  CLASS:  1916  AND  1906. 


TOTAL. 

STEAM. 

UNRIGGED. 

PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE.' 

1916 » 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

Total. 

Steam. 

Unrigged. 

38 

20, 145 

$1,655,740 

320 

$241,761 

7JU,!>43 

38 

21,206 

$1,231,895 

261 

$192,201 

'371,514 

25 

11,107 

$1,387,795 

299 

$225, 758 

766,448 

?4 

io,4Kn 

$1,009,1.94 

2.95 

$188,601 

371,514 

13 

9,038 

$267,945 

21 

$16,fl<13 

24,395 

14 

10,725 

$222, 741 

6 

$3,600 

4.2 
6.0 
37.5 
17.3 
19.  7 
100.3 

-  7.1 

-5.0 
34.4 

22.6 
2.5.  S 
112.9 

-15.7 

20.3 

250.0 

344.5 

I  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 

^  Exclusive  of  4  ferryboats  of  503  gross  tons  in  public  service  carrying  1,040,312  passengers. 


'  Includes  21, 232  passengers  carried  on  towboats. 


Passengers  were  reported  as  carried  at  the  following 
car- transfer  points: 

On  the  Mississippi,  at  New  Orleans,  between  Baton  Rouge  and 
Anchorage,  Naples  and  Angola,  Natchez  and  Vidalia,  Vicksburg 
and  Delta,  Helena  and  Trotters  Point,  Cairo  and  Birds  Point,  and 
Little  Rock  and  Kelloggs  Landing.  On  the  Ohio  between  Metrop- 
olis and  Sleeth,  and  on  the  Tennessee  between  Chamberlain  and 
Caney  Inclines  and  Gunters  Landing  and  Hobbs  Island. 


Table  39  presents,  by  river  systems,  for  1916  and 
1906,  the  details  of  the  vessel  ecjuipment  for  this  serv- 
ice and  the  freight  handled  in  both  years. 

This  table  shows  that  63.2  per  cent  of  the  vessels, 
71.2  per  cent  of  the  tonnage  used  in  connection  with 
steam  railroads,  and  83.8  per  cent  of  the  freight  was 
moved  on  the  Lower  Mississippi  River  system. 


MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES. 


191 


Table  39. — Craft     Operated     im     Connection     with 
Railroads,  by  River  Systems:  1'j16  and  19UG. 


Steam 


Number  of  vessels:' 

1916 

1906 

Gross  tonnage: 

1916 

1906 


Total. 


Steam: 

Number — 

1916 

1906 

Gross  tonna^^e^ 

1916 , 

1906 

Freight  and  passengir-^ 
Number— 

1916 

1906 

Gross  tonnaee — 

1916 

1906 

Ferryboats- 
Number— 

1916 , 

1906 , 

Gross  tonnage — 

1916 

1906 

Towboats^ 
Number — 

1916 

1906 

Gross  tonnage — 

1916 , 

1906 


Unrigged: 

Number— 

1916 

1906 

Gross  tonnage — 

1916 

1906 

Freiirht  in  cars  (tons): 

1916 

1906 


20,14.5 
21,206 


25 

21 

11.107 
10,480 


6,  .5,56 


2 
13 

2,144 
8,653 


15 
11 

2,407 
1,827 


13 
14 

9,038 
10,726 


12.332,713 
6,905,597 


Ohio 
system. 


5,79S 
2.887 


7 
5 

1,268 
1,427 


675 


974 


693 
453 


4,5.30 
1,460 


1,996,223 

287, 777 


Lower 

Missis- 
sippi 
system. 


14,347 
18,319 


18 
19 

9,839 
9,033 


7 
5,981 


2 
11 

2,144 

7,679 


1,714 
1,374 


6 
10 

4,  .508 
9,266 

10.3.36,490 
6,617,820 


1  Exclusive  of  4  public  ferries. 


GOVERNMENT   VESSELS. 


State  arid  city — The  general  statistics  for  the  vessels 
owned  and  operated  by  state  and  city  governments 
in  1916  and  1906  are  given  in  Table  40. 


Table  40. 


-Vessels    Owned    and    Oper.\ted    by    St.<.te  and 
City  Governments:  1916  and  1906. 


Total. 

Steam. 

Unrigged. 

Number  of  vessels: 

1916 

12 
8 

1,729 
873 

$389, 108 
$80,200 

$08. 806 

s;,ooo 

134 
13 

$03,389 
$11,300 

7 
4 

1,022 
375 

$176,608 
$59,700 

$12,688 
$1,000 

52 
15 

$41,407 
$11,300 

5 

1906 

4 

Gross  tonnage: 

1916 

707 

1906 

498 

Value  of  vessels: 

1916 

$212  500 

1906 

$20,500 

$86,208 
$6,000 

82 

Gross  income: 

1916 

1906 

Ntimbcr  employed  on  vessels: 

1916 

1906 

Wages: 

1916 

$51,982 

isioa       

Number  of  pa.ssengers  carried: 

1916 

1906 

5,000 

5,000 

These  vessels  were  employed  as  follows: 

Service  ia  Louisiana:  One  gasoline  boat,  used  by  the  Depart- 
ment of  Conservation  for  conservation  patrol  duty;  three  unrigged 
craft,  a  derrick  boat,  dredge  boat,  and  harbor  boat,  used  by  the 
Board  of  Commissioners  of  the  Port  of  New  Orleans  in  harbor  work; 
and  two  tugs  used  by  the  Board  of  Control  of  New  Basin  Canal  and 
Shell  Road  in  canal  towing  within  the  city  of  New  Orleans. 

Service  at  St.  Louis:  One  launch  and  one  steamer  used  by  the 
city  of  St.  Louis  for  harbor  inspection  work  and  for  levee  watching 
and  fighting  harbor  fires. 


Service  in  Illinois:  One  steamer  used  by  the  state  as  a  naval 
training  ship. 

Service  in  Kansas:  One  dredge  used  in  Kansas  \'alley  Drainage 
District  of  Wyandotte  County  for  drainage  work. 

Federal — The  United  States  Government  has  a  large 
number  of  vessels  in  service  on  the  Mississijjpi  River 
and  its  tributaries,  comprising  steamboats,  tenders, 
launches,  towboats,  snag  boats,  dredges  of  different 
tj'pes,  derrick  boats,  repair  boats,  barges,  scows,  and 
flats.  They  are  used  chiefly  in  connection  with  the 
various  improvements  to  the  channels  and  harbors. 
They  are  under  the  direction  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers 
of  the  War  Department.  No  census  was  taken  of 
these  boats  in  1916,  and  they  are  not  included  in  this 
report. 

FISHING   CRAFT. 

The  statistics  of  vessels  engaged  in  the  commercial 
fisheries  in  1916  are  given  in  Table  41. 

Table  41. — Fishing  Vessels:  1916. 


Number  of  vessels 

Gross  toruiage 

Value  of  vessels 

Gross  income 

Number  employed  on  vessel: 
Wages .' 


Total. 


g 

92 

$14,400 

$26,110 

26 

$16,227 


IDLE    VESSELS. 

Table  42  gives  the  statistics  in  regard  to  idle  vessels 
for  1916  and  1906,  which  are  not  included  in  the  fore- 
going tables. 

Table  42.— Idle  Vessels:  1916  and  1906. 


Number  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnage 

Net  tonuaf:e 

Value  of  vessels 

Construction: 

Wood 

Metal 

Composite 

Character  of  propulsion: 

Stem  wheel 

Side  wheel 

Screw 

All  others 


1916 


291 

13. .510 

32.409 

$874,263 

277 

13 

1 

94 
9 
58 


1806 


171 

15,0:J8 

14,. 564 

$310, 6S5 

166 
4 
1 

58 
5 

36 
1 


1916 


161 

9,741 

8.669 

5622,910 

148 

12 

1 

94 
9 

58 


1906 


100 
4.4S2 
4.009 
$256,220 


1916 


130 

23. 769 

23,740 

$251,353 

129 
1 


1906 


n 

10,556 

10.  ,556 

(64,465 


'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

In  1916  idle  steam  vessels  constituted  8.7  per  cent  of 
all  steam  vessels,  active  and  idle,  7.5  per  cent  of 
the  tonnage,  and  4.5  per  cent  of  the  value;  in  the 
same  year  the  idle  unrigged  craft,  formed  2.3  per  cent 
of  the  number  of  all  unrigged  craft,  1.6  per  cent  of  the 
tonnage,  and  2.5  per  cent  of  the  value. 

In  1906  the  idle  steam  vessels,  or  steam  vessels  for 
which  no  traffic  report  was  received,  were  100  in  num- 
ber; they  had  a  tonnage  of  4,482  and  were  valued  at 
$256,220.  The  proportion  these  vessels  formed  of  all 
steam  vessels  amounted  to  6.9  per  cent  for  number, 
3  per  cent  for  tonnage,  and  1.9  per  cent  for  value. 

Table  43  gives  detailed  statistics  for  water  trans- 
portation on  the  J*Iississippi  and  its  tributaries  for  1916. 


192 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 

Table  43.— ALL  VESSELS,   BY  CLASS, 


CLASS,  OCCUPATION,  AND  OWNERSHIP. 

Number 

of 
vessels. 

TONNAGE. 

RIGGED. 

• 

HORSEPOWER  OF  ENGINES. 

Gross. 

Net. 

Screw. 

Side 
wheel. 

Stem  1     All 
wheel,    other. 

Steam. 

Gasoline. 

All 
other. 

1 

Total                                       

7,24.7 

1,621,537 

1,533,186 

611 

79 

1,017 

1 

189,326 

30, 293 

1 

1,708 
389 
736 
213 
8 
325 
37 

120,065 
48,-602 
49,865 
11,263 
92 
6,429 
3,804 

105,183 
44,456 
42,333 

4,906 
3,469 

611 
128 
159 
44 

6 
267 

7 

79 
39 
10 
22 

6' 

2 

1,017 

222 

567 

146 

2 

62 

28 

1 

i" 

189,326 
61^507 
106,^12 
12,142 
12 
3,566 
5,887 

30,293 
6,783 
9,469 
2,543 
173 
10,949 
376 

1 

4 

.1 

A 

Fishing 

Yachts 

S 

Miscfllianfv^us .-■ 

<) 

636 
162 
362 
71 
1 
12 
28 

151 
40 
73 
23 

103,115 

43,162 

45,339 

9,155 

10 

1,941 

3,508 

13,332 

4,246 
6,822 
1,036 

91,023 

39,759 

38,576 

8,087 

7 

1,392 

3,202 

11,440 
3,833 
4,860 
1,017 

105 
13 
80 
£ 
1 
6 

28 
7 

14 
2 

61 

33 

5 

11 

479 
116 
277 
64 

1 
i' 

189,326 

61,607 

106,212 

12,142 

12 

3,666 

8,887 

25,877 
5,999 

13,835 
1,785 

10 

11 

Tugsandot^er  towing  vessels    ..      ..           

n 

Ferryboats                            

18 

Fishing..                    

14 

Yachts...             

i' 

8 
3 
1 
4 

6 
26 

115 
30 

58 
17 

1i 

1R 

17 

18 

19 

m 



?1 

Yachts.                       

a 

4 

72 
19 
35 
9 
1 
1 
7 

408 
103 
251 
39 

1,784 
444 

6,486 

2,908 

2,4S2 

354 

10 

157 

675 

82,372 

36,003 

36,819 

7,765 

1,286 
444 

6,141 

2,306 

1,931 

332 

7 

106 

459 

73,636 
33,620 
31,688 
6,733 

S 

__ 

6 
4 

54 

14 

27 

6 

3,091 
1,167 

11,455 

5,013 

4,595 

835 

12 

475 

795 

150,352 
50,465 
86,980 

9,822 

?? 

?1 

Firm                                                     

13 
2 

7 
2 
1 
1 

5 
3 

1 

1 

74 

?i 

?R 

77 

Fishing                                                     

?fl 

Yachts                                            

79 

7 

309 
72 

192 
31 

1 
i' 

in 

61 

4 
56 

1 

37 

27 

3 

6 

?i 

p 

11 

34 

Yachts 

^■i 

15 

5 

1,780 
925 

1,590 

806 

3 

1 

1 

14 
1 

3,085 
1,642 

Ifi 

All  Other                                                       .        

17 

I 

IS 

3 

216 

97 

3 

j 

802 

19 

1 

40 

Fishing.                                            

1 

41 

Yachts 

*', 

47 

Mis'^flllftnf.^ii.s                                                     

2 

1,072 
227 
374 
142 

7 
313 

9 

716 

153 

203 

86 

6 
256 

2 

175 
40 
64 
28 

1 
43 

1 

165 
27 

101 
22 
10 
5 

16 
2 

1 
8 

709 

16,9*0 
5,440 
4,526 
2,108 
82 
4,4S8 
296 

9.684 
2,466 
2,336 
1,228 

64 
3,550 

20 

2,370 
643 

772 

430 

18 

493 

9 

4,577 

2,309 

1,368 

317 

401 

182 

309 
22 
30 

133 

709 

14,160 
4,697 
3,702 
1,854 
56 
3,514 
267 

7,892 

1,979 
1,959 
1,110 

44 
2,781 

19 

2,028 
548 
665 
391 
12 
405 
7 

3,986 

2,149 

1,113 

261 

295 

163 

254 
21 
20 

102 

506 

113 

79 

39 

5 

261 

7 

376 
80 
44 

30 

218 

1 

2S 
6 
5 

11 

e' 

22 

5 
3 

8 

6' 

1  1 

840 

4? 

638 

106 

290 

92 

2 

30,293 
6,783 
9,469 
2,543 
173 
10,949 
376 

19,333 
4,201 
4,575 
1,391 
133 
8,993 
40 

4,525 
1,014 

1,587 
664 

40 
1,296 

24 

5,937 

1,503 

3,182 

499 

r,9l 

212 

448 
63 

125 
89 

:;;::r:: 

4'i 

4fl 

47 

41 

Yachts                    .                  .            

46 
2 

318 
73 

161 

48 

2 

32 

4A 

BO 

fil 

Freight  and  passenger 

f)7 

51 

Ferryboats ...                     .                  

54 

.■if) 

M 

AriSCftlt:^neftiis  .      ,                                                      ...... 

2 

106 
25 
53 
19 

', . . 

57 

66 

15 
11 
4 

1 
34 

1 

57 
19 
23 
5 
5 
5 

7 

1 
1 

3 
3' 

■il 

Freij^hf:  ftnri  p-i-sierurer 

m 

m 

fli 

Fishing 

fi? 

Yachts 

9 

fii 

64 

3 

1 
2 

105 

7 

76 

17 

5 

65 

Freight  and  pissenger.     .             

6ri 

«7 

FeiTvboits 

fil 

Yachts                     

fif) 

70 

.\11  other 

9 

1 

71 

7? 

73 

8 

74 

75 

Yachts 

4 

1 

6,539 

39 

85 

1,. 501, 532 

33 

78 

1,478,003 

4 

1 



69 

100 

7« 

77 

Individual 

:    "•; 

78 

991 
371 

4,158 
19 

159, 132 

37,590 

l,303,9i;6 

814 

158,573 

37, 128 

1,281,504 

798 

I 

7<) 

1 

80 

I 

1 

81 

' 

1 1 

'         "'1 

1 1 1 

'  Does  not  include  12,203,844  tons  of  freight  lightered. 


MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  AND  ITS  TRIBUT.\RIES. 

OCCUPATION,  AND  OWNERSHIP:  1916. 


193 


CONSTRUCTION. 


Metal, 


132 
30 


Wood. 


Com- 
l     posite. 


6,804 


1,562 
358 
668 
192 
8 
304 
32 


543 

145 

305 

69 

1 


136 
37 


Value  of 
vessels. 


$23,044,903 


13,157,454 
4,531,749 
5,917,111 
1,014,950 
14,400 
1,206,153 
473,091 


10, 870, 444 

3,864,783 

5,377,020 

815, 650 

1,500 

369,500 

441,991 

1,562,137 
383,800 
701,330 
111,600 


Freight. 


$5,671,446 


3, 488, 625 

3,  459, 646 

28,979 


3, 128, 125 

3,104,037 

24,088 


Passengers. 


$2,404,703 


2,319,071 

1,643,781 

43,772 

631,113 


All  other. 


$9,389,707 


405 


5,721,086 

209,074 

3, 938,  893 

429,357 

26,110 

10,653 

1,106,999 


433,  .398 

431,  OOH 

2,390 


2,025,548 

1, 466, 502 

33,995 

525,051 


223,602 

121,411 

5,625 

96,566 


4,987,983 

166,448 

3,402,344 

328, 712 

2,050 

3,500 

1,084,929 

927,870 
17,2J4 

472, 402 
55,899 


Niunber 
employed 
on  vessels. 


14,732 


12,535 

4,091 

7,361 

672 

26 

173 

312 


Wages. 


$6,396,552 


Number  of 

passengers 

carried. 


17,599,378 


5, 107, 908 

2, 123,  755 

2,301,009 

346, 116 

16,227 

98,399 

222,402 


10,967 

3,565 

6,646 

394 

1 

74 

287 

1,284 

558 

511 

77 


4, 475, 922 

1,916,493 

2,042,  l.'!7 

272, 241 

200 

34,399 

210,462 

645,957 
234,752 
282,163 
41,947 


16, 596. 4:il 

4,084,851 

119,870 

12,390,740 


970 


14,513,147 

3, 279, 819 

77,328 

11,156,000 


Freight  carried 

(tons  of  2,000 

pounds;. 


1,572,038 

411,118 

43,400 

1,117,520 


'27,962,583 


7,992,998 

7,982,683 

10,315 


7,752,419 

7,746,169 

6,250 


287,880 
800 


24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 

30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 

30 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 

43 
44 

45 
46 
47 
48 
49 

50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 

57 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 

64 

65 
66 
67 
68 


337 
90 

205 
29 


299,500 
85,907 

752,757 
332,700 
230, 107 
35,200 
1,500 
70,000 
83,250 

8,391,942 

3, 168,  283 

4,353,975 

668,850 


169,964 

166,264 

3,700 


176,573 
144,994 


31,579 


3,500 
378,835 

243,813 
9,812 

128, 189 
32,941 
2,050 


2, 524,  763 

2, 506,  765 

17,998 


1,625,373 

1,200,097 

28,370 

396,906 


70,821 

3,803,612 
139, 402 

2, 789, 065 
239, 872 


64 
74 

583 

275 
225 
33 
1 
10 
39 

9,054 

2,732 

5,892 

284 


31,899 
55,196 

289,905 

122, 187 

103,619 

21,981 

200 

2,500 

19, 418 

3, 524, 626 

1,559,554 

1,640,465 

208, 313 


1,046,454 
359,207 


687,247 


11,894,655 

2,509,494 

33,928 

9,351,233 


105,802 

101,402 

4,400 


7,357,937 

7,356,887 

1,050 


200,834 
163,608 
"9i,'668 


635,273 

12,688 

"12,688' 


146 
46 

"is 


116,294 
35,434 


15,890 


1,019 
213 
363 
133 

7 
295 

8 

682 

150 

203 

79 

6 
242 

2 

166 
38 
60 
26 
1 
40 
1 

157 
23 

100 
20 
10 
4 

14 
2 


72,000 

2, 287, 010 
666,966 
5)0,091 
199,300 

12,900 
836,653 

31,100 

1,380,328 
287, 670 
243, 275 
115,500 
9,900 
723,383 
600 

269,970 
76,700 
79, 4.50 
43,400 
3,000 
65,920 
1,500 

587, 162 
297,596 
200,366 
28,.tOO 
41,700 
19,000 

49, 550 

5,000 
17,000 
11,900 


360,500 

335,609 

4,891 


293,523 

177, 279 

9,777 

106,062 


184,029 

183,367 

662 


53,931 
51,223 
2, 70S 


121,, >I0 

120,019 

1,521 


1,000 
1,000 


405 


176,586 

106, 219 

9,148 

60,974 


245 


47,685 

29,819 

629 

17,237 


733,103 
42, 626 
536,549 
100,645 
24,060 
7,153 
22,070 

408,200 
31,978 
290,683 
57,081 
20,560 
7,148 
750 

119,474 
6,991 
72,961 
35, 222 
3,500 


65, 7.52 
37,741 


27,851 
160 


3,500 
3,500 


800 

204,740 

2,968 

172,905 

8,342 

5 

20,520 


1,568 
526 
715 
178 
25 
99 
25 

842 
285 
351 
98 
22 
84 
2 

254 
91 
114 
41 
3 
3 
2 

452 
145 
247 
31 
12 
17 

20 
5 
3 


19,544 

631,986 
207,2152 
258, 872 
73,875 
16,027 
64,000 
11,950 

337,683 
111,7S6 
112, 110 
39,247 
14,947 
59,537 
50 

81,639 

27,065 

36,962 

15,051 

1,080 

1,171 

310 

196,685 
65,29S 
106,914 
14,151 
3,292 
7,030 

15,979 
3,113 
2,&S0 
6,426 


2,083,284 

805,032 

42,542 

1,234,740 


970 


1,189,540 

448,363 

41,358 

699,249 


570 


314,120 

133,172 

1,1.84 

179,764 


475,314 
216, 497 


258,417 
400 


104,310 
7,000 


97,310 


240,579 

236,514 

4,065 


127,327 
126,923 


62,310 
59,614 
2,696 


50,442 

49, 477 

965 


600 
600 


279 


10 

9 

260 


5,242 


971 

357 

3,895 

19 


18 


5,650 
10,000 

9,887,449 


2,182,821 


85,632 


3,668,621 


1,407,449 

535,895 

7, 725, 815 

218,290 


453,355 

97, 795 

1,631,671 


42,341 

4,386 
25,270 
13,635 


485,570 

383, 697 

2,711,142 

88,212 


2,197 


4,560 


1,288,644 


405 

271 

1,447 

74 


195, 6^3 

143,766 

907,905 

41,340 


'19,969,585 


474,725 

1,076,884 

78 

74,464 

254,974 

79 

340,158 

18,637,727 

80 

113,600 



81 

116515°- 


CANALS  AND 
OTHER  INLAND  WATERS 


195 


CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLAND  WATERS. 


By  John  G.  Hawes  and  Elmore  W.  Sanderson. 


SCOPE    OF    THE    REPORT. 

The  statistics  in  this  section  relate  to  transportation 
by  all  vessels,  documented  and  undocnmen  ted,  of  5  tons 
net  register  or  over,  operating  on  all  canals,  exclusive 
of  ship  canals,  except  that  the  Chicago  Drainage  and 
Ship  Canal  is  included;  on  all  lakes,  except  the  Great 
Lakes;  on  all  rivers,  canalized  or  other,  tributary  to 
the  Great  Lakes,  but  not  on  any  river  tributary  to  the 
Mississippi;  on  the  Red  River  (of  the  North);  and  on 
all  rivers,  above  tidewater,  tributary  to  the  Atlantic 
and  Pacific  Oceans  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 


GENERAL   SUMMARY. 

When  it  is  possible,  comparable  statistics  are  shown 
for  1906  and  1916,  but  only  in  a  few  tables  can  1889 
be  given,  statistics  for  that  year  having  been  reported 
generally  on  a  different  basis  and  tabulated  in  various 
geographic  divisions.  Statistics  for  fishing  vessels  are 
not  included  in  any  comparative  tables,  as  such  data 
were  not  collected  for  1906. 

Table  1  shows  comparable  data  for  1916  and  1906 
for  the  L^nited  States  as  a  whole,  for  New  York  state 
separately,  and  for  all  other  states  combined. 


Table  1.— ALL  \'ESSELS  AND  CRAFT,  EXCLUSI\^  OF  FISHING  V'ESSELS:  1916  AND  1906. 


Number  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnage 

Value  ol  vessels 

Gross  income 

Number  employed  on 


Wages.. 


Number  of  passengers 
carried 


Freight  and  harbor 
work  (tons  of  2,Uoa 
pounds). 

Freight  carried 

Harbor  work 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 


1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 


1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 


AGGREGATE.! 


2,CM9 
2,140 

196,426 
259,491 

S.'i,  744,  4S6 
$4, 5S6,  791 

$4,179,481 
$3,957,729 

3,168 

3,731 

$1,263,885 

$1,361,030 

2,005,036 
1,877,889 

3,059,479 
3,944,655 


2,.S42,626 
3,  716, 765 

516,8.53 

227,890 


Canals  and 

other 

inland 

waters  of 

New  York 

state. 


978 
1,648 

11.5,290 
209,152 

$2,  S.i7, 2.39 
$3,294,221 

$2, 138, 537 
S2,  781,601 

1,490 

2,472 

$590,788 

$920,260 

457,351 

835,052 

1,417,744 

2,712,481 

1,120,762 
2,502,891 

296,982 
209,590 


All  other 
inland 
waters. 


1,071 
492 

81,136 
50,339 

S2,  S.87, 247 
$1,292,570 

$2,040,924 
$1,176,125 

1,678 
1,259 

$873,097 
$440, 770 

1,547,685 
1,042,837 

1,641,735 
1,232,174 

1,421,864 
1,213,874 

219,871 
18,300 


Total. 


574 
337 

27,S36 
21,507 

$3, 357, 686 
$2,225,673 

$1,5.53,498 
$1,065,469 

1,511 
1,153 

$588,590 
$412, 134 

1,994,236 
1,871,769 

199,319 
261,315 


197,069 
259,815 

2,250 
1,500 


Canals  and 

other 

inland 

waters  of 

New  York 

state. 


170 
151 

11,603 
14,127 

$1,291,796 
$1,390,512 

$500,634 
$525,970 


533 
590 


All  other 
inland 
waters. 


404 

186 

16,253 

7,380 

$2,06.5,890 

$835,161 

$1,052,8&4 

$539,499 


978 
563 

$195,163  I      $393,427 
$192,238  I      $219,896 


449,351 
828,932 

80,602 
105, 498 

78,352 
103,998 

2,250 
1,500 


1,544,885 
1,042,837 

118,717 
155,817 

118,717 
155,817 


SAIL. 


Total. 


5 

14 

258 

518 

$8,650 
$16,800 

$1,150 
$4,250 

5 

11 

$1,280 
$1,620 


I  Canals 
I     and 
I    other 
Inland 


All 

other 


waters  of  inland 


UXEIGGED. 


Total. 


New 
York 
state. 


1,920 
6,96S 

1,920 
6,968 


4 
13 

150 
495 

$7,150 
$16,000 

$550 

$4,250 

3 
11 

$1,100 
$1,620 


waters. 


770 
6,968 

770 
6,968 


1 
»1 

108 
23 

$1,500 
$800 

$600 


$1S0 


1,150 


1,150 


1,470 
1,789 

168,312 
237,466 

$2,378,150 
$2,344,318 

$2,624,833 
$2,888,010 

1,652 
2,567 

$674,015 
$947,276 

10,800 
6,120 

2,858,240 
3,676,372 

2,343,637 
3,449,982 

514,603 
226,390 


Canals  and 

other 

inland 

waters  of 

New  York 

state. 


sot 

1,484 
103,537 
194,530 

$1,558,293 
$1,887,709 

$1,637,373 
$2,251,384 

951 
1,871 

$394,  .525 
$726,402 

8,000 
6,120 

1,336,372 
2,600,015 

1,041,640 
2,391,925 

294,732 
208,090 


All  other 
inland 
waters. 


305 

64,775 

42,936 

$819,857 

$456,608 

$987,460 
$636,626 


696 

$279,490 
$220,874 


1,521,868 
1,076,357 

1,301,997 
1,058,057 

219,871 
18,300 


■  Exclusive  of  134  vessels  vrith  a  gross  tonnage  of  9,829  reported  as  idle  in  1916;  and  68  vessels  with  a  gross  tonnage  of  7,368  reported  as  idle  in  1906. 

2  Includes  craft  propelle-l  by  machinery. 

3  A  pleasure  yacht. 


The  figures  given  in  Table  1  show  a  decrease  for  the 
decade  in  many  of  the  items.  There  was  a  noticeable 
increase,  however,  in  value  of  vessels,  2.5.2  per  cent, 
notwithstanding  a  decrease  in  tonnage  of  24.3  per  cent. 
The  increases  are  for  the  most  part  limited  to  inland 
waters  in  states  other  than  New  York.  Tlie  fact  should 
not  be  lost  sight  of,  however,  that  although  the  figures 
for  New  York  show  very  decided  decreases,  the  state 
reported  about  one-half  of  each  of  the  items  in  the 
table  in  1916,  with  the  exception  of  number  of  passen- 
gers carried. 

Table  2  shows  the  number,  gross  tonnage,  and  value 
of  vessels,  by  classes,  for  the  years  1916,  1906,  and 
1889. 


The  increase  in  number  of  steam  vessels  (252.1  per 
cent)  from  1889  to  1916  and  the  decrease  in  each  of 
the  other  classes  represent  the  growing  tendency  of 
transportation  on  inland  waterways.  Tlie  unrigged 
boats  decreased  77  per  cent  in  number  during  that 
period,  although  they  stiU  outnumbered  the  steam  ves- 
sels. Tlie  steam  vessels  showed  a  greater  value  than  the 
unrigged  boats  in  1916,  but  the  tonnage  of  the  un- 
rigged craft  far  exceeded  that  of  the  steam  craft.  In 
1916  a  total  of  1 12  steam  vessels,  with  a  gross  tonnage 
of  5,741,  was  operated  on  canals. 

The  great  decrease  in  unrigged  craft  from  1889  to 
1906  is  explained  by  the  abandonment  during  the  17- 
year  period  of  a  large  number  of  boats  as  old  and 

197 


198 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


anseaworthy,  while  the  addition  of  new  boats  was 
insignificant. 

Table  2. — NtruBER,  Gross  Tonnage,  and  Value  of  Vessels, 
BY  Class:  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


1916 


Total: 

Number  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnage 

Value 


Steam  :t 

Number  of  vessels. 

Gross  tonnage 

Value 

SaU: 

Number  of  vessels. 

Gross  tonnage 

Value 

Unrigged: 

Number  of  vessels. 

Gross  tonnage 

Value 


2,(M9 

196,426 

$5,744,486 


574 

27,856 

J3, 357, 686 

5 

2.58 

$8,650 

1,470 

168,312 

$2, 378, 150 


1906 


2,140 

259.  491 

$4,ScS6.791 


337 

21,507 

82,225,673 

14 

518 

$16,800 

1,789 

237,466 

$2,344,318 


1889 


6,575 

996,629 

$6,138,914 


163 

19.223 

$790,000 

25 

1,925 

$36,800 

6,387 

975,481 

$5,312,114 


PER  TENT  or 
INCREASE.' 


1906- 
1916 


-4.3 
-24.3 

25.2 


70.3 
29.5 
50.9 


50.2 
-48.5 


-29.1 
1.4 


I8S9- 
1916 


-08.8 

-80.3 

-6.4 


252.1 

44.9 

325.0 


-86.6 
-76.5 

-77.0 
-82.7 
-53.2 


of  the  canal  vessels  in  use.  From  reports  received  covering  the 
Bituation,  there  i.s  every  reason  to  l)elieve  that  had  the  canal  boats 
withdrawn  for  storage  use  been  continued  in  the  canal  service,  even 
■with  no  new  craft  added,  the  tonnasje  for  1916  would  have  shown  a 
Considerable  increase  over  the  preceding  year  instead  of  an  actual 
decrease. 

Tal)le  3  sliows  the  percentage  that  tlie  several  items 
in  tlie  table  form  of  the  total  for  each  of  the  three 
classes  of  vessels  for  1916  and  1906. 


Table  3.- 


-Per  Cent  that  Steam.  Sail,  and  Unrigged  Vessels 
Form  op  Total:  1916  and  1906. 


Xumtier  of  vessels 

Gross  tonnage 

Value  of  vessels 

Gross  Income 

Numl«r  employed  on  vessels 

Wages 

Number  of  passengers  carried 

Freight  carried,  Including  harbor  work 
(tons  of  2,000  pounds) 


STEAM.' 


28. 0 
14.2 
58.4 
37.2 
47.7 
411.6 
99.5 

6.3 


1906 


15.7 
8.3 
48.5 
26.9 
30.9 
30.3 
99.7 

6.6 


1916 


0.2 

0.1 

0.2 

(') 

0.2 

0.1 


1906 


0.7 
0.2 
0.4 
0.1 
0.3 
0.1 


1916 


71.7 
8.5.7 
41.4 
62.8 
52.1 
53.3 
0.5 

93.4 


S3. 6 
91.5 
51.1 
73.0 
68.8 
69.6 
0.3 

93.2 


'  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less 
than  100. 
•  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

The  decrease  in  number  of  unrigged  boats  from  1906 
to  1916  is  due  largely  to  the  decrease  of  canal  boats 
operating  on  the  canals  of  New  York  state.  The 
Superintendent  of  Public  Works  of  the  state  of  New 
York  in  his  report  on  canals  for  the  year  1916  (p.  8) 
states  that — 

The  falling  off  in  the  total  canal  tonnage  during  1916  was  not  un- 
expected. In  my  report  submitted  in  Jaiuiary  la.st  I  referred  to 
several  causes  which  would  inevitably  lead  to  lessened  shipments. 
Among  these  were  the  decreasing  number  of  seaworthy  boats  suit- 
able for  canal  traffic  and  the  hesitancy  on  the  part  of  boat-building 
concerns  to  construct  craft  of  a  type  suitable  to  the  new  conditions 
until  the  improved  channel  was  ready  for  use.  Wliile  the  reasons 
then  given  apply  with  equal  force  to  the  tonnage  figures  of  the 
season  just  past,  a  further  explanation  of  the  smaller  tonnage  figures 
is  offered  in  the  fact  that  approximately  200  boats  heretofore  used 
for  the  carrj-ing  of  canal  freight  were  withdrawn  from  that  service 
and  made  use  of  during  the  past  season  for  storage  purposes  in  New 
York  Harbor.  A  serious  congestion  of  freight  existed  there,  and 
craft  of  every  type  suitable  for  such  purpose  were  eagerly  sought. 
At  various  times  during  the  past  summer  the  assistance  of  the 
department  was  sought  in  securing  boats  for  the  transportation  of 
freight,  and  freight  was  offered  for  shipments  beyond  the  capacity 

Table  4.— PER  CENT  THAT  CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLAND    WATERS  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE  AND  OF  ALL   OTHER 
STATES  FORM  OF  TOTAL,  FOR  ALL  VESSELS  AND  FOR  EACH  CLASS:  1916  AND  1906. 


I  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 
"  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

In  1916,  71.7  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  vessels 
operating  on  all  inland  watera  were  unrigged  craft, 
mostly  canal  boats.  They  represented  85.7  per  cent 
of  the  gross  tonnage  of  all  vessels,  but  only  41.4  per 
cent  of  the  value,  as  compared  with  percentages  of 
83.6,  91.5,  and  51.1,  respectively,  in  1906.  In  1916 
nearly  two-thirds  of  the  gross  income  and  slightly  more 
than  one-half  of  the  number  of  employees  and  their 
wages  were  reported  by  the  unrigged  craft.  The  steam 
vessels  reported  practical^  all  of  the  i)assengers  car- 
ried, only  five-tenths  of  1  per  cent  being  reported  for 
the  unrigged  craft  and  none  for  sail  vessels.  On  the 
other  hand,  almost  all  of  the  freight  was  tarried  by  the 
unrigged  craft,  the  sailing  vessels  reporting  only  one- 
tenth  of  1  per  cent  of  the  total  and  the  steaih  vessels 
but  6.0  per  cent. 

Table  4  shows  the  proportions  reported  by  New 
York  state  and  by  all  other  states  of  the  total  for  the 
various  items  in  Table  1,  for  steam,  sail,  and  unrigged 
craft,  for  1916  and  1906. 


CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLANO  WATERS. 

Aggregate. 

Steam." 

Sail. 

Unrigged 

New  York. 

All  other 
states. 

New  York. 

All  other 
states. 

New  York. 

All  other 
states. 

New  York. 

All  other 
states. 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1906 

47.7 
58.7 
49.7 
61.2 
47.0 
46.7 
22.8 

77.0 
80.6 
71.8 
70.3 
66.3 
67.6 
44.5 

52.3 
41.3 
50.3 
48.8 
53.0 
53.3 
77.2 

23.0 

19.4 
28.2 
29.7 
33.7 
32.4 
55.5 

29.6 
41.7 
38.5 
32.2 
35.3 
33.2 
22.5 

44.8 
65.7 
62.5 
49.4 
51.2 
46.6 
44.3 

70.4 
58.3 
61.3 
67.8 
64.7 
66.8 
77.5 

55.2 
34.3 
37.5 
50.6 
48.8 
53.4 
55.7 

80.0 

58.1 
82.7 
47.8 
60.0 
85.9 

92.9 

95.6 
95.2 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

20.0 
41.9 
17.3 
52.2 
40.0 
14.1 

7.1 
4.4 

4.8 

54.7 
61.5 
65.5 
62.4 
57.7 
58.5 
74.1 

83.0 

81.9 
80.5 
78.0 
72.9 
76.7 
100.0 

45.3 

38.5 
34.5 
37.6 
42.3 
41.5 
25.9 

17.0 

18.1 

19.5 

22.0 

27.1 

23.3 

1  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLAND  WATERS. 


199 


Of  the  total  number  of  vessels  of  all  kinds  reported, 
77  per  cent  were  operated  on  the  canals  and  other 
inland  waters  of  New  York  state  in  1906,  but  only 
47.7  per  cent  in  1916.  Similar  decreases  are  shown 
for  all  other  items  in  the  table.  Great  changes  are 
shown  for  unrigged  craft  in  all  other  states,  the 
relative  proportions  of  the  several  items  showing 
decided  increases  in  1916  over  those  for  1906.  In 
a  lesser  degree  the  same  conditions  apply  to  steam 
and  to  sail  vessels  for  all  other  states. 

Idle  vessels. — Table  5  shows  the  nunaber  and  gross 
tonnage  of  steam,  sail,  and  unrigged  vessels  that  were 
idle  in  1916  and  1906. 

There  was  an  increase  in  the  nximber  and  tonnage  of 
idle  steam  and  imrigged  vessels  during  the  decade, 
steam  craft  showing  both  a  greater  actual  and  pro- 
portionate increase  than  the  uiu-igged.     Of  the  total 


number  of  idle  vessels  in  1916,  about  two-thirds  were 
outside  the  state  of  New  York. 

Table  5. — Idle  Vessels,   with  Per  Cent  of  Inxeease:  1916 
AND  1906. 


KDHBEB  OF  VESSELS. 

GBOSS  TONKAGE. 

CLASS. 

1916 

1906 

1916 

1 

1906 

Per  cent 

ol 
increase. 

Total              

134 

68 

9.829 

7,388 

33.4 

Steam  1                   

78 

IS 

1 

49 

2,678 

10 

7,141 

651 

10 

6,707 

311.4 

Sail. 

1 
55 

6.5 

I  Includes  craft  propelled  by  macbinery. 

Table  6  shows  statistics  for  steam  and  motor  vessels 
operating  on  canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New 
York  state  and  of  all  other  states  in  1916. 


Table  6.— VESSELS  PROPELLED  BY  MACHINERY  OPERATING  ON  CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLAND  WATERS  OF  NEW 

YORK  STATE  AND  OF  ALL  OTHER  STATES:  1916. 


AGGEEGATE. 

NEW  yOEK. 

ALL 

OrnEK  STATES. 

Total. 

Steam. 

Motor. 

Total. 

Steam. 

Motor. 

Total. 

steam. 

Motor. 

Number  of  vessels 

577 

27,892 

43,140 

$3,361,286 

$1,566,340 

$295,436 

$627,211 

$643,693 

1,.517 

$593,600 

197,069 

340 

23.907 

35.160 

$2,752,683 

$1,353,272 

$256,2*8 

t533,23S 

$563,746 

1,291 

$518, 139 

« 185, 844 

1237 

3,985 

7,980 

$608,603 

$213,068 

$39, 148 

$93,973 

$79,947 

226 

$75,461 

11,225 

170 

J1.603 

15, 191 

$1,291,796 

$500,634 

$97,507 

$144,709 

$258,418 

533 

$195,163 

78,352 

119 

10.103 

13,687 

$1,040,286 

$449,414 

$86,061 

$134,827 

$228,526 

466 

$174,173 

76,518 

51 

1,500 

2,504 

$251,510 

$51,220 

$11,446 

$9.SS2 

$29,892 

67 

$20,990 

1,834 

407 

16,289 

27,949 

$2,069,490 

$1,065,706 

$197,929 

$482,502 

$385,275 

984 

$398,437 

118,717 

221 

13,804 

22,473 

$1,712,397 

$903,858 

$170,227 

$398,411 

$335,220 

825 

$343,966 

109,326 

186 

5,476 

Value  of  vessels 

$357,093 

$161,848 

Freight 

$27,702 

Passengers 

All  other  sources 

Number  employed  on  vessels 

Wage^ 

Freight  carried  {tons  of  2,000  pounds) . 

1  Includes  3  fishing  boats. 


'  Exclusive  of  2,250  tons  of  freight  lightered. 


Diagram  1.— GROSS  TONNAGE  OF  VESSELS  PROPELLED   BY  MACHINERY,  OPERATING  ON  CANALS  AND  OTHER 

INLAND  WATERS:  191P. 


THOUSANDS  OF    TONS 
6  9  '2 


ALL  OTHER 
STATES 


le 


GROSS 

TONNAGE 

1816 


200 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Diagram  2.— VALUE  OF  VESSELS  PROPELLED  BY  MACHINERY,  OPERATING  ON    CANALS    AND   OTHER    INLAND 

WATERS:  1916. 


NEW  YORK 
STATE 


ALL OTHER 
STATES 


HUNDREDS  OF  THOUSANDS  OF  DOLLARS 
9  0  12  16 


5^^^^^^0^^$^^:?^^^^^;^^5^J^^^^^ 


18 


ai 


y//////////////////////^^^^ 


^ 


En 


MOTOR 


VALUE 

leie 


Diagram  3. — Gross  Income  of  Vessels  Propelled  by  Ma- 
chinery, Operating  on  Canals  and  Other  Inland  Waters: 
1916. 


HUNDREDS  OF  T>40UftAMD8  OF  DOLXARS 


Mew  VOBK 

STATE 

ALL  OTHER 

•TATEt 


y///////////////////M 


^^:J^J5^^^^^^^^^^J^^^^5%%%%J^^^;J^^^^^^^ 


^^.TCAM 


Table  7.- 


Steam  craft  led  in  all  details  presented  in  Table  6. 
Although  about  two-fifths  of  the  total  number  of 
vessels  were  motor  driven,  their  proportion  in  other 
details  was  much  less.  A  comparison  of  some  of  the 
more  important  items  for  New  York  and  for  all  other 
states  shows  that  the  proportions  for  aU  other  states 
were  considerably  greater,  the  proportions  being  as 
follows:  For  total  number  of  vessels,  70.5  per  cent; 
gross  tonnage,  58.4  per  cent;  horsepower,  64. S  per  cent; 
value  of  vessels,  61.6  per  cent;  income,  68  per  cent;  and 
freight  carried,  60.2  per  cent. 

Table  7  shows  statistics  for  the  steam  and  motor 
vessels  operated  on  the  canals  of  New  York  state  and 
of  all  other  states  in  1916. 


-VESSELS  PROPELLED  BY  MACHINERY  OPERATING  ON  CANALS  OF  NEW  YORK  STATE  AND  OF  ALL 

OTHER  STATES:  1916. 


AGGREGATE. 

NEW  YORK. 

ALL 

OTHER  STATES. 

Total. 

Steam. 

Motor. 

Total. 

Steam. 

Motor. 

Total. 

Steam. 

Motor. 

Number  of  vessels 

112 
5,741 

7.745 

$440, 422 

$323, 9S4 

$93, 2:i4 

$4,720 

$226,030 

316 

$160,301 

95,235 

94 

5,372 

7,053 

$382, 272 

$302,008 

$91,034 

$2,0.W 

$208,924 

298 

$152,014 

92,935 

IS 

369 

692 

$58, 150 

$21,976 

$2, 200 

$2,070 

$17, 106 

18 

$8, 2S7 

2,300 

84 

4,725 

6,  OSS 

$328, 250 

$21I,s,So 

$63.:m3 

$2. 7.V) 

$145,792 

235 

5107,303 

63,988 

73 

4,476 

5,546 

$280,700 

$198,376 

$63. 143 

$2,050 

$133,183 

225 

5101.903 

03,788 

11 

249 

542 

$47,  ,550 

$13,509 

$200 

$700 

$12,609 

10 

$5,400 

200 

28 

1,016 

1,657 

$112,172 

$112,099 

$29,  .891 

81,970 

$80,238 

81 

$52,938 

31,247 

21 

896 

1,507 

$101,572 

$103, 632 

527, 891 

7 

120 

150 

$10,600 

$8,467 

FreiKlit      

52,000 

$1,970 

All  other  sources 

$75,741 

73 

$50,051 

29,147 

$4,497 

8 

Waee*'    

$2,887 

2,100 

In  direct  contrast  with    the   showing   in  Table  6, 
when  figures    are  presented  for  vessels  propelled  by 


machinery  which  operated  on  canals  only,  as  in  Table 
7,  the  proportions  for  New  York  state  greatly  pre- 


CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLAND  WATERS. 


201 


dominate  over  those  for  all  other  states.  New  York 
reported  75  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  such 
vessels,  82.3  per  cent  of  the  tonnage,  74.5  per  cent  of 
their  value,  and  65.4  per  cent  of  the  gross  income. 
The  motor-driven  craft  on  the  canals  were  con.sid- 
erably  less  important  than  the  steam  vessels-,  the 
only  instance  in  which  motor  boats  exceeded  steam 
vessels  being  in  the  item  "income  from  passengers," 


for  which  their  proportion  was  56.6  per  cent.  In  1916, 
of  the  73  steam  vessels  operating  on  the  canals  of 
New  York  state,  42,  with  a  gross  tonnage  of  1,362, 
valued  at  §145,500,  were  used  for  towing. 

Table  8  shows  figures  for  all  vessels  and  craft, 
classified  by  occupation,  operating  on  canals  and 
other  inland  waters  of  the  United  States  for  1916  and 
1906. 


Table  8.- 


-ALL  VESSELS  AND  CRAFT,  EXCLUSIVE  OF  FISHING  VESSELS,  BY   OCCITPATION,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE  AND  PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL:  1916  AND  1906. 


Census 
year. 

VESSELS. 

TONNAGE. 

VALCE  OF  VESSELS. 

GROSS    raCOME. 

EMPLOTt-ED  ON 
VESSELS. 

WAGES. 

OCCUFATION. 

Number. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Gross 
tons. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Amount. 

Pot 
cent  of 
total. 

Amount. 

Per 
cent  of 
totaL 

Number. 

Per 

cent  of 
totaL 

Amoimt. 

Per 

cent  of 
total. 

Total                       

1916 
1906 

2,(M9 
2,140 
-4.3 

100.0 
100.0 

196,426 

269,491 

-24.3 

100.0 
100.0 

$5,744,486 

4,586,791 

25.2 

100.0 
100.0 

$4,179,481 

3,957,729 

5.6 

100.0 
100.0 

3,168 
3,731 
-1.5.1 

100.0 
100.0 

$1,263,885 

1,361.030 

-7.1 

100  0 

100.0 

1916 
1906 

1,903 
2,039 
-6.7 

262 

170 

54.1 

17 
5 

92.9 
95.3 

12.8 
7.9 

0.8 
0.2 

193,857 

257,309 

-24.7 

19,084 

16,803 

13.6 

503 
307 
63.8 

5,958 
2,733 
118.0 

168,312 

237,466 

-29.1 

2,004 

35.' 8 

565 

706 

-20.0 

98.7 
99.2 

9.7 
6.5 

0.3 

0.1 

3.0 
1.1 

85.7 
91.5 

1.0 
0.6 

0.3 
0.3 

5,347,217 

4,076,269 

31.2 

2,222,627 
1,283.987 

n.i 

64,750 
86,  .500 
-25.2 

681,690 
361,4l>» 

88.6 

2,378,1.50 

2,344,318 

1.4 

350,219 

474.  ST2 
-26.2 

47,050 

35,650 

32.0 

93.1 
88.9 

38.7 
28.0 

1.1 

1.9 

11.9 

7.9 

41.4 
51.1 

6.1 
10.4 

0.8 
0.8 

4,155,8« 

3,934,632 

5.7 

974,925 

713,020 

36.7 

58,179 

35,150 

65.5 

497,946 

298,452 

66.8 

2,624,833 

2,888,010 

-9.1 

1,010 
640 
57.8 

22,588 

22,457 

0.6 

99.5 
99.4 

23.3 
18.0 

1.4 

0.9 

3,052 
3,599 
-15.2 

908 

737 

23.2 

24 
17 

96.3 
96.5 

28.7 
19.8 

0.8 
0.5 

1,223,855 

1,317,275 

-7.1 

308,529 
237,830 

k? 

13,069 

8,154 

60.3 

228,242 

124,015 

84.0 

674,015 

947,276 

-28.8 

28,126 
31,881 
-18.1 

13,904 

11,864 

17.2 

96  8 

Per  cent  of  increase  * 

96.8 

Freight  and  passenger 

1916 
1906 

24.4 

Per  cent  of  increase 

17.5 

1916 
1906 

Per  cent  of  increase  • 

0.6 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels.... 

1916 
1906 

154 
75 

7.5 
3.5 

11.9 
7.5 

62.8 
73.0 

A. 

0.5 
0.6 

468 

278 

68.3 

1,652 
2,567 
-35.6 

74 

100 

-26.0 

42 
32 

14.8 
7.5 

52.1 

68.8 

2.3 
2.7 

1.3 
0.9 

18.1 
9.1 

1916 
1906 

1,470 
1,789 
-17.8 

124 

85 

71.7 
83.6 

6.1 
4.0 

53.3 

Per  cent  of  increase  * 

69.6 

Yachts                  

1916 
1906 

2  1 

2.3 

Miscellaneous 

Per  cent  of  increase  • 

1916 
1906 

22 
16 

1.1 
0.7 

1.1 
0.9 

'  X  minus  sign  (  — )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  -B-hen  base  is  less  than  100. 


'  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


Of  vessels  operating  on  canals  and  other  inland 
waters  of  the  United  States,  92.9  per  cent  were  used 
for  commercial  purposes  in  1916  and  95.3  per  cent  in 
1906,  the  unrigged  craft  representing  71.7  per  cent  of 
the  total  in  1916,  compared  with  83.6  per  cent  in 
1906.  The  tonnage  of  the  unrigged,  which  formed  91.5 
per  cent  of  the  total  in  1906,  decreased  to  85.7  per  cent 
in  1916,  and  their  value,  notwithstanding  a  slight 
actual  increase,  decreased  from  51.1  per  cent  of  the 
total  in  1906  to  41.4  per  cent  at  the  later  census. 
Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels  increased  actually  and 
relatively  during  the  decade  in  all  items  shown  in  the 
table. 

The  few  vessels  reported  besides  those  classified  as 
commercial  were  yachts  used  for  pleasure  and  mis- 
cellaneous kinds  of  vessels,  which  class  was  made  up  of 
craft  used  for  the  inspection,  repair,  and  care  of  rivers 
and  canals,  and  other  purposes. 

Table  9  shows,  by  occupation,  the  number,  tonnage, 
and  value  of  unrigged  vessels  for  1916  and  1906. 


Table  9.- 


-I'nrigged  Vessels,  by  Occutation,  with  Pek  Cent 
OF  Total:  1916  and  1906. 


OCCUPATION  AND  CENSUS  TEAK. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Per 
cent 

of 
total. 

Total: 

1916 

'1,470 
1,789 

100.0 

100.0 

168,312 
2:57,466 

100.0 
100.0 

$2,378,150 
2,344,31.8 

100.0 

1906. 

100.0 

Canal  boats: 

1916 

■1,056 
1,566 

414 

223 

71.8 
87.5 

28.2 
12.5 

134,390 
198,247 

33  922 

79.8 
83.5 

90.2 

1,288,315 
1,821,822 

1,089,835 
522,496 

54.3 

1906 

77.7 

All  other  unrigged: 
1916 

45.8 

1906 

39,219       16. 5 

22.3 

1  Exclusive  of  445  canal  boats  located  chiefly  in  New  York  Harbor. 

As  regards  the  number,  tonnage,  and  value  of  the 
unrigged  craft,  canal  boats  outranked  the  miscellane- 
ous craft  in  1916  as  in  1906,  although  at  a  reduced 
proportion,  their  value  decreasing  from  77.7  per  cent 
of  the  total  in  1906  to  54.2  per  cent  in  1916.  The 
miscellaneous  craft  consisted  largely  of  scows,  hghters, 
barges,  dredges,  etc. 


202 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


NTJMBEK   AND   TONNAGE   OF   VESSELS. 

Table  10  shows  vessels  grouped  according  to  gross 
tonnage,  by  division  and  class,  with  per  cent  of  in- 
crease, for  1916  and  1906. 

In  the  group  of  largest  tonnage — "1,000  to  2,499 
tons" — there  were  but  -i  vessels  in  1916  as  in  1906, 
representing  both  steam  and  imrigged  craft.  In  1916, 
3  of  these  vessels  were  operated  in  New  York  waters, 
and  1  of  1,195  tons  was  employed  in  other  inland 
waters;  in  1906  all  were  reported  from  New  York.  At 
both  censuses  the  largest  number  and  tonnage  of  ves- 


sels of  all  kinds  combined  were  in  the  group  of  "  100  to 
199  tons."  In  considering  number  of  vessels  only, 
the  group  "5  to  49  tons"  was  second.  In  1916,  78.9 
per  cent  of  the  number  of  steam  craft,  and  in  1906, 
66.5  per  cent,  were  reported  in  the  class  of  from  "5  to 
49  tons" ;  at  each  census  the  largest  proportion  of  un- 
rigged craft — 59.2  per  cent  in  1916  and  7.3.2  per  cent 
in  1906 — was  reported  in  the  group  "  100  to  199  tons. " 
Although  there  was  a  decrease  in  this  group  of  one- 
third  both  in  number  and  tonnage  of  vessels  from  1906 
to  1916,  it  led  all  other  groups  in  both  respects  in 
1916  as  in  1906. 


Table  10. 


-VESSELS  GROUPED  ACCORDING  TO  GROSS  TONNAGE,  BY  DIVISION  AND  CLASS,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF 

INCREASE:  1916  AND  1906. 


Cen- 
sus 
year. 

TOTAL. 

5  TO  49 
TONS. 

50  TO  99 
TONS. 

100  TO  199 
TONS. 

200  TO  299 
TONS. 

30O  TO  399 
TONS. 

400  TO  499 

TONS. 

500  TO  999 

TONS. 

1,000  TO  2,499 

TONS. 

DIVISION  AND  CLASS. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 

ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
ber of 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Num- 
t)erof 
ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
ton- 
nage. 

Total 

1916 
1906 

2,049 
2,140 

-4.3 

196.426 
259, 491 

-24.3 

685 
271 

152.8 

14.337 
5,184 

176.6 

260 

255 

2.0 

18.824 
20,505 

-8.2 

914 
1,371 

-33.3 

109.809 
164,817 

-33.4 

167 
187 

-10.7 

38,924 
43,435 

-10.4 

8 
32 

2,.5&3 
11,002 

-76.5 

1 
13 

4.50 
5,319 

-91.5 

10 

6.434 
4,634 

38.8 

4 
4 

5.06.5 

Per  cent  of  in- 

4,595 
10  2 

1916 
1906 

1916 

1906 

Steam  « 

574 
337 
70.3 

5 
14 

27,856 

21,507 

29.5 

258 

518 

-50.2 

168,312 

237,  466 

-29.1 

453 

224 

102.2 

3 
10 

229 
37 

8.633 
4.041 
113.6 

45 

126 

-64.3 

5,659 
1.017 
456.4 

61 
41 

4,301 

2,980 

443 

42 
59 

2 
2 

5, 562 
7,681 
-27.6 

213 
209 
1.9 

104.034 
156. 927 
-33.7 

11 
6 

2,708 
1,440 
88.1 

1 
2 

323 

667 

-51.6 

3 

2 

2,334 
1,634 
42.8 

3 

2 

Per  cent  of  increase  > . 

1 

469 

2.595 
53.9 

Sail 

2 

183 

Per  cent  of  increase  i . 

Unrigged . 

1916 
1S»6 

1916 
1906 

1.470 
1.7S9 
-17.8 

199 

212 

-6.1 

14.523 
17,342 
-16.3 

870 
1.310 
-33.6 

1.56 

181 

-13.8 

36.216 
41,995 
-13.8 

7 
30 

2,260 
10, 335 
-78.1 

1 
12 

4.50 

4.850 
-90.7 

7 
5 

4.100 
3,000 
36.7 

1 
2 

1.070 

Per  cent  of  increase ' . . 

2.000 
-48.5 

New  York  state 

Per   cent    of  in- 

978 
1,648 

-40.7 

11.5,290 
209, 152 

-44.9 

159 
105 

51.4 

3,  7.')5 
1,990 

88.7 

112 
193 

-42.0 

8,323 
16,244 

-48.8 

573 
1,153 

-50.3 

67.040 
136,313 

-50.8 

123 
174 

-29.3 

29,352 
40,676 

-27.8 

6 

1 

1,900 
300 

533.3 

1 
11 

450 
4,400 

-89.8 

1 

7 

600 
4,634 

-87.1 

3 

4 

3,870 
4,595 

-15.8 

1916 
1906 

Steam  =. 

170 
151 

12.6 

4 
13 

11.603 
14,127 

-17.9 

150 
495 

-69.7 

103,537 
194,530 

-46.8 

81,136 
50.339 

61.2 

116 
80 

3 
9 

40 
16 

526 
166 

216.9 

2,410 
1,523 

58.2 

45 
103 

-56.3 

1,300 
364 

257.1 

10.  582 
3,194 

231.3 

18 
17 

1,334 
1,145 

16.5 

28 
45 

1 
2 

3.613 
5,924 

-39.0 

105 
209 

-49.8 

63.322 
130. 180 

-51.4 

42,  769 
28, 504 

50.0 

6 

4 

1.446 
1.006 

43.7 

2 
2 

2,800 
2,595 

1 

300 

2 

1,634 

Per  cent   of  in- 
crease ' 

7.9 

SaU 

1916 
1906 

2 

183 

Per   cent    of  in- 
crease ' 

1916 
1906 

804 
1,484 

-45.8 

1,071 
492 

117.7 

94 

174 

-46.0 

148 
62 

6.989 
14,916 

-53.1 

10,501 
4,261 

146.4 

544 
1,106 

-50.8 

341 
218 

56.4 

117 
170 

-31.2 

44 
13 

27, 906 
39,670 

-29.7 

9,572 
2,759 

246.9 

6 

1.900 

1 
11 

450 
4,400 

-89.8 

1 
5 

9 

600 
3,000 

-80.0 

5,834 

1 
2 

1 

1,070 

2,000 

Per   cent   of  in- 
crease * 

—46  5 

All  OTHER  STATES 

1916 
1906 

2 
31 

683 
10,702 

-93.6 

1.195 

2 

919 

Per   cent    of  in- 

1916 
1906 

StAani  2 

404 
186 

117.2 

1 

1 

666 
305 

118.4 

16,253 
7,380 

120.2 

108 
23 

64.775 
42,936 

50.9 

337 
144 

134.0 

6,223 
2,518 

147.1 

43 
24 

2,967 
1,835 

61.7 

14 
14 

1 

1,949 
1,757 

10.9 

108 

5 
2 

1,262 
434 

190.8 

1 
1 

323 
367 

-12.0 

3 

2,334 

1 

1 

469 

Per  cent   of  in- 
crease'  

SaU 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1 

189 
21 

23 

4,359 
653 

567.5 

Unrigged 

105 
38 

7.534 
2,426 

210.6 

326 
204 

59.8 

40.712 
26,  747 

52.2 

39 
11 

8.310 
2,325 

257.4 

1 
30 

360 
10,335 

-96.5 

6 

3,500 

1 

450 

Per  cent   of  in- 
crease'  

'  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.    Percentages  are  omitted  when  base  is  less  tlian  100. 


'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


OWNERSHIP    OF    VESSELS. 

Table  11  shows  the  niunber,  gross  tonnage,  and 
value  of  vessels,  by  character  of  ownership,  for  1916 
and  1906. 

In  1906  vessels  under  individual  ownership  on  the 
inland  waters  of  the  United  States  ranked  first  in 
number  of  vessels,  gross  tonnage,  and  value,  but  in 
1916,  although  still  first  in  number,  they  were  second 


to  vessels  of  corporate  ownersliip  in  tonnage  and  in 
value.  In  1916  corporations  reported  46.6  per  cent 
of  the  total  tonnage  and  59.8  per  cent  of  the  value, 
compared  with  34  per  cent  and  45  per  cent,  respec- 
tively, in  1906.  The  value  of  vessels  reported  by 
corporations  increased  66.3  per  cent  during  the  10 
years,  while  their  number  increased  only  16.6  per  cent 
and  the  tonnage  3.7  per  cent. 


CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLAND  WATERS. 


203 


Table  11.— Number,  Gross  Tonnaoe,  and  Value  op  Vessels,  Table   12  shows  for  the  different  classes  of  vessels, 

BY  Character  OF  Ownership,  with  Per  Cent  of  Total:  1916       ^i.  i  i  ..  i  .•  i 

AND  1906.  the  number  and  gross   tonnage,  by  occupation  and 

character  of  ownership  for  1916  and  1906. 

At  the  census  of  1916  the  largest  number  of  steam 
freight  and  passenger  vessels  and  by  far  the  greatest 
tonnage  of  such  vessels  was  owned  by  corporations, 
thus  not  only  reversing  the  conditions  in  1906  in  point 
of  number,  but  increasing  the  precedence  in  point  of 
tonnage.  Corporation  ownership  of  steam  tugs  and 
other  towing  vessels  predominated,  both  in  number 
and  in  tonnage,  at  both  censuses,  but  leadership  in 
ferryboats  changed  from  corporate  ownership  in  190G 
to  individual  ownership  in  1916.  Yachts  were  princi- 
pally owned  by  individuals  both  in  1916  and  1906. 
At  both  censuses  a  greater  proportion  of  the  number 
and  tonnage  of  the  unrigged  craft  was  owned  by  indi- 
viduals, although  the  proportions  were  greatly  de- 
creased at  the  later  census. 

Table  12.— NUMBER  AND  GROSS  TONNAGE  OF  VESSELS,  BY  CHARACTER  OF  OWNERSHIP  AND  BY  OCCUPATION: 

1916  AND  1906. 


VESSELS. 

TONNAGE. 

VALUE  OF 
VESSELS. 

OWNEKSHIP  AND  CENSUS 
YEAB. 

Num- 
ber. 

I'er 

cent 

of 

total. 

Gross 
tous. 

Per 
cent 

or 

total. 

Amount. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Total: 

1916 

2,049 
2,140 

100.0 
100.0 

196, 426     100.  0 
259,491     inn  0 

$5,744,486 
4,586,791 

100.0 

1906  

100  0 

Individual: 

1916           

920 
1,328 

217 
83 

812 
696 

100 
33 

44.9 
62.1 

10.6 
3.9 

39.6 
32.5 

4.9 
1.5 

87,994 
160,359 

11,714 

7,993 

91,569 
88,331 

5,149 
2,808 

44.8 
61.8 

6.0 
3.1 

46.6 
34.0 

2.6 
1.1 

1,740,792 
2,320,100 

343, 800 
125,200 

3,432,776 
2,064,641 

227,118 
76,850 

30  3 

1906     

50.6 

Firm: 
1916 

60 

1906     

2.7 

Incorporated  company: 

1916     

59.8 

1906             

45.0 

All  other: 

1916      

4.0 

1906 

1.7 

Census 
year. 

TOTAL. 

INDIVIDUAL. 

FIKH. 

INCORPORATED 
COMPANY. 

.4LL  OTHEB. 

CLASS  AND  OCCUPATION. 

Number 
of 

vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Number 

of 
vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Number 

of 
vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Number 

of 
vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Number 

of 
vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Total                                                  

1916 
1906 

1916 
19U6 

1S116 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1908 

1916 

1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

2,049 
2,140 

196, 426 
259,491 

920 
1,328 

87,994 
160,3,i9 

217 
83 

Il,7f4 
7,993 

812 
696 

91,569 
88,331 

lOO 
33 

5,149 

2,sns 

574 
337 

27,856 
21,507 

276 
191 

7,915 
8,  .557 

60 
22 

1,296 
85S 

214 
114 

17,880 
11,698 

24 
10 

765 

394 

260 
166 

1.54 
75 

17 
5 

121 
75 

22 
16 

5 

14 

18,946 
16,477 

5,958 
2,733 

503 
307 

1,884 
1,284 

565 
706 

258 

518 

102 
85 

50 
28 

10 

4,  109 
6,046 

L.TOfi 
1,035 

235 

24 
12 

16 
5 

2 
1 

9 
2 

9 
2 

694 
618 

328 
59 

27 
5 

75 
15 

172 
161 

134 
66 

73 
38 

3 
4 

4 
2 

14, 0.83 
9,577 

3. 539 
1,519 

\M 
302 

74 
19 

3 

15 
4 

2 

236 
495 

Ferryboats ...                

120 
57 

108 
69 

6 
9 

S 
14 

1,7.15 
1,226 

1.80 
250 

258 
518 

2 

7 

1 

24 

213 

Sail                                             

4 

2S1 

14 

2 

4 

3 

10 

1,470 
1,789 

138 
326 

120 
192 

168,312 
237,466 

2 
4 

3 
10 

6.39 
1,123 

138 
326 

120 
192 

79,821 
151,284 

157 
61 

10,418 
7,135 

598 
582 

«_ 

73,689 
76,633 

76 
23 

4,3S4 

2,414 

'  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


'  Exclusive  of  three  fishing  vessels,  :is  fishing  vessels  were  not  included  in  1906. 


CONSTKUCTION. 


Table  13  shows  the  number,  gross  tonnage,  and 
value  of  vessels,  by  character  of  construction,  for  the 
years  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 

In  1916  there  were  only  44  boats  constructed  of 
metal  operating  on  canals  and  other  inland  waters 
and  of  this  number  37  were  steam  vessels  and  7  un- 
rigged.   The  vessels  of  composite  construction  formed 


a  very  small  proportion  of  the  total,  both  in  1916  and 
1906,  only  13,  with  a  tonnage  of  947,  being  reported 
in  1916,  and  6,  with  a  tonnage  of  188,  in  1906.  All  of 
these  in  1916  and  all  except  1  in  1906  were  steam 
vessels.  No  vessels  of  composite  construction  were 
reported  in  18S9. 

The  number  of  steam  vessels  of  aU  kinds  operating 
on  canals  and  other  inland  waters  increased  by  237,  or 
70.3    per  cent,  from   1906  to    1916;  the   tonnage  in- 


204 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


creased    6,349,     or    29.5   per    cent;    and    the    value      relative  gains  were  greater  during  the  period  from  1889 


1,132,013,  or  50.9  per  cent.     Except  in  tonnage,  the 


to  1906. 


Table  13.— NUMBER.  GROSS  TONNAGE,  AND  VALUE  OF  VESSELS.  BY  CHARACTER  OF  CONSTRUCTION:  1916,  1906, 

AND  1889. 


Census 
year. 

TOT.IL. 

METAL. 

WOOD. 

COMPOSITE. 

CLASS  AND  OCCCPATIOII. 

Nural'Cr 
ot  ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Number 
of  ves- 
sels. 

Cross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Numlier 
of  ves- 
sels. 

Grass 
tonnage. 

Value  ot 
vessels. 

Number 
of  ves- 
sels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
veiwols. 

Total 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 

1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 

1889 

1916 
190<j 
1889 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 
1889 

2,049 
2.140 

6,575 

196,426 
259,491 
996, 1)29 

$5,744,486 

4.586,791 
6,138,914 

44 

22 
6 

8,165 
6,705 
1,404 

$1,3.83,297 
767,313 
109.000 

1,992 
2,112 
6,569 

187,314 
252,598 
995,225 

$4,209,334 
3,800,176 
6,029,914 

13 
6 

947 
188 

$151,835 

19,300 

steam  *.            

574 
337 
163 

27,  .«6 
21,507 
19,223 

3,3.57.086 

2. 225, 673 

790. 000 

37 
12 
6 

7,836 
5,103 
1,404 

1,274,872 
673,325 
109,000 

524 
320 
137 

19,073 
16,319 
17,819 

1,930,979 

1,533,848 

681,000 

13 
5 

947 
85 

151,835 
18,500 

Freight  and  passenger 

260 
166 
150' 

15-1 
75 
6 

5 

121 
75 
3 

22 
16 
3 

5 
14 
25 

18,946 
16,477 
1.8, 174 

5,958 

2,733 

652 

503 

307 

5 

1,884 

74 

565 
706 
318 

258 

518 

1,925 

2,220,927 

1,281,737 

690,500 

681,690 

361,464 

61,000 

64,750 

86,500 

1,500 

343,269 

460, 322 

19,000 

47,050 
35,650 
18,000 

8,650 
16,800 
36,800 

20 
5 
6 

13 
4 

6,862 
4,386 
1,404 

756 
534 

1,084,338 
489,  025 
109,000 

143,  .534 
92,000 

230 
161 
144 

140 
67 
6 

16 
5 
1 

117 
71 
3 

21 
16 
3 

5 

14 
25 

11,392 
12.091 
16, 770 

4,974 

2,139 

652 

332 

307 

5 

1,822 

1,076 

74 

553 

706 
318 

258 

518 

1,925 

1,018,5.89 
792,112 
681,500 

513,821 
254,964 
61,000 

39,750 

86,500 

1,500 

314,769 

364,622 

19,000 

44,  aw 

33,630 
18,000 

8,650 
16,800 
36,800 

10 

692 

118,000 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels.. 

1 
4 

228 
60 

24,335 
14,500 

1 

171 

25,000 

2 
3 

35 
183 

19,000 
91,700 

2 
1 

27 
25 

9,500 
4,000 

1 

12 

3,000 

Sail    

2 
4 

25 

3 

10 

1,470 
1,7S9 
0, 3S7 

138 

326 

1,925 

120 
192 

168.312 
Zi7. 466 
975,481 

1.700 

2.250 

36,800 

6, 9.50 
14,550 

2,378.150 
2,314,318 
5.3;2, 114 

2 
4 
25 

3 

10 

1,463 
1,778 
0,387 

138 

326 

1,925 

120 
192 

167,983 
235. 701 
975.481 

1,700 

2,2.50 

36,800 

6,950 
14.550 

2, 269, 725 
2.  24'.',  528 
5,312,114 

Yachts .           ... 

Unrigged' 

7 
10 

323 
1,602 

108.425 
93,990 

1 

103 

800 

1  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 

'  The  character  of  construction  of  unrigged  crafl  was  not  reported  in  1889,  but  for  purposes  cf  comparison  in  tliis  table  all  were  assumed  to  be  of  wood. 


Considering  separately  the  class  of  steam  vessels  of 
metal  construction  operating  on  these  inland  waters, 
the  absolute  and  relative  increase  in  number  during 
the  period  from  1906  to  1916,  25,  or  208.3  per  cent, 
and  the  absolute  increase  in  value,  S601,547,  were 
greater  than  the  corresponding  increases  from  1889  to 
1906.  The  earher  period,  however,  showed  greater 
absolute  and  relative  increases  in  tonnage,  3,699,  or 
263.5  per  cent,  and  a  greater  relative  increase  in  value, 
517.7  per  cent. 

The  increase  in  niunber  of  wooden  steam  vessels  in 
1916  over  those  reported  for  1906  was  204,  or  63.8  per 
cent,  compared  with  a  gain  of  163,  or  103. S  per  cent, 
from  1889  to  1906.  The  tonnage  increased  during  the 
later  period  by  2,754  tons,  or  16.9  per  cent,  compared 
with  a  decrease  of  1,500,  or  8.4  per  cent,  for  the  pre- 
ceding period.  The  value  of  these  wooden  vessels 
increased  §397,131,  or  25.9  per  cent,  from  1906  to  1916, 
compared  with  $852,848,  or  125.2  per  cent,  from  1889 
to  1906.  Comparing  the  increase  in  the  use  of 
metal  steam  craft  with  the  increase  in  that  of 
wooden  vessels,  the  gain  in  number  of  wooden  vessels 
operated  was  greater  during  both  periods.     In  ton- 


nage the  absolute  gain  was  greater  for  wooden  vessels 
from  1906  to  1916,  but  the  absolute  increase  in  value 
of  metal  vessels  exceeded  that  reported  for  wooden 
vessels  for  the  same  period. 

Table  14  shows  the  number,  tonnage,  and  value  of 
canal  boats,  by  character  of  construction,  for  1916 
and  1906. 


Table  14. 


-Canal  Boats,  by  Character  of  Construction  : 
1016  AND  190G. 


CONSTRUCTION  AND  CENSDS  TEAR. 

Number 

of 
vessels. 

Gross 
tonnage. 

Value  of 
vessels. 

Total: 

1916 

11,066 
1,566 

134,390 
198,247 

$1,288,315 

1906                                 

1,821,822 

Metal: 

iqi6                                                

1906 

9 

1,056 
1,556 

602 

134,390 
197,542 

18,500 

Wood: 

1916 

1,288,315 

1906      

1,802,522 

Composite: 

1916                                      

1906        .             

1 

103 

800 

1  Exclusive  of  445  canal  boats  located  chiefly  in  New  York  Harbor. 

During   the   10  years    1906-1916    the    number    of 
canal  hoats  decrea.??d  P.2.Q  per  cent,  their  total  ton- 


CAN.^LS  AND  OTHER  INLAND  WATERS. 


205 


nage  32.2  per  cent,  and  their  total  value  29.3  per  cent. 
The  table  does  not  include  figures  for  steam  vessels 
operating  wholly  on  canals. 


Table  15  shows  the  average  tonnage  and  value 
per  vessel  and  the  average  value  per  ton,  by  char- 
acter of  construction,  for  1916,  1906,  and  1889. 


Table  15.— AVERAGE  GROSS  TONNAGE  AND  VALUE  PER  VESSEL  AND  A\T:RAGE  VALUE  PER  TON: 

1916,  1906,  AND  1889. 


Census 
year. 

TOTAL. 

METAL. 

WOOD. 

COHFOSITE. 

CLASS  AND  OOCUPATIOX. 

Average 
tonnage 

per 
vessel. 

.\verage 

value  per 

vessel. 

.\vcrage 
value 
per  ton. 

~va 

v&         "^^^ 

Average 

value 
per  ton. 

.\verage 
tonnage 

vessel. 

.\verage 

value  per 

vessel. 

Average 

value 
per  ton. 

tonnage 

per 
vesseL 

Average 

value  per 

vessel. 

value 
per  ton. 

Total 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
18S9 

1916 
1906 
13S9 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 
1906 
1889 

1916 

1906 
1SS9 

1916 
1906 
1889 

96 
121 
152 

t2,304 

2,143 

934 

$29 

18 
6 

186 
305 
234 

$31,439 

34,878 
IS. 167 

$169 
114 

78 

94 
120 

152 

$2,113 

1,799 

918 

$22 
13 
6 

73 
31 

$11,680 
3,217 

$160 

103 

steam ' 

49 
64 
118 

5,850           121 
6,604            103 
4,847              41 

212         34,456 
425         56,110 
234         18, 167 

163 
132 

78 

36 
51 
114 

3,685 
4,793 
4,338 

101           7:1  1     11  »ta 

160 

94 
38 

17          3,700 

218 

73 
99 
121 

39 
36 
109 

30 

61 

3 

16 

17 
1           25 

26 
44 
106 

52 
37 
77 

8,542  ■          117 

7,721  ;            78 

■      4,603              38 

343         .i4.2I7 

15S 
112 

7S 

190 
172 

50 
75 

4,429 
4  020 

89 
66 
35 

103 
119 
94 

120 
282 
300 

173 
339 
257 

80 
50 
57 

34 

32 

69        11  800 

171 

877 
234 

58 
133 

97,025 
18,167 

11,041 
23,000 

116          4  0.18 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels 

4,426 
4,820 
10,167 

3,809 

17,3lX) 

1,500 

2,837 
6,138 
6,333 

2,139 
2,228 
6,000 

1,730 
1,200 
1,472 

114 
132 
94 

129 
2S2 
300 

182 
358 
257 

83 
50 
57 

34 
32 
19 

36 
32 
109 

21 

61 

5 

16 
15 
25 

26 
44 
106 

52 
37 
77 

3,670 
3,805 
10,167 

2,484 

17,300 

1,300 

2,690 
5,136 
6,333 

2,098 
2,228 
6,000 

1,730 
1,200 
1.472 

228 
13 

24,335 
3,625 

107 

242 

171 

25,000 

146 

Yachts 

18 
61 

9,300 
30,567 

543 
501 

14 
25 

4,750 
4,000 

352 

160 

12 

3,000 

230 

SaiL 

19 

] 

'           69 
1            82 
i           77 

40 
19 

850 

562 

1,472 

2,317 
1,455 

12 
7 
19 

58 
76 

69 

82 

830 

.■562 

12 
7 
19 

58 
76 

1 

77  i         1   472 

Yachts                  

40 
19 

2,317 
1,455 

1 

114 
133 
153 

1,618 

1,310 

832 

14 
10 
5 

1            *'' 
\         160 

15,489 
9,399 

330 
59 

115 
132 
153 

1,551 

1,265 

832 

14 
10 

103 

800 

8 

1 

1 

>  Includes  craft  propelled  by  machinery. 


The  average  tonnage  per  vessel  for  all  classes  com- 
bined has  decreased  at  each  census  since  1889,  while, 
on  the  other  hand,  the  average  value  per  vessel  and 
per  ton  has  increased.  The  average  tonnage  and 
the  average  value  per  vessel  of  metal  construction 
increased  during  the  earher  period  but  decreased 
during  the  later,  while  the  average  value  per  ton 
increased  continuously.  The  average  tonnage  of 
wooden  vessels  decreased  from  census  to  census, 
but  the  average  value  per  vessel  and  average  value 
per  ton  increased.  The  several  averages  for  vessels 
of  composite  construction  mcreased  noticeably  during 
the  10  years  from  1906  to  1916. 

The  details  of  averages  for  metal  steam  vessels  agree, 
in  the  general  trend,  with  all  metal  craft,  but  the 
average  value  per  vessel  of  wooden  steam  craft  shows 
a  decrease  from  1906  to  1916,  although  the  contrary 
is  true  of  the  sho\ving  for  the  total  for  wooden  vessels 
of  all  kinds. 


All  craft  of  composite  construction  operatmg  on 
canals  and  all  other  inland  waters  in  1916  were  steam 
vessels.  In  1906  one  unrigged  craft  of  this  construc- 
tion was  reported,  which  has  since  ceased  operating  as 
an  active  craft.  The  average  value  per  vessel  of  the 
composite  steam  craft  shows  a  smaller  increase  during 
the  10  years  than  the  showing  for  the  composite 
vessels  as  a  whole,  and  the  average  value  per  ton  has 
actually  decreased. 

The  total  averages  for  sailing  craft,  all  of  which 
were  of  wooden  construction,  show  an  increase  in 
the  tonnage  and  value  per  vessel  during  the  period 
1906  to  1916,  following  a  decrease  for  the  previous 
period.  The  average  value  per  ton  has  contmuously 
increased. 

The  continuing  decrease  of  average  tonnage  per 
vessel  is  shown  also  in  the  totals  for  unrigged  craft, 
with  increases  in  the  average  value  per  vessel  and 
per  ton.     These  conditions  are  specially  marked  in 


206 


TR.\XSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


unrigged  craft  of  metal  construction,  the  increase  from 
1906  to  1916  in  average  value  per  vessel  of  tliis  con- 
struction being  64.8  per  cent  and  in  average  value 
per  ton  459.3  per  cent.  Average  tonnage  per  vessel 
of  the  wooden  unrigged  craft  decreased  at  each  census, 
but  the  average  value  per  vessel  and  per  ton  increased. 
The  composite  type  of  unrigged,  for  which  averages 
were  sho'mi  for  1906,  was  not  reported  for  1916. 

Considering  the  craft  by  occupations,  the  averages 
for  ferryboats  of  all  classes  of  construction  combined, 
a-s  well  as  for  those  of  wooden  construction,  show 
marked  decreases  from  1906  to  1916.  Ferryboats  of 
metal  construction  appeared  in  1916  for  the  first 
time,  with  large  averages  per  vessel.  The  average 
tonnage  for  the  freight  and  passenger  steam  vessels 
decreased  at  each  census,  but  the  average  values  per 
vessel  and  per  ton  increased,  due  principally  to  the 
introduction  of  vessels  of  the  composite  type. 

The  averages  for  steam  yachts  decreased  at  each 
census,  except  that  the  average  value  per  ton  showed 
an  increase  from  1889  to  1906.  The  average  value 
per  ton  of  steam  yachts  of  metal  construction  in- 
creased from  1906  to  1916,  as  well  as  the  average 
tonnage  of  yachts  of  wooden  construction  and  the 
average  value  per  vessel  and  per  ton  of  yachts  of 
composite  construction. 

Steam  tugs  and  other  towing  vessels  of  composite 
construction  show  a  very  great  increase  in  average 
tonnage  and  value  per  vessel,  far  exceeding  freight 
and  passenger  vessels  in  these  averages  for  1916.  The 
average  value  per  ton,  however,  decreased. 

INCOME. 

Table  16  shows  the  income  from  vessels  operatmg 
on  the  canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York 
state  and  of  all  other  stat^  for  1916  and  1906. 

The  increase  from  1906  to  1916  in  total  gross  income 
of  all  craft  was  S221,752,  or  5.6  per  cent,  due  principally 
to  an  increase  in  receipts  from  miscellaneous  som-ces, 
which  included  towing,  lightering,  and  dredging. 
There  was  a  considerable  decrease  in  the  income  from 
freight,  although  the  receipts  from  this  latter  source 
still  form  the  largest  item  of  income  and,  notwithstand- 
ing its  relative  importance,  dropped  from  70.4  per 
cent  of  the  total  in  1906  to  48  per  cent  in  1916. 

Canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York  state 
reported  51.2  per  cent  of  the  total  income  in  1916; 
57.2  per  cent  of  the  income  from  freight;  2.3.2  per  cent 
of  the  income  from  passengers;  and  54.7  per  cent  of 
the  income  from  miscellaneous  sources.  This  is  a 
marked  change  from  the  showing  for  1906,  when  the 
percentages  were  70.3,  78.9,  61.6,  and  43,  respectively. 

The  great  bulk  of  the  total  income  and  of  that  from 
freight  and  miscellaneous  sources  was  reported  by  tow- 
ing vessels  and  unrigged  craft.  The  decrease  in  total 
receipts  for  this  class  of  craft  is  due  whoUy  to  the  reduc- 
tion in  transportation  on  the  canals  and  other  inland 
waters  of  New  York  state.  The  increase  in  total  re- 
ceipts of  craft  operating  on  the  inland  waters  of  aU 


other  states  was  $864,799,  or  73.5  per  cent.  The 
increase  hi  total  receipts  of  towing  vessels  and  un- 
rigged craft  reported  from  these  waters  was  $491,936, 
or  61.7  per  cent.  In  1916  these  receipts  were  divided 
between  freight,  53.3  per  cent,  and  miscellaneous 
sources,  46.7  per  cent;  the  receipts  from  the  passen- 
ger traffic  of  these  craft  were  insignificant. 

Table  16. — Gross  Income — All  Vessels  and  Craft,  Exclusive 
OF  Fishing  Vessels,  by  Divisions  and  Occupation,  with  Per 
Cent  of  Increase:  1916  and  1906. 


DIVISION,  OCCUPATION,  AND  CENSUS  TEAR. 


Total: 
1916. 
1906. 


Per  cent  of  increase '. 


$4,179,481 

3, 957, 729 

5.6 


Freight  and  passenger— 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase  ^ 

To\«ing  vessels  and  unrigged  craft- 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase ' 

All  other— 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase  • 


New  York  state: 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase ' 


Freight  and  passenger — 

1916 

1900 

Per  cent  of  Increase  > 

To\ving  vessels  and  unrigged  craft — 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase' 

All  other— 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase' 

All  other  states: 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase 


Freight  and  passenger— 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase ' 

Towing  vessels  and  unrigged  craft- 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase ' 

All  other— 

1916 

1906 

Per  cent  of  increase ' 


Total. 


974,925 

713,020 

36.7 

3,122,779 

3,186,462 

-2.0 

81,777 

58,247 

40.4 


138,557 

781,601 

-23.1 


280,888 

387,489 

-27.5 

,833,346 

1,388,965 

-23.3 

24,323 
5,150 
372.3 

i,  040, 924 

,176,125 

73.6 


12,004,189 

2, 787, 696 

-28.1 


694,037 

325,531 

113.2 

,289,433 

797,497 

61.7 

57,454 

53,097 

8.2 


Freight. 


S62.S,092 

429,393 

46.3 


259,833 

293,686 

-11.5 

1,735,494 

2,489,290 

-30.3 

8,862 
4,720 
87.8 


1,146,162 

2,198,920 

-4"  - 


98,05: 
108,648 


1,048,105 

2,090,272 

-49.9 


858,02: 

588, 776 

45. 


161,776 

185,038 

-12.6 

687,389 

399,018 

(2.3 

8,862 
4,720 
87.8 


Pas- 
senger. 


$1,547,200 
740,640 
108.9 


606,825 

388,370 

56.2 

881 
7,013 
-87.4 

20,386 
34,010 
-40.1 


145,509 

264,39: 

-45.0 


142,138 

259,037 

-45.1 

800 
1,350 
-40.8 

2,571 
4,010 
-35.9 

482,583 

164,996 

192.5 


464,68: 

129,333 

259.3 

81 
5,663 
-98.6 

17,815 
30,000 
—40.6 


All 
Other. 


108, 267 
30,964 
249.7 

1,386,404 

690, 159 

100.9 

52,529 

19,517 

169.1 


846,886 

318,287 

166.1 


40,693 
19,804 
105.5 

784,441 

297,343 

163.8 

21,752 

1,140 

1,808.1 

700,314 

422,353 

65.8 


67,574 
11,160 
505.5 

601,963 

392,816 

S3. 2 

30,777 

18,377 

67.5 


'  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 

Diagram  -i. — Gross  Income — Ail  Vessels  and  Craft,  Exclu- 
sn'E  OF  Fishing  Vessels,  by  Division  and  Sottsce  op  Income: 
1916  AND  1906. 


N(W  VOBK  6TATE 


■  eie 
tsoe 


isie 
leoe 


^^^^^W...............^ 


Y////////////// 


i 


^^"" 


HUNOaEOC   OF    r>40u6AN0S   or   DOLl^AFtS 


PASSENGER 


CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLAND  WATERS. 


207 


Diagram  5. — Gross  Income — All  Vessels  and  Ceaft,  Exclu- 
sive OF  Fishing  Vessels,  by  Dh'ision  and  Occupation:  1916 
and  1906. 


HEW  Yonx   <^Ti'i: 

^^\^W//////A 

■  ■  w 

>^Mff/mn/m  '  ■ 

<^_„_ 

\\:  "     ■  r 

-^ 

20 

MurvoneOS  Of  THOUSANDS  OF  OOCi-APS 

«»€|QXT    AMO    A»ste»»GCR  ^^^^TOWINO  *«0  UNBiQOEO 


EMPLOYEES    AND    SALARIES    AND  WAGES. 

Table  17  shows  the  number  of  employees  and  sal- 
aries and  wages  for  canals  and  other  inland  waters  of 
New  York  state  and  of  all  other  states,  by  divisions, 
for  1916  and  1906. 


Table  17. 


-Employees  and  Salaries  and  Wages,  by  Divisions: 
1916  AND  1906. 


DmSIOS,  EMPLOYEES,  AND  CENSUS  TEAK. 

Number 
of  em- 
ployees. 

Salaries 
and  wages. 

Total: 

1916 

3,674 
4,118 

$1,474,378 
1,543,486 

1906 

On  vessels: 

1916 

3,168 
3,731 

506 
387 

198 
126 

308 
261 

1,263,885 
1  361  030 

1906..   .                                                      

On  land: 

1916 

210, 493 

1906..                  

182, 456 

Officers,  managers,  clerks,  etc.: 

1916 

130,266 
81  497 

1906 

AU  other: 

1916 

80,227 

1906 

100,959 

New  York  state: 

1916 

1,656 
2,710 

1,490 
2,472 

166 
238 

74 
92 

92 
146 

2,01S 
1,408 

1,678 
1,259 

340 
149 

124 

34 

216 
115 

674.220 

1906 

1,020,715 

On  vessels— 

1916 

590,788 
920,260 

83,432 

1906 

On  land— 

1916 

1906                   

100,455 
50,015 

Officers,  managers,  clerks,  etc.: 

1916 

1906 

51,695 

AU  other 

1916 

33,417 

1906 

45,760 

800,158 
522, 771 

.411  other  states: 

1916                                   ,              

1906 

On  vessels— 
1916. 

673,097 
440,  770 

1906 

On  land— 

1916  . 

127, 061 

1906 

82,001 

Officers,  managers,  clerks,  etc.— 

1916 

80,251 

1906 

28,802 

All  other— 

1916 

46,810 

1906 

55,199 

The  total  number  of  employees  and  the  amount  paid 
in  salaries  and  wages  decreased  from  1906  to  1916. 
These  decreases,  however,  were  confined  to  the  canals 
and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York  state.  The  total 
nimiber  of  employees  decreased  444,  or  10.8  per  cent; 


salaries  and  wages,  which  included  board  and  lodging, 
$69,108,  or  4.8  per  cent.  For  canals  and  other  inland 
waters  of  New  York  state  the  number  of  employees  in 
1916  decreased  1,054,  or  38.9  per  cent,  and  the  salaries 
and  wages  $346,495,  or  33.9  per  cent. 

The  number  of  employees  on  vessels  in  1916  formed 
86.2  per  cent  of  the  total  employees,  compared  with 
90.6  per  cent  in  1906,  and  their  salaries  and  wages  con- 
stituted 85.7  per  cent  of  the  total  in  1916  and  88.2  per 
cent  in  1906.  In  1916  canals  and  other  inland  waters 
of  New  York  state  had  a  total  of  1,656  employees — 
17.9  per  cent  less  than  the  number  reported  for  all 
other  inland  waters — and  their  salaries  and  wages 
amounted  to  $674,220,  or  15.7  per  cent  less  than  for 
the  latter  division,  and  represented  45.1  per  cent  of  the 
total  number  of  employees  and  45.7  per  cent  of  the 
total  salaries  and  wages.  In  1906  New  York  state  had 
a  total  nimiber  of  2,710  employees,  with  salaries  and 
wages  of  .$1,020,715,  these  being,  respectively,  65.8  and 
66.1  per  cent  of  all  reported. 

In  showing  number  and  compensation  of  employees, 
no  distinction  has  been  made  between  wage  earners 
and  officers  and  clerks  on  vessels,  but  this  segregation 
has  been  made  for  employees  on  land.  Of  the  land 
force  in  1916,  39.1  per  cent  were  officers,  managers, 
clerks,  etc.,  compared  with  32.6  per  cent  in  1906;  and 
their  salaries  constituted  61.9  per  cent  of  the  total 
salaries  and  wages  paid  on  land,  compared  with  44.7 
per  cent  in  1906. 

CHARACTER    OF    PROPUT.SION    AND    HORSEPOWER. 

Table  18  shows,  for  vessels  propelled  by  machinery 
on  canals  and  all  other  inland  waters,  the  occupation, 
character  of  propulsion,  and  horsepower  of  engines  for 
1916  and  1906. 

Table  18. — Character  of  Propulsion  and  Horsepower  op 
Vessels  Propelled  by  M.4.chinery,  by  Occupation:  1916  and 
1906. 


CHARACTER  OF  PROPULSION. 

HOBSEPOWEB  OF  ENGINES. 

OCCUPATION  AND 
CENSUS  TEAK. 

Total. 

Screw 
(num- 
ber). 

Side 
wheel 

(num- 
ber). 

Stem 
wheel 
(num- 
ber). 

Total. 

Steam. 

Oaso. 
line. 

AU 

other. 

Total: 

1916 

1906 

574 
337 

464 
285 

14 
18 

96 
34 

43,085 
28,128 

35,160 
28,402 

7,925 
1,708 

■  "ia 

Freight  and  passen- 
ger: 
1916 

260 
166 

154 

75 

17 
5 

121 
75 

22 
16 

218 
129 

121 
68 

8 
2 

no 

73 

7 
13 

6 
13 

S 
2 

3 
3 

36 
24 

28 
5 

6 

11 
2 

15 

3 

25,800 
17,324 

11,486 
5,283 

58« 
822 

4,618 
4,111 

595 
586 

22,10* 
17,028 

10,933 
4)988 

214 
822 

1,661 
3,061 

248 
503 

3,696 
296 

553 

295 

372 

1906 

Tugs  and  othertow- 
ing  vessels: 
1916     

1906 

Ferryboats: 

1916 

1906 

Yachts: 

1916 

2,957 
1,034 

347 

83 

1906 

18 

Miscellaneous: 
1^16 

1906 

Vessels  fitted  with  screw  propellers  greatly  pre- 
dominated, representing  80.8  per  cent  of  the  total  in 
1916,  compared  with  84.6  per  cent  in  1906. 


208 


TR.^NSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


The  steam  horsepower  formed  81.6  per  cent  of  the 
total  in  1916,  the  proportion  having  decreased  from 
93.9  per  cent  in  1906.  The  proportion  which  the  hoi-se- 
power  of  gasoline  engines  formed  of  the  total  increased 
from  6.1  per  cent  in  1906  to  18.4  per  cent  in  1916.  In 
1906  gasoline  engines  were  used  most  extensively  by 
yachts,  but  in  1916  by  freight  and  passenger  vessels. 

FREIGHT. 

In  considering  the  statistics  of  freight,  it  must  be 
remembered  that  the  figureswere  obtainedfrom  owners 
and  managers  of  craft  plying  either  wholly  or  in  part 
on  the  canals  and  other  inland  waterways  of  the  states, 
and  not  from  official  records  or  clearances  kept  by 
canal  or  other  authorities.  Under  Census  Office 
methods  the  freight  of  a  boat  operating  on  canals  is 
classified  according  to  the  waters  on  which  the  greater 
part  of  its  freight  is  carried  or  the  greater  part  of  its 
time  is  spent.  Thus,  all  the  freight  boats  operating 
partly  on  canals  or  other  inland  waterways  of  New 
York  state  but  carrying  more  freight  or  spending  a 
greater  part  of  the  season  on  the  navigable  rivers  or  in 
the  harbors  of  New  York  are  included  under  subdivi- 
sions of  waters  other  than  canals  and  other  inland 
waters  of  New  York  state;  as,  for  instance,  under  the 
Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico  section  of  this 
report.  The  statistics,  therefore,  do  not  show  sepa- 
rately all  the  freight  carried  on  the  canals  and  inland 
waters  of  the  state. 

Tables  1  and  30  are  the  only  tables  of  this  section 
showing  the  amount  of  freight  lightered.  Some  of 
this  lightering  was  done  on  the  different  canals  of 
New  York  state  and  some  in  the  harbors  of  New 
York  and  Buffalo.  The  total  lighterage  returned  for 
the  canals  and  other  inland  waters  of  New  York 
state  in  1916  was  296,982  tons,  and  that  for  all  other 
inland  waters,  219,871  tons.  In  1906  this  lighterage 
amounted  to  209,590  tons  for  canals  and  all  other 
inland  waters  of  New  York  state  and  18,300  tons  for 
all  other  inland  waters. 

Table  19  shows  the  quantities  of  the  various  kinds 
of  commodities  shipped  for  1916  and  1906. 

Table  19. — Freight  Shipped,  by  Commodities:  1916  and  1906. 


COMMODITT. 

QUANTITY  (TONS  OF 
2,01)0  POUNDS). 

1916 

1906 

2,542,626 

3,716,765 

' 

2,640 

17,054 

933,961 

40 

2,903 

11,119 

80,426 

70,243 

16, 871 

>  166,405 

2,315 

» 1,072 

3,281 

25,673 

903,640 

304,983 

1,110 

79,  754 

Coal                

899,593 

1,413 

Flour       

4,696 

15, 867 

499,340 

Ice          

71,029 

36, 612 

•369,576 

7,729 

•592 

7,775 

11,750 

924, 351 

785,578 

1  Equals  112,199  M  feet. 
'Equals  226,752  M  feet. 

'  Equal 
*  Equal 

!  5,418  barrels 
i  2,630  barrels 

The  total  quantity  of  freight  shipped  in  1916  was 
less  than  the  amount  shipped  in  1906  by  1,174,139 
tons,  or  31.6  per  cent,  due  principally  to  the  decrease 
in  the  amount  of  grain,  lumber,  and  miscellaneous 
merchandise  shipped — 83.9  per  cent  for  grain,  55  per 
cent  for  lumber,  and  61.2  per  cent  for  miscellaneous 
merchandise.  Coal  was  the  principal  commodity 
shipped  in  1916,  constituting  36.7  per  cent  of  all 
shipments  reported,  and  stone,  sand,  etc.,  was  second, 
with  35.5  per  cent.  In  1906,  stone,  sand,  etc.,  was 
first,  with  24.9  per  cent  of  the  total,  and  coal  second, 
with  24.2  per  cent. 

Freight  on  inland  waterways  of  New  York. — The 
statistics  in  Tables  20,  21 ,  and  22,  for  canals  only,  were 
taken  from  the  Report  of  the  Superintendent  of  Pub- 
Uc  Works  of  the  State  of  New  York,  1916.  They  do 
not  include  freight  carried  on  the  other  inland  waters 
of  the  state,  as  the  census  statistics  do. 

Table  20  shows  the  total  number  of  tons  of  freight 
carried  on  the  canals  of  New  York  state  in  1916  and 
1906. 

Table    20. — Canals    of    New   York — Freight    Carried,    bt 
Canals:  '  1916  and  1906. 


CANAL. 

QUANTTTY  (TONS  OF 
2,000  POUNDS). 

1916 

I»OC 

Total                        

1,625,050 

3,540,907 

Erie 

917,689 

506,528 

135,948 

44,421 

20,464 

2,385,491 

740,983 

172,228 

164, 874 

77,331 

1  From  Report  on  Canals  of  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Works  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  1916,  pp.  356  and  360. 

The  decrease  shown  in  the  amount  of  freight  carried 
on  the  canals  in  1916  as  compared  with  1906  was 
1,915,857  tons,  or  54.1  per  cent,  the  greater  part  of 
this  loss — 1,467, 802  tons,  or  76.6  per  cent — being  shown 
for  the  Erie  Canal.  In  1906  the  traffic  reported  from 
this  canal  amomited  to  67.4  per  cent  of  the  total, 
whereas  in  1916  it  amounted  to  only  56.5  per  cent. 
The  Champlain  Canal,  although  showing  an  actual  de- 
crease from  1906  to  1916,  increased  its  proportion 
from  a  httle  over  one-fifth  in  1906  to  nearly  one- third 
in  1916.  The  combined  traffic  for  the  three  remaining 
canals  represented  11.7  per  cent  of  the  total  in  1906 
and  12.4  per  cent  in  1916. 

Table  21  shows  the  way  and  through  freight,  east 
and  west  bound,  on  canals  of  New  York  state,  by 
commodities,  for  1916. 

Over  three-fourths  of  the  total  traffic  on  the  canals 
of  New  York  was  way  freight,  the  leading  commodities 
being  stone,  lime,  and  clay,  lumber  and  timber,  and 
coal.  Lumber  and  timber  and  coal  constituted  the 
largest  part  of  the  through  freight.  Although  not 
shown  in  this  table,  in  1906  total  way  freight  amounted 
to  2,534,493  net  tons,  and  the  through  freight  amounted 


CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLAND  WATERS. 


209 


to  1,006,414  net  tons.     In  1916  the  way  freight  was      through  freight  397,062  net  tons,  a  decrease  of  60.5  per 

1,227,988  net  tons,  a  decrease  of  51.5  per  cent,  and  the  [   cent. 

Table  21.— CANALS  OF  NEW  YORK— WAY  AND  THROUGH  FREIGHT,  CARRIED  EAST  AND  WEST,  BY  COMMODITIES: 

1916.' 


Aggregate 

(tons  012,000 

pounds). 

W.lir  FREIGHT. 

TUKOUGH  FEEIGHT. 

COMMODITY. 

Total  (tons  of 
2,000  pounds). 

East  (tons  of 
2,000  pounds). 

West  ftons  of 
2,000  pounds). 

Total  1  tons  Of 
2,000  pounds). 

East  ftons  of 
2,000  pounds;. 

West  'tons  of 
2,000  pounds). 

Total        

1,625,050 

1,227,988 

953,912 

274,076 

397,062 

229,386 

167,678 

Barley  malt 

20,749 

213,206 

118,170 

9S,  667 

5,901 

270, 821 

22, 177 

2,139 

69, 922 

32,011 

642,911 

3,836 

124,510 

1,680 
126,704 
87,442 
98,667 

320 
77,828 
86,242 
98,&49 

1,360 

48,876 

1,200 

18 

l'.i,069 
86,  .502 
30,728 

19,069 

450 

23,628 

Coal 

86,052 
5,100 

Grain 

Ice 

Iron  ore 

.i,96i 
142,414 
22,057 

5,901 
141,467 
22,057 

Lumber  and  timber  . 

128, 407 

120 

2,139 

69,922 

32,041 

588,515 

3,836 

8S.515 

126,427 

1,980 
120 

947 

Pigiroa  andsteelrails 

2,139 

69,922 

32,041 

414,224 

Pulp  wood 

Salt,  domestic 

174,291 
3,836 
42,395 

M,396 

102 

5i,2»4 

46,120 

35.995 

14,712 

From  Report  on  Canals  of  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Works  of  the  State  of  New  York,  1916,  pp.  246  to  260. 

Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico  division,  from  which 
the  greater  part  of  their  activity  was  reported. 


Table  22  shows,  by  commodities,  the  quantity  of 
canal  freight  shipped  down  the  Hudson  River  to  New 
York  City  for  1916  and  1906. 


Table  22. — Canals   op  New  York — Freight  to   New   York 
City,  by  Commodities:  1916  and  1906.' 


COHHODIT7. 


Total., 


Barley  malt - 

Coal 

Grain 

Ice 

Iron  ore 

Lumber  and  timber 

Pig  iron 

Potatoes 

Salt,  domestic 

Stone,  lime,  and  clay 

Miscellaneous  merchandise. . 


QDANTrrr  (tons  of 

2,000  POUNDS.) 


1916 


385,149 


19,462 


M,692 
82,425 
5,902 

153,  on 

21,423 
1,614 
27,972 
26,375 
21,213 


9.53,202 


230 
290, 513 
93, 072 
29,643 
231,165 
12,942 
(') 
(") 

104,  lis 
191,519 


>  From  Reports  on  Canals  of  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Works  of  the  State 
of  New  York,  1916,  pp.  294  to  296;  and  1906,  pp.  280  to  2»4. 
s  Included  in  "Miscellanpous  merchandise." 

There  were  385,149  tons  of  freight  moved  from  canals 
down  the  Hudson  River  to  New  York  City  in  1916,  a 
decrease  of  568,053  tons,  or  59.6  per  cent,  from  that 
reported  for  1906.  In  1906  grain  was  the  most  impor- 
tant commodity  shipped,  ranking  just  ahead  of  lumber, 
but  in  1916  it  ranked  fifth  among  the  commodities 
shown  in  the  table,  decreasing  91.2  per  cent.  Lumber 
ranked  first  in  1916,  although  the  quantity  shipped 
in  1916  was  less  by  33.8  per  cent  than  the  quantity 
shipped  in  1906. 

Ta])le  23  shows,  by  commodities,  the  freight  carried 
by  boats  on  the  canals  and  other  inland  watere  of  New 
York  state,  the  census  totals  being  given  and  com- 
pared with  the  total  from  the  New  York  state  report, 
for  1916  and  1906. 

Certain  canal  boats  operated  only  a  part  of  the  year 
on  canals  and  rivers  above  tidewater,  their  stay  being 
longer,  or  the  quantity  of  freight  carried  by  them 
greater,  in  harbors  or  on  rivers  below  tidewater. 
Statistics  for  these  boats  are,  therefore,  included  in  the 
116515°— 20 14 


Table  2.3. — Canals  and  Other  Inland  W.\ters  of  New  York 
St.\te — Freight,  by  Commodities:  1916  and  1906. 


COMMODITY  AND  CENSUS  TEAE. 


Total: 

1916 

1906 

Canned  goods: 

1916 

1906 

Cement,  brick,  and  lime: 

1916 

1906 

Coal: 

1916 

1906 

Flour: 

1916 

1906 

Fruits  and  vegetables: 

1916 

1906 

(irain: 

1916 

1906 

Ice: 

1916 

1906 

Iron  ore: 

1916 

1906 

Lumber: 

1916 

1906 

Naval  stores: 

1916 

1906 

Petroleum  and  other  oils: 

1916 

1906 

Phosphate  and  fertiliier: 

1916 

1906 

Pig  iron  and  steel  rails: 

1916 

1906 

stone,  sand,  etc.: 

1916 

1906 

.^Iiscellaneous  merchandise: 

1916 

1906 


CENSUS  EEPORT. 


Total  (tons 
012,000 
pounds). 


1,307,984 
2,584,722 


,890 
,000 


28,888 
89,739 


242, 
472, 


,026 
277 


i,451 
1,546 


53, 
472, 


110. 
90, 


196, 
318, 


;.215 
,526 


378 
462 


759 
',775 


341. 
342, 


227. 
714, 


703 


Canals 

and  all 
other 

inland 
waters  of 
New  York 
state  (tons 

of  2,000 
pounds) 


1,120,762 
2,502,891 


1,890 
1,000 

13,623 
77,464 

213.064 
453,709 

2,026 
277 

6,451 
15,546 

52,963 
466,977 

70.179 
68,059 

16,871 
36.612 

160,382 
317,440 

2.215 
7,526 

378 
462 

759 
7,775 

25.472 
11,370 

330.568 
335.176 

223.921 
703,498 


.\tlantic 
coast  and 
Gulf  of 
Mexico 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 


New  York 

state 
report 
(tons  of 

2,000 
poiinds). 


187,222 
'81,831 


1,625.050 
3,540,907 


15,265 
12,275 


28.949 
18,948 


720 
5.976 

40.207 
22,059 

51,328 
1.255 

35.837 
1,409 


1,044 


11.268 
7,527 


3.648 
11.338 


(«) 
(') 

(') 
(') 

213.206 
545,941 

(») 
300 

(«) 
(•) 

118,170 
554,291 

98,667 
116,906 

5.901 
31,446 

270,821 
672,023 

(•) 
{«> 

(•) 


(") 
13.903 

22.177 
15,517 

642.911 
910,497 

233.197 


1  In  addition,  there  were  117,500  tons  of  cement  cirricd  on  the  Delaware  and 
Hudson  Canal,  a  walerwav  not  owTied  bv  the  slate,  the  statistics  for  which  were 
not  included  in  the  New  York  state  report. 

'  Included  in  *'  Miscellaneous  merchandise.*' 

>  Included  in  "Stone,  sand,  etc." 


210 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


.Uthough  the  total  tonnage  reported  by  the  Census 
Bureau  is  smaller  than  the  total  taken  from  the  New 
York  state  report,  most  of  the  separate  commodities 
compare  favorably.  The  inconsistencies  are  attril)- 
uted  more  to  differences  in  statistical  methods  than  to 


errors  or  omissions  by  either  the  Census  Bureau  or  the 
New  York  state  officials. 

Table  24  shows  shipments  and  receipts,  by  commodi- 
ties, for  New  York  City,  other  Hudson  River  ports,  and 
all  other  ports  for  1916  and  1906. 


Table  24. 


-HUDSON   RIVER  AND   NEW  YORK   CITY  — FREIGHT  TO   AND   FROM    NEW  YORK   CANALS,   BY  COM- 
MODITIES: 1916  AND  1906. 


COMMOUIiy. 

Census 

year. 

AgRTCgate 

traffic  (tons 

of  2,000 

pounds). 

TOTAL   (TONS    OP   2,000 
POUNIJS). 

NEW  YORK  CTTY  (TONS 
OF  2,000  POUNDS). 

ALL     OTHER      HTTDSON 
RIVER    PORTS    (TONS 
OF  2,000  POUNDS). 

ALL  OTHER  PORTS  (TONS 
OF  2,000  POUNDS). 

Receipts. 

Shipments. 

Receipts. 

Shipments. 

Receipts. 

Shipments. 

Receipts. 

Shipments. 

Total 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

1916 
1906 

846,120 
2,046,145 

429, 474 
1,070,881 

416,646 
975, 2M 

286,  .586 
834,706 

159,310 
425,309 

46,200 
21,657 

72,662 
18,  534 

96,688 
214,518 

184,774 

531  421 

19, 124 
72,642 

133,250 
600,592 

1,883 
7,468 

85,054 
364,652 

119,258 
29,849 

5,418 
18,803 

141,524 
325,390 

3,533 
9,138 

400 
7,615 

49,544 
8,820 

109,631 
121,656 

177,501 
579,  520 

9,562 
54,816 

30,031 
190,719 

1,046 
7,284 

42,527 
362,681 

59,629 
26,999 

2,709 
17,778 

124,832 
205,956 

1,318 
1,612 

200 
2,283 

25,105 
0,791 

48,  .384 
60,735 

84,131 
127.227 

9,5f,2 
17,826 

103,219 
303,873 

837 
184 

42,  527 
1,971 

59,629 
2,8.10 

2,709 
1,025 

16,092 
119,434 

2,215 
7,  .120 

200 
5,332 

24,439 
2,029 

61,247 
60,921 

93, 370 
452,293 

6,450 
50,878 

a36 
39,514 

1,(M6 
7,2M 

40,422 
360, 739 

58,129 
26,199 

1,194 

840 

115,727 
200,309 

458 
9,791 

69,299 
120,198 

900 
440 

7,690 
7,876 

2,029 
3,790 

33,920 

9,241 

2,212 
3,498 

21,505 
149,329 

7,075 

Coal 

4,245 

Fruits  aBd  vegetables    .                 

174,434 

837 

75 

2, 105 
1,191 

109 

2,105 
602 

40,422 

1,440 

1,.500 
800 

1,.515 
200 

9,105 
3,225 

297 

780 

lee 

8,575 
2,850 

1,075 

51,054 

Iron  ore  

1,6.34 

16, 732 

1,025 

580 
8,757 

2,215 
7,497 

200 
5,178 

691 
492 

15,421 

2,362 

1,021 
1,612 

200 
2,129 

110,186 

29 

PhnspiiffA  nrifi  fert,JH'*r 

154 

19,  .V4 
5,931 

4,022 
29,310 

39,196 
113,482 

1.14 

Pig  iron  and  steel  rails 

5,541 

24,4.39 
975 

1,054 

39,246 
50,619 

4.5,207 
215,049 

800 

39,782 
29,155 

29,863 
8,339 

Stone,  sand,  etc                             

4,. 580 
2,270 

1.1,072 
5, 406 

16,179 
1,463 

10,093 
698 

S,822 
2,939 

38,070 
236,546 

In  1916  the  total  freight  traffic  on  the  Hudson  River 
to  and  from  New  York  canals,  which  is  also  included 
in  the  statistics  for  canals  and  other  inland  waters  of 
New  York  state,  amounted  to  846,120  tons,  a  decrease 
of  1,200,025  tons,  or  58.6  per  cent,  from  the  tonnage 
in  1906. 

Lumber,  coal,  and  ice  were  the  leading  commodities 
reported,  most  of  the  lumber  and  ice  being  received  at 
New  York  City.  Lumber  was  eastbound  freight,  and 
coal,  naval  stores,  and  stone,  sand,  etc.,  were  eastern 
products  shipped  west. 

Table  25  shows  the  freight  carried  on  the  Hudson 
River,  whether  shipped  or  received.  The  figures 
represent  not  only  the  quantity  shown  in  Table  24, 
but  include  that  in  the  division  of  Atlantic  coast 
and  Gulf  of  Mexico  as  carried  to  and  from  the  canals 
of  New  York  and  to  and  from  Hudson  River  ports. 

In  1916  as  in  1906  the  traffic  up  and  down  the 
Hudson  River  was  heaviest  at  river  ports  where  the 
freight  was  either  received  or  delivered  at  the  ports 


of  the  Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  next 
heaviest  traffic,  both  shipments  and  receipts  for  each 
census,  was  at  canal  ports  of  the  state  of  New  York. 
For  both  of  these  sources  of  freight  there  was  a  decrease 
as  compared  with  1906,  the  net  decrease  m  the  total 
being  2,189,802  tons,  or  25.3  per  cent. 

Tahle  25.— Hudson  River  Traffic:  1916  and  1906. 


SOURCE. 

TONS  OF  2,000 
POUNDS. 

1916 

1906 

Total  .                     

6,465,078 

8,654,880 

To  andfrom  New  York  canals  (included  in  Canals  and  other 
inland  waters  of  New  York  state) 

840,120 

187,222 

5,431,736 

2,046,145 

To  and  from  New  York  canals  (included  in  Atlantic  coast 
and  Gulf  of  Mexico)               

81,831 

Toandfrom  river  ports(included  in  Atlantic  coast  and  Gulf 

6,520,904 

Table  26  shows  the  receipts  and  shipments  of  freight 
by  commodities,  for  the  Hudson  River,for  1916  and  1906. 


CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLAND  WATERS. 


211 


Table  26.— HUDSON  RIVER  RECEIPTS  AND  SHIPMENTS  OF  FREIGHT,  BY  COMMODITIES:  1916 

AND  1906. 

COMMODITY   AND  CENSUS  YEAR. 

Total 

(tons  of 

2.n<)0 
poimds). 

Received 

from 

river, 

canal, 

and 

outside 
ports 

(tons  of 
2,000 

pounds). 

Shipped 

to  all 

canals 

and 
outside 

ports 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 

COMMODITY  AND  CENSUS   YEAR. 

Total 
(tons  of 

2,000 
poands). 

Received 

from 

river, 

canal, 

and 

outside 

ports 

(tons  of 

2.000 
pounds). 

Shipped 

toaU 

canals 

and 

outside 
ports 

(tons  o£ 

2,000 
pounds). 

Total. 

1916 

0,465,078 
8,654,X80 

1,291,689 
1,751,255 

5,173,3S9 
6,903,625 

Iron  ore: 
1916 

111,017 
21,134 

198,666 
571,437 

5,043 
9,138 

138,381 
519 

1,759 
8,907 

56,958 
28,429 

2,025,381 
1,836,481 

031,261 
1,335,678 

2,712 
17,778 

132,099 
211,876 

2,818 
1,612 

138,200 
424 

1,437 
3,575 

25,110 
14,950 

251,510 
107,488 

297,135 
451,441 

108,305 
3,3S& 

1906 

1906 

Canned  goods: 

10,395 
16,322 

1,433,748 
2,039,452 

817,110 
1,079,712 

1,914 
7,057 

34,221 
31,029 

86,602 
370,861 

912,622 
1,298,124 

9,405 
8,755 

38,  .179 
103,606 

272,725 
417,732 

1,126 
6,926 

13,514 
14,212 

42,840 
362,081 

62,419 
28,199 

930 
7,567 

1,395,169 
1,935,846 

544,385 
601,980 

788 
731 

20,707 
16,817 

43,762 
8,180 

850,203 
1,209,925 

Lumber: 

1916 

66,567 
359,561 

1910 

1906 

1906 

Naval  stores: 

1910 

Cement ,  brick,  and  lime: 

2,225 
7,526 

1916 

1906 

Petroleum  and  other  oils: 

1916 .          .. 

Coal: 

181 
95 

1916 

1900 

1906 

Phosphate  and  tertiliier: 

1916 

Flour: 

1910 

5,332 

31,848 
13,479 

1900 

Fruits  and  vegetables: 

Pig  iron  and  steel  rails: 

1916 

1916 

1906 

1906 

Stone,  sand,  etc.: 

1916 

Grain : 

1  773  871 

1916 

1906.. 

l|728|99a 

1906 

Miscellaneous  merchandise: 

1910 

Ice: 

334,126 
884,237 

1916 

1906 

1906 ; 

Traffic  with  Cajiada. — A  considerable  amount  of  freight 
came  into  New  York  from  Canada  and  left  the  state 
for  Canada,  via  Lake  Champlain,  Richelieu  River, 
and  the  Sorel  Canal.  This  traffic  was  carried  on 
wholly  in  unrigged  boats  and  there  was  little  diversity 
in  the  character  of  cargoes  carried.  The  incoming 
tonnage  of  178,453  exceeded  the  exports  by  35,573 
net  tons.  The  imports  consisted  of  115,228  tons 
of  lumber,  666  tons  of  pig  iron,  209  tons  of  fruit,  and 
62,050  tons  of  miscellaneous  freight.     The  principal 


exports  were  97,717  tons  of  coal,  14,162  tons  of  iron 
ore,  14,944  tons  of  stone,  707  tons  of  naval  stores, 
and  15,350  tons  of  miscellaneous  freight.  Three 
hundred  tons,  or  150  M  feet,  of  lumber  shipped  into 
the  United  States  from  Canada  over  the  same  water- 
courses was  delivered  in  Vermont. 

Freight  on  inland  waterways  of  states  oth^r  than  New 
Yorli. — Table  27  shows,  by  states  and  geographic  di- 
visions, the  freight  traf&c  on  the  canals  and  other  in- 
land waters  of  states,  exclusive  of  Xew  York,  for  1916. 


Table  27. 


-FREIGHT  CARRIED  ON  CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLAND  WATERS  OF  STATES,  EXCLUSI\^  OF  NEW  YORK. 
BY  COMMODITIES  AND  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:   1916. 


Total 
freight 
(tons). ' 

Ce- 
ment, 

Coal 
(tons). 

Cot- 
ton 
(tons). 

Flour 
Uons). 

Fruit? 
and 
vege- 
tables 
(tons). 

Grain 
(tons). 

Ice 
(tons). 

Lumber. 

Petroleum 
andotheroils. 

Phos- 
phate 
and 
ferti- 
liser 
(tons). 

Pig 

iron 
and 

steel 
rails 

(tons). 

Stone, 

sand, 

etc. 

(tons). 

To- 
l>acco 

(tons). 

Mis- 
cella- 

tooSf  bric^. 

»™=)-     lime 
(tons). 

Tons. 

.\£.(eet. 

stores 
(tons). 

Tons. 

Bbls. 

chan- 

dise 

(tons). 

United  states... 

1,421.864 

7.50     3,431 

720. S97 

40 

S77 

4,668 

27,-!  63 

04 

6,023 

3,242 

100 

694 

3,321 

2,522 

201 

573,072 

5 

81,037 

North  Atlantic  divi- 
sion  

638, 606 

18, 282 

S02 

17,800 

1.52,880 

448,842 

190,239 

181,759 

1.380 

7,100 

490,608 
35,165 
261,574 
170,225 
16,0.i6 
7,588 

1,487 
640 

847 

100,924 

21,077 

73,  .560 

335 

3,8;t9 

1,191 

1% 
196 

31 
31 

447,340 
531 

127 
127 

75 
75 

531 
531 

5 
5 

1,801 
524 

939 
202 

100 
100 

59 
2 

295 
10 

HO 
100 

75 
75 

154,006 
50 

5 
5 

34,109 

15,930 

802 

Maine. 

New  Hampshire . . 

Vermont 

1,420 
120,110 
325,285 

177.002 
177,002 

1,239 

657 



1.100 
32, 770 
120,086 

5,3.80 
380 

14,  oa 

New  Jersey 

57 

285 

40 

2,3.82 
702 
9S0 
70O 



3,336 

4,342 
2,942 

South   Atlantic  divi- 

400 

8 
8 

725 
725 

■ 

Virfrinia 

400 



13 

5,000 

350,  .569 
21,165 

2-59,882 

69,047 

475 

1,400 

22,023 
14,000 

North  Central  division 
Ohio 

67 

2,507 

96,470 

98 

3,268 

13,881 

1,459 

740 

193 

1,058 

Illinois 

67 

20 

2,490 

51 

50 

S8,4S0 

440 

7,500 

60 

'■■'is' 

70 

50 

1..500 
1,237 
II. 144 

120 
4.50 
889 

00 
224 
456 

13 

5,2.56 
2,7,1 

Minnesota 

1.59 
34 

908 
1.50 

Missouri 

South  Central  division 

10 

io" 

477 

""sis' 

10 
10 

423 
240 
152 

40 

2 



40 

.55 
.55 

133 
133 

07 
07 

5 

1  132 

Arkansas 

00 
19 

40 

2 

042 

60 

489 

1,325 
174 
68.5 

40 

1 2. 2.86 

11,123 

907 

::;:::::::■ 

695 

Western  division 

Montana 

4 
2 

2,6.30 

1,415 

662 

1,496 
725 
375 

442 

2 

354 

1,968 
10 

1,569 

113 

63,112 

19.451 
8,063 
6,659 

7 

113 

63,112 

Washington 

115 
4 

12 
19 

12 

73 
20 

388 
12 
CO 

83 
113 

2 

260 

26 

267 

165 
14 

217 

52 
20 
14 

235 
90 

04 

2,842 
977 

Oalirornia 

922 

575 



>  AH  tons  of  2,000  pounds. 


212 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


The  North  Atlantic  division  exceeded  all  others  in 
total  quantity  of  freight  carried  on  canals  and  other 
inland  waters,  having  638,606  tons,«or  44.9  per  cent 
of  the  total,  and  the  North  Central  division  was 
second,  with  a  tonnage  of  490,608,  or  34.5  per  cent. 
The  leading  state  in  total  freight  traffic  was  Pennsyl- 
vania, with  448,842  tons,  or  31.6  per  cent  of  the  total, 
Elinois  rankmg  second,  with  261,574  tons,  or  18.4  per 
cent. 

The  information  following  is  shown  by  states,  ar. 
ranged  according  to  the  order  in  which  they  are 
presented  in  Table  27. 

Maine. — The  freight  reported  as  carried  on  inland 
waterways  of  this  state  was  of  a  heterogeneous  char- 
acter.    It  was  carried  between  ports  on  five  lakes  of 
the  state,  of  which  Moosehead  was  most  important. 
Freight  on  Lakes  op  Maine:  191G. 


Quantity 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 


Total 

Moosehead 

North  Twin  and  South  Twin 

Eangely 

Sebago 


New  Hampshire. — All  freight  reported  for  this  state 
was  carried  on  Lakes  Sunapee  and  Winnepesaukee, 
and  was  of  a  miscellaneous  class.  For  Lake  Winne- 
pesaukee, 517  tons  were  reported  and  for  Lake  Sunapee 
285  tons. 

Vermord. — Lake  Champlain  is  the  only  body  of  water 
in  this  state  for  which  freight  was  reported.  The 
Bureau  of  the  Census  has  classified  the  shipments  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  give  fidl  credit  for  transactions 
originating  on  the  Vennont  side  of  the  lake  to  the 
state  of  Vermont,  and  those  originating  on  the  New 
York  side  to  the  state  of  New  York.  Figures  for 
New  York  state  traffic  may  be  found  in  that  part  of 
the  report  which  deals  specifically  with  the  inland 
watera  of  New  York  state.  Commodities  amounting 
to  17,800  tons  were  shipped,  of  wliich  coal  constituted 
1,420  tons,  lumber  1,239  tons,  and  stone  1,100  tons. 
The  remainder  was  of  a  miscellaneous  character.  In 
addition,  1,100  tons  of  freight  were  lightered  on  the 
Vermont  side  of  Lake  Champlain. 

New  Jersey. — The  freight  reported  by  this  state  was 
carried  on  canals  exclusively.  Of  the  total,  120,110 
tons  were  coal  and  32,770  tons  sand  and  stone.  The 
relative  importance  of  the  two  canals  may  be  judged 
from  the  accompanying  statement. 

Freight  on  Canals  of  New  Jersey:  1916. 


C.4N.VL. 

Quanlitv 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 

Total                                                         

152.880 

Delaware  and  Raritan         

151,180 

Morris      .                                  .                            

1,700 

Pennsylvania. — The  census  returns  for  inland  water 
transportations  of  this  state  included  freight  carried  on 
the  Lehigh  Coal  and  Navigation  Co.'s  canals,  and  on 
the  Susquehanna,  Lehigh,  and  Schuylkill  Rivers.  A 
very  large  quantity  of  freight  reported  for  the  Dela- 
ware River,  whose  principal  port  is  Philadelphia,  and 
for  the  Allegheny,  Monongahela,  and  Oliio  Rivers, 
whose  chief  port  is  Pittsburgh,  is  credited  to  the  Atlan- 
tic coast  and  the  Mississippi  River  divisions  and  not  to 
that  of  Canals  and  other  inland  waters. 

Freight  on  Waterways  op  Pennsylvania:  1916. 


WATERWAY. 


Total. 


Lehich  Coal  and  Navigation  Co.  canals 

Susquehanna  Uiver 

I.ehigh  River 

Schuylkill  River 


Quantity 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 


448,842 


171.276 
125,057 
121,205 
31,304 


Coal  was  the  chief  commodity  transported  over 
these  waterways,  aggregating  325,285  tons.  The 
smallest  quantity,  16,461  tons,  was  carried  on  the 
Susquehanna  River.  Lightering  was  extensive  on  in- 
land waterways  of  this  state,  the  tonnage  amounting 
to  120,659. 

Maryland. — Canal  traffic  in  1916  was  limited  largely 
to  the  shipment  of  coal  over  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
Canal,  wliich  has  terminals  at  Washington,  D.  C,  and 
Cumberland,  Md.  A  small  quantity  of  miscellaneous 
freight  was  carried  from  Washington  to  various  points 
en  route. 

Virginia. — Inland  water  traffic  was  incident  to  the 
operation  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal,  a  consid- 
erable quantity  of  phosphate  being  shipped  from 
Alexandria,  Va.,  to  farmers  along  the  canal  in  Mary- 
land. Shipments  from  Alexandria,  Va.,  over  the 
Potomac  River  are  credited  to  the  Atlantic  coast 
traffic. 

Georgia. — Returns  from  this  state  were  confined  to 
the  two  rivers  Oostanaula  and  Coosa,  on  which  7,100 
tons  were  carried.  The  greater  portion,  5,000  tons, 
was  stone  and  sand,  but  700  tons  were  phosphates. 

Ohio. — The  principal  shipments  reported  for  Ohio 
were  carried  over  the  Miami  and  Erie  Canal  and  the 
Sanduskj'  River.  Sand  and  stone,  amounting  to 
21,165  tons,  were  the  most  important  commodities. 
Thirty-two  thousand  tons  of  sand  were  lightered  on 
theMaimiee  River. 

Illinois. — The  freight  reported   for  this  state  was 
carried  on  three  canals — Illinois   and  Mississippi,  Chi- 
cago Drainage  and  Ship,  and  the  Illinois  and  Michigan. 
Freight  on  Canals  op  Illinois:  1916. 


Total. 


Chicago  Drainage  and  Ship., 

Illinois  and  Michigan 

Illinois  and  Mississippi 


Quantity 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 


261,574 


258,657 

217 

2,700 


CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLAND  WATERS. 


213 


Stone  and  sand  were  the  principal  commodities, 
aggregating  258,657  tons,  all  carried  on  the  Chicago 
Drainage  and  Ship  Canal.  Grain  was  the  chief  com- 
modity carried  on  the  Illinois  and  Mississippi  Canal, 
amounting  to  1,500  tons. 

Wisconsin. — The  largest  quantity  of  freight  carried 
on  the  inland  waters  of  this  state  was  166,195  tons, 
reported  for  Winnebago  Lake,  of  which  coal  and  stone 
were  the  principal  commodities,  88,480  tons  of  the 
former  and  69,047  tons  of  the  latter  being  reported. 
Freight  was  also  reported  for  Buffalo  Lake  and  for 
Paj-gan  Lake,  and  for  the  Fox  and  Wolf  Rivers.  Ship- 
ments were  heavier  on  the  lakes  than  on  the  rivers. 

Freight  on  Waterways  of  Wisconsin  :  1916. 


LAKE  AXD  RIVER. 

Quantity 
(tons  of 

2.000 
pounds). 

170,225 

53 

712 

3,225 

166, 195 

40 

Woir  River 

Minnesota. — Reports  were  received  for  trafTic  on 
seven  of  the  lakes  of  Minnesota  and  on  Rainy  River. 
The  three  lakes  reporting  the  hea-viest  shipments  were 
Big  Stone  Lake,  with  8,404  tons  of  freight,  mostly 
grain;  Lake  Traverse,  with  4,065  tons  of  grain,  lumber, 
and  stone;  and  Vermillion  Lake,  with  825  tons  of, 
miscellaneous  freight.  Various  kinds  of  freight  were 
shipped  over  Rainy  River. 

Freight  ox  Waterways  op  Minnesota:  1916. 


LAKE  AND  RHER. 

Quantifv 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 

Total 

10.056 

Big  Stone  Lake 

8  4(H 

■200 

Minnprnnlrn  Lakfl 

400 

Rainy  Lake 

615 

Red  Lake 

Traverse  Lake 

4  065 

Missouri. — The  only  inland  waterwaj^  in  Missouri 
on  which  traffic  was  reported  separately  from  the 
traffic  on  the  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries  was  the 
Little  River.  The  total  freight  reported  for  that 
river  was  7,588  tons,  which  was  mostly  coal. 

Louisiana. — A  small  quantity  of  freight,  640  tons, 
was  reported  from  tliis  state.  It  was  mostly  miscel- 
laneous supplies  shipped  to  the  various  oil  mines 
located  on  the  shores  of  Lake  Caddo. 

A7-jLansas. — Tlie  freight  reported  from  this  state  was 
carried  on  the  Little  River,  a  tributary  of  the  Red 


River,  and  on  two  small  lakes.  Coal,  cotton,  and 
grain  were  the  principal  commodities  reported,  but 
there  were  also  695  tons  of  miscellaneous  merchandise 
carried. 

Montana. — Grain  was  the  chief  commodity  carried 
on  the  inland  waterways  of  this  state,  11,074  tons 
being  reported  from  Flathead  Lake.  Lumber  was 
the  next  most  important  commodity.  Some  lighter- 
age was  also  reported. 

Freight  on  Lakes  in  Montana:  1916. 


LAKE. 

Quant  it  V 
(tonsol 

2,000 
pounds). 

Total - 

21 ,  077 

Flathead 

20,254 
156 

McDonald 

667 

Idaho. — The  freight  reported  as  carried  on  the 
inland  waterways  of  Idaho  is  shown  for  boats  operat- 
ing on  two  lakes  and  two  rivers.  There  was  64,771 
tons,  all  stone  and  sand,  reported  for  Pend  Oreille 
Lake. 

Freight  on  Waterways  op  Idaho:  1916. 


LAKE   AND  RIVER. 

Quantity 
(tons  of 

2,000 
pounds). 

TotaL.: 

73  560 



7,SW 

454 

Pend  Oreille  Lake 

64  771 

'531 

Arizona. — ^The  Colorado  River  was  the  only  water- 
course reporting  freight  for  this  state,  with  a  tonnage 
of  335,  aU  miscellaneous  merchandise. 

Washington. — Reports  were  received  for  traffic  car- 
ried on  Lakes  Chelan  and  Whatcom  and  Clark  Fork 
River,  and  a  small  quantity  on  Columbia  River,  the 
total  traffic  amounting  to  3,839  tons,  mostly  of  a 
miscellaneous  nature. 

Oregon. — Klamath  Lake,  the  most  important  body 
of  water  from  which  freight  was  reported,  showed  1,062 
tons,  mostly  miscellaneous  merchandise.  A  small 
quantitj'  was  carried  on  Goose  Lake,  and  also  on  the 
Columbia  River,  where  the  shipments  were  from  bank 
to  bank  in  Washington  and  Oregon. 

California. — Lumber  was  the  principal  commodity 
reported  for  Lake  Tahoe.  A  miscellaneous  class  of 
freight  was  carried  to  the  Nevada  side. 

PASSEXGEKS. 

Table  28  shows,  for  Xew  York  state  and  aU  other 
states,  the  num])er  of  regular  and  excureion  passen- 
gers carried  on  steam  vessels  for  1916  and  1906. 


214 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Table  28. — Canals  and  Other  Inland  Waters  of  New  York 
State  and  All  Other  States — Passengers  on  Steam  Vessels, 
BY  States:  1916  and  1906. 


STATE  AND  CENSUS  TEAS. 

Total. 

Regular. 

Excursion. 

Total: 

1916 

1,994,236 
1,871,769 

1,415,  .549 
1,359,648 

578  687 

1906 

512,121 

New  York:  i 

1916       

622,815 
828,932 

1,371,421 
1,042,837 

565,895 
580,246 

849,654 
779,402 

56,920 
248,686 

.521  767 

1906 

All  other  states: 
1916 

1906 

263] 435 

California— 

1916                ...      .          

8,,8.i2 
1,200 

111,842 
500 

21,000 

8.852 
1,200 

110,616 
500 

18,000 

1906 

Idaho— 

1916 

1,226 

1906 

Iowa- 
mis           ..              .  .                

3,000 

1906 

1       Maine— 

1916 

1906 JL 

97,840 

S3,  WO 

14,800 

Massachusetts — 

1916 

46,4.50 
35,000 

98, 1.50 
96,601 

288,6.54 
784,648 

35,008 
3,287 

70,261 

28.4.50 
35,000 

10,800 
16,301 

273,232 
631, '236 

32,858 
2,419 

59,361 

18,000 

1906 

Michican— 

1916 

87,350 

1906 

80,300 

Minnesota— 

1916 

15  4.32 

1906 

153,412 
2  1.50 

Montana — 
1916 

1906 

868 

New  Hampshire— 

1916 

10,900 

1906 

Ohio— 

1918.       .             .                             

31,760 

5,760 

26,000 

1906 

Oregon— 

1916 

74,204 
8,119 

232,974 

73,714 
6,119 

20,876 

490 

1906 

2,000 
212,098 

Pennsylvania — 

I9l6 

1906 

Vermont—" 

1916                                              

10,136 

10,136 

1906 

Washington— 

1916 

24,019 
30,067 

220,271 
70,7.80 

22,607 
28,440 

91,362 
48,352 

1,412 

1906        .  .                            .              .   .. 

1,627 

Wisconsin — 

1916        .             .                       .        ... 

128,909 

1906 

22,428 

riinois— 
1916 

1906 

800 

SOO 

North  Dakota— 

1916 

1906 

1,835 

1,835 

West  Virginia— 

1916              .                                    

J906 

10,000 

8,000 

2,000 

>  Includes  172,818  regular  passengers  and  646  excursion  passengers  from  'Vermont 
side  of  I>ake  Chamnlain. 
2  Passengers  carried  on  Lake  Champlain  not  included. 

There  were  1,994,236  regular  and  excursion  pas- 
sengers reported  as  carried  by  steam  vessels  on  the 
canals  and  other  inland  water^vays  of  the  United  States 
in  1916,  an  increase  of  122,467,  or  6.5  per  cent,  over  the 
number  reported  for  1906.  In  1916  New  York  pas- 
sengers represented  31.2  per  cent  of  the  total,  as  com- 
pared with  44.3  per  cent  in  1906.  The  greatest  gain 
for  the  decade  was  in  the  number  of  excursion  pas- 
sengers, 66,566,  or  13  per  cent.  These  passengers  in 
1906  represented  27.4  per  cent  of  the  total  and  29  per 
cent  in  1916.  While  only  13  states  reported  passengers 
on  inland  waterways  in  1906,  16  states  reported  them 
in  1916.  Three  of  the  states,  Illinois,  North  Dakota, 
and  West  Virginia,  included  in  the  1908  census,  made 
no  report  of  passengers  carried  in  1916,  but  6  new 
states  were  added,  Iowa,  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Ohio, 
Pennsylvania,  and  Vermont,  with  a  combined  traffic  of 
463,971  passengers. 


Very  marked  increases  are  shown  for  Wisconsin  and 
Idaho,  mostly  in  regular  passengere.  Three  states, 
New  York,  Minnesota,  and  Wasliington,  show  a  de- 
crease in  total  number  carried,  involving  a  decrease  in 
both  regular  and  excursion.  Massachusetts  and 
Michigan  show  a  decrease  in  regular  passengere  .only, 
and  Oregon  a  decrease  in  excursion  passengers.  The 
decrease  was  most  marked  in  Minnesota,  495,994,  or 
63.2  per  cent,  in  the  total  number,  and  137,980,  or 
89.9  per  cent,  in  excursion  passengers.  New  York  was 
second  in  absolute  decrease  in  the  total  number, 
206,117,  or  24.9  per  cent,  with  a  decrease  of  191,766, 
or  77.1  per  cent,  in  e.xcursion  passengei-s. 

Notwithstanding  New  York  showed  such  a  heavy 
decrease,  the  state  led  in  1916  in  the  total  nuni- 
ber  and  in  the  niimber  of  regular  passengers,  in 
which  latter  particular  it  displaced  Minnesota.  It 
yielded  leadership  to  Pennsylvania,  however,  in  number 
of  inland  waterway  excursionists,  also  being  exceeded 
by  Wisconsin  and  Michigan  in  this  particidar. 

In  1916  the  regular  passengere  exceeded  in  number 
the  excursion  passengers  in  11  of  the  states  that  re- 
ported both  classes  of  passengers.  Michigan,  Ohio, 
Pennsylvania,  and  Wisconsin  showed  greater  numbers 
in  the  excursion  class.  Of  these  4  states  Pennsylva- 
nia reported  an  unusually  heavy  traffic  in  excursion- 
ists. More  than  one-third  of  these  were  carried  from 
Bristol,  Pa.,  to  Burhngton,  N.  .J.,  and  the  remaining 
two-tliirds  were  cUstributed  among  Lakes  Conneaut 
and  Harvey  and  the  Schuylkill  River. 

Wisconsin,  which  is  next  in  importance  to  Penn- 
sylvania in  excursion  traffic,  differs  from  it  in  that 
there  are  more  tourists  and  excursionists  from  distant 
points.  One-half  of  the  volume  of  this  short  seasonal 
business  was  on  Lake  Meudota,  Lake  Winnebago,  and 
Fox  River. 

Table  29  gives  a  detailed  statement  of  passenger 
traffic  for  New  York  state  for  1916. 

Table  29. — Canals  and  Other  Inland  Waters  op  New  York 
State — Regular  and  E.xcursion  P.^^ssengers  on  Steam  Ve.s- 
sels,  by  Canals  and  Lakes:  1916. 


CANAL  -IND  LAKE. 


Total.. 


On  canals 

Champlain  Canal. 
Erie  Canal 


On  lakes 

Lake  Canandaigua. 

Lake  Cayuga 

Lake  Champlain. . . 
Lake  Chautauqua.  - 

Lake  George 

Lake  Raquette 

All  other  lakes 


Total. 


8,600 

8,500 

100 

614,215 
17,900 
6,350 
1239,966 
194,056 
112,477 
12,258 
31,208 


Regular. 


Excursion, 


565,895 


8,100 

8,000 

100 

557,795 

17,900 

900 

239,320 

146,344 

112,277 

12,258 

28,796 


56,920 


500 
500 


56,420 


5,450 

616 

47,712 

200 


2,412 


'  Includes  172, 818  regular  and  646  excursion  passengers  credited  to  Vermont. 

The  number  of  passengers  carried  on  the  canals  of 
New  York  was  insignificant,  representing  only  1 .4  per 
cent  of  the  total.  Lake  Champlain  led  m  regular 
passengers,  and  Lake  Chautauqua,  which  was  the 
greatest  center  of  the  state  for  inland  excursionists, 
was  second. 


CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLAND  WATERS. 


215 


CONGRESSIONAL  APPKOPRIATIONS. 

Appropriations  by  Congress  made  for  improve- 
ments on  Lake  Champlain,  by  localities,  are  shown  in 
the  following  statement: 

Congressional  Appropriations  for  the  Survey,  Improvement, 
AND  Maintenance  of  the  Harbors  and  Tributary  Streams 
OF  Lake  Champlain.  by  Periods  and  Localities. 


Date  of 
earliest 
appro- 
pria- 
tion. 

APPROPRIATIONS. 

LOCAUTT. 

Total. 

Up  to  and 

including 

1890. 

1S91  to 
1906.  in- 
clusive. 

1907  to 
1916  in- 
clusive. 

Total 

1838 

1836 
1890 
1836 
18,84 
1881 
1836 

1836 
1836 
1886 
1836 
1872 
1873 

$1,537,765 

$1,133,660 

$211,750 

$192. ^W 

399,180 
18,000 

233, 180 
98,500 
16,500 
33,000 

1,138,585 
832,335 
34,750 

'  138,500 
62,500 
70,500 

328,680 
10,000 

185,680 
83,500 
16,500 
33,000 

804,980 
582, 230 
34,750 
76,000 
41,  .WO 
70,500 

28,000 
8,000 
5,000 

15,000 

42,500 

42,500 

Rouse  Point  Breakwater 

Wlutehall  Harbor 

Vermont    

183,750 
117,750 

149,855 
132,355 

Burlington  Harbor 

Gordons  Landing  Harbor. . . 
Lake  Champlain  Narrows.. . 

45,000 
21,000 

17,500 

Swanton  Harbor 

» Includes  $31,000  appropriated  for   deepening   the    channel   near  St.  Albans, 
called  the  "Gut." 

During  the  10  years  ending  with  the  close  of  1916 
the  amounts  appropriated  for  sui-vey,  maintenance, 
and  improvement  of  Lake  Champlain  and  its  tribu- 
taries was  devoted,  for  the  most  part,  to  the  needs 
of  the  harbors  at  Burlington,  Vt.,  and  Plattsburg,  N.  Y. 
Most  of  the  appropriations  since  18.36  have  been  ex- 
pended for  work  on  the  Vermont  side  of  the  lake. 


Various  appropriations  from  period  to  period  for 
the  Red  River  (of  the  North),  which  separates  Minne- 
sota from  South  Dakota,  and  also  for  Warroad 
Harbor  and  River  in  Minnesota  are  given  in  the 
following  statement: 

Congressional  Appropriations  for  the  Survey.  Improvement, 
and  Maintenance  OF  Red  River  (OF  the  North)  and  Warko  ad 
Harbor  and  Riveb. 


Date  of 

earliest 
appro- 
pria- 
tion. 

APPBOPRLITION3. 

Total. 

1 

Up  to 
and  in- 
cluding 
1690. 

1891  to 
1906,  in- 
clusive. 

1907  to 
1916,  in- 
clusive. 

Total 

1876 

1876 
1899 

$498,523 

$218,000 

$188,623  1    $91,900 

Red  River(ofthe  North) 

Warroad  Harbor  and  River. .  . . 

378,623 
119,900 

218,  WO 

'105,623 
83,000 

55,000 
36,900 

'  Includes  appropriations  for  survey   of  Ottertail  Lake  and  River,  and  Red 
Lake  and  Red  Lake  River. 

The  bulk  of  the  appropriation  has  alwaj's  been 
devoted  to  the  improvement  of  the  Red  River  (of  the 
North) .  The  appropriations  for  this  river  since  1 876, 
including  those  made  during  the  last  10  years, 
amounted  to  over  three-fourths  of  the  total  shown  in 
the  statement. 

Table  30  shows  in  detail,  for  aU  vessels,  the  prin- 
cipal statistics  of  transportation  on  the  canals  and 
other  inland  waters  of  the  United  States,  by  class, 
occupation,  and  ownership,  for  1916. 


216 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 

Table  30.— ALL  VESSELS,  BY  CLASS, 


CLASS,  OCCUPATION,  AND  OWNERSmP. 

Num- 
ber of 
vessels. 

TONNAGE. 

RIGGED. 

HORSEPOWER 
OF  ENGINES. 

CONSTRUCTION. 

Cross 

Net. 

Screw. 

Side 
wheel. 

stem 
wheel. 

Steam. 

Gaso- 
line. 

Metal. 

Wood. 

Com- 
posite. 

1 

Aggregate 

2,052 

196,462 

176,210 

467 

14 

96 

35,160 

7,980 

44 

1,995 

13 

3 

340 

23,907 

15,500 

206 

12 

62 

35,160 

30 

299 

11 

Freight  and  passenger 

3 

4 
5 
6 
7 

8 
9 
10 
U 
12 
13 

14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 

20 
2t 
22 
23 
24 
25 

26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 

32 

163 

138 

6 

19 

14 

116 
50 
41 

2 
17 

6 

28 
6 
14 

17,068 

5,762 

278 

451 

345 

5,697 

3,547 

1,464 

74 

432 

180 

865 
415 
308 

10,978 

3,760 

226 

316 

214 

4,241 

2,709 

1,004 

57 

301 

110 

CI  6 
301 
234 

139 
106 

2 
17 

2 

83 
41 
26 
1 
15 

6 
5 
1 

18 
27 
3 
2 
12 

33 
9 

15 
1 
2 
6 

13 
2 
5 

22, 104 
10,933 

214 
1,661 

248 

8,404 
2,797 
3,805 
60 
1,619 
123 

952 
300 
475 

15 
13 
1 
1 

138 
124 
5 
18 
14 

107 
49 
34 

2 
16 

6 

28 
6 
14 

10 
1 

Yachts 

9 
1 
7 

Freight  and  passenger       

Yachts       

1 

Firm 

15 
4 
9 

Freight  and  passenger 

Ferryboat* 

Yachts 

2 

6 

178 

107 

US 

3 

22' 

120 

16,785 

13, 106 

3,495 

184 

15 
66 

10,253 

7,968 

2,131 

154 

2 

42 
75 

24,952 

18,947 

5,881 

124 

2 

6 

147 

83 

02 

2 

11 
10 

1 

Miscellaneous 

6 

16 

7 
7 
2 

Tncnrpnraterl  cnrnpany 

1.51 
94 
56 

1 

11 
6 
5 

20 
14 
5 

1 

FcrrvlMjats 

Yachts 

MiprellaTipnns  , 

All  other 

18 

560 

390 

17 

1 

852 

1 

17 

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels       

15 

1 

495 
20 

337 
15 

15 

772 
30 

1 

14 

1 

Ferrvlwats 

1 

Miijcplliinpniis, 

2 
237 

45 
3,985 

38 
2,989 

2 
201 

50 

2 

228 

2 

2 

34 

7,9S0 

7 

33 
34 
35 
36 
37 

38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 

44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 

97 
16 

n 

102 
11 

163 
52 
9 
8 
91 
3 

32 
18 
2 
2 
7 
3 

36 
27 
5 

1,878 
196 
225 

1, 430 
256 

2,254 
622 
132 
161 

1,303 
36 

431 
279 
20 
27 
53 
52 

1,095 

977 
44 

1,422 

157 

IS2 

1,035 

193 

1,709 
615 

99 
122 
944 

29 

310 
192 
16 
23 
39 
40 

809 

715 

42 

79 
15 

6 
93 

8 

H3 
41 
8 
5 
86 
3 

23 
14 
2 
1 
5 
1 

31 
24 
5 

i' 

18 
1 
3 
9 
3 

18 
11 
1 
1 
5 

3,696 
653 
372 

2,957 
402 

4,672 

1,242 

369 

305 

2,701 

55 

1,097 
796 
60 
45 
141 
55 

1,897 

1,658 

124 

5 

i 

1 

i' 

1 

i 

5 
5 

92 
16 
11 
99 
10 

100 
52 
9 
8 
88 
3 

31 
IS 
2 
2 
7 
2 

31 

22 

5 

2' 

2 

2 

Ferrvlx)ats 

Misc^llATleniis 

IndiWdual            .  .              

Tugs  and  other  towing  vessels 

Yachts 

MiscellftneouR.   . . 

Firm 

9 
4 

1 
2 

2 

5 
3 

YiK-lits             

51 
52 
53 

Freight  and  passenger                    

Ferryboats 

54 

55 

Yachts             

4 

74 

52 

2 

2 

115 

4 

'  All  other 

6 

205 

161 

4 

2 

314 

6 

57 
58 
59 
60 
61 

62 

1 

37 

37 

1 

22 

1 

Yachts     

All  other 

5 
5 

168 
253 

124 
241 

4 

1 

292 

5 
5 

Sail 

63 
61 
65 

66 

2 
3 

138 
120 

126 
115 

2 
3 

Yachts        

..     . 

Individual                                                     

5 
2 
3 

25S 
138 
120 

241 
126 
115 

5 
2 
3 

::::::;:i 

68 
69 

70 

TJWRIGGED 

1,470 

108,312 

157,480 

7 

i,4(a 

71 

1,056 
414 

639 

582 

57 

157 
76 
81 

593 
398 
200 

76 

134,390 
33,922 

79, 821 

77,380 

2,441 

10,418 
5,985 
4,433 
73,689 
51,025 
22, 664 

4,384 

125, 170 
32,310 

75, 189 

72,  .SI  18 

2,321 

10,095 
5.796 
4,299 

58,204 
46, 506 
21, 698 

3,992 

[ 

l,0.')li 
407 

036 

5S2 

54 

157 
76 
81 

594 
398 
196 

76 

72 

7? 

7 
3 

3 

76 

7S 

4 

SO 

81 

4 

so 

All  other 

SI 

S4 

All  other  unrigged 

7ti 

4,384 

3,992 

1           1 

76 

1 

CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLAND  WATERS. 

OCCUPATION,  AND  OWNERSHIP:  1916. 


217 


Value  of 
vessels. 

INCOME. 

Number 
employed 
on  vessels. 

Wages. 

NUWDEB     OP     PASSENGERS 
CARRIED. 

FREIGHT    CARRIED    (TONS  OF 
2,000  POUNDS). 

Total. 

Freight. 

Passengers. 

.Ml  other. 

Regular. 

Excursion. 

Exclusive  of 
lighterage. 

Lighterage  or 
harbor  work. 

t5, 748, 086 

$4, 192, 323 

$2,004,189 

1628,092 

SI,. 560, 042 

3,174 

$1,268,895 

1,426,349 

578, 687 

2,  .542, 626 

516,853 

1 

2,  752, 683 

1,353,272 

2.56, 28S 

533, 238 

563,746 

1,291 

618,139 

1,211,743 

43.5,046 

185,844 

2,250 

2 

1971,  70S 

646,025 

34,850 

85,100 

15,000 

410, 4.50 
160,5.50 
152,  500 

6,500 
82,100 

8,800 

57,6.50 
24,01)0 
26, 900 

837,292 
477, 102 
21,767 

220,  .560 

27,  .S91 

7,837 

522,367 

94,365 

449,211 

3,059 

782 
448 
10 
25 
26 

285 

140 

99 

3 

25 

18 

68 
27 
34 

271,013 

219, 965 

6,857 

10,885 

9,419 

112,882 
49,  .505 
43, 369 

1,757 
10,  .885 

7,366 

27,680 
9,729 
16,648 

1,184,897 

3.53,802 

156,651 

29,147 

46 

2,250 

3 
4 

10,871 

26,846 

81,244 

,") 

6 

17,111 

218,584 

92,211 

110,061 

3,316 

17,111 

138,301 

13,364 

110,061 

1,8S0 

7 

56,899 
56,713 

23,384 
22,134 

33,534 

27,  .564 

111,745 
111,609 

58,400 
58,354 

8 

9 

10 

186 

1,250 

5,970 

136 

46 

11 

12,996 

60,500 
22, 0,S7 
35,213 

12,996 

39,194 

781 

35,213 

13 
14 

16,491 
16, 491 

4,815 
4,815 

12,119 
12,119 

5,273 
6,273 

23,710 
23,710 

15 

16 

3,000 
3,750 

2,214,525 

1,787,1.58 

400,017 

27,350 

IS 

3,200 

1,029,004 

722. 994 

287,5.59 

18,451 

3,200 

341,067 

80,220 

259,668 

1,179 

7 

879 

615 

258 

6 

1,303 

349,195 

211,779 

132,916 

4,600 

19 

182,898 

147, 3.56 

27, 891 

7,651 

505,039 
495, 418 

1,166,090 
1,145,214 

316,828 
236,920 

103,734 
74,587 
29,147 

2,250 
2,250 

20 
21 
22 
?1 

9,621 

20,876 

79,908 

71 

70,058 

45,184 

45,184 

59 

28,382 

1,200 

07 

66,608 
1,000 

44,269 

44,269 

57 

1 

27,032 
600 

?ft 

1,200 

00 

2,450 
608,603 

915 
213,068 



915 

79,947 

1 
326 

750 
75,461 

31 

39,148 

93,973 

203,806 

143,641 

11,225 

1? 

249,219 
35,665 
29,900 

258, 169 
35,650 

358,234 
68,850 
18,365 
22,900 

244,519 
3,600 

56,700 
36,900 
4,500 
3,500 
8,000 
3,800 

161,919 
143. 469 

12,800 

136,483 

20,844 

36,412 

1,010 

18,319 

101,691 

48,427 

9,422 

30,415 

585 

12,842 

39.713 

28,213 

3,700 

5,475 

425 

1,900 

67,565 

59,843 

7,722 

38, 123 

84,458 

13,902 
20,844 
25,992 
890 
18,319 

50,096 
3,475 
9,422 

23,892 
465 

12,842 

13,038 
4,913 
3,700 
2,100 
425 
1,900 

13,236 
5,514 
7,722 

123 
20 
14 
47 
22 

113 
60 

9 
11 
37 

6 

35 

25 

4 

1 

37, 236 
8,277 
6,212 

14,241 
9,495 

37,152 
13, 0.53 
3,850 
4,268 
10.371 
5,010 

11,065 

8,651 

1,2.50 

144 

141,683 

143,429 

10,880 

1? 

?4 

1,000 
25 

9,420 
95 

62,078 
45 

335 
10 

IS 

212 

16 

37 

7,830 
6,805 

43,765 
38, 147 

109,050 
53,127 

95,567 
95,355 

4,368 
4,023 

?R 

19 

40 

1,0^0 
25 

5,523 
95 

65,878 
45 

335 
10 

41 

212 

4? 

41 

3,010 
3,010 

23,665 
20,290 

27.806 
25,606 

22,862 
22,862 

926 
926 

44 

4*) 

46 

3,375 

2,200 

47 

48 

5 

65 

48 
7 

1,020 

21,979 
14,9.32 
3,177 

49 

28,308 
28,308 

26,021 
26,021 

62,950 
62,950 

25,212 
25,212 

5,931 
6,931 

V) 

51 

5H 

.53 

5,650 

10 

3,870 

.54 

■)5 

31,750 

4,099 

522 

3,577 

13 

5,265 

4,000 

56 

.57 

,58 

3,500 

522 

522 

2 

1,800 

4,000 

M 

60 

28,250 
8, 6.50 

3,577 
1,150 

3,577 

U 

5 

3,466 

1,280 

61 

1,150 

1,920 

fi? 

1,700 
6,950 

1,150 

1,150 

3 
2 

2.80 
1,000 

1,920 

6.1 

64 

65 

8,6.50 
1,700 
6,960 

1,1.50 
1,150 

1,150 
1,150 

5 
3 
2 

1,2,80 

2,S0 

1,000 

1,920 
1,920 

66 

67 

68 

;:::::::::::;:;;;:::;:;::::;; 

69 

2,  .378, 150 

2,624,833 

1,707,603 

881 

916,349 

1,652 

674,015 

10,800 

2,343,637 

514,603 

70 

1,288,315 
1,089,835 

967,0.58 

907,270 

59,7SS 

229,4.50 
30,2.50 
199,200 

1,056,332 
350,  795 
705,537 

125,310 

1,5.85.281 
1,039,552 

962.013 
917.1.S5 

44,828 
162.998 

37. 324 
125,674 

1,386,2.57 
630,  772 
755,485 

11.3,565 

1,513,803 
193,800 

869,840 

855,920 

13,920 

95,366 
36,244 
59,122 

741,897 
621,639 
120, 258 

500 

71,478 
844, 871 

91,292 

61,263 
30,027 

67, 632 

l,n.so 

66,552 

644,360 

9,133 

635,227 

113,065 

1,0.57 
595 

527 

1                484 

43 

95 
38 
57 

915 
535 
380 

115 

332, 050 
341,905 

187,269 
17.5,318 
11,951 

33,204 
13,023 
20,181 

389,388 
143,709 
245,679 

64,154 

1,827,  .531 
516,106 

94,8,347 

931, .S14 

16,533 

317,889 
161,839 
156,050 

1,077,184 

73:1,878 

343,306 

217 

282,180 
232,423 

290,742 
20^072 
82,670 

35,517 

71 

881 
881 



10,800 
10,800 

7? 

71 

74 

881 

10,800 

7.5 

7« 

35,617 

188,344 

74,108 
114,236 

78 

1 

79 

80 

81 

1 

8? 

S3 

125,310 

113,563 

,                     500 

113,065 

113                   64.154 

217 

84 

' 

218 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


THE    DEVELOPMENT  OF    INLAND  WATERWAYS. 


QENERAI^    REVIEW. 

The  development  of  inland  waterways  during  the 
past  decade  has  not  continued  to  the  extent  that  might 
be  desired,  but  sufficiently,  however,  to  encourage 
renewed  efforts  for  greater  success.  Further  devel- 
opment is  necessary  to  meet  the  demands  of  existing 
commerce,  to  relieve  in  a  large  degree  the  recurrence 
of  congestion  at  the  several  ports,  and  to  promote  and 
enlarge  water-borne  traffic  between  the  several  states. 

Of  inland  waterway  improvements  fostered  by 
states  dm'ing  the  last  decade  the  cknal-barge  system, 
developed  b}'  New  York  state  at  a  cost  of  over 
$190,000,000,  is  the  greatest.  The  most  important  of 
private  enterprises  was  the  building  of  a  canal  across 
Cape  Cod,  while  the  Federal  Government  has  appro- 
priated millions  for  many  important  river  and  harbor 
improvements  all  over  the  country,  and  a  number  of 
examinations  and  surveys  of  proposed  inland  water- 
ways have  been  authorized  by  Congress. 

Of  projects  advocated,  the  most  important  is  a  con- 
tinuous inland  waterway  from  Maine  to  Florida  (known 
as  the  Atlantic  Intracoastal  Waterway),  across  Florida 
from  the  Atlantic  coast  to  the  Gulf  coast,  along  the 
Gulf  coast  to  the  Mississippi  Valley,  up  the  Mississippi 
Valley  to  the  Great  Lakes,  and  then  utilizing  the 
Hudson  River  and  New  York  State  Barge  Canal  Sys- 
tem to  join  the  traffic  of  the  Great  Lakes  and  the  St. 
Lawrence  Valley  to  the  entire  coastal  region. 

It  is  proposed  to  canalize  rivers  and  streams  along 
the  route  selected,  to  improve  bays  and  sounds,  to 
enlarge  existing  canals,  and  to  build  new  canals.  Some 
of  the  Unks  in  this  waterway  are  completed,  others 
under  way,  some  approved,  and  others  to  be  approved. 
When  these  links  are  welded  together  the  country  will 
have  an  inland  waterway,  navigable  for  canal  barges  of 
a  standard  size,  in  touch  with  the  seaports,  industrial 
centers,  and  areas  of  natural  production. 

Among  the  more  important  hnks  in  the  Atlantic 
Intracoastal  Waterways  are  the  following:' 

Cape  Cod  Canal,  already  completed  and  in  operation. 

Long  Island  Sound. 

New  York  Bay — Raritan  Bay. 

Raritan  Bay  to  Delaware  River  (South  Amboy  to  Bordentown, 
N.  J.).  A  sliip  canal  is  to  bo  built  acrosa  the  state  of  New  Jersey 
connecting  these  terminals. 

Delaware  River,  Bordentown  to  Delaware  City. 

Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal — to  be  purchased  and  made  intoa 
sea-level  waterway  connecting  Delaware  River  and  Chesapeake  Bay. 

Chesapeake  Bay,  from  head  of  bay  to  Norfolk,  Va. 

Norfolk,  Va.,  to  Beaufort,  N.  C. — an  inland  waterway  crossing 
Albemarle  and  Pamlico  Sounds.  Approved  by  Congress  in  1912. 
Work  under  way,  probably  one-half  completed.  The  project  in- 
cludes the  Albemarle  and  Chesapeake  Canal,  which  was  purchased 
by  the  Federal  Government  in  1913. 

Beaufort,  N.  C,  to  St.  Johns  River,  Fla.  The  following  links 
between  these  points  have  been  examined  by  the  Army  engineers 

'  Proceedings  of  Atlantic  Deeper  Waterway  Convention,  1914, 
page  324. 


and  construction  of  inland  waterways  recommended:  Beaufort, 
N.  C,  to  Cape  Fear,  N.  C;  Cape  Fear  to  Little  River,  S.  C;  Little 
River  to  Winyah  Bay,  S.  C;  and  Winyah  Bay  to  Charleston  Har- 
bor, S.  C.  The  links  under  construction  are  Charleston  Harbor  to 
Savannah  River,  Ga. ;  Savannah  River  to  Fernandina,  Fla.;  and 
Femandina  to  St.  Johns  River,  Fla. 

This  intracoastal  waterway  along  the  Atlantic  sea- 
board when  completed  will  include  about  1,800  miles 
of  continuous  inland  navigation,  obtained  by  con- 
necting existing  waterways,  improving  same,  and  the 
excavation  of  about  131  miles.  The  cost  to  the  Fed- 
eral Government  is  estimated  at  $47,800,000.  In 
addition,  several  of  the  states,  cities,  and  towns  have 
contributed  to  the  project.  Into  this  intracoastal 
waterway  empty  the  waters  of  148  rivers.  Many  of 
these  rivers  are  important  factors  in  commercial  devel- 
opment, but  many  more  are  nearly,  if  not  entirely, 
useless.  It  is  purposed  to  improve  the  latter  in  ac- 
cordance with  their  importance.  The  combined 
length  of  the  148  rivers  is  5,365  miles,  and  they  are  of 
inestimable  value  to  the  proposed  trunk  hne. 

The  next  link  in  the  greater  waterway  is  across 
Florida,  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
thence  along  the  Gulf  coast  from  western  Florida  to 
the  Mississippi  River.  If  a  more  feasible  route  is  not 
recommended  by  the  Army  engineers,  the  route  across 
Florida  will  be  from  JacksonvUle  via  St.  Johns  and 
Oklawaha  Rivers  and  canals  to  Harris  Lake  (Lees- 
burg),  thence  by  canal  and  the  Withlachoochee  River 
to  the  Gulf.  Part  of  th'e  route  is  under  construction 
and  some  existing  canals  have  been  acquired. 

An  inland  waterway  from  the  Mississippi  River  to 
Mobile,  Ala.,  is  in  operation  via  Lake  Borgne  Canal, 
Lake  Borgne,  Mississippi  Sound,  and  Mobile  Bay. 
E.xaminations  and  surveys  from  Mobile  Bay,  Ala.,  to 
Pensacola  Bay,  Fla.,  have  been  ordered  by  Congress. 
Santa  Rosa  Sound  from  the  east  end  of  Pensacola 
Bay  has  been  improved,  especially  the  narrows  which 
connects  the  sound  with  Choctawatchee  Bay.  A 
waterway  is  in  contemplation  from  Choctawatchee 
Bay  to  St.  Andrews  Bay  to  connect  with  a  waterway 
already  in  operation  from  St.  Andrews  Bay  to  Apa- 
lacbicola  River.  Examinations  and  surveys  have 
been  ordered  of  St.  Georges  Sound  from  Apalachi- 
cola  River  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  for  an  inland 
waterway  on  the  Gulf  coast  of  Florida  connecting  St. 
Georges  Sound  with  Tampa  Bay. 

From  the  Gulf  to  the  Great  Lakes,  along  the  Missis- 
sippi Valley,  is  the  next  link  in  this  great  inland  water- 
way. It  is  proposed  to  improve  the  Mississippi  River 
to  St.  Louis,  canalize  the  Illinois  River  to  Joliet  and 
there  connect  with  the  Chicago  Dramage  and  Sliip 
Canal,  making  a  trunk  Ime  from  New  Orleans  to 
Chicago.  Another  proposed  route  is  via  the  Missis- 
sippi River  to  Cairo,  the  Ohio  River  to  Cincinnati, 
and  the  Miami  and  Erie  Canal  to  Toledo,  or  the  Ohio 
River  to  Portsmouth,  and  the  Ohio  and  Erie  Canal 


CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLAND  WATERS. 


219 


to  Clevelaud.  These  routes  will  connect  directly 
Lake  Michigan  and  Lake  Erie  with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

The  New  York  State  Barge  System  forms  the  last 
link  in  this  chain  of  inland  waterways.  It  extends 
from  the  Great  Lakes  to  the  St.  Lawrence  Valley  and 
New  England,  the  starting  point  of  this  gigantic 
waterway. 

As  vast  as  the  project  is,  there  is  to  be  added  to  it 
the  possibilities  of  all  its  tributaries,  for  the  proper 
development  of  inland  waterways  will  make  possible 
complete  connections  between  the  internal  water 
systems  of  tliis  coxmtry  and  through  them  with  other 
portions  of  the  outer  world. 

An  important  tributary,  practically  a  trunk  line 
itself,  is  the  proposed  inland  waterway  from  New 
Orleans  to  the  Rio  Grande.  The  first  link  in  this 
waterway  extends  from  New  Orleans  to  Morgan  City. 
The  most  direct  route  is  by  way  of  the  Barataria  and 
Lafourche  Canal,  generally  kno\\-n  as  Company's  Canal. 
This  canal  is  97  miles  long,  70  to  150  feet  wide,  and  6 
feet  deep  and  is  navigable  its  entire  length.  The 
canal  is  privately  owned,  but  it  is  purposed  to  have 
the  Federal  Government  pin-chase  it  and  make  it  a 
part  of  the  proposed  waterway  to  the  E.io  Grande. 
A  route  via  Donalds ville,  140  miles  long,  has  its  advo- 
cates, while  the  Plaquemine  route,  190  miles,  is  already 
available,  having  been  improved  by  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment. The  latter  follows  the  MLssissijjpi  Eiver  to 
Plaquemine,  thence  southerly  to  Morgan  City  by  the 
Plaquemine  waterway,  which  consists  of  the  Bayou 
Plaquemine,  Grand  River,  and  a  number  of  small  bays 
and  rivers  that  have  been  improved  and  united.  At 
Morgan  City  connection  is  made  through  the  lower 
Atchafalaya  Eiver  with  the  Bayou  Teche,  which  has 
been  canalized.  From  the  Bayou  Teche,  at  or  near 
Franklm,  La.,  to  the  Mermentau  River,  and  from  the 
Mermentau  River  to  the  Sabine  River,  La.,  are  two 
links  under  construction.  The  Imk  from  the  Sabine 
River  to  Galveston,  Tex.,  awaits  the  report  of  the 
Army  engineers,  while  the  following  links  are  under 
construction:  From  Galveston  to  Corpus  Chris ti  via 
West  Galveston  and  Oyster  Bays,  West  Galveston 
Bay  and  Brazos  River  Canal,  channel  between  Brazos 
River  and  Matagorda  Bay,  channel  from  Pass  Cavallo 
to  Aransas  Pass  via  Espiritu  Santo,  San  Antonio, 
Mesquite,  and  Aransas  Bays,  and  chamiel  from  Aransas 
Pass  via  Turtle  Cove  and  Corpus  Chris  ti  Baj-  to  Corpus 
Christi,  Tex.;  from  Corpus  Christi  Bay  through 
Laguna  De  La  Madre  to  Pouit  Isabel,  thence  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Rio  Grande.  Important  projects  for  the 
development  of  inland  waterways  are  noted  by  geo- 
graphic divisions  and  states  as  follows: 

NORTH   ATLANTIC   DIVISION. 

Massachusetts. — The  conception  of  a  ship  canal 
across  Cape  Cod  dates  back  over  200  years.  Up  to 
1900  there  was  a  succession  of  survey's  and  failures. 


but  during  the  last  decade  the  canal  has  been  built  at 
a  cost  of  S13,.500,000  and  was  opened  for  trafRc  July 
29,  1914.  It  is  the  most  important  link  yet  com- 
pleted in  the  proposed  gigantic  inland  waterway  sys- 
tem which  ■will  connect  the  great  business  centers  of  the 
country  and  put  them  in  touch  •with  the  commerce  of 
the  world.  The  canal  proper  is  7.68  miles  long,  but 
including  approach  channels,  it  is  13  miles  long.  The 
sm^ace  w-idth  is  200  feet,  bottom  width  100  feet,  and 
depth  at  mean  low  water  25  feet.  It  materially  short- 
ens the  distance  between  New  York  and  Boston,  and 
vessels  passing  through  the  cut  avoid  the  dangers  of 
the  outside  route  •which  have  ca'used  great  loss  of  life, 
ships,  and  cargoes. 

There  are  no  canalized  rivers  in  the  New  England 
states.  A  preliminary  examination  and  survey  of 
the  Connecticut  River  from  Hartford,  Comi.,  to 
Holyoke,  Mass.,  has  been  authorized  by  Congress,  to 
determine  whether  this  part  of  the  river  should  be 
canalized.  A  number  of  other  rivers  have  been  ex- 
amined with  a  view  of  securing  increased  depth  of 
channels.  The  construction  of  a  canal  or  waterway 
through  the  southern  boimdaries  of  Rhode  Island  is 
one  of  the  projects  being  urged  upon  Congress. 

New  Yarl: — The  barge-canal  improvement  made  in 
the  state  of  New  York  is  one  of  the  greatest  works  of 
its  kind  ever  undertaken  by  a  single  state.  It  covers  a 
length  of  553.8  miles  of  canal  construction  suitable  for 
boats  of  barge-canal  dimensions.  Five  canals  were  en- 
larged and  united  by  utilizing  nat'ural  streams  and  lakes 
wherever  available:  The  Erie,  stretching  across  the 
state  from  east  to  west  and  joining  the  Hudson  River 
and  Lake  Erie;  the  Champlain,  extending  northerly  to 
Lake  Champlain  from  the  eastern  terminus  of  the 
Erie;  the  Oswego,  leaving  the  Erie  where  the  waters 
of  the  Oneida  and  Seneca  Rivers  imite  and  following 
the  Oswego  River  to  Lake  Ontario;  the  Cavuga  and 
Seneca,  startmg  south  from  the  Erie  a  little  to  the  west 
of  the  Oswego  Junction  and  running  first  to  Cayuga 
and  then  to  Seneca  Lake;  and  the  Black  River  Canal, 
extending  from  Rome  to  Lyons  Falls.  The  terminals, 
locks,  reservoirs,  and  dams  are  on  a  stupendous  scale 
and  embody  the  latest  and  best  ideas  of  engineering 
skill.  Of  the  whole  waterway  sj-stem,  about  70  per 
cent  of  the  total  length  is  in  lake  or  river  channel. 
Towpaths  and  mule  teams  have  disappeared,  steam 
tugs  are  used  for  toNving,  and  many  of  the  barges 
have  their  own  power. 

The  Hudson  River,  located  entirely  in  New  York  s  tate, 
has  its  source  in  the  Adirondack  Mountains,  about  250 
miles  in  a  direct  line  from  the  Battery,  New  York  City, 
and  flows  in  a  generally  southern  direction  into  New 
York  Bay.  The  section  from  Waterford  to  Hudson,  a 
distance  of  38  miles  (about  117  miles  north  of  the  Bat- 
tery), is  being  extensively  improved  by  the  Federal 
Government.  A  vast  amoimt  of  channel  excavation 
I  has  been  done   and   much   more  is   required.     Ne^w 


220 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


dikes  have  been  built  and  old  ones  reconstructed.  The 
old  state  lock  and  dam  at  Troy  have  been  replaced  by 
a  new  dam  and  a  great  lock  520  by  45  feet.  The  cost 
to  the  United  States  for  new  work  to  June  30,  1916, 
was  nearly  $4,000,000.  The  state  of  New  York  and 
the  cities  of  Albany  and  Troy  have  also  contributed 
liberally  to  the  project  by  constructuig  and  maintain- 
ing great  terminals,  public  docks  and  warehouses,  and 
by  cooperating  in  the  building  of  dikes  and  by 
dredging  work.  The  Hudson  River,  from  a  line  join- 
ing the  Battery  and  Ellis  Island  to  the  northern  limits 
of  New  York  City,  a  distance  of  16  miles,  has  also  been 
improved.  The  largest  trans-Atlantic  steamers  can 
now  reach  their  pier  at  Iloboken,  N.  J.  Examination 
and  surveys  of  the  river  have  been  ordered  by  Con- 
gress, with  a  view  to  securing  a  depth  of  30  feet  from 
its  mouth  to  Hudson  and  a  depth  of  27  feet  from 
Hudson  to  Troy. 

At  Buffalo  the  state  government  has  built  a  mag- 
nificent terminal  for  the  barge-canal  system  and  made 
other  improvements.  The  city  has  built  a  ship  canal 
and  dredged  it  at  a  great  cost,  while  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment has  deepened  Black  Rock  Harbor,  also  called 
Black  Rock  Canal,  and  built  a  lock  650  feet  lon^,  70 
feet  wide,  and  20  feet  deep,  at  a  cost  of  $1,001,578. 
There  are  several  canals  connecting  with  the  outer 
harbor  owned  by  corporations. 

The  proposed  waterway  (from  Lake  Ontario  up  the 
bed  of  the  Genesee  River,  over  the  divide  at  Cuba,  and 
down  the  iUlegheny  River  to  Pittsbiu-gh,  where  it  will 
connect  with  the  Ohio  and  then  the  Mississippi  River) 
to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  still  remains  a  project  to  be 
accomplished.  Parts  of  the  Allegheny  and  Ohio 
Rivers  have  been  canalized  and  the  mouth  of  the 
Genesee  River  improved,  but  little  has  been  done  be- 
yond this,  though  a  tlu-ough  inland  waterway  from 
Lake  Ontario  to  the  Gidf  will  be  of  inestimable  value 
to  conomerce. 

New  Jersey. — ^The  greatest  project  for  the  devel- 
opment of  inland  waterways  in  New  Jersey  is  the 
construction  of  a  ship  canal  from  Raritan  Bay  (Mor- 
gan) to  Delaware  River  (Bordentown).  It  is  a  link 
in  the  proposed  Atlantic  lutracoastal  Waterway,  a 
waterway  destined  to  become  an  important  inland 
carrier  for  the  Atlantic  trade  of  the  American  and 
Eiu-opean  nations.  The  pending  proposition  is  for 
New  Jersey  to  provide  the  right  of  way  and  the 
Ignited  States  to  build  the  canal.  The  state  has 
had  a  survey  made.  The  center  line  and  monu- 
mentmg  has  been  completed  from  Bordentown  to 
Morgan,  and  the  Federal  Government  has  been  re- 
quested to  accept  the  line  as  monumented.  The  piu*- 
chase  and  utilization  of  the  Delaware  and  Raritan 
Canal,  which  connects  Bordentown  and  New  Bruns- 
■Rick  on  the  Raritan  River,  has  some  advocates,  but  a 
direct  cut  across  the  state,  33  miles  in  length,  25  feet 
deep,  and  125  feet  wide  (bottom),  is  the  project  that  is 
being  urged  upon  Congress  and  the  New  Jersey  Leg- 


islature. This  sea-level  ship  canal  will  connect  in- 
land commerce  with  New  York  City  and  tlirough 
Long  Island  Sound  with  New  England;  also  it  will 
connect  this  commerce  with  the  Hudson  River,  the 
St.  LawTence  River  on  the  north  and  the  Great 
Lakas,  by  way  of  the  New  York  State  Barge  Canal, 
on  the  west.  At  the  southern  end  the  canal  will  con- 
nect with  Norfolk,  Va.,  and  other  points  south  via 
Delaware  River,  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal,  and 
Chesapeake  Bay.  The  rivers  of  New  Jersey  are  not 
canalized.  The  channels  of  the  Passaic,  Raritan,  and 
Hackensack  Rivers  have  been  made  A^ader  and  deeper. 
The  .fVjtlmr  KUl,  or  Staten  Island  Sound,  which  con- 
nects upper  New  York  Bay  with  Raritan  Bay,  one  of 
the  terminals  of  the  proposed  ship  canal,  has  also  been 
improved.  There  are  two  corporate-owned  canals  of 
considerable  size.  One  of  these,  the  Morris  Canal,  con- 
necting Hudson  River  (Jersey  Cit}-)  and  Delaware  River 
(Easton,  Pa.),  is  106.7  miles  long,  25  feet  wide  (bottom), 
and  5  feet  deep.  It  has  32  locks,  11  by  95  feet,  and  an 
inclined  plane  at  Newark.  The  canal  is  but  little  iised, 
the  traffic  in  1916  amounting  to  only  11,449  tons.  The 
Delaware  and  Raritan  Canal  is  44  miles  long,  40  feet 
wide  (bottom),  and  8  feet  deep,  and  it  has  13  locks,  23§ 
by  210  feet.  The  traffic  in  1916  amounted  to  331,006 
tons.  There  is  a  feeder  to  this  canal,  from  Raven 
Rock  to  Trenton,  22  miles  long.  An  examination  and 
survey  has  been  ordered  for  an  inland  waterway  on  the 
Atlantic  coast  between  Cape  May  and  New  York  Baj'. 

Pennsijlvania. — To  connect  Pittsburgh  and  Lake 
Erie  by  ship  canal  is  a  project  that  western  Penn- 
sylvania has  advocated  for  many  years.  The  dis- 
tance is  a  Uttle  over  100  miles,  and  to  obtain  this 
inland  waterway  it  is  proposed  to  utilize  the  Ohio 
River  from  Pittsburgh  to  Beaver,  Pa.,  and  construct 
a  canal  from  Beaver  to  Ashtabula,  Ohio,  of  which 
a  large  part  ^\^ll  be  formed  by  canalizing  rivers  and 
streams.  This  all-water  route  wdl  make  possible 
the  direct  shipment  by  lake  vessels  of  iron  ore  from 
the  Lake  Superior  mines  to  furnaces  along  the  route 
of  the  canal*,  and  the  shipment  of  coal  from  western 
Pennsylvania  mines  to  the  upper  lake  ports. 

Tlie  Oliio  River  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the 
Allegheny  and  Monongahela  Rivers  at  Pittsburgh, 
Pa.  It  flows  in  a  generally  southwestern  direction 
and  empties  into  the  Mississippi  River  at  Cairo,  111. 
The  total  length  of  the  river  is  968.5  miles.  For  the 
actual  construction  of  the  new  locks  and  dams  and  the 
operation  and  care  of  the  completed  structures  the 
river  is  divided  mto  four  sections.  The  Pittsburgh 
section  extends  from  the  head  of  the  river  at  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa.,  to  Steubenville,  Ohio,  a  distance  of  05.7 
miles;  the  Wheehng  section  extends  from  Steuben- 
ville to  a  point  2  miles  below  Huntington,  W.  Va.,  a 
distance  of  245.2  miles;  the  Cincinnati  section  ex- 
tends from  a  point  2  miles  below  Himtington  to  a 
point  2  miles  above  Madison,  Ind.,  a  distance  of 
242.7   miles;   the  Louisville  section   extends  horn   a 


CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLAND  WATERS. 


221 


point  2  miles  above  Madison,  Ind.  (50  miles  above 
LoTiisville,  Ky.),  to  Mound  City,  111.,  a  distance  of  40S 
miles.  In  its  original  condition  the  Ohio  Kiver 
was  much  obstructed  throughout  its  entire  length 
by  snags,  rocks,  aud  gravel  and  sand  bars,  rendering 
navigation  difficult  and  hazardous.  The  canahza- 
tion  of  the  river  began  in  1S75  with  the  construction 
of  a  lock  and  movable  dam  at  Davis  Island,  4.7  miles 
below  the  head  of  the  river.  Canalization  was  renewed 
in  1906,  and  on  July  1,  1916,  there  were  m  operation 
in  the  Pittsburgh  section  10  locks  and  dams,  which 
cost  to  construct  about  §11,500,000. 

The  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  section  had  5  locks  and 
dams  in  operation  and  4  practically  completed. 
In  addition,  there  were  6  \mder  construction  and  3 
to  be  built.  The  Cincinnati  section  had  but  1  lock 
completed,  1  nearly  so,  4  others  imder  way,  and  6 
proposed.  In  the  Louisville  section  there  was  1  old 
lock  in  operation,  a  new  one  under  construction  to 
replace  it,  2  others  imder  way,  and  10  to  be  built. 
The  Ohio  River  is  thus  canalized  its  whole  length. 
The  total  nimiber  of  locks  in  operation  July  1,  1916, 
was  17;  number  under  construction,  18  (including 
No.  4l,  which  is  to  replace  old  lock  No.  41);  number 
to  be  constructed,  19,  making  a  total  of  53.  In  con- 
nection with  new  lock  No.  41,  the  Louis-^-ille  and 
Portland  Canal  is  being  widened  to  200  feet.  This 
canal  is  2  miles  long  and  pro^'ides  a  passage  around 
the  falls  of  the  Ohio  River  at  Louisville.  The  lock 
is  at  the  lower  end  of  the  canal  and  the  dam  at  the 
upper  end.  The  amount  expended  in  all  projects 
to  June  30,  1916,  was  $39,603,695.  Amoimt  (esti- 
mated) required  to  be  appropriated  for  completion 
of  existing  projects,  839,066,604,  which  amount 
includes  balance  available  for  fiscal  year  endmg  June 
30,  1917.  The  report  of  the  Chief  of  Engmeers, 
United  States  Army,  for  1916,  page  1212,  states  that 
"the  work  of  canalization  of  the  Ohio  River  is 
not  sufficiently  advanced  to  have  any  appreciable 
effect  on  freight  rates.  *  *  *  Xhe  great  future 
benefit  of  the  improvement  will  be  felt  only  when 
the  slack-water  system  has  been  extended  far  enough 
down  stream  to  permit  of  continuous  navigation 
at  all  times  (except  when  interfered  with  by  floods 
or  ice)  over  a  longer  section  of  the  river.  It  should 
be  noted,  however,  that  the  large  manufacturing 
concerns  state  that  the  certainty  of  coal  delivery 
by  water  is  a  much  greater  advantage  than  the 
actual  saving  m  cost."  The  Allegheny  and  Mononga- 
hela  Rivers  are  both  canalized,  and  water  transporta- 
tion has  thus  been  rendered  easier  and  safer.  The 
Allegheny  has  3  locks  and  dams  between  Pittsburgh 
and  Natrona,  a  distance  of  24  miles.  Locks  and 
dams  Nos.  4  to  S,  inclusive,  intended  to  extend 
slack  water  from  Natrona  to  RLmerton,  37  miles, 
remain  to  be  built.  The  Monongahela  River  is 
canalized   its   entire   length,    12S   miles.     It  has    15 


locks  and  dams  in  operation.  The  improvement 
has  made  water  transportation  thoroughly  depend- 
able and  thus  has  enabled  a  heavy  traffic  in  freight 
to  develop  with  a  marked  effect  on  rates. 

The  Delaware  River  has  its  source  in  southeastern 
New  York,  flows  in  a  generally  southern  direction, 
forms  the  boundary  line  between  the  states  of  New 
York  and  New  Jersey  on  the  east  and  Pennsylvania 
and  Delaware  on  the  west,  and  empties  into  Delaware 
Bay.  The  total  length  is  about  315  miles.  Sections 
of  this  river  are  being  extensively  improved.  The 
part  from  Trenton,  N.  J.,  to  Delaware  City  forms  an 
important  link  in  the  proposed  Atlantic  Intracoastal 
Waterway.  The  Delaware  River  is  already  an 
ample  waterway  for  the  purposes  of  the  proposed 
continuous  inland  route,  but  it  is  desired  to  have  the 
channel  deep  enough  for  vessels  of  increased  draft. 
There  are  3  canals  owned  by  corporations:  The 
Schuylkill  Navigation  Co.  Canal,  the  Lehigh  Coal 
and  Na\ngation  Co.  Canal,  and  the  Delaware  Division 
Canal.  The  fii-st  named  extends  from  tidewater  at 
Philadelphia  to  Port  Clinton,  Pa.,  a  distance  of  90 
miles,  and  has  55  locks,  18  by  110  feet;  the  Lehigh 
extends  from  Easton  to  Mauch  Chunk,  is  47  miles 
long,  and  has  49  locks;  and  the  Delaware  Division 
Canal,  owned  by  the  Lehigh  Co.,  has  25  locks,  ex- 
tends from  Easton  to  Bristol,  and  is  59  miles  in  length. 

SOUTH   ATLANTIC   DIVISION. 

Delaware. — The  state  of  Delaware,  having  the  Dela- 
ware River  as  one  of  its  boundary  lines,  is  naturally 
much  interested  in  the  river's  improvement,  which  was 
referred  to  in  connection  with  the  inland  waterways  of 
Pennsylvania.  This  river  is  directly  beneficial  to  the 
commerce  of  four  states,  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  and  Delaware. 

The  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal  connects  the 
Delaware  River  with  Chesapeake  Bay.  It  is  13| 
miles  in  length,  60  feet  wide  (surface),  and  10  feet 
deep  and  has  3  locks,  220  by  24  feet.  It  is  owned  by 
a  corporation  and  was  opened  for  navigation  in  1829. 
The  amount  of  freight  carried  annually,  as  well  as  the 
location  of  the  canal,  makes  it  a  very  important  one. 
Its  purchase  by  the  United  States  is  proposed  as 
a  necessary  link  in  the  great  Atlantic  Intracoastal 
Waterway. 

An  inland  waterway  or  tidal  canal  12  miles  in 
length,  between  Rehoboth  Bay  and  Delaware  Bay,  is 
imder  construction.  It  will  be  6  feet  average  depth  at 
mean  low  water  and  40  to  50  feet  in  width.  The  mini- 
mum usable  depth  in  1916  was  2\  to  5  feet.  The  state 
and  interested  parties  have  provided  the  right  of  way 
free  of  cost  to  the  United  States. 

Maryland. — The  Susquehanna  and  the  Patapsco 
Rivers  have  been  improved,  the  latter  very  exten- 
sively. The  Patapsco  River  is  of  considerable  impor- 
tance to  the  citv  of  Baltimore.     Above  the  citv  it  is  a 


222 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


flowing  stream  seldom  more  than  200  feet  wide,  while 
below  it  is  an  arm  or  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay  from  1  to 
4  miles  broad.  There  has  been  spent  on  this  river  over 
SS,000,000  by  the  Federal  Government  and  $750,000 
by  the  state  and  city.  In  addition,  the  city  of  Balti- 
more has  spent  nearly  $12,000,000  on  the  inner 
harbor. 

The  Potomac  River  begins  21  miles  below  Cmnber- 
land,  Md.  It  is  about  2S6  miles  long  and  empties  into 
Chesapeake  Bay.  The  channel  at  Washington,  D.  C, 
and  in  other  places  has  been  deepened  and  widened  so 
that  larger  and  deeper-draft  vessels  are  now  engaged 
in  trade. 

One  of  the  most  important  private  canals  of  the 
country  is  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio,  which  extends 
from  Washington,  D.  C,  to  Cumberland,  Md.,  a  dis- 
tance of  185  miles.  It  varies  in  width  from  50  to  100 
feet  (sm-face)  and  has  a  minimum  depth  of  6  feet.  It 
has  75  locks,  1 5  by  100  feet.  The  traffic  tonnage  of  the 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal  is  mainly  coal. 

Virginia. — The  development  of  the  Potomac  River 
is  of  much  interest  to  Virginia.  Improvements  have 
been  made  at  Alexandria  which  enable  deep-draft 
steamers  and  vessels  to  enter  the  port.  Trade  has 
increased,  and  general  results  are  beneficial  to  this 
city.  The  Rappahannock  River,  which  rises  in  the 
Blue  Ridge  Mountains  and  flows  southeasterly  for 
about  212  miles  to  Chesapeake  Bay,  has  been  widened 
and  deepened  so  that  coastwise  trade  has  been  afforded 
access  to  the  upper  river.  The  James  and  Appomattox 
Rivers  have  been  improved  so  that  navigation  is  safer 
and  easier,  and  larger  and  deeper-draft  vessels  can  be 
used. 

West  Virginia. — There  are  several  canafized  rivers 
within  the  borders  of  West  Virginia.  The  Kanawha, 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  New  and  Gauley  Rivers 
a  short  distance  above  Kanawha  Falls,  flows  about  97 
miles  in  a  generally  northwestern  direction  and  emp- 
ties into  the  Ohio  River  at  Point  Pleasant,  W.  Va.  It 
is  canalized  practically  its  entire  length,  having  10  locks 
and  dams  located  at  various  points  along  the  river 
from  Montgomery  to  Point  Pleasant.  The  improve- 
ment has  rendered  transportation  by  water  easier  and 
safer.  The  commerce  consisted  principally  of  coal 
and  timber  products. 

The  Little  Kanawha,  another  canafized  river  of 
West  Virginia,  though  longer  than  the  Kanawha,  is  not 
as  deep  nor  as  important.  It  is  158  miles  long,  but  is 
canalized  only  from  its  mouth  to  Creston,  a  distance 
of  48  miles.  There  are  5  small  locks  and  dams,  and 
the  amoimt  of  freight  transported,  principally  timber 
products,  is  less  than  100,000  tons  annually. 

The  Ohio  River,  one  of  the  bovmdary  lines  of  West 
Virginia,  and  the  Monongahela  River,  which  has  its 
source  in  this  state,  are  described  under  the  rivers  of 
Pennsylvania. 


North  Carolina. — The  route  of  the  inland  waterway 
paraUeling  the  Atlantic  coast  between  Norfolk,  Va., 
and  Beaufort  Inlet,  N.  C,  a  distance  of  186  miles,  is  an 
important  part  of  the  Atlantic  Intracoastal  Water- 
waj'.  It  fies  in  natm-al  waterways,  with  the  exception 
of  foiu"  land  cuts  which  connect  existing  watercourses. 
It  includes  the  Albemarle  and  Chesapeake  Canal,  pur- 
chased by  the  United  States  in  1913  for  8500,000. 
Beginning  in  1873,  improvements  were  made  in  sec- 
tions, but  in  1912  provision  was  made  for  constructing 
the  entire  waterway  at  an  estimated  cost  of  §5,400,000. 
The  work  is  progressing  steadily  and  was  one-fourth 
completed  on  June  30,  1916.  There  is  a  waterway  ex- 
tending from  Beaufort  to  Swansboro,  through  the 
waters  of  Bogue  Soimd,  a  shallow  sheet  of  water  about 
25  miles  long  and  from  1  to  3  miles  wide,  which  has  a 
channel  100  feet  wide  and  3  feet  deep  at  ordinary  low 
water.  At  Swansboro  it  connects  with  a  tidal  water- 
way that  extends  to  New  River,  a  distance  of  22  miles. 
It  is  proposed  to  further  improve  these  two  waterways 
as  part  of  the  fink  in  the  Atlantic  Intracoastal  Water- 
way, from  Beaufort  to  Cape  Fear. 

Another  important  inland  waterway  extends  south 
from  Norfolk  via  Elizabeth  River,  Deep  Creek,  Dismal 
Swamp  Canal  (known  also  as  Lake  Dnmimond), 
Turners  Cut,  and  Pasquotank  River  to  Albemarle 
Sound,  N.  C,  a  distance  of  68.7  miles,  thence  to  Pam- 
fico  Sotmd  via  Croaton  Sound.  Considerable  freight 
passes  over  this  route,  the  value  of  which  in  1916  was 
$10,987,651. 

Cape  Fear  River  from  its  mouth  to  Fayetteville 
is  xmdergoing  improvement.  Below  Wilmington  a 
channel  of  uniform  depth  of  26  feet  at  mean  low 
water  has  been  dredged,  with  a  width  of  280  to  400 
feet  on  the  ocean  bar  and  150  to  300  feet  in  the 
river  channels.  Above  Wilmington  it  is  proposed 
to  secure  by  canalization,  dredging,  and  snagging  a 
navigable  depth  of  8  feet  at  low  water  to  the  head  of 
navigation  at  FayetteviUe,  115  miles.  Navigation  has 
been  secm-ed  as  far  as  Browns  Landing,  71  miles  above 
Wilmington,  and  boats  drawing  7  feet  of  water  go 
this  distance,  where  formerly  they  could  go  only  to 
Kings  Bluff,  39  miles  above  Wilmington.  A  lock 
and  dam  has  been  built  at  Kings  Bluff,  and  another 
one  is  nearly  completed  at  Browns  Landing.  The 
river  is  tidal  to  Kings  Bluff,  where  canalization  begins. 
The  Roanoke,  Neuse,  Trent,  New,  and  other  rivers 
of  North  Carolina  have  been  considerably  improved, 
to  the  advantage  of  navigation  and  freight  rates. 

Soidh  Carolina. — This  state  has  practically  no 
canalized  rivers  nor  any  large  canals.  The  Congaree 
River  from  Columbia  to  Granby,  a  distance  of  2  miles, 
not  being  navigable  because  of  swift  currents  and 
numerous  ledges  and  bowlders,  was  canalized  in  1904 
by  the  building  of  a  lock  and  dam  at  a  point  2  miles 
below    Gervais    Street    Bridge,    Columbia,    and    49 


CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLAND  WATERS. 


223 


miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  river.  The  entire  river 
was  dredged  and  snagged  to  the  extent  that  a  6-foot 
channel  was  secured  for  navigation  at  all  but  ex- 
treme low-water  stages.  Among  other  rivers  of 
the  state  that  have  been  improved  are  the  Santee, 
Wateree,  Great  and  Little  Pedee,  Waccamaw,  and 
Ashley.  The  Estherville  and  Minim  Creek  Canal, 
connecting  Santee  River  and  Winyah  Bay,  was 
opened  for  traffic  in  1906.  It  is  5  miles  long  and  6 
feet  deep,  with  a  minimum  width  of  20  feet. 

The  South  Carolina  coast  contributes  three  links 
to  the  Atlantic  Intracoastal  Waterway.  One  extends 
from  Little  River  to  Winyah  Bay,  covering  a  distance 
of  over  200  miles,  construction  of  which  has  been 
recommended.  Another  link  is  a  proposed,  channel 
7  feet  deep  from  Winyah  Baj'  to  Charleston  via  the 
existing  Estherville-Minim  Creek  Canal,  and  thence 
through  a  marsh,  utilizing  natural  waterways  where 
possible,  including  the  inland  waterway  between 
Charleston  Harbor  and  Alligator  Creek  (opposite 
McClellensville) ,  which,  though  recently  completed, 
has  a  depth  of  oidy  3  to  4  feet.  The  third  link  ex- 
tends from  Charleston  Harbor  to  Savannah,  Ga. 
Part  of  this  route  is  covered  by  an  inland  waterway 
which  connects  Savannah,  Ga.,  and  Beaufort,  S.  C, 
via  Fields  Cut,  Mud  River,  and  Ramshorn  Creek. 
It  has  a  length  of  53  miles,  a  minimum  width  between 
banks  of  200  feet,  and  a  minimum  low-water  depth 
of  7  feet. 

Georgia. — Along  the  coast  of  Georgia  and  a  portion 
of  Florida  is  an  inland  waterway,  147  miles  long, 
which  is  an  important  connecting  link  in  the  intra- 
coastal waterway.  The  waterway  is  tidal  throughout 
and  connects  Savannah,  Ga.,  and  Fernandina,  Fla., 
via  Skidaway  Narrows,  Creighton  Narrows,  Little 
Mud  River,  Frederica  Creek,  Jekyl  Creek,  and  Cumber- 
land River.  Before  any  improvement  was  undertaken 
the  controlling  depth  was  about  3  feet  at  mean 
low  water.  Ait«r  improvement,  the  controlling  depth 
was  7  feet  over  the  entire  route.  As  a  result  of  tliis 
improvement,  coastwise  commerce  in  vessels  of 
moderate  size  has  been  greatly  extended. 

The  Savannah  River  is  formed  by  the  jimction 
of  the  Tugaloo  and  Seneca  Rivers  on  the  north- 
western boundary  line.  It  flows  southeast  on  the 
boundary  line  and  empties  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 
The  river  has  been  improved  below  and  above  Augusta 
and  at  Augusta  (217  miles  from  the  mouth).  At 
Savannah  (17  miles  from  the  sea)  the  river  and  harbor 
have  been  provided  with  a  21  and  26  foot  channel.  In 
consequence  of  these  improvements  commerce  has 
greatly  increased,  freight  rates  have  been  reduced,  and 
the  establishment  of  permanent  terminals  on  the 
Augusta  water  front  made  possible. 

The  Coosa  River  belongs  to  both  Georgia  and 
Alabama.  The  original  project  for  its  improvement 
contemplated  the  opening  of  a  continuous  water 
route  of  transportation  from   the  Mississippi   River 


to  the  Atlantic  Ocean  by  way  of  the  Ohio,  Tennessee, 
Coosa,  Etawah,  Ocmulgee,  and  Altamaha  Rivers, 
with  canals  from  the  Tennessee  to  the  Coosa  and 
from  the  Etawah  to  the  Ocmulgee.  It  was  desig- 
nated as  the  "southern  route"  and  the  estimated 
cost  was  over  87,000,000.  The  Coosa  River,  how- 
ever, was  canalized  only  from  Rome,  Ga.,  to  7  miles 
below  Riverside  (58  miles  from  Gadsden),  a  distance 
of  165.5  miles.  There  are  5  locks  and  6  dams  in 
operation  at  various  points  along  the  route.  A  lock 
was  also  constructed  at  Wctumpka,  11  miles  from 
the  mouth  of  the  river,  but  it  has  never  been  put  in 
commission. 

Florida. — The  last  link  in  the  Atlantic  Intracoastal 
Waterway  extends  from  Cumberland  Sound,  oppo- 
site Fernandina,  Fla.,  to  St.  Johns  River,  about  6 
miles  from  its  mouth.  It  is  29  miles  long,  100  feet 
or  more  wide,  and  7  feet  deep  at  mean  low  water. 
The  channel  was  secured  by  dredging  Sisters  Creek 
and  other  natural  inside  waterways.  What  were 
formerly  tortuous  channels  through  salt  marsh  and 
shallow  unnavigable  stream  were  changed  to  a  tidal 
waterway  that  has  opened  up  a  valuable  trade  route 
and  forms  an  important  and  much-used  link  in  the 
inside  route  down  the  coast.  The  waterway  was 
completed  and  opened  for  navigation  in  1915. 

The  second  great  link  in  the  proposed  grand  trunk  line 
of  inland  waterways  will  begin  at  Jacksonville  and  cross 
the  central  part  of  Florida  to  the  mouth  of  the  Withla- 
coochee  River  near  Cedar  Keys.  Connection  will  also 
be  made  at  Jacksonville  with  an  inland  waterway  to 
Miami  and  Key  West.  This  waterway  consists  in 
part  of  the  following  rivers.  North,  Halifax,  Indian, 
Hillsboro,  and  New  River,  and  part  of  a  continuous 
canal  from  St.  Johns  River  to  Miami  (Biscoyne  Bay), 
constructed  by  the  Florida  Coast  Line  Canal  and 
Transportation  Co.  This  company  having  relinquished 
in  1894  to  the  United  States  certain  rights  and  privi- 
leges granted  to  the  company  by  the  state  of  Florida, 
the  improvement  of  the  canal  was  undertaken  by 
the  Federal  Government  in  conjunction  with  the 
Indian  River.  The  result  of  the  improvement  is  a 
continuous  inland  waterway,  356  miles  long,  85  feet 
wide,  and  5  feet  deep,  partly  natural  and  partly 
artificial,  extending  along  the  east  coast  of  Florida 
from  St.  Johns  River  to  Biscoyne  Bay.  The  improve- 
ment enables  small  craft  to  ply  up  and  down  the 
coast  without  inciirring  the  dangers  of  outside  pas- 
sage. It  is  used  by  commercial  boats  carrying  freight 
and  passengers  to  and  from  the  towns  along  the  river 
and  by  yachts  and  pleasure  craft.  Improved  navi- 
gation is  also  proposed  between  Miami  and  Key  West, 
a  distance  of  160  miles.  At  Key  West  there  is  a 
good  harbor  and  ship  channel.  The  northwest  passage 
from  Key  West  to  the  Gulf  ports  has  been  made 
safer.  Improvements  are  under  way  on  the  west 
coast  of  Florida  and  a  sirrvey  has  been  ordered  for  an 
inland  waterway  from  Tampa  Bay  to  St.  George  Soimd. 


224 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


St.  Johns  (the  most  important  river  in  Florida), 
the  ApaJachicola,  Oklawaha,  Kissimmee,  Caloosa- 
hatchee,  Manatee,  Withlacoochee,  Suwanee,  and 
other  rivers  and  creeks  have  been  deepened  and 
improved  generally. 

There  are  numerous  drainage  canals  in  Florida, 
some  of  wliich  are  navigable  to  small  craft.  The 
most  important  ones  drain  the  Everglades  and  are 
owTied  by  the  state. 

The  water  hyacinth,  a  fresh-water  plant  that  spreads 
rapidly  and  blocks  the  streams  and  lakes  with  floating 
masses  that  seriously  impede  navigation,  is  as  prev- 
alent in  Florida  as  in  Louisiana  and  some  other  states. 
Various  devices  have  been  tried  for  removing  this  dan- 
gerous plant  or  curtaihng  its  power  to  do  damage, 
some  of  which,  like  the  gi-apple,  are  very  successful. 

NORTH    CENTRAL    DIVISION. 

Ohio. — Prior  to  1913  this  state  had  a  canal  system 
of  considerable  importance.  Tlae  disastrous  floods  of 
that  year,  however,  put  out  of  commission  the  two 
principal  canals — the  Miami  and  Erie,  connecting  To- 
ledo and  Cincinnati,  and  the  Oliio  and  Erie,  connecting 
Cleveland  and  Dresden.  The  necessity  for  increased 
transportation  facilities  witliin  the  state  and  between 
the  Great  Lakes  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  may  cause  the 
restoration  of  these  abandoned  canals  and  their  con- 
version into  modern  waterways  of  barge  dimensions. 
This  restoration  may  also  be  influenced  by  the  fact 
that  there  is  in  existence,  according  to  the  annual 
report  of  the  Ohio  Canal  Commission  for  1903,  a  very 
old  agreement,  made  by  the  Federal  Government  and 
the  state  of  Ohio,  whereby  "the  Government,  by  the 
terms  of  the  grant  of  lands  to  aid  the  state  in  the 
construction  of  the  canals,  requires  the  state  to  con- 
struct, keep  open,  and  forever  maintain  a  canal  as  a 
public  highway  between  Lake  Erie  and  the  Ohio 
River,  upon  which  the  United  States  may  at  all  times 
transport  troops  and  munitions  of  war  free  from  tolls." 

Another  great  project  wliich  will  materially  benefit 
the  lake  region  has  been  given  a  start  by  an  act  of 
Congress  passed  July  25,  1912,  which  requires  an 
examination  and  survey  for  an  artificial  waterway 
from  Lake  Erie,  at  or  near  Toledo,  to  the  southerly 
end  of  Lake  Michigan  by  waj^  of  Maumee  River  and 
the  city  of  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.,  or  other  practical  route. 
Tlie  duty  of  making  this  examination  and  survey  was 
assigned  to  a  special  board  of  engineer  officers  in  1916. 

There  are  only  two  canalized  rivers  in  the  state,  the 
Muskingum  and  the  Ohio,  the  last  named  being  the 
boundary  fine  between  Oliio  and  Permsylvania,  West 
Virginia,  and  Kentucky,  and  is  discussed  under  the 
rivers  of  Pennsylvania,  the  state  in  wliich  the  river 
has  its  source.  The  Ohio  River  has  17  locks  and 
dams  in  operation.  One  of  these  is  situated  near 
Steubenville  and  another  near  Fernbank,  Ohio,  There 
are,  however,   4   more  under  construction  and  3  to 


be  built  near  other  Ohio  towns.  The  Muskingum 
River  is  canahzed  from  its  mouth  (Marietta)  to 
Dresden,  a  distance  of  91  miles.  The  original  canali- 
zation was  done  ])y  the  state  from  1837-1841,  at  a 
cost  of  about  $1,500,000.  Tlie  United  States  in  1887 
took  over  these  improvements,  consisting  of  12  locks, 
11  dams,  and  5  short  lateral  canals,  most  of  which 
were  badly  out  of  repair.  The  work  of  restoration 
was  completed  about  1891.  There  are  now  11  good 
locks  (1  a  double  or  tandem)  and  dams,  transporta- 
tion is  more  reliable,  and  the  improvement  has  per- 
mitted the  development  of  water  power  wliich  is 
leased  by  the  United  States  Government  for  com- 
mercial purposes  and  is  the  source  of  considerable 
income.  The  construction  of  lock  and  dam  No.  11  at 
EUis,  Oliio,  was  contingent  on  the  state  or  some  other 
agency  expencUng  not  less  than  $200,000  on  that  part 
of  the  Ohio  Canal  system  which  connects  the  Mus- 
kingum River  at  Dresden  with  Lake  Erie.  This 
amount  was  expended  on  the  canal;  but,  as  has  been 
stated,  the  flood  of  March,  1913,  damaged  the  canal  to 
such  an  extent  that  it  has  been  abandoned.  Tlie 
river,  however,  is  in  good  condition,  and  the  com- 
merce in  1915  amounted  to  114,632  tons,  valued  at 
over  $1,000,000. 

Indiana. — Tlie  Wabash  River  rises  in  western  Oliio 
and  empties  into  the  Ohio  River  at  a  point  121  miles 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Oliio.  It  is  about  517  miles 
long.  General  navigation  above  Terre  Haute  is  im- 
practicable, even  at  high  stages  of  water,  on  account 
of  the  obstruction  of  the  river  by  bridges,  and  below 
Terre  Haute  because  of  bars  and  snags. 

Efforts  were  made  to  improve  the  river  by  snagging 
and  dredging  and  at  designated  localities  to  deepen 
the  bed  of  the  river  through  rock  obstructions.  A 
new  lock  was  built  at  Grand  Rapids,  near  Mount  Car- 
mel.  111.,  replacing  the  old  one  built  in  1842  by  a 
private  corporation  and  purchased  by  the  United 
States  in  1875.  The  old  dam  was  also  extensively 
repaired.  This  was  in  1893,  and  the  improvement 
has  afforded  slack-water  navigation  for  a  distance  of 
about  12  miles  above  the  lock  at  Grand  Rapids. 
Practically  nothing  remains  of  the  improvements  on 
this  river  except  the  lock  and  dam  and  a  number  of 
cuts  through  rock  bars.  Even  the  slack-water  navi- 
gation for  12  miles  above  the  lock  is  of  little  value,  as 
tlirough  navigation  up  the  river  is  impracticable. 

Elinois. — ^The  lUinois  and  Mississippi  Canal  was 
first  opened  to  navigation  in  1895.  It  was  then 
about  5  miles  in  length.  In  1907  it  was  enlarged,  so 
that  it  now  extends  from  the  Illinois  River,  near  La 
Salle,  across  the  state  via  Bureau  Creek  Valley  and 
over  the  summit  to  Rock  River;  thence  by  slack 
water  in  Rock  River  about  8^  miles,  and  by  canal 
around  its  lower  rapids  to  the  Mississippi  River  at 
the  mouth  of  Rock  River.  The  main  canal  is  75 
miles  long,  80  feet  wide  at  the  water  surface,  and  7 


CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLAND  WATERS. 


225 


feet  deep,  with  33  locks,  150  by  35  feet,  in  the  chamber. 
The  main  object  of  this  canal  is  to  furnish  through 
navigation  from  Chicago  to  the  Mississippi  River. 

The  Cliicago  Drainage  and  Ship  Canal  was  built  by 
the  Sanitary  District  of  Chicago  under  a  state  law 
for  sanitary  purposes  and  never  has  had  the  sanction 
of  Congress.  It  extends  from  Chicago  to  Johet,  a  dis- 
tance of  about  32  miles.  The  surface  width  of  the 
canal  varies  from  160  to  290  feet,  and  the  depth  is 
generally  from  22  to  26  feet.     Its  cost  was  $55,208,899. 

Tlae  Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal,  95  miles  long,  60 
feet  wide  at  surface,  and  6.4  feet  deep,  with  11  locks, 
is  owned  by  the  state  of  Illinois  and  extends  from 
Chicago  to  La  Salle.  It  has  been  in  existence  since 
1848,  and  though  it  has  cost  over  $9,000,000  is  now 
in  need  of  a  thorough  rehabilitation  to  be  of  practical 
use.  The  lUinois  River  is  canalized  from  La  SaUe  to 
Grafton,  a  distance  of  223  miles.  The  Federal  Gov- 
ernment built  and  controls  two  locks  and  dams  below 
Copperas  Creek,  one  at  KampsviUe,  the  other  at  La 
Grange.  The  state  built  the  lock  and  dam  at  Henry 
and  completed  the  one  at  Copperas  Creek  after  the 
United  States  had  spent  $62,359  on  the  foundation 
for  the  lock. 

Tlie  Wabash  River,  which  flows  between  Illinois 
and  Indiana,  is  described  in  connection  with  the  water- 
ways of  Indiana.  Among  other  rivers  in  Illinois  that 
have  been  improved  are  the  Chicago  and  the  Calumet. 

Michigan. — To  keep  pace  with  the  tremendous  in- 
crease in  trade  to  and  from  the  lake  region,  the  United 
States  constructed  a  great  ship  channel,  21  feet  deep 
and  300  or  more  feet  wide,  in  the  shallows  of  the  con- 
necting waters  of  the  Great  Lakes  between  Duluth, 
Chicago,  and  Buffalo,  at  a  cost  of  over  $3,000,000. 
The  channel  was  practically  finished  in  1909,  but 
additional  dredging  has  been  going  on  ever  since. 
The  waters  cliiefly  affected  were  the  St.  Marys  River, 
Lake  Huron,  St.  Clair  River,  Lake  St.  Clair,  and  the 
Detroit  River.  A  greater  project,  however,  in  the 
development  of  water-borne  traffic  to  the  Great  Lakes 
is  the  vast  improvement  inider  way  at  St.  Marys  Falls. 
The  first  canal  at  the  falls  was  completed  in  1855  by 
the  state  of  Michigan  and  tm-ned  over  to  the  Unitetl 
States  in  1881.  Since  1857  work  by  the  United  States 
has  been  in  progress  in  this  locahty,  which  has  consisted 
in  widening  and  deepening  of  chamiels;  the  construc- 
tion at  the  Falls  of  the  Weitzel  Lock,  515  by  80  feet; 
the  construction  on  the  site  of  the  old  state  locks  of 
the  PoeLock,  800  by  100  feet;  the  completion  of  a  new 
canal  and  third  lock,  1,350  by  80  feet;  the  enlarge- 
ment of  the  old  state  canal  so  that  it  has  at  present  a 
width  varying  from  108  to  500  feet;  the  construction  of 
a  movable  dam  for  closing  this  canal  in  an  emergency ; 
and  the  beginning  and  prosecution  of  the  work  on  the 
foiu-th  lock.  This  lock  is  to  be  the  same  size  as  the 
third  lock,  which  is  the  largest  in  the  coimtry  and  fre- 


quently accommodates  5  vessels  of  average  size  in  one 
lockage.  The  new  canal  is  called  North  Canal  and 
runs  parallel  to  the  first  one,  known  as  South  Canal. 
The  Weitzel  and  Poe  Locks  are  in  the  South  Canal  and 
the  third  and  fourth  locks  are  in  the  North  Canal. 
Including  the  dredging  of  Hay  Lake  and  Neebish 
Channels  which  extend  from  the  canal  at  Saiilt  Ste. 
Marie  to  Lake  Huron,  a  distance  of  about  50  miles,  the 
improvement  thus  far  has  cost  over  $20,000,000. 

The  St.  Clair  Flats  Canal,  consisting  of  two  dredged 
cuts,  is  located  in  Lake  St.  Clair  at  the  mouth  of  the 
St.  Clair  River.  It  is  an  important  link  in  the  water- 
way connecting  Lakes  Erie  and  Huron,  as  all  com- 
merce passing  between  the  lower  and  upper  lakes  goes 
through  this  canal.  The  total  tonnage  for  1916  was 
95,370,752  tons,  valued  at  $1,010,929,971.  The  canal 
is  about  3  miles  long,  300  feet  wide,  and  20  feet  deep. 

The  Keweenaw  Waterway  or  Canal,  formerly  known 
as  the  Portage  Lake  Canal,  is  a  navigable  channel,  25 
nules  long,  120  feet  minunum  width  (bottom),  and  20 
feet  deep,  partly  natinal  and  partly  artificial.  Extend- 
ing across  Keweenaw  Point,  Mich.,  it  connects  Ke- 
weenaw Bay  and  Lake  Superior  and  affords  this  copper- 
mining  district  increased  commercial  facilities. 

Some  of  the  important  rivers  of  Michigan  are  the  De- 
troit, Grand,  Saginaw,  Black,  and  Clinton,  all  of  which 
have  been  improved.  The  Detroit  River,  part  of  the 
Great  Lakes  route,  is  3 1  miles  long  and  flows  from  Lake 
St.  Clair  into  Lake  Erie.  The  work  done  on  this  river 
has  been  dredging,  rock  excavation,  and  the  removal 
of  bowlders,  costing  over  $10,000,000.  The  controlling 
depth  of  the  Amhcrstburg  Channel  is  23.1  feet,  and  of 
Livingston  and  Fighting  Island  Channels,  24.1  feet. 
Vessels  carrying  bulk  freight,  which  forms  about  95 
per  cent  of  the  total  tonnage,  used  all  the  available 
draft,  the  freight  amoimting  to  82,514,457  tons. 

Wisconsin. — Fox  River  rises  in  Columbia  Comity 
and  flows  in  a  northerly  direction  into  Green  Bay. 
It  is  canaUzed  its  full  length  of  176  miles.  Prior  to 
1872,  when  the  United  States  began  unprovement,  the 
state  had  built  22  locks  and  11  dams.  Control  of 
these  having  been  relinquished  by  the  state,  they  were 
rebuilt  by  the  United  States  and  5  new  ones  added, 
making  a  total  of  27  locks  of  an  average  size  of  35  by 
170.  Wolf  River,  220  miles  long,  a  tributary  of  the  Fox 
River,  was  dredged  and  snagged  as  far  as  New  London, 
a  distance  of  47  miles.  These  improvements  created 
valuable  water  power  and  provided  better  transportation 
and  reduced  freight  rates.  The  Wisconsin  River,  which 
is  only  2  miles  from  the  Fox  River  at  Portage,  has  not 
been  improved  suice  1887.  On  the  west  shore  of  Lake 
Michigan  is  a  ship  canal  about  IJ  nules  long,  which 
comiects  Lake  Michigan  and  Sturgeon  Bay.  Its  width 
is  160 feet  audits  depth 21  feet.  The  principal  effect 
of  the  canal  is  to  shorten  the  distance  from  ports  on 
the  west  shore  of  Lake  Michigan  to  Menominee  Harbor 


116515°— 20 


-15 


226 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


by  about  50  miles  and  to  Green  Bay  Harbor  by  about 
70  miles. 

Minnesota. — Tlie  Mississippi  River  has  its  soiirce  in 
mmierous  lakes  in  the  northern  part  of  Minnesota,  its 
origin  being  traced  to  Lake  Itasca.  It  flows  in  a 
southerly  direction  for  about  2,460  miles  and  empties 
into  the  GuK  of  Mexico.  It  is  the  greatest  river 
of  the  country  and  has  cost  a  large  amount  of 
money  to  maintain  and  improve.  The  part  of  the 
river  from  the  Head  of  Passes  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Ohio  River  has  been  in  charge  of  the  "Mississippi 
River  Commission"  since  1879.  The  improvement 
imder  tliis  commission  consisted  of  open  channel  work, 
dredging,  and  building  bank  revetments  and  levees. 
The  improvement  provides  a  safe  and  easy  channel 
for  navigation  and  a  preventive  to  the  destructive 
effects  of  floods  in  all  except  the  most  extreme  high 
waters.  Other  sections  of  the  river  have  also  been  im- 
proved and  at  some  places  the  river  has  been  canal- 
ized. A  lock  and  dam  was  built  and  opened  for  traffic 
in  1907  between  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis.  The  lock 
is  out  of  commission,  but  a  new  one  350  by  80  feet  has 
been  imder  construction  for  some  time  and  is  now  prac- 
tically completed.  A  lock  80  by  325  feet  has  also  been 
constructed  at  Moline,  HI.  It  forms  a  link  in  the  im- 
provement of  the  Rock  Island  Rapids  and  overcomes  a 
rocky  cham,  the  swiftest  on  the  rapids.  The  Missis- 
sippi River  is  also  canaUzed  at  Keokuk,  Iowa,  at  the 
Des  Moines  Rapids.  A  closed  lateral  canal  8  miles 
long  was  built  and  opened  to  navigation  in  1877. 
This,  with  a  channel  cut  through  the  rock  bed  of  the 
river  over  the  remaining  4  miles  of  rapids,  was  in- 
tended to  be  a  permanent  aid  to  navigation.  The 
improvements  were  made  obsolete  by  the  construc- 
tion of  the  power  dam  at  Keokuk,  the  backwater  of 
which  submerged  them.  The  Mississippi  River  Power 
Co.  has,  in  lieu  of  improvements  destroyed,  provided 
a  single  lock  at  Keolaik,  380  feet  long  and  110  feet 
wide,  at  a  cost  of  over  S1,000,000,  which,  with  dry 
dock,  all  appurtenances,  groimds,  and  buildings,  was 
transferred  to  the  United  States.  A  niimber  of  res- 
ervoirs have  been  built  at  the  headwaters  of  the  river, 
which  has  resulted  in  a  greater  channel  depth  and 
more  \uiiform  flow  in  the  Mississippi  River  above 
Lake  Pepin  during  the  navigation  season  and  has 
made  possible  continuous  navigation  during  the  sea- 
son on  some  stretches  where  formerly  it  was  subject 
to  interruption  on  account  of  low  water. 

The  Red  River  (of  the  North)  has  its  source  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Bois  de  Sioux  and  Otter  Tail  Rivers 
at  Breckenridge,  Minn.  It  forms  the  boimdary  line 
between  Minnesota  and  North  Dakota  and  flows  in  a 
northerly  direction  to  Lake  Winnipeg  in  Canada,  the 
latter  discharging  through  the  Nelson  River  into  Hud- 
son Bay.  Its  length  from  source  to  the  international 
boundary  is  about  400  miles,  all  of  which  has  been 
improved.     The  average  depth  is  3  feet  at  mean  lo-.v 


water,  and  the  greatest  depth  4  feet.  The  river,  how- 
ever, is  little  used  for  commerce  on  account  of  the 
proximity  of  railroads. 

The  Red  Lake  River,  which  empties  into  the  Red 
River,  has  been  improved  for  a  distance  of  71  miles  of 
its  full  length  of  190  miles.  Logging  operations  hav- 
ing ceased,  there  is  no  commerce  on  the  river  at  the 
present  time.  Tlie  Miimesota  River  is  about  400 
miles  long;  it  has  its  source  in  South  Dakota,  flows 
easterly,  and  empties  into  the  Mississippi  River  at  St. 
Paul,  Minn.  No  freight  has  moved  on  this  river  during 
the  past  few  years,  it  being  used  only  by  excursion 
steamers  and  small  pleasure  craft.  Warroad  River,  a 
short  stream  connecting  Warroad  Harbor  and  Lake  of 
the  Woods,  which  is  part  of  the  boundary  between 
Minnesota  and  Canada,  was  dredged  to  the  extent  that 
a  chamicl  200  feet  ^vide  and  8  feet  deep  at  mean  low 
water  was  completed.  The  improvement  permits  the 
transfer  of  freight  between  rail  and  water  at  the  only 
American  port  on  the  lake,  and  has  also  made  naviga- 
tion easier  and  safer. 

Missouri. — The  Missouri  River,  the  longest  river  in 
the  United  States,  begins  in  southwestern  Montana, 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  18  miles  above 
St.  Louis,  2,551  miles  from  Three  Forks,  Mont.,  its 
source.  Tlie  river  is  being  improved  by  the  Federal 
Government  in  tluee  sections :  First,  from  Kansas  City 
to  its  mouth,  392  miles;  second,  from  Kansas  City  to 
Sioux  City,  Iowa,  415  miles;  third,  from  Sioux  City 
to  Fort  Benton,  Mont.,  1,478  miles.  L'p  to  June  30, 
1916,  over  $11,000,000  had  been  spent  on  section  1. 
The  improvement  consists  of  the  protection  of  banks 
by  revetments,  the  contraction  of  channels  by  dikes, 
the  removal  of  snags  and  miscellaneous  obstructions, 
and  the  felling  of  trees  on  caving  banks.  Navigation 
has  thus  been  made  easier  and  freight  rates  have  been 
reduced.  The  amount  of  freight  carried  during  1916 
was  211,371  tons,  valued  at  §6,335,313.  Similar  im- 
provement has  been  made  on  section  2  at  a  cost  of 
$2,564,871,  and  on  section  3  at  a  cost  of  $2,894,913. 
The  commercial  tonnage  reported  for  section  2  in  1916 
was  105,287  tons,  mostly  sand  dredged  from  the  river 
bed  and  hauled  short  distances.  The  tonnage  for 
section  3  was  22,151  tons,  principally  grain,  manu- 
factured articles,  building  materials,  and  coal. 

The  Osage  River,  though  500  mQes  long,  is  canalized 
only  from  its  mouth  to  7  miles  above.  There  is  but 
one  lock  and  dam,  located  near  Osage  City,  Mo.  The 
lock  is  220  feet  long,  with  a  clear  width  of  42  feet. 
The  commercial  tonnage  reported  for  the  river  in  1916 
was  13,999  tons,  and  through  the  lock,  1,120  tons. 

The  Gasconade  River,  200  miles  long,  and  located 
entirely  in  Missouri,  is  a  nontidal  stream  that  has 
been  changed  from  a  condition  of  alternate  pools  and 
shoals  of  sand  and  gravel,  obstructed  by  snags,  to  a 
river  navigable  the  greater  part  of  its  distance,  afl'ord- 
ing  shippers  a  regular  means  of  transportation  by  boat. 


CANALS  AND  OTHER  INLAND  WATERS. 


227 


SOUTH    CENTRAL   DIVISION". 

Kentucky  and  Tennessee. — The  Tennessee  River,  a 
nontidal  stream,  has  its  source  ui  eastern  Tennessee 
and  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  French  Broad 
and  Ilolston  Rivers  near  Knoxville,  Tenn.  It  crosses 
northern  Alabama,  touches  Mississippi,  crosses  Ten- 
nessee and  Kentucky,  and  empties  into  the  Ohio  River 
at  Paducah,  652  miles  from  its  source.  Like  other 
rivers  of  the  Mississippi  Valley,  it  consists  of  a  series 
of  pools  separated  by  shoals.  These  shoals,  together 
with  bars,  snags,  excessive  slopes,  small  depths  found 
at  the  shoals,  and  other  obstructions,  make  naviga- 
tion difficult.  The  river,  however,  with  its  principal 
tributaries,  forms  a  system  of  internal  waterways 
of  considerable  importance,  and  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment has  made  extensive  improvements.  The  river 
up  to  Jime  30,  1916,  has  been  improved  in  sec- 
tions. Section  1  extended  from  Chattanooga  188 
miles  north;  section  2,  from  Chattanooga  to  Riverton, 
238  miles;  and  section  3,  from  Riverton  226  miles 
below.  The  minimum  available  depth  m  section  1  is 
one-half  foot  at  extreme  low  water,  but  the  river  is 
usually  navigable  for  1  foot  draft  throughout  the  year. 
There  are  two  canals  in  section  2;  one  is  at  the  Muscle 
and  Elk  River  Shoals  and  the  other  at  the  Colbert 
Shoals.  The  Muscle  Shoals  extend  from  Bro'\\"ns 
Island  to  Florence,  Ala.,  a  distance  of  36  miles. 
The  canal  was  buUt  in  two  sections — one  on  the 
right  bank  with  nine  locks,  and  one  aqueduct  at  Big 
Muscle  Shoals,  and  the  other  on  the  left  bank  with 
two  locks,  at  Elk  River  Shoals.  The  available  depth 
at  low  water  is  5  feet,  but  this  depth  was  not  obtained 
between  the  two  divisions  of  the  canal,  a  minimum 
extreme  low-water  depth  of  1  foot  being  formed 
above  lock  A.  The  Colbert  Shoals  Canal  is  8.06 
miles  long,  112  feet  wide  (bottom),  and  7  feet  deep, 
with  a  lift  lock  at  the  lower  end  of  the  canal  SO  by 
340  feet.  Tlie  canal  and  lock  were  completed  and 
placed  in  operation  m  1911.  They  were  built  to  sur- 
mount the  obstructions  known  as  Colbert  and  Bee 
Tree  Shoals,  situated  between  Colbert  Shoals  and 
Riverton.  The  Big  Bend,  Bear  Creek,  and  IncUan 
Creek  Shoals  in  the  part  of  the  river  below  Riverton 
have  been  made  navigable. 

The  Cumberland  River  is  formed  by  the  junction  of 
Poor  and  Glover  Forks  in  eastern  Kentucky  about  687 
mUes  above  its  mouth  and  flows  west  to  Bumside, 
Ky.,  from  whence  it  makes  a  loop  into  Tennessee, 
passes  Nashville,  and  returns  to  Kentucky,  emptying 
into  the  Ohio  River  near  Smithland,  Ky.  Between 
Bumside,  Ky.,  and  NashvLllo,  Tenn.,  a  distance  of  326 
miles,  and  below  Nashville  to  the  distance  of  192  miles 
the  river  has  been  canalized.  Over  $5,000,000  have 
been  spent  to  date.  Above  NashviUe  there  are  8  locks 
and  dams  in  operation,  while  below  Nashville  there  is 
1  in  operation,  with  3  more  under  construction.  The 
depth  of  the  river  varies  from  1  to  6  feet. 


The  Big  Sandy  River,  formed  by  the  jimction  of 
the  Levisa  and  Tug  Forks  Rivers  at  Louisa,  Ky.,  flows 
north  27  miles  and  empties  into  the  Ohio  River  at 
Catlettsburg,  Ky.  Tlie  river  and  a  portion  of  each 
fork  are  canalized.  Transportation  has  been  rendered 
safer  and  easier,  but  the  improvement  has  but  httle 
effect  on  the  nature  of  commerce  and  freight  rates. 

The  Kentucky  River  begins  near  Beattyville,  Ky., 
flows  in  a  northwesterly  diiection  for  about  255  mUes, 
and  empties  into  the  Ohio  River  at  CarroUton,  Ky. 
Part  of  the  river  has  been  canalized  since  1844,  the 
year  the  state  completed  and  put  into  operation  5 
locks  and  dams.  These  state  locks  were  taken  over 
by  the  Federal  Government  in  1879.  They  were  re- 
constructed and  slack  water  extended  to  the  three  forks 
at  Beattyville,  at  a  cost  of  over  $1,000,000.  Nine 
new  locks  and  dams  have  been  added  and  navigation 
has  been  correspondingly  improved. 

The  Green  and  Barren  Rivers  both  he  entirely 
witliin  Kentucky.  The  Barren  is  108  mUes  long  and 
empties  into  the  Green  River.  It  is  canalized  from 
its  mouth  to  Bowling  Green,  a  distance  of  29.5  mUcs. 
The  Green  River  is  345  miles  long  and  empties  into  the 
Ohio,  about  8  miles  above  Evansville,  Ind.  This 
river  is  canalized  from  mouth  to  Mammoth  Cave,  a 
distance  of  196  miles.  Locks,  dams,  and  other  im- 
provements have  cost  nearly  $3,000,000.  The  improve- 
ment has  afforded  unmterrupted  navigation  over 
about  217  mQos  of  river  and  opened  to  commerce  a 
large  section  of  country  otherwise  practically  inacces- 
sible. 

The  LouisvUle  and  Portland  Canal  is  2  miles  long  and 
extends  around  the  f  aUs  of  the  Ohio  River  at  Louisville. 
It  is  an  old  canal,  buQt  by  a  private  corporation  under  a 
charter  granted  by  the  state  of  Kentucky  in  1825. 
The  first  boat  passed  through  the  canal  December  22, 
1830.  The  United  States  purchased  some  of  the  stock 
of  the  company  in  1826.  Traffic  having  steadily 
increased,  it  became  necessary  to  widen  the  canal, 
enlarge  the  locks  and  dams,  and  make  numerous 
improvements,  of  which  the  United  States  assumed 
charge  in  1868,  but  the  operation  of  the  canal  and 
collection  of  toUs  remained  under  control  of  the  cor- 
porate management  imtil  1874,  when  the  entire  con- 
trol of  the  canal  was  assumed  by  the  United  States. 
ToUs  were  entirely  abohshed  in  1880. 

Alabama. — ^The  Black  Warrior,  Warrior,  and  part  of 
the  Tombigbee  Rivers  form  practically  a  single  stream, 
with  its  source  in  northoni  Alabama,  which  flows  in  a 
southwesterly  direction  and  unites  with  the  Alabama 
River  to  form  the  Mobile  River,  45  miles  above  Mobile 
Bay.  The  total  length  of  the  stream  from  the  junc- 
tion of  the  MidbciTy  and  Locust  Forks  to  the  mouth  is 
362  J  miles.  When  dredging  and  snagging  were  begim 
back  in  the  seventies,  some  parts  of  these  rivers  were 
not  navigable,  and  some  parts  only  certain  months 
of  the  year.    It  is  possible  now,  after  improvement,  to 


228 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


cany  tows  50  feet  wide  and  loaded  to  a  6-foot  draft 
from  Mobile  to  Sanders  Ferry  on  the  Mulberry  Fork, 
and  to  Nichols  Shoals  on  the  Locust  Fork,  a  distance  of 
443  J  and  423  i  miles,  respectively.  The  cost  of  the  im- 
provement, including  17  dams  and  18  locks,  was  over 
$9,000,000.  It  is  practically  completed  and  is  being 
used  by  coal  and  packet  companies  for  through  ship- 
ments in  addition  to  the  local  traffic. 

The  Tombigbee  River  is  canalized  from  McGrcws 
Shoals  to  15  miles  above  Demopolis,  a  distance  of 
about  135  miles.  From  this  point  to  its  source,  ai)OUt 
300  miles,  it  has  been  improved,  but  not  canalized. 
Below  McGrews  Shoals  (lock  1)  to  its  mouth,  66 
miles,  the  river  is  tidal  and  navigable. 

Another  project  of  great  importance  to  the  state 
was  the  improvement  of  the  Alabama  and  Coosa 
Rivers.  The  channels  were  deepened  and  widened, 
dams  and  locks  were  built  for  the  latter  stream,  and 
both  rivers  are  now  navigable  for  several  hundred 
miles  to  boats  of  much  greater  tonnage  than  formerly. 

An  examination  and  survey  has  been  authorized 
by  Congress  for  an  inland  waterway  from  Mobile, 
Ala.,  to  Pensacola,  Fla.,  along  the  Gulf  coast.  This 
is  a  link  in  the  greater  watenvay  from  Florida  coast 
to  the  Mississippi  River. 

Mississippi. — The  Yazoo,  Pearl,  Pascagoula,  Leaf, 
Chickasawhay  and  other  rivers  of  less  importance,  the 
Mississippi  Sound,  and  many  harbors  and  passes  of 
the  state  have  been  improved  to  a  large  extent  during 
the  last  decade.  No  canals  have  been  built  nor 
rivers  canalized,  but  a  lock  and  dam  are  being  con- 
structed at  Callao  Landing  on  Big  Sunflower  River. 

Arkansas. — The  Arkansas  River,  1,460  miles  long, 
has  its  source  in  central  Colorado,  flows  southeasterly 
through  Kansas,  Oklahoma,  and  Arkansas,  and 
empties  into  the  Mississippi  River.  Fort  Gibson, 
Okla. ,  on  the  Neosho  River,  2  miles  above  its  mouth  and 
463  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Arkansas  River,  is 
regarded  as  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation.  Over 
$3,000,000  have  been  spent,  principally  for  snagging, 
but  some  for  dredgmg,  contraction  works,  and 
bank  revetment.  Improvement  in  navigation  is, 
however,  slow  because  there  are  numerous  cavings  of 
banks,  which  cause  shifting  channels. 

White  River  rises  in  northwestern  Arkansas,  flows 
north  into  Missouri  and  thence  southeasterly  through 
Arkansas,  emptying  into  the  Mississippi  River  about 
87  miles  below  Helena,  through  a  mouth  common  to 
both  the  White  and  Arkansas  Rivers.  The  length  is 
690  miles,  301  of  which,  from  mouth  to  Batesville,  are 
imder  improvement.  The  improvement  is  beneficial, 
as  snagging  has  cleared  the  channels  and  rendered  the 
fuU  natural  depth  of  the  stream  available.  Upper 
White  River  is  canalized  from  1  mile  below  BatesvOlo 
to  Guion.  Three  locks  (175  by  36)  have  been  con- 
structed and  are  in  operation. 


The  Ouachita  River  has  been  canalized  from 
Franklin  Shoals  to  Monroe,  La.,  a  distance  of  119 
miles.  Three  locks  have  been  completed,  located  at 
Franklin  Shoals  and  Felsenthal,  Ark.,  and  Monroe, 
La.     Three  others  are  being  built. 

Other  Arkansas  rivers,  the  Cache,  Black,  Currcint, 
St.  Francis,  Saline,  etc.,  have  been  improved,  and 
some  preliminary  examinations  and  surveys  author- 
ized by  Congress. 

Louisiana. — ^Tho  great  Mississippi*  River,  emptying 
into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  in  the  southeastern  part  of 
Louisiana,  makes  the  system  of  internal  waterways  of 
the  state  of  considerable  importance.  There  are 
several  mouths  of  the  river.  Two  of  these,  the  South 
Pass  and  Southv/ost  Pass,  have  received  considerable 
attention  from  the  Federal  Government,  and  to  date 
about  $20,000,000  have  been  spent  in  improvements. 
These  improvements  have  made  Now  Orleans  a  valuable 
port  of  entry.  Larger  and  deeper-draft  vessels  enter 
the  harbor  and  the  cargoes  for  coastwise  and  foreign 
commerce  are  greater,  with  transportation  rates  much 
less  than  rail  rates. 

An  intracoastal  watenvay  along  the  coast  from 
the  Mississippi  to  the  Sabine  River  is  under  construction 
and  several  hnks  are  completed.  The  Atchafalaya 
River  from  Morgan  City  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  has  been 
improved,  together  with  other  rivers  and  bayous. 
There  are  several  canals,  the  most  important  being 
the  Barataria  and  Lafourche  or  the  Company's  Canal, 
New  and  Old  Basin,  Harvey's,  and  Lake  Borgne,  aU 
privately  owned  except  the  New  Basin,  wliich  is  owned 
by  the  state  of  Louisiana. 

Texas. — Important  improvements  are  under  way  in 
this  state.  There  is  the  Coast  Inland  Waterway, 
already  referred  to,  which  is  a  link  in  the  great  trunk 
hne  contemplated  from  thsv Mississippi  River  to  the 
Rio  Grande.  The  Trinity  and  Brazos  Rivers  are  being 
canahzed  in  part.  Tlie  Guadalupe  from  its  mouth  to 
Victoria  has  been  dredged  and  snagged,  and  Congress 
has  authorized  a  preliminary  examination  and  survey 
to  determine  whether  the  addition  of  locks  and  dams 
will  bring  about  better  results.  The  Sabine  River 
to  Orange  and  the  Neches  River  to  Beamnont, 
including  the  Sabine-Neches  Canal,  have  been 
improved,  at  a  cost  of  over  $1,000,000,  to  the  extent 
that  deep-draft  ocean-going  vessels  can  go  from  the 
Gulf  to  Beamnont  and  Orange.  The  harbor  at 
Sabine  Pass  and  the  Port  Arthur  CanaJ  have  been 
made  deep  enough  for  ocean-going  vessels  to  enter. 

The  improvement  of  the  West  Galveston  Bay  and 
Brazos  River  Canal  wliich  was  purchased  by  the 
Government  in  1902  and  extends  from  Brazos  River 
to  Oyster  Bay,  a  distance  of  10  miles,  was  combined, 
by  the  river  and  harbor  act  of  1907,  with  the  West 
Galveston  Bay  Channel,  under  one  appropriation,  as 
a  part  of  the  inland  waterway  on  the  coast  of  Texas. 


CANALS  AND  OTHER  INL.\ND  WATERS. 


229 


The  section  is  about  36  miles  long,  and  practically 
parallel  to  the  coast  Une  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The 
project  was  completed  in  1909. 

Among  other  improvements  is  the  Houston  Ship 
Channel,  which  includes  the  ^Morgan  Canal  and  Cut 
pm-chased  by  the  United  States  in  1892  at  a  cost  of 
S92,316.  It  connects  Galveston  Harbor  with  the 
city  of  Houston,  a  distance  of  50  miles.  The  cost  of 
the  improvement  was  nearly  §5,000,000  and  has 
made   Houston   practically   a   seaport. 

WESTERN    DIVISION. 

California. — The  state  of  California  has  no  canalized 
rivers.  There  are  several  diverting  canals.  One  of 
these  recently  completed  is  located  near  Stockton. 
It  is  about  5  miles  long  and  diverts  the  waters  of 
Mormon  Channel  into  the  Calaveras  River.  Tlie 
state  of  Cahfomia  and  city  of  Stockton  furnished  the 
right  of  way  and  the  Federal  Government  built  the 
canal,  including  a  dam,  at  a  cost  of  about  S250,000. 
A  diversion  dam  and  channel  are  imder  construction 
for  the  protection  of  Los  Angeles  and  Long  Beach 
harbors. 

The  principal  river  in  the  state  is  the  Sacramento, 
navigable  from  Red  Bluff  to  its  moutli  at  Suisun  Bay 
(CoUinsville),  a  distance  of  253  miles.  Another  im- 
portant river  is  the  San  Joaquin.  This  river  rises  in 
the  vicinity  of  Yosemite  Valley,  flows  in  a  generally 
western  direction  for  325  miles,  and  empties  into 
Suisun  Bay.  These  rivers,  together  with  Feather 
River  and  Stockton  and  Mormon  Channels,  have  been 
greatly  improved  not  only  by  the  Federal  Government 
but  by  the  state  of  California  and  by  the  cities  of 
Sacramento,  Marysville,  and  Stockton. 

Oregon  and  Washington. — The  Columbia  River  rises 
in  the  southeastern  part  of  British  Coliunbia,  and  emp- 
ties into  the  Pacific  Ocean  between  the  states  of  Wash- 
ington and  Oregon.  It  has  a  total  length  of  1,200 
miles. 

The  section  of  the  river  from  Celilo  Falls  to  the 
mouth  of  Snake  River  is  under  improvement.  Bowl- 
ders, ledges,  and  reefs  have  been  removed  and  gravel 
shoals  and  bars  scraped  for  a  distance  of  124  miles. 
The  channel  is  improved  to  the  extent  that  navigation 
is  possible  at  all  stages  of  the  river. 

Between  the  foot  of  The  Dalles  Rapids  and  the  head 
of  Celilo  Falls  a  canal  has  been  built,  8^  miles  long,  65 
feet  wide  at  the  bottom,  and  8  feet  deep.  There  are 
5  locks,  300  by  45  feet,  which  cost  nearly  §5,000,000. 
Prior  to  the  canal  being  built  this  portion  of  the  stream 
was  not  navigable  at  all.  The  canal  was  opened  for 
traffic  May  5,  1915. 

Extensive  improvement  has  also  been  made  at  the 
Cascades,  141  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river,  where 
it  passes  through  the  Cascade  Mountains.  The  channel 
at  tliis  point  was  unsafe  and  freight  had  to  be  trans- 
ferred around  the  obstructions  by  teams  and  later  by 


a  steam  railroad  until  the  completion  of  the  canal  in 
1896.  It  is  3,000  feet  long,  90  feet  wide,  8  feet  deep, 
and  has  two  locks,  514  by  90  and  521  by  90  feet.  The 
cost  of  the  improvement  was  83,913,198. 

The  Willamette  River,  294  miles  long,  rises  in  the 
Cascade  Range  in  southwestern  Oregon,  flows  north- 
erly, and  empties  into  the  Columbia  River.  On  the 
west  side  of  Willamette  Falls  near  Oregon  City,  25 
miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  river,  a  canal  with  locks 
and  dam  was  constructed  in  1873  by  private  interests. 
The  locks  andcanalconsistof  a  flightof  4locks,each210 
by  40  feet;  a  canal  basin  above  the  flight  of  locks  1,250 
feet  in  length;  a  guard  lock  at  the  upper  end  of  the 
basin  210  by  40  feet;  and  the  upper  entrance,  1,000  feet 
in  length,  making  the  total  length,  including  the  locks 
and  entrance,  about  3,500  feet.  The  plant  was  pur- 
chased by  the  United  States  April26, 1915,  for  §375,000. 

The  Yamhill  River  from  the  source  of  the  south  fork 
is  52  miles  long.  It  rises  in  the  Coast  Range,  flows 
easterly,  and  empties  into  the  Willamette  River  about 
42  miles  above  Portland.  This  river  has  a  lock  and 
dam  located  near  La  Fayette,  8  miles  above  its  mouth. 
The  Columbia  and  lower  Willamette  Rivers  below 
Portland  and  Columbia  River  at  its  mouth  are  imder- 
going  extensive  improvements. 

In  Washington  the  Cowlitz  and  Lewis  Rivers,  tribu- 
taries of  the  Columbia  River,  are  being  dredged, 
snagged,  and  otherwise  improved.  Grays  River 
harbor  and  bar  entrance  and  Willapa  River  and 
harbor  have  also  been  greatly  improved. 

A  waterway  or  canal  connecting  Puget  Sound  with 
Lakes  L^nion  and  Washington  has  been  recently  com- 
pleted. It  lies  entirely  within  the  city  of  Seattle  and 
is  approximately  8  miles  long,  100  feet  wide  on  the 
bottom,  and  30  to  36  feet  deep.  Right  of  way  and 
flowage  rights  were  secured  for  the  United  States  by 
King  County.  There  are  two  locks  and  dams.  One 
lock  is  825  feet  long  and  80  feet  wide,  the  largest 
in  the  west.  It  has  two  chambers,  450  feet  and  375 
feet  long,  respectively.  The  depth  of  water  on  the 
upper  miter  sill  is  36  feet  at  low  water  in  the  upper 
pool,  and  on  the  intermediate  and  lower  miter  sills 
25  feet  at  extreme  low  tide  in  Puget  Sound,  which  will 
afford  36  feet  at  low  water  in  the  upper  pool  and  mid- 
tide  stages  in  Puget  Sound.  The  other  lock,  150  by 
30  feet,  is  located  south  and  alongside  of  the  large 
lock.  The  project  was  99  per  cent  completed  in  1916, 
at  a  cost  of  $2,663,211  to  June  30,  1916.  Of  this 
amoimt  the  state  hiis  contributed  nearly  a  quarter  of 
a  million  and  King  County  over  half  a  million.  The 
effect  of  the  complete  work  will  be  to  make  accessible 
to  deep-sea  vessels  both  for  coastwise  and  over-sea 
trade  a  large  fresh-water  basin  of  constant  level  with 
a  shore  line  of  about  100  miles. 

Alaslca. — St.  Michael  Canal  is  a  salt-water  channel, 
18  miles  long,  running  from  St.  Michael  Harbor  to  a 
point  on  Norton  Soimd,  38  miles  northwest  of  the 


230 


TRANSPORTATION  BY  WATER. 


Apoon  Mouth  of  the  Yukon  River,  Alaska.  It  is  250 
to  750  feet  in  width  and  for  the  greater  part  of  its 
length  the  depth  is  10  to  18  feet.  Some  parts,  however, 
are  only  2  to  4  feet  deep.  A  channel  was  dug  100  feet 
wide  and  6  feet  deep  from  deep  water  in  St.  Michael 
Bay  through  the  canal  for  a  distance  of  6J  miles.  It 
is  the  only  sheltered  channel  for  Yukon  River  hoats 
which  take  and  transship  cargoes  at  St.  Michael  Harbor, 


but  the  channel  is  very  crooked  and  is  not  used  now 
by  vessels,  due  to  difficulty  of  handling. 

The  Yukon  River  rises  in  British  Columbia,  flows 
in  a  generally  western  direction  across  Alaska,  and 
empties  into  Norton  Sound,  an  arm  of  Bering  Sea.  It 
is  about  2,000  miles  long  and  is  navigable  for  light- 
draft  river  boats  to  the  international  boimdary,  about 
1,500  miles. 


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